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THUC TRANG NGUON NHAN LUC LOGICTICS D VIET NAM
• LE TH! KHANH NHU - D 6 TH! THANH LAN
T6MT1T:
Trong nhiJng nam gan day, ciing vdi siT phdt trien cua cac nganh nghe trong nen Idnh te, nganh Dich vu logistics Vidt Nam da c6 nhffng bifdc phat trien vi/dt bac va tiem nSng tang tnrdng to Idn. Chi sd'nSng liTc hoat dong logistics - LPI (Logistics Performance Index) 2018 cua Viet Nam du'dc Ngan hang The gidi cong bo' trong bao cao thang 07 nam 2018, theo dd Viet Nam dUdc xe'p hang 39/160 nifdc tham gia dilu tra, tang 25 bSc so vdi x^p hang n5m 2016 (64/160). DSy IS k6't qu^ cua nhiJng chinh sdch, chien Iifdc diing d^n va kip thdi ci3a Nha ntfdc, ciing vdi srf nd hie khong ngiJng ciaa cac doanh nghiep nganh Dich vu logistics ViSt Nam.
Tuf khoa: Ngu6n nhSn liJc, nganh dich vu logistics.
l.D^tvS'ndl
Nguon nhan liJc ngdnh Logistics - mpt y6'u to' cot loi gdp phan vao sif phdt trid'n cija nganh, dang phai do'i mat vdi nhilu van de nhif thie'u ve so' lifdng nhdn siJ, ye'u ve chd't lifdng chuyen mon, cac cd hpi phat trien trong ngdnh mpi each binh dang va bin viJng. Chinh vl vay, viec danh gid thiJc trang nguon nhdn life logistics mot each tong thi, day du phan anh chinh xac tinh hinh thiJc td' thi trtfdng lao dpng va viec d l ra cac chid'n lifdc phat trien ben vffng nguin nhan liJc ngdnh logistics Viet Nam dang la ydu cau ca'p thid't trong giai doan hien nay.
2. Thii'c trgng ngudn nhSn li^c logistics d Vi$t Nam hi$n nay
2.L Cong tdc tuyen dung nhdn vien logistics cua doanh nghidp
Thie'u hut nhdn siJ la mpt trong ba va'n dc gay kho khan cho cdc cong ty logistics trong hoal dpng kinh doanh cua minh. Theo cong bo cua Sdch trd'ng Logistics Vidt Nam 2018 (VLA), hien nay.
nganh Dich vu logistics Viet Nam c6 khodng 4.000 doanh nghiep hoat dong chuydn nghidp, trong do 54% so' doanh nghiep tap trung tren dia ban thanh pho' Ho Chi Minh, nhu cau ve nguon nhan SLT logistics Id rat Idn. Du" bao de'n nam 2030, nhu cau nhan life ehuyen nghidp cho todn nganh la 200.000 nhan sif, trong khi kha nang dap u'ng nhu cau nhan sif chi dat khoang 10%, mot con so' vo ciing khiem ton.
Ngoai ra, xu the' hien nay eac doanh nghiep 1dm dich vu logistics van trap trung nhieu vao mang dich vu giao nhan vd khai bdo hai quan. Tuy nhien, can lifu y la vdi viec dp dung thong quan nJ dpng 100% qua he thong VNACCS/VCIS, trong tifdng lai vide tuyen dung nhdn vidn d vi tri thong quan hang hda cd the se giam va Ihay vao do la sU gia tang nhu cau tuyen dung vi tri cong viec phii hdp xu thd' phat trien mot so' ITnh vyc dich vu logistics mdi nhif nhan vien thifdng mai dien tii', nhan vidn dieu pho'i ddn hang chdng cud'i (last mile dilivery).
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2.2. Cdng tdc ddo tao nhan vien logistics cda doanh nghifp
Va'n de dao tao thifdng xuyen, dao tao ngan han cho nhan vidn trong doanh nghidp ngay cang difdc ehu trpng, bdi le cdc khda hpe ehinh la ed hpi de nhdn siJ cua doanh nghiep difdc cap nhdt, trao d6i va chia se kie'n thu'c chuyen nganh cung nhif kinh nghiem lam vide. Do dd, cdc doanh nghiep chu trpng dao tao npi bp (chiem 37,1% tren tong so tra ldi), cif di hpc ngan han va cae khoa dao tao ben ngoai chie'm tren 27% trong t6ng so tra ldi. Sau khi tuyen dung, thdi gian dao tao lai nhdn vien logistics cua doanh nghidp thu'dng chie'm tiJ 6-8 tuan vdi ty Id tren 37% trong tong so tra ldi, difdi 4 tuan la 27%
trdn t6ng so tra ldi, ddo tao lai trong 3 thdng chie'm ty trpng 17% trong tdng so'tra ldi va tif 4 thang trd Idn Id khodng tren 15% trong tdng so' tra Idi. Cdc doanh nghiep cung cho bidt sau khi tuyen dung, doanh nghiep cd tien hanh dao tao hpi nhap, dao tao ve cdng viec trong qua tiinh lam vide van tie'p tuc dao lao, boi du!dng nhan vidn, cd nhu" vay mdi d^m hao chat lu'dng eua nhdn vidn logistics. Dieu ndy cho tha'y cac tnfdng cd ed hpi cung cap cdc khda dao tao ngan han (difudi 8 tuan) cho nhan vien mdi, hoac nhan vien hien dang lam tai cac cdngty logistics.
