Binfc DOT PHH CUD PHinmG PHflp m HOC TfcH circ
TRONG DAO TAO THEO TJN CHJ 01 TRlTdNG DAI HOC HONG DlTC
O TS. LE THI PHUONG*
T
hue hien Quyet dinh so 31/2001/QD-BGD&DT cua Bp GD-DT vd Nghi quyet cua Chinh phu so 14/2005/NQ-CP, tu ndm hpe 2 0 0 7 - 2 0 0 8 , Trudng Dgi hpc Hdng Due bdt ddu thye hien d d o tgo bde d g i hpc he chinh quy theo hpe ehe tin ehi (TC). Su ehuyen ddi tu ddo tgo theo nien che sang ddo tgo theo TC ddn den sy thay dd'i d tdt cd cdc khdu cuo qud trinh gido dye:
myc tieu mdn hpc, n d i dung chuong trinh, de cuong mdn hpe, g i d o trinh, phuong p h d p d g y hpe (PPDH), phuong tien d g y hpe, td chuc day hpe vd kiem tra ddnh g i d . Trong su ehuyen ddi mpnh me dy, phuong phdp dqy hoc tich eye (PPDHTC) dd ed mot
bude dot phd.
1. Phuong p h d p tich cue (Active method) Id mdt thudt ngCr rut gpn, dupe dung «de ehi nhijng PP dgy hpe theo hudng phdt huy tinh tich eye, chu ddng, sdng tpo cua ngudi hpe" (1). De phdn biet
vdi cdc phuong phdp (PP) thy ddng, PP tich eye Bdng so sdnh tren cho thdy, diem thay ddi (PPTC) ed 5 ddu hieu dpc trung co bdn sou: Id'y ^dn bdn nhdt trong cdu true de cuong mdn hpe hpe sinh (HS) Idm trung tdm, thdng quo td chuc ^^^ JQ \^ ^ j^r phdn bd gidm sd tiet hpe li thuyet, cdc hopt ddng hpe cuo SV, chu trpng ren luyen fg^g jjg'f ^.^Q fh^rc hdnh, thdo ludn, seminar vd ty PP ty hpe, ke't hpp day hpe ed the vd dgy hpe hpp \^^^ ^^^ s y . Ddc biet, myc 8 (gdm 8.1 vd 8.2) dd tdc, ke't hpp ddnh gid eua gido vien (GV) vd ty ^[^^ fjg'j ^ ^ ^ ^^'j J^ng dpy hpc den tung tiet hpc ddnh gid eua SV. ^ trong mdi tudn ung vdi cdc hinh thuc tdchuc day
2. Ddi mdi cd'u fruc npi dung cue de cuomg ^^^ ^^j j ^ j ^ g ^[^f^f^ ^^^ hoa^ d5ng, cdng viec mdn hpc theo TC tqo ro bude dot phd trong g y ^^^ | ^ ^ ^^.^^^^ |^^,j ^jg-p \^p p^ph gid ke't qud
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8.1
8.2
9 10
11
Cau true npi dung cua d§
cuong mon hoc theo TC Thong tin ve mon hoc Thong tin ve giang vien Cac mon hoc tien quyet Muc tieu cua mon hoc Tom t§t noi dung mon hoc Npi dung chi tiet mon hpc (ten cac chuong, muc, tieu muc) Hoc lieu
Hinh thifc to chirc day hoc:
Lich trinh chung: Lich hpc, chu d4 cija cac buoi hpc, ngay thi, ngay l<iem tra ngan Lich trinh cu the cho tung npi dung: Npi dung day hpc - tuan hpc; hinh thdc day hpc (li thuyet, seminar, thao luan nhom, tu hpc); yeu cau sinh vien chuan bi
Chinh sach doi vdi mon hoc Npi dung kiem tra, danh gia;
hinh thirc kiem tra danh gia;
each kiem tra danh gia ket qua hoc tap mon hoc.
1 TC = 15 ti§t len ldp + 30 ti4t chuan bi ca nhan = 45 tiet
Cau true npi dung eua de cuong chi tiet hoc phan theo nien ehe Thong tin ve hoc phan Dieu kien tien quyet Muc tieu eua hoc phan
Mo ta van tat noi dung hoc phan Npi dung ehi tiet hpe phan (ten cac chuong, muc, tieu mue).
Tai lieu hpc tap Nhiem vu eua SV
Tieu ehuan danh gia ket qua hpe tap eua SV va thang diem.
