THUC TRANG HOAT DONG KHAI THAC HAI SAN CUA DOI TAU LU6I KEO DON CJ VUNG BIEN VEN B O
HAI PHONG VA GlAl PHAP Q U A N LY
Phgm Thi Hiin Vien Sinh - Ndng Email: [email protected] Ngdy nhdn bdi: 10/1/2018
Ngdy PB ddnh gid: 30/1/2018 Ngdy duyet ddng: 09/02/2018 TOM TAT
Dpi tau luoi keo dem ven ba ciia Hai Phong chu yeu la doi tau nho, cong sudt may tau thip (68,4% la tau co cong suSt nho hem 20cv), chiiu dai vo tau tmng bmh tit 10,15+13,16 met.
Day la nghe khai thac co tmh xam hai r§t Ion d8n nguon lgi hai san. Ket qua khao sat cho thay:
tit ca cac tau dSu su dimg kich thuac mit luoi vi pham quy dinh bao v^ nguon lai thuy san; ty le ca tap khai thac duoc kha cao, chiem 37,7% tdng san lugng; Lgi nhuan ttung binh ciia tau tuong d6i thip, dao dgng tir 69,1-73,6 trieu d6ng/tau/nam. D8 bao ve va phat trien ben viing nguon lgi hai san a Hai Phong thi can phai han chi, cit giam va tiSn toi cam hoan toan hoat dgng ciia nghe luoi keo o vimg ven bo. Tuy nhien, de dam bao sinh ke cua nguoi dan thi viec cat giam nay phai thuc hien theo lp trinh va d6ng thoi thuc hien 5 nh6m giai phap: 1) Chuyen doi ngh6 nghiep, 2) Giai phap ve khoa hpc cong nghe, 3) Tang cuong cong tac quan Iy, kiem soat, giam sat, 4) Giai phap giao due nang cao nhan thiic, 5) Giai phap ve eg che, chinh sach.
Tir khda: Cd tgp, nghe lu&i keo, im nhudn, gidi phdp, vdng bien ven biy.
CURRENT FISHING ACTIVITIES OF OTTER TRAWL FLEETS IN COASTAL AREAS OF HAI PHONG AND MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS ABSTRACT
The otter trawl fleets m coastal areas of Hai Phong are mainly small-scaled with low engine capacity (68.4% has a engine capacity of less than 20 cv) and average length of vessels rangingfi'om 10.15 + 13.16 meters. This kind of fishing is highly mvasive to marine resources The survey results show that all fleets use the mesh size which violates fisheries resources protection regulations: the percentage of trash fish was high, accounting for 37.7% of totaloutputs, and the average profit of the fleet was relatively low, rangmg from 69.1 - 73.6 million VND/fleet/year. For the protection and sustainable development of marine resources in Hai Phong, it is necessary to restrict, reduce and possibiblyprohibit fishing activities of trawl fleets in 36 I TRl/C(NG DAI HQC HAl PHONG
coastal areas. However, to ensure the Hvelihoods of the fisherman, the reduction must follow the blueprint and implement five groups of solutions concomitantly: 1) change of occupation, 2) solutions of science and technology, 3) promotion ofthe management, control and supervision, 4) spread of education for public awareness raising, 5) solutions on the policy mechanism.
Keywords: Trash fish, trawl fishery, profit, solutions, near shore waters.
1. M O DAU
Luoi keo Id mpt trong nhiing nghe co tinh xdm bai eao den ngu6n Igd vd moi truong song cita eae loai hdi sdn. Nhd nuoc da co ehinh sach cam phat trien va khong cdp gidy phep khai thac moi cho cac tau lam nghe nay.
Tuy nhien, o Hai Phong hien nay, so luonng tau luoi keo ven bo van ton tai va phat trien tuong doi nhieu, ddy Id mpt thach thiic edn giai quyet voi cac CO quan qudn Iy ngdnh tai dia phuang.
