Qudn ly Tdi nguyen rirng & Moi trirdmg TIEM NANG DU LICH SINH THAI
TAI KHU BAO TON THIEN NHIEN XUAN NHA, TINH SON LA
Nguyin Thi Bich Hao\ Dinh Thi Huong Thao^ Thai Thi Thuy An^
Tran Thi Hmmg'*, Dang Hoang Vuung^
• •''• Truang Dai hoc Ldm nghiep
TOM TAT
Khu bao ton thien nhien (KBTTN) Xuan Nha la mot trong ba khu bao ton cila tinh Son La. Nhan thay nhiing dieu ki6n thuan loi cho du lich sinh thai, nghien cuu tien hanh danh gia tai nguyen thien nhien va nhan van, tren CO so do, de xuat giai phap khai thac tiem nang du lich sinh thai tai KBTTN Xuan Nha. Cac phuang phap nghien cuu chinh dugc sir dung bao gom: dieu tra va khao sat thuc dja, didu tra xa hoi hoc, danh gia tai nguyen tu nhien, danh gia tai nguyen nhan van, xac dinh sue chiia du lich va danh gia tong hgp tai nguyen du lich sinh thai. Ket qua nghien cuu cho thay KBTTN Xuan Nha c6 gia ti8m nang Ion vS cac dang tai nguyen: dia hinh, thuy van, khi hau, thuc vat, dgng vat, he sinh thai, va nhan van cho viec khai th^c phuc vu boat dpng du lich sinh thai. Dua tren ket qua nay, nghien cuu danh gia tong hgp tai nguyen du lich voi cac tieu chi. do hip d§n, vi tri va kha nang tiep can, thai gian khai thac, va siJrc chCra khach du lich cho hai khu vi^c, Dinh Pha Luong va Suoi Con - Ban Kho Hong. Ket qua danh gia tdng hop lan lugt la 3,08 va 3,805. Ngoai ra, du lich van hoa, du ljch thien nhien va du lich egng dong la ba loai hinh san pham du lich c6 tiem nang phat tnen tai khu vuc nghien cuu. Hai tuyen du lich dugc de xuat la: Ha Ngi - Moc Chau - dinh Pha Luong va Ha Ngi - Mgc Chau - Suoi Con - Ban Kho Hong - Ban Thin.
TlT khoa: Du lich sinh thai, khu bao too thign nhien, tai nguySn nhSn van, tai nguySn thign nhiSn, Xuan Nha.
1. DAT VAN DE
Cac khu bao ton thien nhien la nai co nhieu tiem nang cho viec phat trien du lich sinh thai, cu the nhu: tinh da dang sinh hoc cao voi nhieu loai dong, thirc vat quy hiem; tai hau het cac khu bao ton (KBT), dia hinh bi chia cat phuc tap la dieu kien tot cho cac hoat dpng du lich mao hiem; moi truofng khong khi trong lanh la dieu kien giup cho du khach co cam giac thoai mai, giam cang thang; song xen ke hoac xung quanh KBT chu yeu la nguoi dan tpc vai su da dang ve van hoa va nganh nghe truyen thong, phu hop cho viec kham pha ciia du khach. Tren thuc te, a Viet Nam, mpt so khu bao ton thien nhien da phat trien tuang doi thanh cong mo hinh du lich sinh thai nhu KBT: Hoang Lien, Pu Luong, Cue Phuang a mien Bac va KBT York Don, KonCharang... a khu vuc Tay Nguyen (Nguyin Ngpc Quang, 2009). Ben canh nhirng han che chua duac khac phuc, nhung tiem nang cho viec phat trien du lich sinh thai cho thay, neu duac quan ly va van hanh hpp ly, du lich sinh thai co the gop phan dang ke vao viec phat trien ben viing tai cac khu bao ton thien nhien, dac biet la cac vung nui cao va kem phat trien.