1 don vi hpc trinh = 15 ti4t len lop + 15 tiet chuan bi ca nhan = 30 tiet
PPDHTC
2.1. Su khac nhau giua ca'u true npi dung cua de cuang mdn bgc theo TC vd cau true npi dung cua de cuang chi tiet hgc phan theo nien che (xem bdng)
Tap ehi Giao due s6 2 3 7 (ki i • 5/2010)
hpe tdp mdn hpe cuo SV dya tren cdc edn eu:
diem ddnh gid thudng xuyen (30%), diem kiem tro giiJo ki (20%), diem thi eudi ki (50%). Ddy Id
* TrUdng Dai hpc Hong Biic - Thanti Hba
#
nhijng thay ddi cd y nghTa quan trpng tgo bude trong g i d li thuyet theo hpe che TC, chung toi ngodt cho ddi mdi PP dgy hpe theo hudng phdt thudng su dyng ke't hop PP thuyet trinh kieu dqt huy tinh ndng ddng, tdng cudng tfnh ty chu vd vd gidi quyet vd'n de vdi PP dgy hpe bdng ede tfnh ehuyen edn trong hogt ddng hpc tdp eua SV. hogt ddng khdm phd ed hudng ddn.
2.2. Nhung ddi mdi ve PPDH a gia hgc li Neu khdm phd trong nghien cuu khoa hpc thuyet vd gid thdo ludn theo TC nhdm phdt hien nhijng dieu lodi ngudi chua biet, a) Su dyng PP thuyet trinh dqt vd gidi quyet thi trong hpc tdp Id «khdm p h d " ra nhung hieu vd'n de ket hgp vdi PPDH bang cdc hoqt dpng biet mdi dd'i vdi bdn thdn. SV se thdng hieu, ghi khdm phd ed hudng ddn nhd vd vdn dyng linh hogt nhung kien thuc minh - PP thuyet trinh dqi vd gidi quyet vdn de. Thuyet dd ndm dupe quo hopt ddng khdm phd cua chinh trinh Id PPDH d dgi hpc cd lich su ldu ddi. Khde minh. Tuy nhien, ddy khdng phdi Id mdt qud trinh vdi PP thuyet trinh kieu thdng bdo - tdi hien dupe md mdm ty phdt md Id mdt qud trinh ed hudng su dyng chu yeu tu trudc tdi nay, kieu thuyet trinh ddn cuo GV.
ndy cd ddc diem nd'i bdt Id GV khdng thdng bdo V i dy, dgy Lap de cuong cho van bdn (4), GV tri thue khoa hpc dudi dgng cd son md ddt ro thie't ke mdt hogt ddng khdm phd tren phieu hpc vdn de cdn nhdn thuc, rdi ddn ddt SV theo ddi tap nhu sou: Nhd tho To Hu'u viet «di sdng dep la qud trinh gidi quyet vd'n de dgt ra thdng qua he the ndo hoi bqn"? Anh (ehi) hay tim cdu trd Idi thdng cdu hdi vd ket ludn. V i dy, dgy Xdc dinh trong cupc sdng vd trong van hgc.
chu de chung vd chu de bp phdn cua van bdn - Yeu cdu 1: lap de cuong so lupc cho de vdn tren.
«Sijc khde vd the dye" cua Hd Chf Minh (2). - Yeu cdu 2: Trd Idi cdu hdi sou vd rut ro npi Vdn de edn ndm rd d ddy Id: Chu de Id gi? Chu dung ghi nhd: De cuong cua vdn bdn Id gi? Tdc de chung cuo vdn bdn Id gi? The ndo Id chu de dyng cuo de cuong trong qud trinh too lap vdn bd phdn eua vdn bdn? De kich thich tu duy tich bdn? Cd mdy Icx3i de cuong? Bdng cdch ndo de eye cua SV, tdng cudng mdi lien he ngupc giiJo xdy d y n g de cuong cho vdn bdn? (mdi phieu ngudi hpe vd ngudi day, chung tdi su dyng xen hpc tap cd nhiem vy gidi quyet yeu cdu 1 vd mpt ke hinh thuc vdn ddp nhu neu cdu hdi cho SV, cdu hdi d yeu cdu 2)
khuyen khich SV neu cdu hdi xung quanh vd'n b) Ddi mdi PP thdo ludn vd td chuc seminar.
