TRUCiNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc sd 41 (12-2019) GOP PHAN XAY DlTNG PHAM CHAT THANH NIEN VIET NAM
THEO DI CHUC CUA CHU TICH HO CHI MINH
• Nguyin Khoa Huy'"' Tom tat
Thanh niin Viit Nam la mdt lue lieong xa hdi to ldn, giir vai trd quan trpng. Hien nay, bin canh nhieng tdm guong sdng dep, vdn cdn mpt bd phdn thanh men sdng thuc dung, thieu ly tudng, phai nhgt niem tin vd vi pham phdp luat. Ddy Id mot thuc te ddng budn vd ddng bdo dpng cho xd hpi. De dao tao "thi he cdch mang cho ddi sau " trd thdnh nhimg ngudi sdng cd ly ludng thi edn bdi dudng phdm ehat cho thanh nien diedi dnh sdng bdn Di ehiie cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh. Dd Id: ren luyen tinh thdn hdng hdi xung phong, khdng ngai khd khan; chdm lo gido due dao due cdch mang; hiedng den phdt tnen con ngudi todn dien.
Tie khda: Thanh nien Viit Nam, bdn Di chuc, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh.
1. Dat van de
50 nam da trdi qua, ke tu ngay ban Di chuc cua Chu tieh Ho Chi Minh ra ddi den nay. Nhung van cdn dau day nhung loi can dan tha thiet cua vi cha gia dan tpc, khong chi doi vdi toan Dang ma cdn ddi vdi thanh men Viet Nam, Thanh nien la nhiing ehu nhdn tuong lai, la the he tre ciia dat nude, la "nhiing ngudi thira ke xay dung chu nghia xa hoi" Trong thoi dai ngdy nay, "su nghiep ddi mdi cd thanh cdng hay khong, dat nude buoc vao the ky XXI cd vi tri ximg dang trong edng ddng the gidi hay khong, cdch mgng Vi$t Nam ed vung bude theo con dudng xa hdi chii nghia hay khdng, phan ldn la tuy thupe vao luc lupng thanh nien" [ 1, tr 53 8]. Vi vay viee boi dudng, giao due pham chat cho the he tre dudi anh sang ban Di chue eua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh vira cd y nghia cap thiet vira mang tinh chien luoe lau dai de phat trien dat nude.
2. Thyc trang pham chat thanh nien Viet Nam hien nay
Xa hdi ddi thay va khdng ngirng phat trien, Trong xa hdi, ed khdng it bgn tre ngay dem miet mai phan ddu vd da dat duoc thanh tich tren nhieu Imh vuc, Tieu bieu nhu, tren ITnh vyc hoc tap cd "cd gai vdng Sinh hoc Viet Nam" - Nguyen Phuong Thdo; d van hoa - nghe thuat ed Hoa hau H'Hen Nie, edn ITnh vuc the due the thao cd eau thu tre Nguyen Quang Hdi.,. Hay ed nhiing viec
'"' Tmcmg Dai hoc Nong lam Thanh pho H6 Chi Minh
Idm nho, nhung da the hien tinh than vd loi sdng cd trach nhiem cua thanh nien, vi nhu em Pham Hihi Khiem - hoe sinh ldp 11 Trudng Trung hpc pho thdng Que Phong, tren dudng di tap the due ed nhat dupe mot chiec vi, ngay sau do em da dang len Faeebook de tim ngudi trd Igi; ehdng thanh nien Nguyen Van Hieu - sau tdt nghiep Dai hoc Y Ha Ndi, mac du dupe nhan vao Idm trong mpt benh vien d Thu do the nhung anh lai viet dem tinh nguyen tham gia du an 585 eua Bp Yte, lam bae sT d vung cao vdi tam mem giiip da nhiing benh nhan ngheo. Khdng ehi sdng cd trach nhiem, co tinh c6 nghTa, mpt sd thanh nien edn anh dung, san sang by sinh tinh mang de ciru ngudi, dau tranh vdi cdi xau, la tam guong sang cho chung ta noi theo nhu:
anh Nguyen Hoang Nam (29 tudi) - thanh vien nhdm "Hiep sT dudng pho" da anh dung by smh khi bat nhdm trom xe mdy; Thieu uy Biii Minh Quy (sinh nam 1993) - mot chien sT cong an tre, da dung cam by sinh khi xa than ciru ngudi giira dong nude lu..
