^^ dttn^^ fJtd/i bwt 86 8(281)-2015
HOAN THIEN MlT sfi NGUYEN TAC
TRONG Bd LUAT TS TUNG HINH SIT NHAM BAO BAM THUC HIEN NGUYiN TAC SUYOOAN VO TOI
I ThS. HUYNH TRUNG TRI/C •
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guyin tic suy doin vd t|i d l dupe ghi nh|n trong nhilu dieu udc quoc tl, cung nhu dupc thda nhln l i mpt trong nhung nguyin tie co ban trong luit to tgng hinh su (TTHS) d a nhilu nudc trin thl gidi. Vi|t Nam d l ghi nhgn vile suy doin v6 tpi la mdt nguyin tie ciJa TTHS va disijc cam kit thue hiin thdng qua su kipn Vipt Nam gia nh|p Cdng \rdc quIe t l v l cic quyin din su v i chlnh trj ngiy 24/9/1982.Tuy chua dupc gpi tin mpt cich chlnh thdc, nhung npi dung eua nguyin tac suy doin v l tpi da dupc quy djnh tgi Dllu 72 Hlln phip nim 1992 (sua doi, bo sung nim 2001) v i dupe k l thda tgi Cilu 9 B| lugt T l tgng hlnh su nim 2003; 'Khdng ai bj coi l i d tdi v i phai chju hinh phgt khi chua ed ban i n kit tpi eua Tda i n d i cd hipu lue phip luit'. Nguyin tie niy d i dupc quy djnh eg thl, chi tilt hon tgi khoan 1 Bilu 31 Hiin phip nim 2013: 'Ngudi bj bupc t|i dupe coi l i khong ed tdi cho din khi dupe Chung minh theo trlnh tu luit djnh v l ed ban i n kit t|i cua Tda i n d l cd hilu luc phip luir.
Ndi dung cua nguyen tic suy doin v l t|i bao gom bin van d l cd moi quan h | bi|n chdng, tic d|ng qua lgi lan nhau, b l sung eho nhau, nlu thilu m|t trong bin n|i dung thl nguyin tie suy doin v l t|i s l khong cd J nghTa, cu thl:
- Ngudi bi tgm gid, bj can, bj cio duac suy doan vd tpi ctio den khi ed ban i n kit IK d a Tda i n d
* Boan lM$t sir tinh Binh Phuirc
hipu lue phip luit.
- Trieh nhi|m ehdng minh tpi phgm thupc v l eo quan tiln hinh t l tgng, ngudi bj tam giu, bj can, bj d o cd quyin nhung khdng bu|e phai chdng minh minh v l t|i.
- Mpi nghj ngd v l loi eua ngudi bj tgm gid, bj can, bj d o , nlu khdng dupe logi tru theo trlnh Iv, Ihu tgc do phip lull TTHS quy djnh, thl phil dupe glal Ihlch d lpi eho hp.
- Ban i n kit t|i cua Tda i n khdng dupc dua tren nhung gia djnh.
1. Th^rc tiln thtrc hign phip iu|t t l tgng hinh sv Vigt Nam liln quan den nguyen t i c suy doan votpi
1.1. Nhirng itit qua dat din;rc
Td nim 2002 din nay, Bd Chinh trj d l ban hlnh 02 Nghj quyll rilng ve cdng tic tu phipl. Trong do, d c n|i dung liln quan tdi cong tic giai quyll, xet xu d e logi vg i n ndi chung v i cong tic x i l xu d e vg an hinh su ndi rilng l i phai doi mdi thu Ige tranh lu|n tgi phiin tda d l ning eao chat lupng xit xu d c logi vg in, bao dam xet xu dung ngudi, ding tpi, ddng phip lull, trinh oan sai ngudi v l tdi v i bo Ipt tpi phgm...