Bai bao nay se danh gia hien trang nghe luoi keo ven bo 6 Hai Phong, qua do, de xuat cac giai phap qudn ly nghe nay dya tren eac co so khoa hpc. Ket qua nghien euu nay se giiip cdc nha quan ly o Hdi Phong tham khdo de qudn ly nghe luoi keo ven hij nhara gidm tac hai ciia nghe ndy doi voi nguon loi hdi san.
2. DOI TlTONG VA PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU
2.1. Doi tirong nghien cuu Dpi tau lam ngh6 luoi keo don khai thac hai sdn ven ba a Hai Phong (dpi tau eo tong eong suat may chinh nho hon 90cv).
2.2. Phuong phap nghien cihi 2.2.1. Phuangphdp thu thdp so lieu - Di^u tra thii cap
Dieu tra thii edp dupe tien hanh thong qua cac co quan quan ly nghe cd cua Hdi Phong (Chi cue Thiiy san Hdi Phong) vd
Trung uang (T6ng eye Thuy sdn) ve so lupng, eo edu dpi tau theo nghe, theo cong sudt.
Thu thdp s6 lieu thong qua viec phong van tryc tigp cac cdn bp quan ly tai dia phuong v6 thyc trang vd dinh huong quan ly nghe luoi keo duoi 90cv.
- Dieu tra so cdp
Duoc tien hanh thong qua phong van trye tiep ngu dan lam nghe luoi keo theo mdu in san. So lieu phong van gora: thong so tau thuyen, ngu ey, cac thong tin ve boat dpng khai thac, hieu qua kinh te ciia tau...
2.2.2. Phuang phdp phdn tich so liiu So lieu dieu tra dupe nhdp vdo co sa dii lieu Excel d6 luu trii va xd ly. Sti dung phuong phap thong ke de xir Iy va loai trir cac sai so cho dii lieu thu thdp.
- Ndng sudt khai thdc.
CPUE^-y]CPUE
Trong do: CPUE: Nang suat khai thac trung binh cua dpi tdu (kg/tau/ngdy)
CPUE/. Nang suat khai thac ciia tdu thii i (kg/ngay)
CPUE, = ^
C,: Sdn luong khai thdc trong nam eiia tdu thti i (kg)
F,: So ngdy khai thdc trong nam cua tau thii i (ngdy).
TAP CHI KHOA HQC, St 28, thang 5/2018 37
n: T6ng s6 tau dupe khdo sat (tau).
- Cdc ehi so kinh ti eua dgi tdu: dugc tinh trung binh cho mgt ndm.
+ T6ng doanh thu (DT, trieu ddng):
dupe xdc dinh bdng t6ng gia tri cua tong sdn lupng khai thae theo thdi gia tai thoi diem ban.
+ TSng chi phi (TC, trieu ddng): duoc tinh bdng t6ng chi phi bien doi, chi phi co dinh vd chi phi luang eiia tau:
• Chi phi biSn d6i: la tong cae chi phi boat dpng bao gdm chi phi nhien lieu, nu6c dd, thyc phdm, ehi phi sira chiia nho, va chi phi khac (khong bao gora chi phi lao dpng).
• Chi phi ed dmh: Id tong eac chi phi ve khdu hao phuong tien khai thde, lai sudt vay vdn, bdo hiem, thue vd chi phi siia chiia lan.
• Chi phi luong: Id tong chi phi tra luong cho ngudi lao ddng tren tdu.
+ Loi nhudn rdng (LN, trieu ddng):
dupe xac dinh bang tdng doanh thu trir di tdng ehi phi sdn xuat (chi phi bien ddi vd chi phi cd dinh).
Bang 1: C o cau tau thuyen khai
+ Vdn ddu tu (V, trieu dong): dupe tinh bdng tdng sd ti6n ddu tu vd tau, may tau, trang thi^t bi tren tau va ngu cy.
