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irii III mi'Ci " W i i f n i i r ^ —

Thuv trqng iw ffv cho KH&CN

cua doanh nghiep Yiel Nam

TS Liftfng Mirth Hudn Phdng ThiMng m^i v ^ C5ng n g h i l p V i f t N a m ThS Nguyin Thi Thiiy Di/tfng Tru&ng Dgi hpc ThiWng mgi

iTi^ I f - l ^ f u"""" " ^ " ' f "''"" ^^ '*^° '^' "^ ~ " 9 "9"^ '='^'' Tdng cue Tho'ng ke nam

6,23%). Kef qu^ nay cho thay, van con mot t* le Idn doanh nghigp Viet Nam chUa quan tSm de'n cac ho^t dung R&D. Bay la mot han che I6n c£ia cac doanh nghiep Vi§t Nam, nhat la trong boi cinh h6i y nhap quoc te ngay cang manh me. Thong qua cac so' lieu tho'ng ke, bai vie't lam ro hdn nang luc khoa

" ^ ^ ' " " " S "9"? (KH&CN) va th^c tr?ng dau fUcho KH&CN cQa cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam, fiJdd cho thay sU c3n fhiet phii c6 cac chinh sach hap ly de cii thien thUc trang nay '

M M • * c « H M b j cta t i e i n i i l i •grnta MJt Kan _ Phin loai Irlnh dfl edng nghJ theo tieu ehuin eua Td chdc Phit triln cflng nghijp LiJn hijp qudc (UNIDO) cho Ihly, c i e doanh nghijp ViJt Nam v5n chu ydu IhuJc nhdm eong nghJ thip. N i m 2010 tJ IJ doanh nghijp hopt ddng Irong cic nginh cdng nghj thip (chd bidn thuc phdm, del may, gd_) chidm 46,9%, gilm nhp xudng cdn 44,2% vio nim 2014.

Trong khi dd, c i e doanh nghijp hoat ddng trong oic nginh edng nghj cao vSn chidm ty id thip, dd cd ting Id 15,8% n i m 2010 Un 17,3% nirii 2014

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«m — 30% — 2 0 % — * ' 10% - -

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heo Mnh di cdng nghi gig, doan 2010-2014 (Ngudn: Ting cue Thing ki)

Trong B i o c i o Chi sd ddi mdi sing tao toin c l u (Global Innovation index - G l l ) n i m 2015, Vijt Nam xdp thd 52/141 quoe gia, ndn kinh td (ting 19 b j e so vdi n i m Irudc), Tai khu vpe Ddng Nam A, chl sd Gll cda VIJI Nam xdp thd 3 sau Singapore (sd 7 trong nhdm d i n d i u ) , Malaysia (sd 32) v i xdp trjn Thil Lan (sd 65). Sd dT Vljt Nam cd sp ting b j c manh so vdi n i m 2014 l i do ed sp ting vd didm sd (38,3 diem n i m 2015 so vdi 34,82 n i m 2014), nhd v i o su ISng didm cda c i hai nhdm tidu ehl sd d i u v i o (ting 22 bjc, td 100 Un 78) v i d i u ra (Ilng 8 bjc. Id 47 IJn 39). H l u hdt cic trp cJt cua hai nhdm tidu chl sd eda chdng ta ddu ed sp ting didm v i vi Iri xdp hpng, duy nhll cd tru cJt d i u ra sing tpo k i m hon m j t chdt so vdi nim trudc, glim 4 bjc (td vi Iri 58 xudng 62).

M H M : Ctai D M Cta doaali nghljp M j i a n De ning eao hlJu q u i kinh doanh v i ning suit lao dflng Irong doanh nghljp, m j t Irong nhflng yJu c l u l i phil c i l thIJn ning Ipc edng nghj. Bd Ihly rfl ning lpc cflng nghj eda doanh nghijp Vijt Nam, chdng la hay cung xem xdt sd IIJu thdng kd d i duoc cdng bd.

c b f M N e H E

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(2)

Kfnh chuygn giao cfng nghf

doanh nghljp eua Tdng cue Thdng ke trong narn kJnh dupc cae doanh nghijp coi l i phu hop nhit f i L n l f ^ K " " " ' ""^"^ """^ '^«"8 nghd da duoc t h i nghipp vdn chd ydu Ipa chon hlnh Ihde mua cflng nghj sdn eo da hoin thiJn (4,35/10 didm), BJn S f K • ^ . ' " " ' " 3 ' " "Shidn edu edng nghj trong kinh nn"h^^'-'' ' " ' " 9 " " ^ ''«•= ' * " dung kf nSng v i

doanh nghljp su dpng l i thflng qua cae nhi euno Id ?hd?n H ^ f •''*"3- Hlnh Ihd? liJn kd Vdi el?

doanTngTjp." ' " " " "''" ' ' ^ ^' ^ - " «"> ^^a

(chidm 29,7%). Chl cd 9,3% cie doanh nghijp 11 thuj ngoai hoan toin. Kdt qui nay cho thiy phin nao sp kem phit tridn cie dfln vi cung flng dich vp hfl l y kinh doanh vd edng nghj d Vijt Nam,' khidn oac doanh nghijp vin tp thpc hijn nhflng hopt djng