V l dli mdi thu Ige tranh Iggn Igi phiin tda, nhin Chung, vi|e to chdc d e phien tda hlnh su d d e Tda In d c d p tdng budc dam bao dupc su ton nghiim, din chu v i vin minh theo diing quy djnh cua phip
Ddn chCi & Phdp lu^t Q
(XJw/. diMf. phip. UiM S68(281)-S
luat Tda in da tao dieu kipn, dam bao cho nhdng ngudi tham gia to tgng thuc hien day Su cic quyen v i nghTa vg hop phip eua hp. Lugt su v l nhdng ngudi thgm gia to tgng duoc trinh biy hit J kiln d a mlnh; tranh lu|n giua luat su, bj d o vdi dgi di|n Vien kilm sit the hien khich quan hon; vipc phin quyet cua TIa in chi d n cd vio d c chdng cd cd trong ho so vu In dl duac tham tra v i kit qua tranh tung tgi phiin Ida. Chinh vl v|y, chit luang xit xu cie vg In hlnh su da duac ning len rd r|t, die bigt da khac phgc cd hi|u qua vigc kit in oan ngudi khdng d tdi.
Ve thlm quyen xit xu cua d c Toa in, B| lugt To tgng hlnh su nim 2003 da quy djnh Tda in nhln din toi cao khdng edn tham quyen xet xu so thlm dong thdi Chung tham vg in hlnh su nham bao dam quyin khing d o cua bj d o v i Ihuc hign nguyin tie Tda in thue hi|n chl dp hai d p xet xu. Tda in nhln din d p huyin cd tham quyen xet xu d c tpi pham cd mdc cao nhat cDa khung hlnh phgt tdi 15 nim tCi (thay vi 7 nim I I nhu tn/dc kia). Vigc ling tham quyen xet xd ed rit nhilu J ngh'Ta, Irong dd mpt J nghTa quan trgng l i bao dam Ihuc hign trill d l hon nguyen tic hai d p xet xu vi khi phin ldn cic vg In hlnh su dupe Tda i n d p huygn x i l xu so thim, neu ban in cd khing d o hole khing nghj phue tham Ihi TIa in d p tinh s l xet xu theo thu Ige phdc thim.
Nhu v|y s l lim giam dan bit hap IJ l i cung tinh chit phOe thlm nhung eo nhdng vu in do Tda in d p tinh xet xu, nhung cd vg i n lgi do Tda In nhin din loi cao xit xu.
Cung theo Bp lu|tT6 Igng hlnh su nim 2003, d c quy djnh liln quan din nguyin tie suy doin v l lpi dupe the hiin trong d e giai dcgn TTHS, tgo thinh h| thong cie quy phgm Ilm co sd eho vigc bao v | quyin con ngudi ndi chung, nguyin tie suy doin v l Hi ndi rilng. Thuc lien Ip dgng phip lull TTHS cua nudc ta lien quan din nguyin tic suy doin vd tdi
eho thiy, d e co quan tien hinh to Igng, ngudi tig hlnh t l tgng d l d nhilu d ging tuin thu nhOng quy ^nh eua nguyin tie nay, bao dam quyin, lpi ldi hop phap eua ngudi bj tgm gid, bj can, bj cio vi^
tlnh chat l i ngudi ehua co tdi.
Hiin phip nim 2013 vdi nhilu quy djnh dli mdi d l lim r l hon ve nguyin tie suy doin v l t|t, vigc bupc tpi phai dirge chdng minh thi mdi cd ban in^.
SP vdi quy djnh cOa Dilu 72 Hiin phip nim 1992 till quy djnh lal Dilu 31 Hiin phip nam 2013 cd nhdng npi dung eg thl ro ring hon;
r/)i> nhit, xle dinh rd han doi tuong cua nguyen tic suy doin vd tdi II 'ngudi bj bu|e tpi' mi theo quy djnh d a Bp lull To tgng hinh su nam 2003, dl \k nhung ngudi bj bat, ngudi bj Igm gid, bj can, bj do thay cho viec quy djnh mil d c h chung Chung "khing ai' nhu quy djnh tgi Dilu 72 Hiin phip 1992.
