TAP cii CONG TlMNG
CAC YEU TO TAC DONG DEN S\S HAI LONG CONG VIEC CUA NHAN VIEN TAI NGAN HANG THU^ONG MAI TREN DIA BAN TINH DONG NAI
• BUI VAN THUY
TOM TAT:
Bai viet nghien ciru cac yeu to tac dong den sy h^i long cong \ iec ciia nhan vien tai ngan hang thuoTig mai (NHTM) tren dia ban tinh D6ng Nai. Ket qua cho thay, co 5 nhan to t^c dpng bao gom: Thu nhap. dong nghi?p, dac diem cong viec, dieu kien lam \icc. phue lgi.
Day chinh la ca so de cac NHTM nang cao sir hai long, huong tai vi^c phal trien dpi ngu nhan \ ien gioi trong xu hu-ong hoi nhap hi?n nay.
Tir khoa: Sir hai long, cac yeu to anh huong, ngan hang thuong m^i, nhan vien, tinh E)6ng Nai.
1. Dat van de
Hien nay. mpt trong nhijng van de dang dugc coi la cap thiet cua cac ngan hang thirang mai do la thu hijt nhan tai. Viec mang lai sir hai long trong cong viec cho dpi ngu nhan vien ngay cang trd nen quan trpng hon bao gia het boi vi muc dich hang dau do la giu chan nhan \ icn gioi CO trinh dp chuyen mon cao.
Bai \ ict tim hieu muc dp hai long cung nhu cac yeu to tac dong den su hai long cong \ icc ctia nhan vien nganh Ngan hang. Tir do. giiip cho cac ngan hang co ca sa dc danh gia chinh sach nhan su \ a hinh anh cua minh doi vai thi trucmg nhan su hien nay.
2. Co* so* l> thuyet \ a mo hinh nghien cihi 2.1. Cff sd ly thuyet
Khi nghien cmi. sir hai long trong cong viec thuang dugc gan lien \a\ cac ly thuyet nhu:
Thuvdt nhu cau cap bae cua Maslow (1943), thuydt ERG ciia Aldeifer (1969), thuyet cong
bang ciia Adam (1963), thuyet ky vpng cua Vroom (1964), mo hinh dac diem cong vi?c cua Hackman (1974),... Maslow (1943) cho r k g , khi con nguai thoa man nhu cau cap thap, se CO nhu cau a cap cao va khi thoa man duac cac nhu cau do con nguai sc thoa man va hai long.
Khac vai Maslow, Alderfer (1969) chi ra 3 nhu cau cua con nguai va ca 3 nhu cau nay d6u xuk hien trong cimg thoi diem. Cac nhu cau nay co the bii dap cho nhau, tir do giup con nguai thoa man, hai long vai cong viec. Smith et al (1969) chi ra ban chat cong viec, ca hpi dao tao thang ti6n, lanh dao, dong nghiep, ti^n luang tac dpng den su hai long ciia nguoi lao dpng. Sau nay, Grossman va Bassem (2003) da b6 sung them hai thanh phan n&a, do la phue loi va moi truang lam viec. Tran Xuan Thanh (2015) da chi ra 6 nhom nhan t6 tac dpng den sir thoa man, su hai long cong viec ciia nhan vien nhu d6ng nghiep;
thu nhap; ca hpi dao tao va thang ti6n:^huc loi;
cap tren va dac diem cong viec..., N't-oaj pg^ c6ri rat nhieu nghien cim trong v ngoai nuac CO lien 308SO 12-Thang 5/2020
TAI CIJNI-NGAN BANG-BAO IIIEM
SddS 1: Cac yeu to tac dpng den suhai long cong viec cua nhan vien tai cac NHTM
quan, day cung chinh la ca sa de tac gia de xuat mo hinh nghien ciru.
2.2. MO hhdt nghien edit
Tir tinh hinh thuc te tai cac NHTM Iren dja ban linh Dong Nai, ke thira ca sa ly thuyet va cac nghien ciru truac day. tac gia de xuat mo hinh cac yeu to tac dpng den su hai long cong vi?c ciia nhan vien tai cac NHTM tren dia ban linhDdngNai. ( S a d 6 1)
Thu nhap (TN) la so tien ma nhan vien co dir(?c khi lam cong cho mpt doanh nghiep, to chirc nao do. Thu nhap nay se bao gom cac lihoan Iirang ca ban. cac khoan trp cap, cac loai thircmg va Ipi ich bang ti^n khac phat sinh true li^ lir cong viec (Bellingham. 2004).