Ben canh nhiing tam guong sdng, nhirng thanh men sdng dep, biet edng hien cho xa hpi, cho dat nude thi ngay nay van cdn mot bp phdn thanh nien sdng thue dung, thieu ly tudng, phai nhat niem tin vd vi pham phap luat Cdc te nan xa hdi nbu' ma tuy, mai dam, ed bae, lira dao, bao lyc gia dinh... dang ngay cdng gia tang trong thanh men. Dd Id nhung hien tupng dang budn, dang bao dong va len dn trong xa hpi, Nhu Ti^n sTTrinh Thi Thuy, Thu tnrdng Bd Van hoa T h i thao Du lich tiing nhan dinh, "nhiing nam gan day, tinh hinh toi
TRUCJNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hpc so 41 (12-2019) pham ma tuy va ngudi sii dung trai phep chat ma
tuy van dien bien phirc tap, gia tang ve so lupng, tinh chat, mire dp ngay eang kho kiem soat han ., Dieu dang luu y, tiong so do, cd khoang 70% sd ngudi nghien dudi 30 tudi, 5% ngudi su dung ma tuy dtudi chua thdnh nien (dudi 18 tudi)" [3].
Hay trong bai phat bieu tgi Dgi hpi Doan toan qudc lan thir XI, Tong Bi thu Nguyen Phii Trong da khai quat ve tinh hinh hien nay la "co mpt bo phan thanh men giam sut niem tin, phai nhat ly tudng each mang, sdng thye dung, xa rdi truyen thong van hod tot dep cua ddn tpc; tham chi cd mpt sd it thanh nien bi cac the lyc xau, thu dich tae dpng, loi keo, kich dong, da ed nhiing viee Idm di nguoe Igi ban chat, truyen thdng ve vang cua Dodn vd trai vdi muc tieu, ly tudng each mang ciia Dang va dan tpc, Tinh trang toi pham vd te ngn xa hdi trong thanh thieu nien dien bien phuc tap"[10], Cd nhieu vu dn md ngudi pham tpi chinh la nhiing thanh nien tudi ddi cdn rat tre nhung cue ky manh dong vd tan ac. Vi nhu: vu an Le Dang Giang (21 tudi) - chi vi nghi ngd ngudi yeu cd bgn trai, Giang da cam dao dam chet ban gai tai phdng tro, sau do khoa cua phdng lai; Vu an Bill Van Cudng (23 tudi) ~ da ra tay giet vp rdi tAm xang dot xac. Thgm chi, chi vi bi trach mang ma Pham Van Tho (28 tudi) da vdc dao chem chet ehinh me ruot eua minh,,, Ben cgnh do, trude sire manh cua ddng tien thi mot sd thanh nien da phat trien mdt each "lech Igc", vi pham gia tri dao diic, vi pham phap luat Chang ban nhu: Ngd Ba Khd (Khd Bdnh), bang su tinh quai eua bdn than va kha nang nam bat tam ly ciia gidi tre, anh ta da kiem duoc mdt so tien kha ldn thdng qua mang xa hdi, vdi nhiing chieu trd ngong cudng nhu, miia quat; chup anh tren dudng eao toe; dot xe may; ndi tuc; den ddnh bae vd to ehirc danh bae.