+ Doanh Ioi (DL, % ) :
DL^ = — T>Lo = DL^ - — 1 TC ^ V ^ DT
3. KET QUA NGHIEN CtTU 3.1. Hien trang doi tau lam nghe luroi keo don ven bo if Hai Phong
3.1.1. Cacdu tdu thuyin
Tinh ddn hdt thdng 12 nam 2017, todn thanh phd Hai Phdng cd 2.142 tau thuydn lam nghd khai thac hdi san d vung ven bd. Trong d6 nghd luoi keo la 16,5%
(353 chide), nghd ludi re 27,2% (584 chiec), nghe edu 8,4% (179 chiec), ngh6 ludi chyp 2,4% (51 chide), cdn lai 45,5%
la lara nghe khde.
Trong tdng sd 353 tau ludi keo ven bcr thi CO 68,4% Id tdu eo edng sudt nho hem 20cv (241 chide), edng sudt tii 20-50cv la 16,9% (60 chide), cdn lai 14,7% la nhdm cdng sudt 50-<90ev (52 ehiec).
thac hai san ven bd^ ciia Hai Phong Dan vi: chiec STT
1 2 3 4 5
Nhom nghe Luoi keo don Luoi re Nghe cau Luoi chup Nghe khac Tdng
Nhom cong suat (cv)
<20 241 508 179 0 776 1.704
20-< 50 60 42 0 0 184 286
50-<90 52 34 0 51 15 152
T6ng 353 584 179 51 975 2.142 Nguon. Chi cue Thuy sdn Hdi Phdng, 2017 38 TRtrCKNG DAI HQC HAI PHONG
3.1.2. Lao dgng nghi lu&i keo dan Trung binh tren mdi tau ludi keo khai thdc ven bd d Hdi Phdng cd tir 2 ddn 3 lao dpng. Chu yeu lao ddng ed trinh do cap I (chiem 65,6%), sd lao ddng hpc cdp 3 chidra ty le rat thdp, vdi 4,9%, dae biet qua khdo sat cho thdy vdn cd khodng 1,6% lao ddng khdng biet chir thara gia khai thac hai san.
70 60 50 40 If) 20 10 0
1,6 Muchft
65,6
• •
• •
1
Cap 1 27,9 Cap 2
1
4,9
Cap 3 Hinh 1: Tnnh do hge vdn eua lao dgng Pin tdu
Nhu v§y trinh dp hpc vdn cua lao ddng tren tau ludi keo ven bd vdn cdn nhieu ban che, Dieu nay anh hudng khdng nhd den viec
ddo tao nghd, chuydn doi nghe nghiep hoac ling dung cae tien bd ky thudt vao san xudt eho ngu dan.
3.1.4. Trang thiit bi trin tdu Trang thiet bi tren tau ludi keo ven bd d Hai Phdng gdra: trang thidt bi khai thac (rady tdi), trang thiet hi hang hdi (may dinh vi, la ban) va trang thiet bi Hen lac (raay thdng tin tdm gdn). 100% cdc tdu dupe khdo sat ddu trang hi day dii may tdi vd rady dinh vi, cd 97,4% tdu trang bi raay thdng tin tdra gdn, trong khi do ty Ie tdu trang bi la ban la 76,0%. Cac tau d nhdm cdng sudt nhd thudng khdng dupe trang hi day dii eac trang thiet hi hang hai vd thdng tin lien lac. Dieu nay la do cdc tdu nay thudng boat ddng sat bd, danh bat trong ngdy, cd the sir dimg mat thudng de dinh vj ngu trudng, hudng hanh trinh, hoac sir dung dien thoai di ddng de thdng tin lien lac vdi nhau.
Bang 2: Trang thiet bj tren tau lirdi keo ven bd^
TT
1 2 3
Nhom cong suat (CV)
<20 20-<50 50-<90 Trung binh
Ty le trang thiet bi (%) May dinh vj
100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0
La ban 69,0 79,8 79,3 76,0
May thong tin tam gan 95,2 97,1 100,0 97,4
May tM
100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 3.1.3. Thdng sd ldu thuyen vd ngu cu
Ket qua khao sat cho thay 100% tau ludi keo ven bd d Hai Phdng dupe Iam bang vd gd theo mau truyen thdng ciia dia phuong va ehi chiu dyng dupe sdng gid nhd hon cdp
5. Kich thude vd tdu cd sy khdc nhau giiia cac nhdm cdng sudt, ehidu dai trung binh vd tau dat tir 10,15-13,16 met, chidu rdng tu 3,49-3,94 met vd chidu cao ta 1,46-^-1,63 met (Bang 3).