2.3. Tinh hinh lidfng cho nhdn vien logistics trong doanh nghidp
Vd'n dl lifdng thu'dng dd'i vdi cac vi tri cdng viec dtfdc cac u'ng vidn tuyen dung quan tdm hdng dau, ben canh vi tri cong vide va dilu Iddn Idm vide cung nhif yeu cau cua vide eua nhd tuye'n dung. Dd'i vdi nganh Logistics, cac vi tri cong viec rat da dang vii phong phu, tiJ ede vi tri edng viec nhan vien van hdnh kho, nhdn vien giao nhan, thifdng vu, nhan vien ldi xe tai, xe nang, den nhdn vidn khai bao hai quan, dieu pho'i vSn tdi,... Dd'i vdi nhan vien logistics mdi vao nghi, miJc lifdng tif 5 den difdi 7 tridu dong/ngifdi/thang. Do'i vdi nhdn sif cd kmh nghidm trdn 3 nam, miJc lu'dng co stf gia tang dang ke. Idn mtfc 11 uieu dong/ ngtfdi/ thdng va mpt so' vi tri dat hdn 15 trieu dong/ ngtfdi/thdng (nhan vien kho. \cp dd hang, hai quan va lai xe tai), bdi vdi kinh nghidm dtfde tich luy. nhdn stf logistics da cd nhifng ddng gop nha't dinh vdo thanh cdng va stf phat trien chung eua doanh nghiep.
2.4. Bdc tranh tiAfng lai ve nghe nghidp logistics
Thtfc te eho tha'y, stf khac bidt ve muc tieu thifc tdp va nhdn thtfc tap chinh Id rao can Idn trong viec td chiJc thifc hien thtfc tap tai doanh nghiep.
Qua phan dnh ttf eac doanh nghiep, phan Idn sinh vien khi den d l nghi ditac thtfc tap dIu rat quan lam vide doanh nghiep cd sdn sdng cung ca'p &6 lieu thtfc te' de sinh vien dtfa vao bao cao thtfc tdp hay khdng, vi ddy la mpt ydu cau rd't quan trpng tCf phia ed sd ddo tao, nham dam bao viec sinh vidn ed tie'p can thtfc te' doanh nghiep. Trong khi dd, ve phia doanh nghiep, mdc dii rat san sang tiep nhdn sinh vien thtfc tap, nhiftig vi bi mat kinh doanh, vide cung ca'psd' lieu thtfc td' se phai han che, nenddy ehinh la rdo can cua doanh nghidp trong khi hd trd sinh vien. Ngodi ra, vdi bd'i canh hdn 90% doanh nghidp logistics Vidt Nam la doanh nghidp vtfa va nhd, thdm chi la sieu nhd, vide cho ehinh nhdn stf trtfe tie'p htfdng ddn sinh vidn theo quy trinh bdi ban se thtfc stf gay ra ap life cdng viec eho ehinh nhdn stf htfdng ddn. Tuy nhien, van cd rat nhieu doanh nghidp thdm chi cd xdy difng kd' hoach tiep nhan thtfc tap vd bd' tri nhdn stf phu trach cong tdc thtfc tap. Ke't qua khao sat cho thd'y cd khoang 12% trdn tdng s6' tra ldi cho bie't khdng gap khd khan gi khi tie'p nhdn sinh vien thifc tap tai doanh nghiep minh.