Khu bao tdn thien nhien (KBTTN) Xuan Nha la mpt trong ba khu bao ton cua tinh Son
La (Xuan Nha, Ta Xua va Sop Cop). Theo Quy8t dinh s6 2125/QD-UBND ciia Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Son La ngay 13/8/2014 ve viec cong bo quy hoach bao ton da dang sinh hpc tinh San La den nam 2020 va tam nhin den nam 20130, Khu bao ton tu nhien Xuan Nha co dien tich 18.116 ha; phan hang: Du trir thien nhien; phan loai: Tren can; cap quan ly: Cap tinh; thupc dia phan cac xa: Chieng Xuan, Tan Xuan, Xuan Nha (huyen Van Ho) va Long Sap, ChiSng San (huyen Mpc Chau). KBTTN Xuan Nha dupe dac trung bai su da dang ca ve mat khong gian, dia hinh va khi hau, tao nen su da dang va phong phu ciia tai nguyen rung.
Xuan Nha cung dupe biet den voi nhiiu loai thuc vat rimg quy hiem nhu Nghiin, Dinh, Cho chi, Lat hoa... dac biet, su co mat cua mpt s6 thuc vat hat Tran co gia tri cao nhu Thong Pa CO, Bach xanh, Po mu, Du sam, Thong xuan nha... (Dinh Thi Hoa, 2017). Dan s6 sinh s6ng trong viing dem va viing loi KBTTN thupc cac thanh phan dan tpc chu yeu la: Thai, Muong, Mong va Kinh. Trong do, dan tpc Thai chi6m ty le dong nhat va dinh cu chii yeu o xa Xuan Nha, dan tpc Kinh chii yeu song a xa Chiing Son. Canh tac nong nghiep cua nguoi dan dia phuang gom: canh tac liia nuac o cac khu vuc thap (nguai Thai va Muong), canh tac rupng TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 1 - 2019 61
Qudn ly Tdi nguyen rirng & MdJ trirdmg bac thang (nguai Mong), phat nuang lam ray tren niii, chan nuoi gia siic, gia cam... (Dinh Thi Hoa, 2017). Ngoai ra. Ban quan ly cua KBTTN Xuan Nha van dpng nguai dan tham gia bao ve va phong chong chay rung trong khu vuc dinh ky hang nam. Nhin chung, doi song nguai dan con nhieu kho khan, it loai hinh sinh ke, nguai dan con phu thupc nhieu vao rung.
Hoat dpng du lich da bat dau hinh thanh va phat trign tai KBTTN Xuan Nha, nhung chii yeu la du lich tu phat va du lich thien nhien, chua dong gop nhieu vao viec bao ve riing va tao thu nhap cho cpng dong dia phuong. Da co mpt so nghien cuu ve tai nguyen rung va da dang sinh hpc dupe thuc thuc hien tai Khu bao ton nhung chua c6 nghien ciiu nao d^nh gia tiem nang khai thac cac dang tai nguyen phuc vu hoat dpng du lich sinh thai. Do vay, ket qua nghien cuu cua de tai se la nhimg dix lieu dau tien ve tiem nang khai thac tai nguyen thien nhien va tai nguyen nhan van cho hoat dpng du lich sinh thai, gop phan bao ton tai nguyen thien nhien ciia khu vuc, nang cao nhan thiic cua cpng dong ve tai nguyen rung va cac dich vu moi trudng rimg, dong thai cai thien sinh ke cua nguai dan dia phuang.
Nghien ciiu dupe thuc hien nham cac muc tieu chinh bao gom: danh gia tiem nang tai nguyen thien nhien va tai nguyen nhan van cho hoat dpng du lich sinh thai tai KBTTN Xuan Nha. Tren co so ket qua danh gia tong hop, de xuat giai phap khai thac tiem nang cho hoat dpng du lich sinh thai tai khu vuc nghien ciiu.