Day Id mpt thye te dang budn vd dang bao ddng ddi vdi toan xa hoi, De dao tgo "the he each mang cho doi sau" trd thanh nhirng con ngudi tdi gidi, sdng e6 ly tudng, ed ich eho xa hoi, khdng the khong chii trpng den giao due thanh nien, nhdt la giao due pham chat thanh nien dudi anh sang Di chuc cua Bae Ho
3. Boi d u ^ g pham chat cho thanh nien Met Nam theo Di chiic cua Chii tich Ho Chi Minh 3.1. Ren luyen thanh nien tinh than hang hai sung phong, khdng ngai kho khan
Trong thdi dai ngay nay, vdi xu the qudc te hoa todn eau boa, dae bipt la eupc each mgng eong nghiep 4.0 dang dien ra manh me Thanh nien Viet Nam ngay nay can "hang hdi xung phong, khong nggi khd khan, ed ehi tien thii" [8, tr. 516], dong thdi phdl biet nam bat cai mdi, dam nghT dam lam, nang dpng va sang tao. Nhiing tu tudng bao thu, Ige hau, tam ly nggi ddi mdi se phai lui buoc va nhuong cho cho y chi tien thu, cho cac tu tudng mdi, tien bp cua tupi tre Day la dieu can thiet va quan trong doi vdi thanh nien thdi dgi mdi, ciing nhu la ddng lyc thuc day xa hpi Viet Nam phat trien. Tat nhien, khong phdi vi the ma thanh nien bat chap tat cd, chay theo Ipi ich vat chat tdm thudng, xem nhe gid tri truyen thong, de roi vi phgm phdp luat Hay ho chi biet thoa man nhiing Ipi ich cd nhan ma xem thudng Ipi ich cpng dong, tham chi gay hai den xa hdi De tranh mac phai sai lam, mdi thanh men ben cgnh sy nang dpng, sang tao, khat vpng the hien cua tudi tie thi can y thirc vi tri va trach nhiem eiia minh. Hp phai ludn ghi nhd, ban than Id- cdng ddn cua nude Viet Nam doc lap, tu do, cd Dang, ed Dodn cua minh, cd chinh quyen vd la ngudi ehii tuang lai ciia nude nha minh. Chinh vi la ngudi chii tuang lai, Id ngudi ganh vac nhirng nhiem vu to ldn, nhGng trong trach sau nay chp nen toan the thanh nien ta phai biet doan ket, phdn dau thi dua giiip sire vao su nghiep xdy dyng mot nha nude tdt dep - mot nude Viet Nam hoa binh, thong nhdt,
3.2. Cham lo giao due dao dire each mang cho thanh nien
Ben eanh viec ren luyen, bdi duong cho thanh men Viet Nam tinh than "hang hdi xung phong, khdng nggi khd khan, cd chi tien thii" thi "can phai cham lo giao due dgo dire cdch mang cho hp"
[8, tr 516]. Nhung vi sao phai giao due dgo dire each mang cho thanh nien? Giao due dao dire each mang cho thanh nien la mot nhiem vu quan trong cho sy tdn tgi va phat trien cua moi qude gia, Bdi
TRUCiNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc so 41 (12-2019) vi, thanh nien la nhiing ehu nhan, la the he tuang
lai cua dat nude. Thanh nien khi tham nhuan dgo dire each mgng, "ed dgo diic edch mang thi khi gap kho khan, gian khd, thit bgi, cung khdng so set, ryt re, liii bude" [6, tr 282], Ho se biet song, hik hanh dpng diing "vi Ipi Ich chung cua Dang, ciia each mang, cua giai cap, ciia dan tdc va cua loai ngudi ma khong ngan ngai hy smh tdt ca loi ich neng cua ca nhan minh" [6, tr. 282], Do do, bdi dudng pham chat dgo dire eho thanh nien Viet Nam hien nay theo Di chuc cua Chii tich Ho Chi Minh can dgc biet chu trong den giao due dgo dire each mang. Trong cong tdc giao due thi giao due dao ditc each mgng la npi dung quan trong nhat, vi do la yeu to tao nen cai "goc", cdi nen tdng co ban, viing chac cho ngudi each mang, cho the h^ thanh men, Xa hdi Viet Nam ludn can nhimg thanh nien "ed tai phdi cd dire", neu chi cd tdi ma khong ed diic thi rat de tham d hu hoa cd hgi cho dan, cho nude