3. MOt s6' giai phap phat tri^n nguin nhdn Itfc cho nganh Logistics of Vidt Nam
3.L Cong tdc tuyen dung
De nang cao tinh hieu qua trong cdng tde tuyIn dung nhan stf, viec can lam ngay Id phai cd nhiJng dtf bao phii hdp ve xu htfdng phat trien cua ngdnh dich vu logistics, xac dmh nhu cau tuyen dung cua doanh nghidp. Dieu nay khdng chi giiip eho doanh nghiep logistics ddnh gia dtfdc tinh hinh nhdn stf trong doanh nghidp ma con giiip cac cd sd ddo tao cd cdn ctf tuyen sinh va dao tao sinh vien ddp tfng dtfdc thi trtfdng lao ddng. Dd' dat dtfdc kd't qud khi quan, doanh nghidp vd ed sd ddo tao phai ed mdi quan he hdp tac chinh thdng, dtfdc thtfa nhan, gin chat quyin ldi va trach nhidm cua hai bdn trong vide xac dinh cdc chtfdng trinh hdp tdc giila hai ben, va'n de htfdng nghidp cho sinh vien, cam kd't hd trd thtfc tap vd viec Idm cho smh vien sau khi
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QUANlRI-QUANir
tdt nghiep cua doanh nghidp. Ngtfdc lai, cd sd gido due cung phai dam bao ty le thdi gian doanh nghidp tham gia vao edng tdc dao lao Irong nha trtfdng, gdp phan giam bdt thdi gian va chi phi ddo tao lai cua doanh nghiep khi tuyen dung.
3.2. Cdng tdc ddo tao
Thtfc te' cho thay, Chinh phu vd Nhd ntfdc ra't quan tam de'n cdng tac ddo tao ngudn nhdn Itfc logistics, thd hidn qua ban hanh cae chinh sach.
Trong dd, ndi bat Id Quye't dinh sd 200/QD-TTg cua Thu ttfdng Chinh phu, da de ra 6 nhdm nhiem vu, trong do ed nhiem vu "dao tao, nang cao nhdn thtfc vd cha't Itfdng ngudn nhan life" chii trpng vao day manh dao tao logistics d bde Dai hpc, ndng cao sd Itfdng va chd't Itfdng giang vidn v l logistics vd kd't ndi cac td chtfc ddo tao, doanh ngiiiep logistics Vidt Nam vdi eac td chiJc dao tao ntfdc ngoai. Thdng ttf sd 24/2017/TT-BGDDT ngdy 10/10/2017 da ban hdnh danh muc gido due, dao tao cd'p IV trinh dd dai hpc, trong dd cd md nganh ddo tao logistics. Thdng ttf sd 06/2019/TT- BLDTBXH bd sung nganh, nghe dao tao vao danh muc ngdnh, nghi ddo lao cd'p IV trinh dp tmng cap, trinh dp cao ddng ban hdnh kem theo Thdng ttf sd 04/2017/TT-BLDTBXH ngay 02 thang 03 nam 2017.
Ben canh dd, trong bdi canh ngudn life ddo tao cdn thid'u (dpi ngii giang vidn tai cdc trtfdng, nhdn sif htfdng dan thtfc tap tai doanh nghiep) vd chi tap trung d cae thdnh phd' Idn, trong khi nhu cau dtfdc hpc tap va dao tao phd bien tren dia ban ca ntfdc.
Do dd, ra't can cd stf quan tdm cia Nha ntfdc nham d^u ttf xdy dtfng nen tang trtfe tuye'n ddo tao logistics (E-plalform) Id ndi chia se tai lieu hpc tdp, gidng day, mang Itfdi ke't nd'i giang vien vd ngtfdi hpc, e-leaming, ket nd'i ed sd dao tao va doanh nghiep tuye'n dung theo diing xu the' cua nIn kinh td'chia se (sharing economy).
3.3. GiSchdn nguon nhdn Idc logistics Gidi phap ve duy tri ngudn nhan Itfc logistics gan lien vdi vd'n d l Itfdng thtfdng vd che' dp dai ngo nhan vidn. Theo do, doanh nghidp can tdng mtfc Itfdng tdi thieu theo gia thj trtfdng vd tham khao theo quy djnh eua Nhd ntfdc theo so' nam co'ng hid'n va kinh nghiem lam viec cua nhan vien. Song song dd, doanh nghiep cln dap tfng cac
phuc ldi tdt nha't cho cdc nhan vien theo Luat Lao ddng. Viee xet tang ludng hdng nam ndn tie'n hdnh theo kd't qua kinh doanh vd KPI eua nhan vien cung nhtf duy tri thtfdng thang Itfdng thtf 13.
Vide thtfdng kjp thdi theo thang, quy, hoac nhtfng ket qua khac qua nang sud't lam vide va cac sang kie'n - giai phap lam ldi cho doanh nghidp gdp phdn thiic day stf htfng khdi Idm viec va sang tao cua nhan vidn.