TAP CHI KHOA HOC, S6 28, thang 5/2018 I 39
Bang 3: Kich thadc trung binh vd tau TT
1 2 3
Nhom cong suat (CV)
<20 20-<50 50-<90
ChiSu dai (m) 10,15±1,59 12,60±1,20 13,16±0,96
Chieu rong (m) 3,49±0,36 3,86±0,31 3,94±0,32
Chieu cao (m) 1,46±0,11 1,31±0,21 1,63±0,31 Ngu eu su dung la dang ludi keo don 2 Kich thudc mat ludi tnmg bmh d phdn thdn (01 tdra lung vd 01 tdm byng), cd sir dut dat hi 23,0 - 24,2 mm. Can eir theo Thdng dyng ludi ehan. Gieng phao vd gieng chi eua
ludi lara bang vdt lieu PP, vdi dudng kinh tir 10-^12 ram ddi vdi ddy gieng phao vd dudng kinh tir 12-^14 mm ddi vdi day gieng chi.
Chidu dai gidng phao, gieng chi tdng dan theo edng suat may tau (Bdng 4).
tu sd 02/2006/TT-BTS hudng dan thi hanh mpt sd didu cua Nghi dinh sd 59/2005/ND-CP thi bdu hdt cdc tau lara nghe ludi keo ven bd d Hai Phdng ddu vi pham ve kich thudc mat ludi cho phep. Ddy ciing Id thyc trang chung ciia nhieu dia phuang d nudc ta.
Bang 4: Thong so ngir cu ludl keo ven bd" of Hai Phdng TT
1 2 3
Nhom cong suat (CV)
<20 20-<50 50-<90
Chieu dai gieng phao (m)
19,4±2,3 20,7±2,0 21,7±2,7
Chieu dai gigng chi (m)
26,6±2,6 27,3±2,2 28,7±3,0
Kinh thiroc m^t luoi or dut (mm)
23,0±2,0 24,2±2,4 24,2±3,1 3.2. Hieu qua boat dpng cua doi tau
3.2.1. Von ddu tu
Vdn ddu tu tang ty le thuan vdi nhdm cdng suat tau, trung binh dao ddng tu 204,3 - 396,1 trieu ddng/tdu tuy theo nhdm cdng sudt.
Bang 5: Von dau tu trung binh cua nghe lirdi keo ven bo*
Trong tdng vdn ddu tu, von ddu tu cho vd va may tau chiem ty le nhieu nhat, khoang 78,6%, vdn dau tu cho trang thiet bj chiem khoang 12,4% vd ngudn vdn ddu tu cho ngu cu chiem ty le thap, khoang 9,0%
tdng ngudn vdn.
TT 1 2 3
Nhom cong suat (CV)
<20 20-<50 50-<90 Trung binh
Von dau tu- (trieu d^ng) Vo va may tau
145,5 196,0 332,6 224,7
Trang, thiet bi 34,6 34,9 36,9 35,5
Ngucu 24,2 26,0 26,7 25,6
T6ng cong (trieu d6ng)
204,3 256,9 396,1 285,8
40 I TEircUNG DAI HOC HAI PHONG
3.2.2. Ndng sudt khai thdc Nang suat khai thdc cua cdc dpi tau tang din theo nhdra cdng sudt may tdu. Nang sudt khai thdc cua dpi tau cd cdng sudt nhd hon 20cv dat 93,8 kg/nga>^ dpi tau 20-<50cv dat 108,9 kg/ngay vd dpi tau 50-<90cv dat 114,2 kg/ngay.