2. PHU'ONG P H A P NGHIEN CUU Tai khu vuc KBTTN Xuan Nha, dan cu sinh song tai hai khu vuc chinh la: vung dem va vung loi khu bao ton. Do do, de khao sat, nhom nghien ciiu sir dung he thong duong trai nhua di qua cac khu vuc dan cu chinh, xuat phat hi Ban Quan ly KBTTN Xuan Nha (xa Chieng Scm), di theo hai tuyen dieu tra la:
Chieng Son - Pha Luong va Chieng Scm - Chieng Xuan - Xuan Nha. Tai cac diem diiu tra, nhom nghien ciiu tien hanh phong van ban dinh huong cac hp gia dinh, ket hpp vai viec sii dung phieu phong van danh cho nguai dan va can bp chuyen trach hen quan den rimg tai khu vuc nghien ciiu. Phieu phong van dupe
thiit ke voi t6 hop cac cau hoi mo va dong nhSm tim hiiu thong tin vi tiem nang du lich sinh thai, ddng thoi khao sat y kiin, quan diera, va nhan thiic cila nguoi dupe phong van vi nhiing thuan lpi va kho khan cua viec hinh thanh va phat triin boat dpng du lich sinh thai tai khu vuc nghien ciiu. De danh gia luong khach du lich toi da c6 the tiep nhan ciia moi trudng va dua ra cac canh bao neu so luong khach vuot qua nguang, nghien ciiu sii dung cong thiic tinh siic chiia hang ngay ciia Pham Trung Luang (2002). Cac dang tai nguyen thien nhien duac sir dung de danh gia bao g6m: dia hinh, dia mao, dia chat; khi hau; thuy van; dpng vat, thuc vat, cac he sinh thai dien hinh, su da dang sinh hpc ciia loai va thuc trang bao ton. Muc tieu cua viec danh gia tai nguyen thien nhien la nham danh gia kha nang khai thac mpt hoac mpt so khia canh cua tai nguyen thien nhien cho mpt loai hinh du lich sinh thai bat ky. De danh gia, nghien cuu su dung phuong phap cho diem theo mot so chi tieu cu the. Ket qua danh gia tong hop duac xac dinh bang each cpng diem. De danh gia tai nguySn nhan van, nghien ciiu tim hieu ve le hpi va mpt so dac diem dan tpc hpc. Ket qua nghien ciiu ve tai nguyen thien nhien va nhan van la ca so de danh gia tong hop tai nguyen du lich. Can cii vao thuc te ciia KBTTN Xuan Nha, nghien ciiu da lua chpn 4 tieu chi danh gia tai nguyen du lich ap dung cho dia ban Khu bao ton do la: (1) Dp hap din, (2) Vi tri va kha nang tiep can, (3) Thdi gian khai thac va (4) Sue chiia khach du lich. Cac tieu chi danh gia dupe gan trpng so va duac phan cap theo 04 cap dp khac nhau tuy thupc vao mdi tieu chi.
Ket qua danh gia tdng hop tai nguyen du lich sinh thai duac phan thanh 4 hang tuong iing vdi kha nang khai thac la; rii thuan lpi, thuan lpi, trung binh va it thuan lai.
IH. KET QUA VA T H A O LUAN 3.1. Tiim nang tai nguyen tu nhien Tai nguyen dia hinh
Khu BTTN Xuan Nha cd dia hinh da dang, dac diem chung ciia cac kiiu dia hinh la do doc kha cao, cau tao be mat thudng la dam san, pho bien la ldp vd phong hda mong Idn nhiiu manh vd, trSc dien ngang Idi lom, bi c4t xe, ldp phii thd nhudng mdng, nhieu nai tra da gdc sJc 62 TAP CHI KHOA HQC vA CONG NGHE L A M NGHIEP SO 1 - 2019
Qudn ly Tdi nguyen rung & Mdi trir&ng nhpn. Trong sd 10 loai dia hinh da duo'c biet
din tai KBTTN Xuan Nha, 5 loai dia hinh cd the khai thac cho hoat dpng du lich sinh thai, dd la: Kieu be mat dinh san bang bdc mdn hoan toan, Kieu be mat niii thap, vai bac trudc niii va ddi, Kieu sudn trpng luc cham, Kieu sudn bdc mdn tdng hop va Kieu dia hinh karst.
Dac biet, ddi vdi dang dia hinh Kiiu b i mat dinh san bang boc mdn hoan toan, dinh Pha Ludng d dp cao 1833 m (Ban Quan ly Khu Bao tdn thien nhien Xuan Nha, 2012), vdi h i mat phang la dia diem thich hpp cho cac hoat ddng du lich drra vao thien nhien.