Dao tao \a thang tien (DTTT) co moi quan D? song hanh. Dao tao nham huong toi muc dich cuoi ciing la thSng tien hoae nang cao kha nang, hi?!! qua lam \ IOC ciia nhan vicn Mirc thoa man Ml long \ e dao tao trong cong viec ctia nhan
^len 0 khia canh nhu dao tao de co du ky nang noan thanh tot cong \ iec. nang cao kien thirc \ a I.) nSnglam viec...
Cap tren (CT) la nguai quan ly true tiep nhan vien cap duoi. Gdp tren th^ hien mdi quan he gi&a lanh dao \ di nhan \ icn ciia minh bao aoni
su de giao tiep voi cap tren (Ehlers. 2003), su ho tra khi can thiet (Wesley & Muthuswamy, 2008) va suquan tam cua cap tren (Bellingham, 2004), sir bao \ e nhan vien khi can Ihiel (Linden
& Maslyn. 1998). nang luc ctia cap tren, sir tu do thuc hien cong \iec ciia cap duoi (Weiss et al.I967), su ghi nhan dong gop ciia nhan vien, su doi xir cong bang doi voi cap duoi (Warren, 2008).
Dong nghiep (DN) la ngudi cimg lam trong mgt doanh nghiep \ a thudng xuyen trao doi, chia se vdi nhau ve cdng \iec. Nhan vien luon cSn su hd trg. giiip dd lir dong nghiep khi can thiet. thay duoc sir thoai mai khi lam viec vdi ddng nghiep {Hill, 2008).
Dac diem cdng viec (DDCV) bao gdm su dung cac ky nang khac nhau, nhan vicn nam ro cong \iec \ a cong \iec cd tam quan trpng nhat dinh ddi \m hoal ddng san xuat kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep (R. Hackman & G Oidman, 1974).
Cdng \ iec dd cho phep nhan vien thuc hien mgt sd quy^n nhat djnh de hoan thanh va hg se phai chju trach nhiem doi vdi cac quyet djnh ctia minh. Ngoai ra. de cd dugc su hai Idng ngudi nhan vien rat can dugc lam cong viec phii hgp vdi nang luc ciia hp (Bellingham. 2004)
TAP CBl CONG TfliiNG
B a n g 1 . K i e m d j n h K M O v a B a r t l e t t ' s Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
Approx. Chi-Square Barllett's Test of Sphericity df
Sig.
.832 6873.227 532 .000
Xgudn. Phdn tich SPSS
Dieu kien lam vi^c (DKLV) la cac nhan id anh hudng den sue khde va sy tien lgi cua nhan vien khi lam viec. bao gom thdi gian lam \iec phii hgp (Skalli et al, 2007); sy an loan, thoai mai d noi lam \icc (Durst, 1997); dugc trang thiet bj can thiet cho cdng viec (Bellingham, 2004).
Phue Igi (PL) la nhijng lgi ich ma mot ngudi CO dugc tir doanh nghiep ngoai khoan thu nhap ma ngudi dd kiem dugc. Theo Tran Xuan Thanh (2015). phue loi cd vai trd tac dpng den sy hai Idng cdng viec ciia nhan vien.
Su hai long trong cdng viec la thai dp \ e cong viec dugc the hien bang cam nhan, niem tin va hanh vi ciia nhan vien. Theo Smith. Kendal va Huilin (1969), Kreitner va Kinicki (2007) thi sy hai Idng cdng \iec dugc tao bdi cac thanh phan nhu ban chat cdng viec, co hpi dao tao va thang tien. lanh dao. dong nghiep, tien luong. vj tri cdng viec, sy dai ngd. va cac phan thudng.
3. PhiroTig phap nghien cihi
Bai \iCn sir dung phuang phap di^u tra trye tidp thdng qua bang cau hdi khao sat. So li?u thu thap dugc, tac gia tong hgp \ a phan tich bang phan mem SPSS.
Theo Tabachnick & Fidell (1996) cho r k g , kich ihudc mau can dam bao theo cdng thirc: n >
50 + 8p (vdi n la cof miu, p la so lugng bifin dgc lap). Vdi nghien cuu nay. sd bien dpc lap la 7, nhu vay kich thude mau toi thieu can dat dugc la 106 miu. Nghien ciru gui di 550 phieu khao sat nhan vien dang lam viec tai cac NHTM tren dja ban tinh Ddng Nai, thu ve 435 phieu, phieu hgp le day dii thdng tin la 420 phieu.