Ca tap la ddi tupng chiem ty le cao nhat trong thanh phdn sdn lupng eua nghe ludi keo don ven bd, ehiem 37,7% tdng sdn lupng; tiep den la tdm, chiem 34,3%; ca xd, chiem 19,7%; rayc, chiem 4,5% vd eua/ghe, ehiem 3,8% tdng san lupng ddnh bdt. Mac dit
san lupng khai thac ca tap chiem phan Idn san lupng khai thac, nhung ddy ehu yeu la cac Ioai cd non, ehua trudng thanh nen gia tri kinh te khdng cao.
Ty le ca tap trong cac me ludi cua nghe ludi keo cao, cho thdy hien trang chdt lupng ngudn Ipi hai san dang ngay cdng bi suy gidm nghiem trpng. Cac ddi tupng c6 gia tri kinh te dang ngay cang bi can kiet. Dieu nay se gay dnh hudng ldn den ddi song edng ddng ngu ddn khai thac hdi sdn ven bd ndi chung va nghe ludi keo ndi rieng.
Bang 6: Nang suat khai thac va ty le thanh phan san lirong Idiai thac TT
1 2 3
Nhom cong suat (CV)
<20 20-<50 50-<90 Trung binh
Nang suat Idiai thac (lig/ngay) 93.8±39,3 108,9±52,3 114,2±48,8 105,6±46,8
Ty le thanh phan san ph^m (%) Ca x6
20,0 21,5 17,5 19,7
Mirc 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5
Tom 37,0 31,0 35,0 34,3
Ghe 4,0 3,5 4,0 3,8
Ca tap 34,5 39,5 39,0 37,7 3.2.3. Lgi nhudn cua cdc dgi tdu
Doanh thu ctia dpi tau ludi keo ven bd d Hdi Phdng cd xu hudng ty le thuan vdi nhdm edng sudt. Doanh thu trung binh trong rapt nam cao nhdt Id dpi tdu cdng suat 50-
<90cv, dat 570,5 trieu ddng/tau/nam, thap Bang 7: Hieu qua
nhat la ddi tdu cdng sudt nhd hon 20cv, chi dat 431,4 trieu ddng/tdu/ndm. Tuy nhien, tau cd cdng suat cang eao thi chi phi chuyen bien lai Ion, do do loi nhudn trung binh eua tdu lai khdng cd sy ehenh lech nhau nhieu, trung binh dat 72,1 trieu ddng/tdu/ndm (Bang 7).
Idnh te cua ddi tau
TT 1 2 3
Nhom cong suat (CV)
<20 20-<50 50-<90 Trung binh
Doanh thu (trd/tau/nam)
431,4 508,4 570,5 503,5
Chf phi (trd/tau/nam)
362,3 434,8 497,1 431,4
Lgi nhu^n (trd/tau/nam)
69,1 73,6 73,4 72,1
TAP CHI KHOA HOC, So 28, thang 5/2018
3.2.4. Doanh lai cua cdc dpi tdu Ty suat loi nhuan tren tong chi phi (DL,), ty suit loi nhuan tren v6n dSu tu (DL2) va ty suat lgi nhuan tren doanh thu (DL3) cua cac tau lam nghS luoi keo ven bo 6 Hai Phong co xu huong giam theo nhom cong suat Ty so DLi dao dong tir 14,8^19,1%, ty s6 DL2 trung binh tir 18,6-33,8% vaty s6 DL3 dat tir 12,9*16,0%.
40 30 1 20 111 10 \
0 L_
ODLl 33,8
16.0
<20
muLi
K 4 28 6
1
Ll t
20-<S0 HDL3
14,9 18,6
2.9
S0-<90
Hinh 2: Doanh lgi cua dgi ldu lu&i keo theo nhdm cdng sudt Theo kdt qua nghien ciiu ciia Nguydn Phi Todn (2017), chi sd doanh loi theo chi phi (DLi), vdn ddu tu (DL2) va doanh thu (DL3) ciia cdc dpi tau ludi keo ven bd d nude ta trung binh dat Idn luot la 14,3-21,5%, 15,0--2I,7% va 14,7-21,2%.