Thir hai, khing djnh rd ring 'ngudi bj bu|c t$j dupe eoi 11 ngudi khdng cd lpi" de ca quan tiln hlnh to Igng, ngudi liln hlnh to Igng v i x l hgi phai nh^n thdc rd nhdng ngudi bj i p dgng d e biln phip TTHS d l truy edu trieh nhilm hlnh su phai i i ngudi khdng el tdi v i hp duoc bao dam cic quyen Iai cua nguH khdng cd 111 trong suot qui trlnh dilu tra, tnjy to, xit xu. Van d l niy ed J nghTa rit quan trpng trong thtrc tiln d a d c co quan tu phip cung nhu Ihl che h6a d e quy djnh eua B| lu|t To tgng hlnh su v l d c v3n ban cd liln quan.
Thir ba, Dieu 31 Hlln phip nim 2013 da lie djnh pham vl ip dyng nguyin tic suy doin vd lOi l)lt dau td khi co quan cd thlm quyin tien hinh cic bi$n phip theo lull djnh d l bu|e t|i m|t ngudi v i kit thOc khi ed ban In kit 111 ed hi|u lue phip lull. Dong thii cung xic djnh m|l ngudi vd lpi phai d 02 dilu ki?n d n v i du. Cu thl:
- Oieu kipn d n 11: Ngudi dd phai dupe chiing minh (bupc 111) bing quy trlnh theo luit djnh, dilu niy cd nghTa d e bign phip v i trlnh lu chdng minh
@ Dan chCi & Phdp !u(tt
^^U^d^ig fikdft UiM 86 8(281)-2015
mpt ngifffi c6 tpi phai Id hgp phSp, neu khong hgp phSp hogc c6 vi phgm quy Wnh to tyng thi khong du CO so ket tgi ngucri dd. Dieu kt$n niy d|t ra yeu cau r^t quan trgng doi voi Vi$n kiem sit vdi chi>c nang thyc hanh quyen cong t6 vd kiem sdt vi^c tuan ^eo phap luat h-ong ho^t dpng tu- phdp.
- Dieu kign du Id: Phai cd mOt ban dn ket tpi cua T6a an dd c6 hi|u lyc phdp lu$t, dieu nay cung c6 nghta chl co Toa dn md'i c6 tham quyen xac <^nh ngu'di cd toi, cdc quyet djnh cua co quan tien hdnh to tgng tiirac dd nhu' cdc quy^t djnh cua co quan dieu tra, Vign kiem sdt khdng c6 y nghTa xdc ^nh mpt ngu'di co tpi.
Thv tir, ngi dung Dieu 31 Hien phdp nam 2013 cQng xdc dinh trach nhigm chu-ng minh mOt ngudi cd tpi thupc ve co quan tien hdnh to tgng. Nhirng quan trgng hon, ngi dung cua dieu ndy cung the hi^n rd cCing vdi trach nhi^m buOc tpi thl co quan tien hdnh t6 tgng va ngudi tien hdnh t6 tgng phai cd trdch nhi§m chung minh ngu'di d6 kh6ng phgm tpi, dong thoi bao dam cac quyen de ngu'di do bao v? mlnh khong co tOi (nhu* quyen du'gc bdo chua hogc nhd ngu'di khdc bdo chu'a) vd ngu'di bj bupc tpi khong co nghia vg chiing minh minh vo tgi.
1.2. Nhung van de cdn ton t^i
Thv'c te cho thay, nhung n$i dung cua nguyen tdc suy doan vo tgi chua dugc tudn thu tri^t de va nhat qudn trong hogt dpng Igp phdp cua nu'dc ta, cung nhu hign nay, d nhieu ICic, nhleu noi, cdc co quan tien hanh to tgng da khong nh§n thuc dugc hogc co tlnh vi phgm cdc quy djnh lien quan den nguyen tac suy dodn vo tpi, din 6in nhi^u hgn che trong hogt d$ng to tgng, d$c bipt Id tinh trgng oan, sai.