4. Ket qua nghi§n cihi 4.1. Phdn tich nhdn to EFA
Nghien ciru tien hanh phan tich nhan td EFA lan 1, ket qua cho thay bien CTI, DTTT4 co he sd Factor Loading < 0,5 nen loai khdi phan tich B a n g 2. T o n g p h u d n g sai t r i c h k e t q u a EFA
an to
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
32
Gia trj ban dau Eig .... Phipcng 13.943 41.010
3.203 2 291 1.933 1.585 1.377 1.272
.030 9.421 6 737 5.686 4.661 4.051 3.742
.090 envalues
Tich luy
(%)
41.010 50.431 57.168 62.854 67.515 71.567 75.309
] 100.000 Tong tr
Tong 13 943
3,203 2.291 1.933 1,585 1.377 1 272
ich phu'o-ng sai he so tai Phu'O'ng
sai (%) j
41.010 9.421 6.737 5.686 4.661 4.051 3.742
Tich luy
(%) _
41.010 50.431 57.168 62 854 67,515 71.567 75.309
Tong xoay phmcfn so tai
4.857 14.286 4.371
4.079 3.616 3 401 2 943 2.338
g sai h^
! Tich luy
! {%) 14.286 12.855 27.141 11.996
10.635 10 004 8.656 6.877
"Xg,„.„ ;.,, 39.137 49.772 59.776 68.432 75.309
•'" liel, .sra 310SO 12-Thang 5/2020
TAI C l i n - M A N HANG-BAO HIEM
rtnnUnto TNjnhSp Ciplrtn CSo l|o -Thing tien O^di^cdng vi^c
04ng nghidp Oi^ l(i§n ISm viec PtuJcW
Bang 3. Ket q u a k i e m (Jjnh Cronbach's A l p h a Bien thang do
TN1,TN2, TN3, TN4 CT2, CT3, CT4, CT6, CT6 DTTT1, DTTT2. DTTT3, DTTT5 DDCV1, DDCV2, DDCV3. DDCV4.
DDCV5, DDCV6 DN1,DN2, DN3, DN4 DKLV1. DKLV2, DKLV3, DKLV4 [ P L 1 , P L 2 , PL3, PL4, PL5
Cronbach's .711 .816 795 845 .809 ,846 868
Alpha
\,£:;»i«
Ket lu^n D$t Q$t Dat Oat e$t Dat Set Pki„ ,icl, SPSS Bang 4 . Ket q u o h o i quy
Model 1 I (Constant)
1 TN
yij,/^^ 1
\_ DTTTDN
H^ so chuia chuan hoa B Sai so chuJin - 889
.1771
-.034 .050 .402 1 DDCV 1 ,267
389 109 .100 097 092 \ .113 DKLV ^ ,116 1 ,110
PL , ,491 1 ,107
MMiel R J R! ) R2 hieu chinh 1 ,788" ,621 ,607
H$ so chuan hoa Beta
,113 -.027 .036 .345 197 .105 .402
Sai so tieu chu^n .65932
t -2.283 ' 3.620 -.336 \
,515 ' 4 350 2.364 4.291 \ 4.608 ' Sig, ,024 ,008 ,738 ,608 ,000 ,020 ,000 .000
He so Durbin-Watson 2 054
EFA, ket qua phan tich nhan t6 EFA i k 2 nhu sau: (Bang n
Kai.scr-Mc>cr-Olkin (K.MO) (Measure of Sampling Adequacy = 0,858 > 0.5 va Sig = 0,00
< 0,05 nen dir liou diing Ac phan tich nhan t6 la Ihich hjip.
Eigenvalue = 1,272 > 1 dai dien cho phSn hi™ thien duac giai thich bai moi nhan td nit ra i^y nghia torn tat thong tin t6t nhil,
_T6ng phuong sai trich (Cumulative %)
"5J09% > 50% dilu nay chung td 75„W)»o hien thien cua dir lieu dugc giai thich bdi 7 nhan
\guan Phm ,icli SPSS
td dugc do ludng thdng qua 32 bicn quan sat, (Bang 2)
.1.2. Kiem dinh Cronbach's Alpha Kiem dinh Cronbach's Alpha de kiem tra su chat che va tuang quan giua cac bien quan sat, tir dd loai bd nhirng bien khdng phii hgp va giir lai cac bien phii hgp trong md hinh nghien ciru, Ket qua Bang 3 cho thay, cac bien thang do cua tirng yeu td deu cd Corrected Item Total Correlation > 0,3 \ a he sd Cronbach's Alpha >
0,7. Dieu na\ chung td. 32 cac bicn Ihang dai dien cho 7 \ cu td la phii hgp.