Tai nguyen thuy van
KBTTN Xuan Nha cd 2 luu vuc do 2 he sudi Idn tao nen, do la he suoi do v i sdng Ma va he sudi do ve sdng Da. Tuy nhien, he thdng sudi trong khu vuc BCBTTN tuong ddi phiic tap, nhieu sudi co chieu dai Idn, chay qua nhieu dia ban khac nhau nhu sudi Quanh (bat ngudn tir khu vuc xa Chieng San, chay sang Ta Lao, xa Tan Xuan), sudi Con (bat ngudn hi ban
Hudi S4u giap Thanh Hda dai 8 km cd nude gSn nhu quanh nam). Tai day, mpt sd hang da nhu hang Pac Pa udt va Pac Pa khd cd nhiing dac diem dac trung cua hang da vdi, la diem den cua khach du lich dia phuang va khu vuc xung quanh. Ngoai ra, trong khu vuc con nhieu sudi khac nhu: sudi Nga, sudi Thin, sudi Pha Ludng, sudi Xuan Nha, sudi Nam, sudi Lang, sudi Theo. KBTTN Xuan Nha hien dang bao ve mpt phan luu vuc thuang ngudn sdng Ma, noi cung cap nude sinh hoat va san xuat quan trpng ciia tinh Thanh Hda.
Tai nguyen Idii hau
Tu thuc te ve dieu kien khi hau tai khu vuc nghien cuu (ke thua du lieu cua Tram Khi tupng thuy van Mdc Chau nam 2015) va dua vao nhiing ket qua nghien ciiu cua mpt sd tac gia nhu: Nguyen Khanh Van (2006) va Pham Trung Luong (2011), nghien ciiu da danh gia miic dp thich hpp cua khi hau tai KBTTN Xuan Nha ddi vdi siic khde con ngudi. Ket qua dupe trinh bay tren bang 1.
Bang 1. Danh gia muc dO thich hffp cua khi h?u tai KBTTN Xuan Nha d6i vtri siic khoe cua con nguoi
Toe 36 gio TT Mua Thoi gian TB/
thang (°C)
Phil hgp cho siic khoe
TB/thang
(%)
Phil hpp
cho siic TB/thang (m/s)
Phil hop cho siic khoe Miia Tir thang 5
He din thang 9 20-25 Hoan toan phii hop
Khong phu 0,50- 1,00 hop
TuoTig doi phii hop Tii thang
Miia 10 den
Dong thang 6 3-15,6 h phu hop 7 0 - 8 0 Tuong doi
phu hpp 0,05 - 0,25 Phil hop Ket qua danh gia cho thay, khi hau tai khu
vuc KBTTN Xuan Nha tuong ddi phu hop cho hoat ddng du lich, tuy nhien dp am hrong ddi cao cd the gay cam giac khd chiu vao mua he, nhung day la dac diem chung ciia khi hau Viet Nam (vao miia he d mien Bac va quanh nam d mien Nam), nen se khdng phai la trd ngai ddi vdi khach du lich ndi dia. Ngoai ra, ddi vdi khach du lich tham gia du ljch mao hiem d dp cao > ^ 1000 m va vao miia ddng, khi hau khu vuc cd nhiet dp thap so vdi nhieu khu vuc tren lanh thd Viet Nam, viec chuan bi day du trang phuc giii am trudc khi di du lich la dieu c4n thiet nham tranh gay hien tupng sdc nhiet.
Tai nguyen t h u c vat
Theo Bao cao Da dang sinh hpc ciia Hat Kiim lam Mdc Chau (2011), khu BTTN Xuan Nha cd cac kieu tham thuc vat phan bd tren 3 vanh dai dp cao, dd la: Vanh dai nhiet ddi phan bd d dp cao < 700 m cd cac kieu rimg nhu:
rimg kin cay la rpng thudng xanh nhiet ddi km, rung it bi tac ddng, rimg thii smh trir lugng gd ngheo phuc hdi sau khai thac kiet, rimg thii sinh phuc hdi sau nuong ray va lira rimg, rimg Giang Ampelocalamus patellaris thii sinh, rimg Nlia Nehouzeaua dulloa thii sinh, trang cay bui thii sinh nhiet ddi am, trang cd thii sinh nhiet ddi am; Vanh dai a nhiet ddi dp cao tir T A P C H I K H O A H Q C VA C O N G N G H E L A M N G H I E P SO 1 - 2019 63
Qudn ly Tdi nguyen rimg & Moi trir&ng 700 - 1600 m cd cac kiiu tham rimg kin la rdng thudng xanh, rimg kin la rdng thudng xanh a nhiet ddi am bi tac dpng it hoac nhieu, trang cay bui, tre niia, trang cd; Vanh dai dn ddi tu 1600 m trd len cd cac kieu tham rimg kin hdn giao cay la rdng, la kim thudng xanh
Bang 2. Mot so he sinh thai chu yiu tai KBTTN Xuan Nha
dn ddi am, trang cay bui, tre niia, trang cd.