3.4. Cdi thifn ndng lUc cua nhdn Idc logistics trong xu the cdch mang cong nghidp 4.0
De cai thidn nang Itfc cua nhan lufc logistics trong xu the' each mang cdng nghidp 4.0, can tdp trung vao 5 nhdm giai phdp Idn:
Mot la, nha trtfdng ky ke't hdp ddng chie'n Itfdc vdi cde doanh nghiep logistics de phat trie'n ngudn nhan life, dac biet la nhan Itfc chat Itfdng cao trong bd'i canh hien nay da cd them nhtfng tieu chi, dieu kien rang bupe bdi ddi hdi stf ddi mdi trong cdng tac ddo tao, nham nang cao cha'l Itfdng dau ra dap tfng yeu eau doanh nghidp.
Hai la, can day manh edng tdc dtf bdo nhu cau thi trtfdng nhdn Itfc trong ttfdng lai gan va xa hdn.
Ddy Id npi dung can dtfdc dac biet quan tam, bdi cudc each mang cdng nghiep 4.0 se cd tac dpng ra't Idn tdi cd ed'u cua nln kinh te', kha nang suy giam, tham ehi bie'n md't cua nhieu nganh nghe ciing nhtf stf xuat hien mdi cua nhffng ngdnh nghe trong ttfdng lai ia hoan loan cd the' xay ra, dieu nay se ddn tdi nhffng thay ddi ra't Idn trong cd cdu vide lam.
Ba Id, stf ke't hdp eua 3 "Nhd": Nha trtfdng - Nha khoa hpc - Nha doanh nghidp trong dao tao nhdn Itfc phue vu cdch mang cdng nghiep 4.0 can dtfa tren nguyen tac trach nhidm - chia se ciing phdt trien binh ddng va ben vffng.
Bon Id, nang cao nhan thtfc cua xa hdi ve dao tao nghe, mdt trong nhifng giai phdp then chdt la cdng tac truyen thdng, quang ba hinh anh ve giao due nghi nghiep nham thay ddi nhan thtfc xa hdi tao stfc hut, stfc ha'p ddn cua he thd'ng giao due nghe nghidp dd'i vdi ngtfdi dan, doanh nghidp va xa hpi.
Ndm Id, ngtfdi hpc phai ehu dpng trong viec Itfa chon nghe nghidp va tich etfc hpc tap, ren luyen ky nang, dac biet la ky nang giao lie'p va ngoai ngff.
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lAP CHi CONG THlfdNG
4. Ket lu§n Gido due nghi nghiep can ban hanh cac yeu cau Vdi xu the phat trien cua nganh Logistics va ve tieu chu^n nghe, tieu chu^n ky ning nghe.
thdi dai ciia cSch mang cong nghiep 4.0, cac dich Vdi stf k6't hdp doanh nghiep va nha tn/dng, cdc vii logistics mdi gia tang, doi hoi cao hdn yeu cau tieu chuan nghe, tieu chuan ky nang nghe can ve nhan lUc chd't lifdng va sang tao. Vi vay, Hiep diTdc xdy dt/ng phu hdp, cap nhdt dinh ky va ddp hpi Doanh nghiep dich vu logistics Vi6t Nam, i]*ng nhu cau nhan li/c cija ngdnh Logistics Ban TtJ van dao tao nganh Logistics va Tong ctic Vigt Nam •
TAI LIEU THAIVl KHAO:
1. Dang Dinh Bdo (2018). Gido trinh qudn tri Logistics. Nha xuat ban Tai chinh.
2. Walter L. Wallace, Yusen L. Xia (2014), Delivering Customer Value through Procurement and Strategic Sourcing: A Professional Guide to Creating A Sustainable Supply Network. Pearson FT Press.
3. Suman Sarkar (2017). The Supply Chain Revolution. Amacom.
Ngay nhSn bai: 4/6/2020
Ngay phan bi$n danh gia va sii'a chiJa: 14/6/2020 Ngay chSfp nhan dang bai: 24/6/2020 Thdng tin tdc gid:
1. ThS. LE THI KHANH NHlf 2. ThS. D 6 T H I THANH LAN
TriTcfng Cao dang Cong Thi/(ftig mien Trung
THE STATUS QUO OF THE HUMAN RESOURCES FOR VIETNAM'S LOGISTICS INDUSTRY
• Master. LE THI KHANH NHU
• Master. DO THI THANH LAN Mien Trung Industry a n d Trade College ABSTRACT:
Along the growth of Vietnam's industry sectors, the country's logistics industry has made dramatic progresses in recent years with great growth potential. According to the Word Bank's Logistics Performance Index (LPI) pubUshed in July 2018, Vietnam jumped 25 spots in the index, ranking 39th among 160 countries. This achievement is thanks to the timely and effective policies and strategies of the Government of Viemam as well as persistent efforts of Vietnam's logistics enterprises.
Keywords: Human resources, logistics industry.
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