Nhu vdy hdu bet cac chi sd kinh te ciia ddi tdu lam nghe ludi keo ven bd d Hdi Phdng ddu thdp hem so vdi trung binh ciia ea nude. Tuy nhien so vdi cac nghe danh bat ven bd khde thi cac ehi sd nay van tuong ddi cao, dieu dd cd nghTa la ede tdu ludi keo ven bd vdn hoat dpng ed hieu qud ve mat kinh te, day chinh la ly do ma ngu dan van tiep tuc sir dung nghe ludi keo de khai thdc hdi san, radc dii nha nudc da cd ehinh sach cdra phat trien.
4. De xuat cac giai phap quan ly nghe lirol keo ven bd" ff Hai Phdng
4.1. Cac can cir de xuat 4.1.1. Cas& thuc tiin
Tir ket qua phdn tich thyc trang nghe
ludi keo ven bd d Hdi Phdng eho thdy:
- Hdu hdt tdu thuydn cd edng sudt nho (68,4% la tdu nhd hon 20cv) boat dpng 6 viing bidn ven bd, nhirng tdu ldp may tii 20-
<90ev theo quy dinh thi khdng dupe phep boat dpng d vung bien ven bd nhung thyc te van thudng xuyen boat dpng d viing nay.
- 100% tau ddu cd kich thudc mat ludi d phdn dut vi pham quy dinh eiia Nhd nudc vd bao ve ngudn loi.
- 100% tdu lam nghe ludi keo ven bd d Hdi Phdng Id ludi keo day nen thudng xuyen ehd xat day bien gdy tdn hai nghiem trpng den he sinh thai nen day, cd bien, san hd...
4.1.2. Tie kit qud phdn tich hogt dong cua nghi luai keo ven b&
- Ket qud dieu tra eho thdy, sd luong ca non, chua trudng thdnh trong tdng sdn lupng khai thde ehidm ty le rdt ldn (37,7%). Ddy la nhung doi tupng danh bdt cd kich thudc nho hon kich thudc cho phep khai thdc. Dieu nay khdng nhirng lam radt gia tri kinh te ma con gdy tdn hai nghiem trpng den ngudn Ipi hai sdn, lam tang mtic dp tdn thdt sau thu hoach.
4.1.3. Cas&phdp ly
Nghi dinh sd 33/2010/ND-CP quy dinh tdt ea eac tau ldp rady edng sudt tir 20cv trd len khdng dupe boat ddng khai thae thiiy san trong vimg bd.
Thdng tu sd 02/2006/TT-BTS va Thdng tu sd 62/2008/TT-BNN quy dinh tau thuydn lam nghd ludi keo ca day khdng duoc boat dpng tai viing bd, (tni tau thuyen ldm nghe ludi keo rude).
- Chi thi sd 3727/CT-BNN-TCTS ngay 05/5/2017 ctia Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat tdh ndng thdn vd viec tang cudng edng tac quan ly khai thdc thuy sdn cho ngudi, tdu ca hoat ddng tren bien.
42 I TRirCflVG DAI HQC HAI PHONG
Vdi nhtmg quy dinh nhu tren thi ed nghta Id tir ngay 15/06/2010 trd di bdt ky tdu ludi keo nao ciing khdng dupe boat dpng trong toan vung bien ven bd Viet Nara. Didu nay cung dupe hieu la tir nay trd di tai vung ven bd khdng edn nghe ludi keo hoat ddng niia. Van de edn lai la ldm the nao de thyc hien dupe quy dinh dd.
4.2. Be xuat cac giai phap quan ly De bdo ve va phat trien ben virng ngudn loi hdi sdn d Hdi Phdng ndi rieng va cd nudc ndi chung tbi ede nhd quan ly phai ban ehe, cat giara va tien tdi edm hoan toan nghe ludi keo boat ddng d vung ven bd. Tuy nhien, dd ddm bdo sinh ke eiia ngudi dan thi viec cat giam nay phai thyc hien theo lp trinh, ddng thdi tien hdnh cdc gidi phdp nhu sau:
4.2.1. Giai phdp chuyen doi nghe nghiep - Nhiing tdu thuyen cdn chat lupng tdt, ngu ddn cd nhu cdu va kha nang chuyen sang boat ddng eac nghe khai thdc khac nhu ludi re, nghe vdy, nghe cdu... cdn tao dieu kien tdi da ve eo ehe, ehinh sdeh, ngudn vdn, ddo tao nghe cho viec chuyen ddi nghe. Tuy thudc vao kinh nghiem, nhu cdu, truyen thdng boat ddng de chuyen nghe phu hpp.