H e sinh thai
KBTTN Xuan Nha cd 7 he sinh thai (HST) chu yeu. Dac diem chinh ciia cac he sinh thai dupe trinh bay tren bang 2.
TT H€ sinh thai Hien trang
Rimg tu nhien Con kha it, chi con nguyen ven d do cao tren 1600 m Trang cay bui
Tre niia Trang co Rung trong Nong nghiep Khu dan cu
Bat dau duac phuc hoi
Con kha nhiiu, ngudi dan dugc phep khai thac trong mpt khoang thdi gian ngSn tii 1 den 3 thang, sau do lai tiep tuc bao ve va trong mdi cho vu miia sau do
B5t dSu dugc khoi phuc dan dSn sau khi chiu cac tac dpng cua con nguoi trong mpt thdi gian dai
Dang gia tang ve dien tich dudi su hgp tac cua ngudi dan ciing chinh quyen dia phuang va cac can bg kiem lam
Cay luong thuc, rau mau; cay cong nghiep dai ngay (ca phe, che, cao su) Tap trung chu yeu d viing d6m va vung loi cua khu vuc Khu bao ton thien nhien Xuan Nha
Su da dang ve he sinh thai cung la mdt trong nhung tiem nang tai nguyen tu nhien phii hop vdi phat trien hoat ddng du lich sinh thai, ngoai ra, phan Idn cac he sinh thai deu gan vdi ddi sdng cua ngudi dan nen ngudi dan dia phuang cd the trd thanh la ngudn hudng dan du lich cd kien thiic ban dia cho hoat ddng du
(Ngudn: Hgt Kiem ldm Moc Chdu, 2011) lich trong tuong lai.
Tai nguyen Ddng V3t
Theo Bao cao Da dang sinh hpc nam 2011 cua Hat Kiem lam Mpc Chau, tai khu vuc cua KBTTN Xuan Nha, 81 loai thii thupc 24 hp, 9 bd da dugc xac dinh. Bang 3 trinh bay tdm tat mdt sd bd xuat hien tai khu vuc nghien ciiu.
Bang 3. Cau true mSt s6 b6 thu d khu bao ton XuSn Nha TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ten Bo Scandentia - Bo Nhieu rang Primates - Bo Linh tnrong Erinaceomorpha - Bo Chupt voi Soricomorpha - Bo An sau bo Chiroptera - Bo Dai Pholidota - Bo Te te Camivora - Bo An thit Artiodactyla - Bo Gu6c chan Rodentia - Bp Gam nham
Tong so
n 1 2 1 2 4 1 6 3 4 24
Sohp 4,17
%
8,33 4,17 8,33 16,67 4,17 25,00
12,50 16,67 100,00
n 1 7 1 4 17 1 23 3 24 81
So loai 1,23
%
8,64 1,23 4,94 20,99
1,23 28,40
3,70 29,63 100,00 Ghi chu- n. so luffng ho, lodi thong ke dugc; %: ty leph
Ngoai ra, ket qua phdng van ngudi dan ciing da cho thay, trong khu vuc ciia KBT, xuat hien mdt sd ca the dpng vat xuat hien don le hoac theo dan 2 - 3 con nhu: Culi Idn, Culi nhd, Khi mat dd, BChi mdc, Vopc xam, meo rirng, gau ngua, sdc bay, Ga so nguc gu... Tuy nhien, do chua nhan thiic dugc y nghTa cua viec bao tdn
\an tram so vai tong so taxon
(Ngudn: Hgt Kiem ldm Mgc Chdu, 2011) cac loai ddng vat hoang da, ngudi dan dja phuang van cdn duy tri thdi quen vao rimg san bat ddng vat hoang da nham muc dich ban lay tien hoac lam thuc pham, hoac nudi nhdt dgng vat hoang da lam canh. Cac hoat ddng trSn Cling vdi su thu hep ve sinh canh, sd lupng ca the loai ngay cang suy giam, mdt sd loai da bj 64 T A P C H I K H O A H Q C VA C O N G N G H E L A M N G H I E P SO 1 - 2019
Quan ly Tdi nguyen rung & Moi trir&ng tuyet chung.