Co the dan chiing mpt so vg dn gdy chan dpng du lu$n trong thdi glan qua nhu: Vg dn Tran Vdn Chien (sinh ndm 1960, d ip Nam, Tdn Dien, G6 Cdng Dong, Tien Giang) d tii oan 16 ndm 3 thdng (03/1980 - 8/1995) vl "tdi gi^t ngu-di"; vg dn Phgm Thj
Ot (Gd Vap, TP. Ho Chi Minh) a tii oan 12 ndm (1993 - 2005) ve "tpi giet ngu'di'; vg dn BCii Minh Hai {sinh ndm 1956, d Dong Nai) d tu oan 04 thdng (1998) vi
"tpi giet ngtfdi", cu-dp tai san va hiep ddm; vg dn Nguyen Minh Hung (sinh nam 1978, ap Tdn Tien, Tan L4lp, Tdn Bi§n, Tay Ninh) d tti oan hon 05 ndm (3/2003 - 3/2008) vdi hai Ian bj tuy&n dn tip hinh ve
"tOi bu6n bdn ma tCiy'; vg an Nguy&n Thanh Chin (Bdc Giang), d tti oan hon 10 nam (9/2003 -11 /2013) ve "tOi giet ngu'di"; vg dn Lu-ong Nggc Phi (Thdi Binh) bj tgm giam oan 05 nam (1998 - 2003) ve hdnh vi Igm dgng tin nhi^m chiem doat tdi san xd h$i chu nghla vd tr6n thue; vg dn Nguyen Hodng Hd (sinh ndm 1977, Dd Ning) bj tgm giam oan 15 thdng 10 ngdy (9/2009 - 01/2010) ve hdnh vi "lira dao chiem dogt tdi san"; vg dn "Virdn dieu" d Binh Thu^n kdo ddi 12 ndm van khdng tim du'gc hung thu giet ngu'di...
M$c dil so lugng cac vg an xet XLP oan sai khdng phai Id Idn so vdi tong so vg dn dd xdt xu' hdng ndm, nhipng anh hu-dng Idn den sdc khoe, danh dg, nhan pham, uy tin, tai san va cac quyen tg do khdc cua con ngirdi.
Qua cdc vg dn trin, co the chf ra mpt so nguydn nhdn dan den tlnh trgng oan sai nhu*: (i) Sau khi co sg ki$n phgm tpi xay ra, do thoa mdn vdi Idi nhln tpi cua bj can, d6ng thdi khong xem xdt todn di^n h$
thong chdng cd; (li) Ap dgng cac vdn ban phdp lu^t vd giai thich phdp lu^t khong chinh xdc n§n dan den vi$c khdi to sai; (iii) V\^c nghi§n cdu vg dn vd xdc djnh tpi danh de buy to cua Vi^n kiem sdt trong m$t so tru-dng hgp con thieu khach quan dan den vigc truy t6 sai, xdc i^nh tgi danh ndng han cho bj can so vdi tinh tiet khdch quan cua vg dn; (iv) Trong hogt dgng xet xd hinh sg, cdn nhleu tnrdng hgp sai lam trong vi$c djnh tOi danh; sai lam Uong vi^c xdc djnh khung hinh phgt, tlnh tiet tdng n^ng; sai lam trong vigc cdn ci> vdo cdc gia ^nh, phdn dodn v^ tlnh tiet cua vg dn ho|c cdc chdng cd khdng xdc thgc; van
Ddn chCi & Phdp lu$t I
Qljwi. dung, phip-luot 86 8(281)-2015
cdn tlnh Irang "In bd tli" hay ' i n tai ho sa' ml khdng xem xit din chdng ed duoc dua ra tai phiin tda; vi pham trong vile tri ho sa d l dilu tra bo sung.