- Tau ed ehdt luang tdt nhung ngu dan khdng ed nhu edu vd kha nang chuyen sang nghe khai thac khac cdn cd hudng chuyen ddi sang lam cac nghe nhu dieh vy, nudi trdng, che bien thuy san bode Iam cac nghe khac ngoai ITnh vyc thiiy sdn.
- Nhiing tdu cd chat luong kem, khdng cd kha ndng tiep tyc boat dpng, khdng ddm bao an todn thi phai bat buoc phdi giai ban.
4.2.2. Gidi phdp ve khoa hoc cong nghe - Thiet kd, cdi tidn ngu cu cd tinh chpn lpe tdt ban: sir dung mdt ludi hinh vudng thay eho mdt ludi hinh thoi, thay the vdt lieu chi ludi ...
- Nghien ciiu ap dung va lap dat thiet bi thodt ca con: ISp ddt thidt bi thoat ca con d phdn chiia ca dang ludi mat vuong hoac mpt so loai thidt bi khde cd khd nang gidi thodt cho eae ddi tupng ea non.
4.2.3. Tdng cUdng cong tdc qudn l^, kiim sodt, gidm sdt
- Ca quan Khai thac bao ve ngudn loi thuy sdn, Thanh tra thuy sdn phdi hpp vdi bd dpi Bien phdng td ehirc kiem tra, giara sat chat che boat dong ciia tdu thuyen khai thde thuy san tren vung bd eua dia phuong.
- Tang chd tdi xii phat ddi vdi nhung tau thuyen vi pham: tich thu phuong tien hoac tude gidy phep khai thac eua nhiing tau cd tinh vi pham (vi phara Ian 2).
- Ddi vai cdc eo so ddng sua tau thuyen: Qudn ly chat che, sau 5 nam ke tu ngay cap mdi gidy phep khai thac, khdng eho sita ehiia, edi hodn ede tdu cd cdng sudt 20 cv. Khdng cho cac tau ca cai hoan, chuyen ddi tu nghe khac qua nghe ludi keo.
4.2.4. Gidi phdp gido due ndng cao nhdn thuc
- Cdng tdc tuyen truyen edn dupe trien khai ddng bp, thudng xuyen nhdm ndng cao nhdn thtic eua ngudi ddn ve viec bao ve vd phat tridn ngudn Ipi thuy san.
- Td ehiie cac Idp tap huan cho can bd, ehinh quyen, hpe sinh eac trudng tren dia bdn eac huyen, xa vd cdng ddng ngu ddn ven bien ve cdng tac bao ve ngudn loi, dnh hudng cua nghe ludi keo ven bd den ngudn Ioi va radi trudng sinh thai vung bien.
Thdng bao rdng rdi cac viing cam khai thdc, han che khai thdc tren vimg bidn.
Cac loai nghe anh budng den ngudn loi da hi cdm den cdng ddng ngu dan ven bien.
4.2.5. Gidi phdp ve cache, chinh sdch Trien khai cac Nghi dinh, dd an.
TAP CHI KHOA HQC, S6 28, thang 5/2018 43
chuang trinh cua Chinh phu vd khai thac thiiy san nhu Nghi dinh so 33/2010/ND-CP ve phan chia vimg bidn; Chuang trinh bdo ve vd phat tridn ngudn loi thtiy san theo Quyet dinh sd 188/QD-TTg; Quydt dinh sd 375/(^-TTg vd td ehirc lai san xudt khai thac hai sdn tren bien ... can cir vdo thye trang tdu thuyen vd trang bi, thye trang khai thac, tiem nang ngudn loi, trinh do cdng nghe, ngudn vdn ciia dia phuong.