3.2. Tiem nang tai nguySn n h a n van Ngudi dan sdng trong khu bao ton Xuan Nha thupc cac dan tpc chinh nhu: Thai, Mudng, Mdng va BCinh. Trong do, dan tpc Thai chiem ty le ddng nhat d xa Xuan Nha, dan tdc Kinh chu yeu d xa Chieng San, dan tdc Mdng chu yeu d xa Tan Xuan. Hang nam, ngudi Thai td chiic mdt sd le hdi nhu: L l hdi Het Cha va Le Cau mua. Le hdi Het Cha dupe td chiic hang nam nham muc dich tang tinh doan ket cpng ddng, cimg giiip nhau vugt qua nhiing khd khan trong cupc sdng; dan day mpi ngudi ghi nhd cdng on cua nhiing ngudi da cd an vdi minh va cau chuc cho van vat hda hop, sinh sdi nay nd, cupc sdng yen vui, mua thuan gid hda, miia mang tuai tdt, nha nha am no hanh phiic.
Trong khi do, Le Cau mua dugc td chiic vao miia xuan vdi mong mudn mua mang bdi thu.
Ben canh cac le hdi, ngudi dan song trong khu bao tdn cdn duy tri nhiing net dac trung rieng biet dugc the hien qua frang phuc nhu: trang phuc cua ngudi Mdng, trang phuc ciia ngudi Thai, trang phuc cua ngudi Mudng. Cac mdn an dan tdc nhu Pa pinh top (ca nuong), Ign
cam lam cham cham cheo, reu da nudng, lap xudng gac bep, thit mudi chua... ciing la mdt trong nhung net van hda dac trung ciia khu vuc.
3.3. D I xuat giai p h a p k;hai t h a c tiem n a n g du lich sinh thai tai Khu bao ton thien nhien Xuan Nha
a. Danh gia tong h o p tai nguyen du lich Dua tren ket qua danh gia cac dang tai nguyen tu nhien va nhan van, nghien ciiu tien hanh danh gia tdng hpp tai nguyen du lich tai hai dia diem la: dinh Pha Ludng va khu vuc Sudi Con, Hang Pac Pa va Ban Khd Hdng. Ket qua danh gia dugc trinh bay tdm tat tren bang 4.
Nghien ciiu tien hanh tinh diem tdng hgp cd trpng sd dua tren ket qua danh gia trinh bay trong bang 4 cho 2 dia diem: dinh Pha Ludng va khu vuc Sudi Con, Hang Pac Pa va Ban Khd Hdng, k i t qua ISn lugt la 3,080 va 3,805.
N h u vay, ket qua danh gia bang each cho diem cd trpng sd cho thay cac diem Dinh Pha Ludng va khu vuc Sudi Con - Hang Pac Pa - Ban Khd Hdng cd tiem nang cho phat trien du lich, dac biet la vdi he thdng quan ly tdt, cd the hinh thanh vimg du lich sinh thai trong tuong lai.
"cap nach", thit lgn hun khdi, thit trau gac bep.