M|t trong nhdng npi dung d a nguyin tic suy doin vd tpi dd 11 ttich nhilm chung minh l|i pham thudc ve ca quan tiln hlnh to tgng, ngudi bj t?m gid, bj can, bj d o el quyen nhung khong bupc phai chdng minh mlnh v l tpi. Tuy nhiln, phip lull TTHS nudc ta khdng cd m|t quy djnh nao cho phip ngudi bj tam gid, bj can, bj cio duac im ling hoin loin trong cie giai doan t l tung, dilu nay d i t?o ra co h|i cho ca quan tiln hinh to tgng, ngudi tiln hlnh t l tung v|n dung sai nguyin tic suy doin vd l|i. Khdng chi the, Oieu 71 Bd luit To tgng hinh su nim 2003 edn quy djnh: 'Ngudi bj bit, bj tam gid trlnh biy v l nhdng tlnh tilt lien quan din vile hp bj nghi thue hi|n III ph^m'. Bilu niy d i giin tiep khing djnh ring, hp d nghTa vg phai khai bio nhdng tlnh till liln quan, khing bio dam nguyin tic suy doin vd III.
2. Hoin thi|n m|t s l nguyin t i c quy djnh trong Bp lu|t To t^ing hinh su nam 2003
Nhim ning cao chat lupng boat ddrig eua ele ea quan tu phip, dip dng nhu d u doi mdi,' Nghj quylf so 49-NQfTW ngiy 02/6/2005 v l Chiln luac cii cich tu phip din nim 2020 d l nlu r l : 'Hoin thiln chinh sich, phip lull hlnh su, din su phi hap vdi nen kinh l l thj trudng (flnh hudng x i hOi chu nghTa, xiy dung Nhi nude phip quyen x l h|i ehu nghla cua nhln din, do nhln din, vl nhin din, hoin thi|n eic thu tgc to tgng tu phip bao dam llnh dong b|, din chu, cdng khai, minh bach, Iln trpng v i bao v | quyin eon ngudi". Tuin Ihu cic quan dilm chi dao, vi|c ghi nh|n eg thl, diy dg nguyin tic suy doin vd toi nhu 11 nguyin tic ea ban trong TTHS cDng nhu hoin twin ele quy djnh phip lull cd liln quan true tiep din vile thuc hi|n nguyin lie suy doin v l 111 11 dii hoi d p thilt cua phip lu|t TTHS Irong Nhi nudc
phip quyen.
Thir nhat, ghi nh$n nguyin tie suy doan vot^vi nguyin tic xic djnh sif th$t cia w in
Vile thda nhin true Ulp nguyin tic suy doin vi tdi nhu m|t nguyin tac ca ban cua lull TTHS Vljl Nam II mpt ylu d u khich quan v i v l cung ch thill, se ring bu|e eic ca quan lien hanh l l tyng phai xic djnh su thit khich quan eOa vg in. KM di, npi dung cua nguyin tie suy doin v l III s l II mit dilu lull eg Ihl, chda dung diy du d 4 n|i dung cua nguyin tic suy doin vo lpi d i dupc phin tich d phin trin.
Dllu 31 Hiin phip nam 2013 da xic djnh ro \m dli tupng d a nguyin lie suy doin vd 111 l i 'nguH bj bude 111', khing djnh rd ring 'ngudi bj bu|c tii Qirtfc eoi 11 ngudi khing ed tdi', ding thdi xic djnh trich nhipm chdng minh mil ngudi c l III thu|c vl ea quan tiln hlnh to tgng. VI viy, nin sua doi, bi sung Oilu 9 v i Bilu 10 B| lull To tgng hlnh si^ nim 2003 theo hudng nhu sag:
'Bilu 9. Suy doin vd tpi
1. Ngudi bj bu|e ldi dupc coi l i khdng ed t|l clio din khi dupe chdng minh theo trlnh tu lull djnh vS cd ban i n kit tdi cua Tda In d l cd hilu lue phip W.