"Dao dire edch mang khdng phai tren trdi sa xuong. Nd do dau tranh, ren luyen ben bi hang ngay ma phat trien va eung cd, Cung nhu ngoc eang mai eang sang, vang cang luyen eang trong"
[6, tr 292], Vi vay, viec giao due va ren luyen pham chat dao dire cho thanh men phai tien hanh thudng xuyen. Dd la ca mpt qua trinh lau dai vd ben hi, chi can ehung ta chii quan, "budng long"
dao due Id rdt de hi sa nga. Trong xu the kinh te thi trudng, ben canh nhiing mat tich cue thi nd ehira dung nhiing tieu cue, khien ehimg ta de bi cuon vao, va ddi tirong de bi nhat lai chinh la tang ldp thanh men
Trach nhiem giao due dao dire each mang cho thanh nien, trude tien thupe ve nha trudng, ve ngdnh giao due - dao tao, Cd the noi, chinh trudng hoc la noi thuan Ipi nhat de giao due thanh nien tien moi pbuong dien, Trong moi trudng nay, the he tre ed the de dang tiep thu nhirng tri thiie can thiet, nhirng kmh nghiem co bdn de chuan bi bude vao ddi. Nhu Chu tich H6 Chi Minh tirng nhan manh ve vai trd va trach nhiem cua nha trudng, cot nhat la phai day hoc tro biet yeu nude, thuang ndi, phdi day cho hp y chi ty lap ty eudng, quyet khong chju thua kem ai, quydt
khdng chiu lam nd le. Trong thdi dai mdi, cd rat nhieu ly do khien khong it gia dinh khong cd thdi gian quan tam eon cai nhu cdng viee, tien bge, hoan canh .. Nhung khong vi the md quen trach nhiem to ldn ciia gia dinh, cua nhiing bae lam cha 1dm me, Chi cd nha trudng la khdng du, md can cd sy quan tdm ciia gia dinh GiGa nhd trudng, gia dinh phdi cd moi Hen he va su phoi hop de dat hieu qua. Trdnh tinh trang, bd be, phd mac con em cho nha trudng, md thieu sy quan tam, bao ban va day dd tii phia gia dinh, Ngoai ra, cde doan the thanh nien ciing can phai chung tay, xay dung vd ren luyen dao dire cdch mang cho tang ldp thanh nien Bang nhieu bien phap khdc nhau,
"trung uong Doan cdn phai tang eudng ban niia viee giao due tinh thdn yeu nude, giac ngo dao due each mgng cho dodn vien vd thanh nien" [7, tr. 318], Cdc doan the thanh nien cdn Idi cuon cac ban tre tham gia hoat dong, tir do tuyen truyen va giao due Vdi nhung viec lam thiet thyc, cac hoat dpng tren se gdp phan khong nhd trong viec gido due thanh men, giup ho sdng dep hon, cd ly tudng ban. Cd the ndi: "Trudng hoc, gia dinh va dodn the thanh men can chu y den giao dye tu tudng, thdi do boat dpng va smh boat hang ngay eua thanh nien de kip thdi khuyen khieh, uon nan va sua ehira" [6, tr 265-266]. Dd la su phdl hpp mang tinh ddng bp vd chat che de cd the giao due dao due eho thanh men Dae biet, ve phia ban than moi thanh nien, ban ai het hp cdn phdi ty y thuc, nd luc va nghiem tue ren luyen ban than, Cde cd nhan phai xae dinh eho minh mpt loi sdng lanh manh Hp tuyet ddi phai tranh xa nhiing tieu eye, cdm do, te nan xa hpi, luon luon cd y thirc trau ddi dao dire each mgng, biet sdng dep song cd ich Neu mdi thanh nien biet ghi nhd va thau hieu "khdng phdi la hdi nude nha da cho minh nhung gi, Md phdi tu hdi minh da lam gi eho nude nha! Minh phai lam the nao cho ich nude loi nhd nhieu hon?" [5, tr, 455] thi ban than se ed nhOng hanh ddng dimg, nhiing viec lam ed ich Cdn ngupc lai, neu ca nhan chi biet sdng ich ky, "ddi hdi", trdch mdc, ehan nan, be t i c , thi nhiing cam dd se de dang tham nhap.