Bang 4. Ket qua danh gia va cho diim c^c chi tigu tai dinh Pha Ludng va khu vuc Suoi Con - Hang Pac Pa - Ban Kho Hong Dia diem
danh gia Tieu chi danh gia Ket qua danh gia (diem) - Dp hap dan
•I- Ve dep phong canh
^- Su thich hop cua khi hau
4/4 (rat hap dan, du khach ngi dia va nude ngoai da biet den noi day)
+ Sir dac sac va dgc dao cua tai nguyen du lich tu nhien
4/4 (rat thich hgp) 4/4 (rat dac sac va doc dao)
• So lugng va chat lugng cac
loai tai nguyen 4/4 (tai nguyen da dang) - Vj tri va kha nang tiep can
1 Dinh Pha Luong
I- Khoang each
2/4 (viec tiep c?in khong thuan lgi do vi tri dia ly va dia hinh, each thanh phd San La khoang 120 km)
+ Chat lupng dudng giao thong 2/4 (co khoang 60% ducmg nhua, 40%
con lai la dudng dat vdi do doc kha cao) I- Phuang tien 2/4 (chi CO the di bang xe may va sau do
di bg len dinh)
+ Thdi gian tiep can 2/4 (can > 240 phiit di chuyen, tuy thugc kha nang cua du khach va tuyen dudng di) - Thdi gian khai thac 3/4 (so ngay cd the tham gia hoat dgng du
lich la khoang tir 200 - 250 ngay/nam) - Sue chua khach du lich 3/4 (siic chiia la: 275 khach/ngay, sire
chira tmng binh)
T A P C H I K H O A H O C VA C O N G N G H E L A M N G H I E P SO 1 - 2019 65
Qudn ly Tdi nguyen rung & Mdi trtrd/ng Dia di€m
danh gia Tigu chi danh gia Ket qua danh gia (diem)
Suoi Con, Hang Pac Pa, Ban Kho Hdng
- Do hap dan
- Ve dep phong canh 4/4 (rat hap din, du khach ngi dia va nude ngoai da biet den noi day)
- Su thich hgp ciia khi hau 4/4 (khi hau quanh nam mat me, dao dgng tir 12 din 25 do, dp im kha cao) + Su dac sac va dgc dao ciia tai
nguyen du lich tir nhien
4/4 (su ton tai dong thdi ciia canh quan thien nhien va nhan tao) _ ^ _ ^ ^ + So lugng va chat lugng cac
loai tai nguyen 4/4 (da dang) - Vi tri va kha nang tiep can
I- Khoang each 3/4 (khoang each den trung tam hanh chinh tinh la 98 km)
+ Chat lugng dudng giao thong 4/4 (khoang 80% la dudng nhua, 20% con lai la dudng do dan lam hoac dudng d§t) + Phuang tien 3/4 (3 loai phuang tien co the tham gia la:
di bp, xe may, 6 to) I- Thdi gian tiep can
3 diem (can > SO phiit di chuyen bang 6 to tir tmng tam thi tran Mgc Chau vao ban Khd Hong )
- ThM gian khai thac 4/4 (C6 the don khach du lich quanh nam) - Sire chira khach du lich 4/4 (Sue chiia la: 675 khach/ngay)
b. Tiem nang san pham du lich
Dua vao cac yeu td tu nhien va nhan van tai khu vuc KBTTN Xuan Nha, 3 loai hinh san
pham du lich cd the phat trien dd la: du ljch van hda, du lich thien nhien va du lich cpng ddng/lang ban.
Du lich van hda
+ Du lich le hdi;
+ Tim hieu ddi van hda cua cac tdc trong viing.
sdng dan
_I>u lich thien r
+ Tham quan cac he sinh thai dac biet;
+ Tim hieu da dang loai ddng vat, thuc vat;
+ Di bp leo niii len dinh Pha Ludng.
Du lich cdng ddng, lang ban + Tim hieu cac san
X
pham hang hda dac trung ciia dia phuong;
+ True tiep trai nghiem ddi sdng hang ngay ciia cdng ddng lang ban.
Hinh 1. Cac loai hinh san pham du lich c6 th^ ph^t triSn tai KBTTN Xuan Nha c. Cac loai hinh du lich sinh thai dua vao
cong ddng va dieu kien phat trien Hien nay, mdt sd loai hinh DLST cd the phat trien tai Khu BTTN Xuan Nha nhu: tham
quan nghi dudng, chiia benh; di bd trong rung, nghien cim da dang sinh hpc d cac VQG, KBT thien nhien, tham quan miet vudn (trai nghiem ndng nghiep ndng thdn), tham ban lang dan tpc 66 TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE L A M NGHIEP SO 1 - 2019
va trai nghiem dich vu homestay, mao hiem...