2. Trich nhilm ehdng minh l|i phgm thule vl co quan tiln hlnh to tgng. Ngudi bi budc tpi d quyen ehdng minh mlnh v6 tpi.
3. Mpi nghi ngd ve ill cua ngudi bj bu|c t|i md khing thl ilm r l dupc Irong vg i n thl phai dupc gl^
thieh e l lpi cho ngudi bj bu|c 111.
4. Ban In kit 111 cua Tda i n khdng dupc dua trin nhung cin ed gia djnh'.
'Bilu 10. Xic djnh su Ihit cOa vg in Ca qgan tiln hinh t l tgng phai Ip dgng bi|n phip hpp ptilp d l xle djnh su Ihit d a vg in mil dch khich quan, loin di|n v l day dO, ilm rd nhf)ng chdng cd bupc t|i v l ehdng cd gd t|i, nhdng tlnh tilt ting n|ng v i nhdng tlnh Bit giim nh? trldi
Wi Ddn chCi & Phdp lu$t
^^^V^d^uf. philfi. Iti4t S<S8(281)-201S
ihilm hlnh su cua ngudi bj bu|e 111'.
Thir hai, sira doi, bo sung nguyen tic trich ihi$m ithai to vi xir If vu in hinh sy
Bleu 13 cua Bp lull T l tgng hlnh su nam 2003 qgy djnh: 'Khi phit hi|n cd dau hilu 111 pham thl ca quan dilu tra, Vi|n kilm sit, Tda I n Irong pham vl nhilm vg, qgyIn han cua mlnh ed trieh nhilm khdi tl vg i n v i i p dgng d c bi$n phip do Bp lull niy quy djnh d l xac djnh tpi pham v l xu I)? ngudi pham tpi.
Khdng diri^c khdi to vg i n ngoii nhung ein cd v l Irlnh lu do B| lull niy quy djnh'. Quy djnh Irin l i chua diy du vl ngoii ca quan dilu Ira, Vi|n kilm sit vi TIa In thl t^i khoan 1 Bilu 104 Bp lull niy quy djnh van con mil s l eo quan khie d trich nhipm khdi to v i xu ly vg i n hlnh su nhu; Thu Inrdng dan vj bd ddi biln phdng, cd quan hai quan, kilm lim, lue lupng d n h sit biln v i Ihu Infdng cic ca quan khic cua Cong an nhln din, Quin dpi nhln din dupc giao nhipm vg liln hinh mdt so hopt ddng dilg tra. Ngoii ra, nin bo thlm quyin khdi t l vg In hlnh su cua Tda i n bdi ly do Tda In II ca quan xit xu, nin vile Tda i n ra quyit djnh khdi to vg i n hlnh su s l khing dam bio llnh khieh qgan trong vile giai quyet vg an v i khdng phi hap vdi chdc nang, nhipm vg cda Tda i n l i xit xu.
Td nhung phin tieh Irin, kiln nghj sua doi, bo sung Bilu 13 BO lull T l tgng hlnh su nim 2003 nhu sau: 'Khi phit hi|n ed diu hi|u tpi pham Ihl ea quan dilu tra, Vi|n kilm sit v i cic ca quan khic duac giao tiln hanh mil s l hoat ddng dilu tra theo lu|t djnh trong pham vi nhi|m vu, quyin han cua mlnh cd trich nhilm khdi t l vg i n v i i p dgng eic bi|n phip do B| lull niy quy djnh d l xic djnh lpi pham v i xu
\j ngudi ph^m III. Khdng dupc khdi l l vg In ngoll nhdng ein cd v i Irlnh lu do Bd Igit niy qgy djnh'.