Tuoi tre can phai hang hai nang ddng, can phai CO mpt loi song dep, 161 song tich cue
TRUCiNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hpc so 41 (12-2019) 3.3. H v d n g den p h a t t r i e n con ngu-o^i
toan dien
Chu tich H6 Chi Minh tiing nhic nhd: "Cd tai md khdng c6 dire vi nhu mot anh lam kinh te tdi chinh rat gidi nhung lai di den thut ket thi chang nhiing khdng lam dupe gi loi ich cho xa hoi ma cdn cd hai cho xa hpi nua. Neu c6 dire ma khdng CO tdi vi nhu ong Byt khdng Idm hgi gi, nhung eung khdng loi gi cho loai ngudi" [6, ti, 172], Tdi vd due la hai yeu td rat quan trpng de tgo nen con ngudi. Khong chi chu trong ren luyen mat dao dire cho thanh nien, ma Dang va Nhd nude cdn can hudng den phdt trien eon ngudi toan dien,
"tiic la thanh nien phdi cd dire, eo tdi" Due - tdi cd quan he bien chirng, tdc dpng qua lai vdi nhau.
Mpt con ngudi "vira ed due vira c6 tai" hay cung chinh la "vira hdng vira chuyen", Giao dye tang ldp thanh men hien nay Id phai "dao tgo hp thanh nhiing ngudi thira ke xay dyng chii nghTa xa hpi vira "bdng" vira "chuyen"" [8, tr. 516]. "Hong"
theo tu tudng cua Bae cd the hieu do chinh la dao diic each mang, pham ehat chinh tii, biet song vi ngudi khae, khdng tu loi, khdng ngai khd khan, gian khd, khong nggi hy sinh vi nude vi dan. Cdn
"chuyen" co the hieu, do la chi tiinh dp chuyen mdn, nang lyc ciia ban than, biet hoc hdi va nam bit cai mdi. Mdt ngudi thanh men can cd ca hai yeu td "vira hong vira chuyen".
Vdi cuoc each mang cdng nghiep 4.0, sy kSt hpp eae cdng nghe lai vdi nhau da lam md di ranh gidi giira vat ly, ky thudt sd va sinh hoc.
Dieu nay da tdc dong khong nhd den ddi sdng xa hoi, tam bien ddi each song, cdch lam viec vd giao tiep cua todn nhan loai, Nd thuc day san xudt, day nhanh qua trinh hoi nhap, phat trien kinh tS d nude ta nhung ddng thdi cung dat ra nhirng thaeh thirc ldn. Mot trong cdc thdch thirc dd Id su thidu hut lao dpng trinh do eao va ky nang chuyen nghiep, De cd the thieh irng va phat triin trong moi trudng mdi, ben canh tu dudng dao dire thi the he tre can nd lye trau ddi trinh dp chuyen mdn, khd nang ngoai ngu, tin hoc Cling nhu thanh thao cae ky nang mem (giao
tiep, lam viee nhdm, ky nang trinh bay, quan ly thdi gian. ,), Menh de "diic" phai cd trudc "tai", khong CO nghTa la xem thudng tai nang ma chiing la dieu kien chp nhau, cung nhau phat trien. Vi mot ngudi neu "cd dire khdng cd tai nhu ong byt ngdi trong chiia, khdng giup ich gi dupe ai"
[7, tr. 399]. N6 ciing nhu "hong", la quan trpng, la cai gdc, nhung neu thanh nien Viet Nam hien nay chi ed "hong" ma khong cd "chuyen" thi muon lam viec gi ciing khd, nhat la khong the dap irng dupe nhiing yeu cau phat trien kinh te, phat trien khoa hpc eiia xa hpi, ciia dat nude.
Vi vay, de phat tnen toan dipn vd ben virng thi can phai ket hpp ea hai mat, thanh nien hien nay cdn vita "bdng" vira "chuyen". 50 nam da qua, nhung nhung Idi dgy cua Ngudi trong ban Di chuc thieng lieng den nay van cd gia tri to ldn.
Dat trong tinh hinh thuc te eua gidi tre hien nay, hoc tgp va lam theo tu tudng dgo diic ciia Chii tich Hd Chi Minh trong ban Di chuc Id viec lam cd y nghTa va mang tinh cap thiet.