»iw*Mir liSis, t i £ 2 ^ s;j"**» "SJr^r

•^..-^ r i x "s-sr •rs*'

li-auon. kil qui khio sil doanh nghiip nim 2014 cia Ting CVC mdng ki) Ning lifi: MD trong doanh nghifp

t h „ ' ^ t ^ * ' ° f . ' ' ? " ^ " * ° "^i^^ ""anh nghijp dupe thpc hljn Chu ydu nhdm mpe dich nji bJ cda doanh nghljp 71,2%), Didu niy cd nghra l i cie doanh nghljp Ihpe hipn host ddng nghUn edu nhim oiii hudng ddn bin Ihin doanh nghljp. Chl cd 28 8%

nhim " " " J r ^ ' ' ^ " '"^" •=*"= '"^' *«"3 "Shidn cd^

inh hudng ddn khdng eht doanh nghijp m i odn c i

phim moi ohi voi doanh nghijp (43,5%) hole mdi

fT2]3i-^)'l'T ""'= '^^^'"- <=«'w

IJ rat nhfl (3%) cic doanh nghijp hy vpng eic hoat h i " ^ * ° 1 " ' " ' " " =^ """'9 ddn nhflng sin phim hay edng nghj mdi ddi vdi thi trudng thd gidi

NSng life cii tign cfng nghf

R&D d d ? i ^ , ! f ' T^^ ""^ •='"= " * " ' " "*<> hoat djng chin f i ,S^ L r f ° "ShJ vdi ipl nhuJn khJng ehic oil tUn ch?.n K.'^."' " " " " S ^^ns nghj sin ed v i oai tiJn Chung phu hpp vdi nhu clu v i hoin cinh

Wdm diu tu v/rf f ' " A ""^"^ "S'^'^P "him tim hon t'havvl nhan T f " ' "8hJ mdi v i hiju qui CIO : d r p u L n " h | " . h t n t m r " " ^ " ' ' ' "'^ '""

s t x u l R ^ f l ^ ^ f " T^ "ShJ, miy mdCThid b

2009, xu hudng cii lidn edng n'gh|ed ch?du hudnn Slim vio nim 2013, Ho,l djng R I D nam c A n t i sau khi dat dinh l i 8% vio nim 2010 NhT„ 1 " ' ' ' 83% doanh nghljp khio s l , khflng °fy''dTng''c'!:in

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Stf 9 nam 2016

(3)

lupc c i i l i j n h o j c R&D.

Trong tdng s d doanh n g h i j p thuc hien oac hoat oong e l l tiJn cflng n g h j , may mdc, thidt bl trong n i m 2013, 2/3 sd doanh nghiep da gap p h i i cac Ird ngai. Cung giflng nhu viec ddi mfli edng n g h j , Ird ngpi Idn n h l l eho viee e l l tidn edng nghe eda doanh nghljp la han chd vd lal chinh (7,33/10 didm). Ro rang, v i n dd tai chinh la r i o e i n Idn nhal ddi vdi doanh n g h i j p khflng chi trong cac hoat dflng ddi mdi, c i i tidn cflng n g h j m i c l c i e hoat ddng kinh doanh, n h l l l i ddi vdi cac doanh nghUp nhd va vda R i o c4n IhU hai ddi vdi cae doanh n g h i j p khi thuc hiSn d i lidn edng n g h j la s u thidu vang lue lupng lao d j n g cd trtnh d J va tay nghd. Lao dflng d V i j t Nam tuy dflng vd s d luflng, nhung ydu vd'lay nghd n h l l l i ddi vdi c i c lao ddng ky t h u i t . Ngoai hai r i d c i n chinh trdn, cdn p h i l kd ddn sp ydu kJm vd oo sd ha t i n g ( d l j n , n i n g lupng, d i l dal, giao I h d n g . ) . Bdh vl. nang diim 10(1-a quan lrohg-,lo-iil quan bong)

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Qlsdhatjng atbiii

GiwtlAig vin til

giai doan 2007-2012. Didu n i y chflng td e i c doanh n g h i j p ngay e i n g bd ra nhieu ehi phi cho d o hopt dpng RSD va ddi mdi cflng n g h j . D i y duflng nhu i i mat yeu c l u b i t buflc ddi vdi e i c doanh n g h i j p ndu mudn Hep tuc p h i t tridn.