Thir ba, bS sung quy djnh nguyin tic nguw 6/
bit, bi t^m giir, bj can, bj cio cd quyin gil> im l$ng trong mi?i giai do$n ti ((jng
Ely II mil Irong nhung nggyin tic cd mil liln h | mil thill vdi nguyin tie suy doin v l 111. Khoan 4 Bleu 209 Bd lull T l tgng hlnh su nam 2003 qgy djnh:
'Nig bj d o khing tra Idi d e d g hdi thl H|i dong xet xu, Kilm s i l viln, ngudi bio ehua, ngudi bao v | qgyIn lpi cua duong su tilp tgc hoi nhung ngudi khie v l xem xet v|t ehdng, tii lipu cd liln quan den vg In*. Hilu theo mpt nghTa nio dd thl dieu lull d i giin tilp eing nhln quyen duac im ling d a bj d o tai phiin tda. Cdn dd'i vdi ngudi bj bit, bj tam gid, tam giam, bj can Ihl chua eo mpt quy djnh nio, dO ehi giin tilp d l c|p din quyen dupc im l|ng.
Hi|n nay, phip lull TTHS nude ta khing quy djnh eg thl nhung d l m|e nhiln thua nhin quyen im ling d a ngudi bj bit, bj tam giu, bj can, bj d o . Bilu 10 B| lull To tgng hinh su nim 2003 qgy djnh:'... bj can, bj d o d qgyIn nhung khdng phai budc chdng minh l i mlnh vd tpi' dong nghTa vdi vile nghTa vg chung minh tpi pham thupc ve d c ca quan tiln hlnh t l tgng, bj can khdng c l nghla vg chdng minh v l su vd 111 d a mlnh. Bilg niy cQng d nghTa dng nh|n quyin im ling cua ngudi bj bat, bj tam giam, bj can, bj d o . Vile diFQic quyin im l|ng ngay td khi bj bit gid ban diu cd y nghTa hit sdc quan trpng trpng vipc bao dam cho nguyin tic suy doin v l l|i dupe thi hinh Irong thuc l l . Thdi gian ban diu khi bj bit giu, ngudi bj tinh nghi thudng rit hoang mang, lo sp cho thin ph|n d a mlnh... Hp rit de bj ehl phil v l cd khi bj II thudc bdi hoin dnh khich quan. Nhit l i khi hp bj dg cung, Ip eung... Nhieu ngudi d l budc phai theo su gpi y cua ca quan dilu tra d l khai nh|n nhung vi|c khing xay ra trong thue t l , mi vy dng Nggyin Thanh Chin (d Bic Giang) la m|t diin hlnh.
Theo d c qgy djnh d a phip lull hlnh su, vi|e ngudi bj bit, bj tam gift, bj can, bj d o khing khai nh|n hlnh vi ph^m tpi d a mlnh thl cQng khdng phai chju trieh nhipm hlnh su ve tpi td choi khai bio Iheo quy djnh tai Bilu 308 d a B| lull Hlnh su v i cDng
Ddn chd & Phdp lu^t I
(Xidg dung pkap. UiM 808(281)-2015
khing bj eoi II d tinh lilt tang ning trieh nhiem hlnh su theo quy djnh tai Bilu 48 d a Bp lull Hlnh su.
Trong tm-dng hpp bj can, bj d o thinh khan khai bio thl lai dupc coi l i tinh tilt giam nhe trieh nhiem hinh su, thlm chl trong giai doan dilu Ira hp khing khai bio hole khai bio gian doi nhung tai phien tia lai thinh khan khai bio thi ho van dupc hudng tinh tilt giam nhp trich nhipm hinh su II thinh khin khai bio' theo quy dmh tai diem p khoan 1 Bilu 46 d a Bd lull Hinh su. Trudng hap bj cio khai bio gian doi thl hp cing khdng phai chju trich nhipm hlnh su ve III khai bio gian doi theo quy djnh tai Bieu 307 eua Bd lull Hlnh su.
Td cic phin tfch trin, d thl d l xuat npi dung cua nguyin tic niy nhu sau;
•Quyin im IJng eua ngudi bj bit, bj tam gid, tam giam, bj can, bj d o .