de GV vua ddt ra. Seminar Id hinh thuc td chuc dgy hpc eo bdn d Vi dy: Dogn 1) Neu len vai trd cuo sue khde; dgi hpe, trong dd sinh vien thdo ludn cdc vdn de Dogn 2) Phdn tich viec luyen sue khde ai eung khoa hpe dd ty tim hieu duqc dudi sy hudng ddn nen Idm vd tdc dyng cuo tap the dye mdi ngdy; cua GV. Ddo tpo theo hpe ehe TC gidm li thuyet Dogn 3) Ddn chung nhd tap the dye eua Bd GD- hdn Idm, tdng thue hdnh ung dyng dang Idm dd'i DT dpy cho ddng bdo tap the dye de giij gin sue mdi ndi dung cuo nhijng g i d hpc seminar, Idm khde; Dopn 4) Khdng djnh gid trj to Idn eua sue cho seminar trd thdnh nhung budi «Thdo ludn khde vd khuyen nhu ddng bdo ed gdng tap the phdt trien". O d d , SV dupe dpy cdch suy nghT, dye. GV ket ludn: Vd'n de chu yeu dupe qudn triet biet phdn tfch phe phdn nhung y kien khde nhau trong ndi dung eua mdi dopn vdn Id chu de bp trudc mdt chu de neu ra, biet lap ludn de bdo ve phdn; vdn de chu yeu dupe the hien xuyen sudt y kj§'n cua minh trude tap the, biet suy nghT ve quo todn bd vdn bdn thdng qua ede chu de bd mdt vd'n de dudi nhieu gdc dp, Idm ndy sinh cdc phdn Id chu de chung. «Vdn de chu yeu dupe thdc mdc.
qudn triet trong ndi dung mdt vdn bdn theo mdt V i dy, td chuc thdo ludn vd seminar ve «Cdeh khuynh hudng tu tudng nhdt djnh Id chu de" (3). ddt ten de tdi nghien cuu khoa hpe" do SV tu - PPDH bdng ede hoqt dpng khdm phd ed chpn (dgy mdn PP nghien cuu khoa hgc], gdm:
hudng dan. Theo PPTC, dgy hpc khdng ehi don SV trinh bdy ten de tdi khoa hpe len bdng; SV gidn Id cung cdp tri thue md cdn phdi hudng ddn jdng nghe Idp nhdn xet, gdp y ve ten de tdi (tinh hdnh ddng nhdm giup SV hpc de hdnh, hpc de mdi cuo vdn de nghien cuu, myc tieu nghien cuu, trd thdnh ngudi tu chu, ndng ddng vd sdng tpo. mdi trudng chua dung myc tieu vd phuong tien Dieu ndy phu hpp vdi dgc diem cua ddo tgo theo thye hien, dien dgt ten de tdi); SV gidi ddp y kien hpe che TC: Idy ngudi hpc Idm trung tdm, gidm If thdc mdc cua ede bgn trong Idp vd ldp ludn de thuyet hdn Idm, tdng thye hdnh ung dyng. Vi vdy, bdo ve y kien cuo minh; SV neu ra cdc cdu hdi
Tap ehi Giao due so 2 3 7 (ki i . 5/2010)
dd'i vdi G V ve cdch chpn vd'n de nghien cuu vd Idm the ndo de cd de tdi nghien cuu?...
c) Gia tdc su dyng cdng nghe thdng tin (CNTT) trong dgy hgc theo TC d cdc mdn khoa hgc xa hpi. Lf do tdng dot bien nhu cdu su dyng CNTT trong g i d day theo TC: He lyy cuo dgy hpe theo nien ehe Id PP thuyet trinh kieu thdng bdo - tdi hien. GV nghien cuu kT ndi dung tdi lieu rdi dung Idi trinh bdy Ipi ndi dung dd. SV tiep thu, ghi chep ddy du ndi dung GV dd thdng bdo, dung tri nhd de ndm ndi dung bdi hpc vd nhdc Ipi khi cdn. Vdi cdch dgy vd cdch hpe ndy, CNTT trd nen xo Ip, khdng phdt huy dupe tdc dyng. Viec dp dyng ddo tgo theo TC dd Idm thay ddi nhdn thuc cua GV vd SV ve voi trd cua CNTT trong dgy hpc hien nay. Khi phdn mem tin hpc dd dupe dua vdo he thdng qudn li ddo tgo vd dupe ndi mpng tu trudng den cdc khoa, ban, bd mdn vd SV thi CNTT dupe xem Id mdt cdng cy thdng minh vd Id ddng lye quan trpng trong viec ddi mdi ndi dung, PP, phuong thuc day hpe d dpi hpe. Hien d Trudng Dpi hpe Hdng Due chiem tdi d0% gid day cdc mdn khoa hpc xd hdi dp dyng CNTT.