- Phdi hpp ciing he thdng ngdn hdng xdy dyng CO ehe hd trp ngu ddn vay von sam tdu vd trang bi nhdm chuydn ddi nghe khai thac hai san ven bd; xdy dyng giai phdp tieu thy hai sdn theo chudi, ndng cao chat lupng san phdra khai thdc. Ngoai ra, thyc thi chinh sdch cd hieu qud cdn ndng eao nang lye can bp, nhdn thtic ciia ngu ddn vd cdng bang trong chinh sach.
5. K E T LUAN VA KIEN NGHI 5.1. Ket ludn
- Dpi tdu ludi keo ven bd d Hdi Phdng cd quy md nhd: 68,4% la tau cdng sudt nhd ban 20cv, ehidu ddi vd tdu trung binh tir 10,15-^13,16 met, mdt sd trang thiet bi hang hai va thdng tin lien lac edn thidu.
- Lai nhudn trung binh ciia cac tau lam nghe ludi keo ven bd d Hdi Phdng dat khoang 72,1 trieu ddng/tau/nam. Tuy nhien, cac chi sd DLi, DLa vd DL3 cua dpi tdu Iai thdp hon so vdi trung binh cua ca nudc
- Hdu bdt eac tau ddu vi pham vd kich thudc mdt ludi cho phep.
- Ty le ca tap chidra tuong ddi cao trong thdnh phdn san lupng (khoang 37,7%
tdng san lupng). Day chii yeu la cac lodi ca non, chua trudng thanh, gia trj kinh ti khdng cao.
- Dd bdo ve vd phat trien ben vimg nguon Ipi hdi san, ban che, cdt gidra va tien tdi cam hoan todn nghd ludi keo boat dpng d viing ven bd Hdi Phdng, cdn phdi thuc hien eac gidi phap ve ehuyen ddi nghg nghiep; giai phdp ve khoa hpc cdng nghe;
giai phap ve giao due ndng cao nhdn thiic;
gidi phap ve tang cudng cdng tac quan ly, kiera soat, giam sdt va gidi phap ve ca che chinh sdeh.
5.2. Kidn nghi
- Cdn tang eudng vd dieu chinh cac chinh sach hd trp cua ciia thanh phd nhu h6 trp ngu dan, tiep tue dau tu, vuon khai danh bdt, dieu chinh mdt sd npi dung uu dai, hd trg dau tu ehuyen ddi nghe, cdng nghe mdi trong khai thae hai sdn.
- Cdn cd CO che thdng thoang hon ve vdn vay uu dai trong ITnh vye ddu tu mua sdm trang thiet bi, ngu cy... vdi thd chdp hpp ly vd ddm bao viec thu hdi vdn.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. ^^yenYmKhmg (2011), Nghien cuu ca sa khoa hgc phuc vu cho viic dieu chinh ca cdu dot tdu vd nghi nghiep khai thdc hdi sdn, Bao cao tdng ket dd tai, Vien Nghien cira Hai san.
2. Nguyen Phi Todn (2017), Nghien cuu hodn thiin dut lu&i mat vudng cho nghe lu&i keo day khai thdc hdi sdn ven ba nham bdo vi vd phdt triin ngudn lgi hdi sdn, Bao cao tdng ket, Vien nghien ciiu Hdi san.
3. Bd Thuy san (2006), Thdng tir sd 02/2006/TT-BTS Hudng ddn thye hien Nghi dinh cua Chinh phii sd 59/2005/ND-CP ngay 04 thang 5 nam 2005 vd didu kidn sdn xudt, kinh doanh mot sd ngdnh nghd thuy sdn.
4. Chinh phu (2010), Nghi dinh sd 33/2010/ND-CP ngay 31/3/2010 ciia Chinh phii ve qudn ly hoat ddng Khai thac thiiy san cita td ehiie, ca nhdn Viet Nam trdn cac viing bidn.
44 I TRlTOfNG D ^ HQC HAI PHONG