Trong mgi giai doan to tgng, ngudi bj bit, bi tam gid, tam giam, bj can, bj cio co qgyln giu im ling.
Su im ling dd khdng duac giai thich Iheo hudng bat lpi cho hp. Ngudi cd tham quyin bat gid, khdi t l cd nghTa vg giai thich cho ngudi bj bit giu, bj khdi to v l quyen im l|ng eua hp'.
r/ii> tir, quy dinh nguyen tic tranh tung Nghj quyet s l 08-NQ/TW ngiy 02/01/2002 d a B| Chinh trj v l mil s l nhilm vy trpng Ilm eing tie tu phip trong thdi gian tdi d l dpi bipt nhin manh din ylu to tranh tgng v i ning cao chit luang tranh tgng. Ben Nghj qgylt so 49/NQ-TW ngiy 02/6/2005 v l Chiln lupe d i cich lu phip din nim 2020 eung nhin manh vin d l nay. Do do, d n dua tranh tgng thinh mdt nguyin lic ea ban trong BO lull To Igng hlnh su, dong thdi lim tu tudng chu dpo d l sua dli, bl sung d c thu tgc, quy ffinh tuang dng trong Bd lull, nhat l i d e thu tgc tai phiin Ida xit xu d c vg i n hlnh su phg hap vdi khoan 5 Bilu 103 Hlln phip nim 2013 ve 'Nguyin tie Iranh tyng Irong xit xu duac bao dam'.
Nguyin tie tranh tgng duae qgy djnh se giupqi^
trlnh to tgng dien ra din chg hdn, d c quyin eoi ngudi eua d nhln ngudi pham lpi dupe bao ^ vile bude tpi, gd tOi r i ring, minh bach. Nguyin lie niy dii hoi ehdc ning bu|e tOi, chdc ning gd 1(1 vi chuc ning xel xu phai ed su phin djnh rach roi, gip phan ho Ira thyc hipn nguyin tie suy doin vd IS.
NOi dung nguyin tie tranh tgng c i thl dupcqiij (flnh nhu sag;
(i) Tia In II ca quan bao dam vi|c tranh tgng ciii d c bin trong TTHS. Vile xit xu d c vg in hlnh sv cua Tia i n phai dupc tiln hanh trin ca sd Iranh tgng din chu v i blnh ding gida bin bu|c t|i vl bin ga III;
(ii) Ban in hope quyet djnh cua Tda in tuyin phii dua tren kit qua tranh tgng din chij v i blnh ding giua bin bupc 111 v i bin gd til;
(lii) Tai phlln tda, hOi dong xit xu phii bao dim su dpc Up v i Ihuc hi|n diy dO cie chdc ning dng to, chuc ning bio chda v l chdc ning xit xd do ba chu thl tuang dng thyc hi|n.
Tdm;?;, vipc hoin thiln phip luit TTHS phai tin trpng v i bao dim d c quyin, lpi Ich hpp phip ciSa ngudi bj tpm gid, bj can, bj cio v l nhdng nguli lham gia to tgng khic. Vipc xet xu tai cie d p TIa In phai cing khai, minh bach, tao dilg ki|n toi da cho vile giim s i l cua x l hOi doi vdi hopt dOng xet xdciia Tia i n . Quy djnh d e dilu ki|n cu thl cho vi|c iS chdc Tda an d l thyc hi|n nguyin tic hai d p xil m d hipu qua cao. Hoin thi|n chlnh sich, phip lojl hlnh su, phip lu|t TTHS nhlm bao dam nguyin tic suy doan votii trong luit TTHS Q
(. Nghj quyit so OB-NOmV ngiy 02/01/2002 vi inft sd nhi$m w tn)ng tim cong tic tir phip tmng thdi 0m HI vi Nghi quyit so 49-NQ/TWngiy 02/6/2005 cda Bd C/iWi tli vi Chiin liKfc di dch lir phip din nim 2020.
2. Xem: Biiu 31 Hiin phip nim 2013.