Sou ddy Id mdt so lopi CNTT duqc dp dyng trong day hpe theo TC:
- Internet, giup GV vd SV chu ddng tro cuu vd truy cap cdc thdng tin lien quan den mdn hpc nhu de cuong mdn hpc, tdi lieu thom khdo, bdi gidng cuo GV, thdng tin ve GV, thdi khda bieu, ket qud hpe tdp mdn hpc cua SV, nhung trao ddi cua SV vdi GV ve ndi dung mdn hpc. Ddc biet, Internet giup gido vien ndng coo tiem lye dgy hpc. Cdng cy Google vd cdc website se giup GV, SV thodt khdi tinh trpng day hpc chay vd mu thdng tin. Bd sung vd cap nhdt thdng tin ddi mdi PPDH; PTDH; khai thdc tranh, hinh dnh vd cdc tu lieu phCi hpp vdi ndi dung mdn hpc.
- Microsoft PowerPoint giup GV ddi mdi trinh bdy de cuong bdi gidng tu kieu bien sopn truyen thdng Id trinh bdy he thdng kien thuc bdi hpe mong tinh hdn Idm vdi cdc hopt ddng day cuo GV ehuyen song thiet ke cdc hopt ddng hpe tap eua SV ung vdi ndi dung hopt ddng vd hinh thue hopt ddng ey the vd nhung kien thue, kT ndng edn dgt. Ndi dung bdi gidng dupe trinh bdy trpng tdm, g p n , rd chu yeu qua so dd khdi, bdng bieu giup SV de ndm bdt ndi dung bdi hpe, kich thfeh khd ndng suy ludn phdn dodn, hpn ehe ghi chep mdy mdc; tdng cudng phdt
thdo ludn.
Tinh ndng vupt trdi cuo Microsoft PowerPoint edn the hien d kien thue cuo bdi hpe duoc khoi thdc dudi dgng vdn bdn ket hpp minh hpa tranh, hinh dnh Idm tdng them sue thuyet phye Idi cudn eua bdi hpc, Idm ndy sinh edm xuc, kich thfeh suy nghT vd hdnh ddng hpe tap cuo SV.
- Computer kit hgp vdi mdy chieu Projector.
Idm thay dd'i PPDH eua gido vien. Cdng nghe thdng tin phdt trien eung cdp cho GV nhieu phuong tien Idm viec hien dpi. Nhung phuong tien dd khdng ehi dung Igi d muc dp minh hop kien thue md dd trd thdnh cdng ey nhdn thue tgo nen nhung thay ddi rd ret ve PPDHTC trong gid len Idp cuo hp.
- Mdy chieu Overhead \arr\ thay ddi cdch hpe eua SV. SV phdi hopt ddng nhieu hon: quan sdt ndi dung hpe tdp -> neu cdu hdi nhdn thuc -^ tu duy de trd Idi cdu hdi tim kiem kien thue —>
thdo ludn -> ty rut ra ket ludn -> ghi nhd vd van d y n g vdo thye hdnh luyen tap. M d y chieu Overhead cd the phdng to mdt each tryc quan ede thdng tin phdn hdi cuo SV khi thye hdnh bdi tap ren luyen kT ndng. Tu ddy se ndy sinh nhijng thdc mdc vd gidi ddp thdc mdc, kich thich nhu cdu trao ddi thdng tin, nhu cdu ddi thoai, trao dd'i, thdo ludn giiJo SV - SV, giua SV - GV ve npi dung bdi hpe, phdt trien d ngudi hpe khd ndng lap ludn vd cdch thuc trinh bdy vdn de gdy gpn, thuyet phye.
• «•
Ndi dung dpy hpe vd PPDH Id hoi thdnh td quan trpng ed mdi lien he mat thiet vdi nhau. Ddi mdi ddo tpo theo TC d Trudng Dpi hpe Hdng Due khdng nhung Idm thay ddi triet de tu duy dpy hpe Idy ngudi hpe Idm trung tdm md cdn Id mdt cu hich bien chu truong day hpc phat huy tich eye, chu ddng cuo chu the ngudi hpc thdnh hien thye sinh ddng trong nhd trudng. G
van