4. Ket luan
Nghi quyet Hoi nghi ldn thii bay, Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Ddng khoa X da khang dinh:
"Thanh men la rudng cot ciia nude nha, ehu nhan tuong lai cua dat nude, la luc lupng xung kich trong xay dyng va bdo ve To qude, mpt trong nhirng nhan to quyet dinh sy thanh bai ciia cong nghiep boa, hien dgi boa dat nude, hpi nhgp quoe te va xay dung chu nghTa xa hpi" [2, ti,41]. Trong thdi dai ngay nay, thanh nien Viet Nam dudi dnh sdng tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ndi chung, ban Di chuc thieng lieng ndi rieng can phdi cd gang phan diu, trau ddi pham chat dgo diic de xirng dang vdi tinh yeu thuong, su quan tdm cua Bae, eua Dang va Nha nude. Xung dang vdi vai tro la chii nhan tuong lai cua dat nude, nhu loi Ngudi dan tudi tie nam ndo: "Nhiem vu eua thanh nien khdng phai la hdi nude nha da eho minh nhirng gi. Ma phai tir hoi minh da Idm gi eho nude nha? Minh phai lam the nao cho ieh Ipi nude nha nhieu hon'' Minh da vi loi ich nude nha md hy sinh, phin dau chirng ndo?" [5, tr. 455]./,
TRUCJNG DAI HOC DONG T H A P Tap chi Khoa hoc sd 41 (12-2019) Tai lieu tham khao
[1]. Dang Cpng san Viet Nam (2007), Vdn kien Ddng Todn tap, tap 52, NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia.
Ha Npi.
[2], Dang Cong sdn Viet Nam (2008), Vdn kien Hoi nghi ldn thie bdy Ban Chdp hanh Trung leong Idiod X, NXB Chinh tri Quoe gia. Ha Npi
[3], Hoang Hupng (2019), "Bp Van boa The thao Du Ijch: Tuyen truydn phdng, chdng tpi pham va ma tuy cho hpc sinh, sinh vien", Vdn hod diin tie, http://baovanhoa.vn/van-hoa/artmid/428/
artieleid/23535/bo-vhttdl-tuyen-truyen-phong-chong-toi-pham-va-ma-tuy-cho-hac-sinh-sinh-vien [4]. Ho Chi Minh (2000), Todn tap, tap 6, NXB Chmh tri Qudc gia. Ha Ndi
[5]. H6 Chi Mmh (2000), Todn tap, tap 7, NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia. Ha Npi, [6], Hd Chi Minh (2000), Todn tap, tap 9, NXB Chinh tii Qudc gia. Ha Npi.
[7], Hd Chi Minh (2000), Todn tap, tap 11, NXB Chmh tri Qudc gia. Ha Noi.
[8] Hd Chi Minh (2000), Todn tap, tgp 12, NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia. Ha Npi,
[9], Nguyen Phii Trpng (2017), "Toan van phat bieu cua Tdng bi thu tai Dai hpi Doan toan quoe lanthirXI",rMdi/re, https://tuoitre.vn/toan-van-phat-bieu-cua-tong-bi-thu-tai-dai-hoi-doan-toan-quoc- lan-tiiu-xi-20171211162535078.htin
CONTRIBUTIONS TO CONSTRUCTING THE VIETNAMESE YOUTH'S VIRTUES UNDER HO c m MINH PRESIDENT'S TESTAMENT
Summary
Vietnamese youth play an important role in developing the nation. Currently, besides those youths of living a meaningful life, there are quite a number of them living selfishly without passion, faith and violating laws. This event is discouraging and socially alarming In order to tiain "the next revolutionized generations" filled with ideals, it is necessary to foster tiieir qualities based on the testament of President Ho Chi Minh, This involves training the spirit of enthusiasm, voluntary engagement, and difficulty encounter; self-tiaming revolutionary ethics; proceeding to comprehensive development.
Keywords' Vietnamese youth; the testament; President Ho Chi Minh
Ngdy nhan bdi: 08/10/2019; Ngdy nhdn lai: 25/11/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng: 20/12/2019.