TAP cii CONC TlMHIt
4.i. Ket qud hoi quy vd kiem dinh Ket qua Bang 4 cho thay, bi^n CT. DTTT tac dpng den su hai Idng cdng viec ciia nhan \ ien khdng cd y nghia thdng ke. Nhu \a>. cd 5 yeu Id tac dgng va giai thich dugfc 60.7% den su hai ldng cdng v iec ciia nhan \ ien tai cac NHTM tren dia ban tinh Ddng Nai va cd y nghia thdng ke (sig. < 0.05).
Nghien cuu thuc hien them cac kiem dinh khac. ket qua cho thay md hinh khdng \ a ) ra hien tugng da cpng tuyen, khdng \ a \ ra hien tuprng tu tuong quan \ a hoan toan phii hpfp \di du lieu.
5. Mot so giai phap
Tir ket qua n ^ i e n curu, cac NHTM tren dia ban tinh Ddng Nai cd the nang cao su hai long cdng viec ciia nhan vien thdng qua cac giai phap sau:
(1) Cai thien mdi trudng lam \icc sao cho su phdi hgp, giup dd nhau trong cdng \'iec giua cac nhan vien \di nhau dat hieu qua. Trong qua trinh danh gia nang suat lao ddng can dam bao su cdng bang, can khich le nhan vien hang say sang tao trong cdng \ icc.
(2) C^n cd chinh sach cai thiC'n che dp phue Igi, thu nhap cho nhan \ icn. Phan phdi thu nh^p va phue Igi sao cho phai co nhirng khich le cho nhung nhan \ icn lam \ iec hieu qua cao;
(3) NHTM khi phan cdng nhiem vu phai gan li^n \di kha nang, diem manh cua timg nhan vien. Ddng thdi. ra soat l^i quy trinh lam \iec.
At loai bd nhijrng bude khdng can thiet, de khich le tinh th4n lam \ iec ciia nhan \ icn, tu dd hp se hung thii vdi cdng viec hon;
(4) Bd sung them ca sd \ai ch^t. may mdc thiet bi phue \ u tdt nh^t trong qua trinh lam vi^c cua nhan vien trong ngan hang.
6. Ket luan
Su hai Idng cdng \ icc ciia nhan \ icn la yeu td sdng edn ciia cac td chue, doanh nghiep va cac ngan hang thuong mai tren dja ban tinh Ddng Nai ciing khdng ngoai le. Ket qua nghien ciru tren se giup NHTM tinh cd cai nhin khach quan ve sy hai Idng cdng viec ciia nhan vien, tir dd dua ra cac chinh sach, djnh hudng phat trien nhan sir, nham thu hiit va giu chan nhan vien cd due, cd tai trong thdi gian tdiB
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2 Ngii>i"n Dinh Tho (2011), >Phu(jng phap nghien cim khoa hoc trong kmh doanh>, Nha Xual ban Lao dpng Xa hoi. Ha Npi.
3. Bellingham (20041. R . Job Saiisfaclion Siir\e\. Wellness Council of America.
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Chicago. L S \ Rand McNally
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10. Wcsicv. J. R. & Muthuswamy. P. R. (20ii'' i Work Role Charactensiics as deierminanls of job satisfaction- An Empirical Vnahsis. ' \ I \ 1 B Journal of Management. > 6 5 - 7 4
312SO 12-Thang 5/2020
Ngav nh|a b i i : 22/4/2020
(Mypfaan bi^n dinh gid va sira chira: 2/5/2020
|4|iy chip nhan ddng bk\: 12/5/2020
TAI CIJHI-MAN IAN6-BAO IIEM
Jl!o'i\: im kii gui ThS.BU\ \NTHIJV Tnrtmg Dai h^c Lac Hong
FACTORS AFFECTING THE JOB SATISFACTION OF EMPLOYEES WORKING AT COMMERCIAL BANKS IN
DONG NAI PROVINCE
•Master. BUI VAN THUY Lac Hong University ABSTRACT:
This study is to examine factors affecting the job satisfaction of employees working at commercial banks in Dong Nai Province. This study's resuls show that factors including income, colleagues, job characteristics, working conditions and benefits all aflect the job satisfaction of employees. This study is expected to help commercial banks in Dong Nai Province improve tfiejob satisfaction of ttheir employees, retaining and developing good staff amid the country's current integration period.
Keywords: Satisfaction, influencing factors, commercial banks, employees, Dong Nai Province.