Vf ngudn vfn cho cac hoat dfng R&D vi ddi mdi cfng nghi: xet vd CO c l u ngudn vdn bd ra dd chi cho e i c hop! d j n g R&D v i ddi mdi edng n g h j , da phdn ngudn vdn nay do doanh n g h i j p tp bd ra, C d nhflng nam, ngudn vdn cda doanh nghUp chidm den trJn 9 0 % CPNC doanh n g h i j p thpc h i j n trong n i m . Ngudn vdn huy ddng Ifl ngan s i c h n h i nude thap v i dang ed xu hudng g i i m xudng. Ngoai hai ngudn vdn nay, e i c doanh n g h i j p oung ed thd huy dpng c i e ngudn vdn tfl nudc n g o i i dd d i u t u eho c i c hoat dpng R&D v l ddi mdi cdng n g h j . Tuy nhidn k h i n i n g huy d j n g ngudn vdn n i y la r l l han chd, trfl trudng hpp cda nSm 2011 (dpi g i n 19%) v i n i m 2013 (dpi g i n 10%). Didu d i n g ehu i 11 khflng p h l i c i c doanh n g h l j p FDI tidp c j n dupc c i c ngudn vdn n i y m l ehinh l i c i c doanh n g h i j p n h i nudc.

H i n d i l r f Silnsng TiWiajciiiijfe tiidilnli laodAng minvjkinii

nghi^dia ngum i n dtng M l * 3: bd ngm doanh nghiip gip phii khi cii Hia cing nghi aim 2013

(Ngudn: kil qui khio sil doanh nghiip nim 2014 cua Ting cue Thdng ki)

Biu tu cho hoft dfng RSD va ddi mdi cfng nghf

Chi phi eho c i c boat d j n g R&D v i ddi mdi edng n g h j trong doanh n g h l j p (gpi t i t l i chi phi nghUn cflu - CPNC) ngay mpt t i n g . Ndu n i m 2007 blnh q u l n mdi doanh n g h l j p chl bd ra k h o i n g 2 4 ly ddng cho CPNC thi con sd nay da t i n g g i p g i n 2

^ trong n i m 2010, dat k h o i n g 5 ty ddng v i d i e biJI l i nSm 2011 da t i n g d j t bidn Un k h o i n g 24 ti ddng, gSo 10 lar so vdi nJm 2007. TJ u CPNC IrJn ldng 5udn vdn, ldng doanh thu cung nhu tdng IBi nh. . - :--udc thud cda doanh n g h i j p cung t i n g Irong

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HJnh 4: ca cSu ngudn v6n chl cho die ho^t afing RSD v6 dSl mdi c6ng ngh^

(Ngudn- xCr Ijf dO H$u lit khio sil doanh nghl$p hing nim c(Ja Tdng cue Thdng kd)

VS ngudn v6n cho ho^t d^ng cii tiSn cdng ngh$:

x6t v4 ngu6n vdn, kinh phf chij ySu cho cdc ho^t d^ng cSr tign cOng ngh0 dgn Xis ngu6n v6n ti^ c6 cua doanh nghidp (chigm 73,07%). tigp dgn \k ngu6n dl vay {chigm 23,17%). CSc doanh nghigp rgt higm khi tigp c | n di/(?c cac ngufin vgn ti^ ngSn sdch nha nudc dg thuc hign cdc ho^t d^ng cdi tign cgng nghg du da c6 cdc ChUdng trinh, cdc q u f cOa Chfnh phu ddnh cho vgn dg ndy.

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'*"'^:'^'<l^l'fhlfoho,ld}ngdll,incdngnghihim20l3 llSuihikilquikhiosildoanhnghlipZmsOU

cua Ting cgc Thing ki)

IU mao h f L ™ ? ^ "'^>'' ^ * ' '^^ "S" 'hidu quy diu nn^a^ u .^P''"'= ""^ '=h° nghUn cdu ddi mdi cflno

"S^f .^°a' f"a R&D va a& mOI eflng n o M i m f l ^

nhflng nim 2008-2ni 1 vTh 7A *i '=*"S "9hJ thi

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Trong nhflng nim gin diy. dd ning cao khi ning cpnh tranh cung nhu Ifl tie ddng lich epe eda nhflng ddi mdi trong efl chd, chinh sieh, d i xudt hijn nhidu ooanh nghljp didn hlnh vd ddi mdi odng nghj. Tuy nhKn ndu nhin mdt cich tdng thd, nhu trdn da phin Sflno h i f ^ " " " . " * > ' "''^" '^ " « " Chjm chap. Hoat khd k b ^ T f ^ •=?•= " " ^ " h nghijp phin Idn gjp kho khin vd vdn. Hau hdt doanh n g h ^ phii huy d l l h r h ^ ' " l i '*' ="*' '=^° " * " ^hS cd didu WJn

<Jd thpc hien hoat dflng R&D hojc nhjn ehuvdn giao Cflng nghj tUn tidn tfl nude ngoi" BJn eanh do i i eae khd khin vd: dji ngu ein bd nghidn eSu rtL H"^ "^.'^ tam huydt, nhjn thflc eda lanh dao doanh nghijp vd ddi mdi cdng nghj, sphd trp cda Nha nuoc chua ddng bJ v i cdn thidu hiju q u i KH«rN'^° " f j ' ' ° ^ " ' ' "ShidP dly manh flng dpnq

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c i c ' S , o " l o ™ " ' "'• "'' ""' *h4o s., doanh nghijp

doanh nghifp. NXB S S h " f K g i a " ""' " * ""* '"^' ''^y2^u]%^lVn'i,^C^;S"i.S^"1i''">''<mpViil

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«S»NGHtVie( Sfi 9 nflm 2016

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