Tuy nhien, dua vao dieu kien thuc te tai viing dem va vung loi cila KBTTN Xuan Nha, cd thi lua chpn cac hinh thirc du lich sau de phat trien:
(1) Du lich Homestay va trai nghiem khdng gian van hda ban lang, (2) Du lich trai nghiem ndng nghiep - ndng thdn, (3) Du lich mao hiem.
(1) Du lich Homestay vd trdi nghiem khong gian vdn hda bdn Idng
Cac hd gia dinh trong khu vuc vimg dem va viing loi Khu bao tdn cd the phat hriin cac dich vu va san pham nhu: Phuc vu an uong (khach tu che bien cac mdn an truyen thdng va thudng thiic cung ngudi dan ban dia); Cung cap dich vu chd d/luu tni; Ban hang thii cdng thd cSm, my nghe; Trinh dien van hda dja phuang (mua, hat...), phuc vu phuang tien di lai (cho thue phuong tien di lai, van chuyen hoac true tiep phuc vii boat ddng van chuyen bang xe may la phuong tien chinh); cung cap hudng dan vien la chinh nhiing ngudi dan dia phuang.
(2) Du lich trdi nghiem nong nghiep - nong thon Vdi nhiing dieu kien ve khi hau va thd nhudng tai dia phuang, cd the xay dung nhdm hd gia dmh va hgp tac xa chuyen ve trdng rau qua an toan, phat trien cac loai rau cii dac san
Qudn ly Tdi nguyen rimg & Moi trudmg cd s^n va dac sac nhu: rau cai meo, mang d^ng, rau bd khai, rau nit... Ngoai ra, nhdm hd gia dinh cd the chuyen ve frdng che va cac san phdm tir che xanh; nhdm hp gia dinh chuyen ve cac loai cay an qua nhu: man, xoai, tao meo, ciing nhu cac san pham tu qua man, xoai va tao meo. Cac nhdm hd gia dinh nay cd the phdi ket hgp vdi nhau nh^m thdng nhat mdt hinh thiic cung cap dich vu trai nghiem ndng nghiep - ndng thdn dac thu rieng.
(3) Di bg trong rimg vd du lich mgo hiem Cac hoat ddng di bd trong rimg va len dinh Pha Ludng da va dang dien ra, nhung mdi dimg d miic dp tu phat, chua cd hudng dan va chua cd quy dinh thuc hien. Vi vay, ngoai viec hinh thanh he thdng van hanh cac tour len Pha Ludng, cac hoat ddng tuyen truyen va tap huan ve an toan cho ddng bao dan tdc va du khach la can thiet. Ben canh dd, can ket ndi cac diem du lich d KBTTN Xuan Nha vdi huyen Mpc Chau va cac dia phuong khac trong vung, dac biet la khu vuc tiep giap vdi nude Lao, tao su da dang cho cac tuyen du lich nham thu hiit khach den vdi KBTTN Xuan Nha.
d. De xu4t t u y e n du lich d i n K B T T N X u a n Nha
Bang 5. Tuyen du lich du'p'c de xuat den KBTTN Xuan Nha
Tuyen du lich Hoat dong theo ngay
N g a y l Ngay 2 Ngay 3
Ha Noi - Mpc Chau - dinh Pha Ludng - Thdi gian: 3 ngay, 2 dem;
- Miia khai thac: thang 2 den thang 10;
- Phuang tien di chuyen: xe 6 to, xe may, di bp.
Ha Ngi - Mgc Chau - Tai Mgc Chau: Deo da trang - Rung thong ban Ang - Khu di tich Tay Tien;
Moc Chau Hang Doi Dinh Pha Luong;
Mgc Chau - Ha Ngi:
Tai Mgc Chau: D6i che trai tim - Vudn hoa cai - Vudn man;
Mpc Chau- Ha Ngi.
Ha Noi - Moc Chau - Suoi Con - Ban Kho Hong - Ban Thin - Thdi gian: 3 ngay 2 dem;
- Mua khai thac: thang 4 din thang 8;
- Phuang tien di chuyen: xe 6 to (xe khach hoac xe gia dinh)
Ha Npi - Mpc Chau - Tai Mgc Chau: Deo da trang - Rimg thong ban Ang - Khu di tich Tay Tien;
Mgc Chau Suoi Con Ban Kho Hong - Ban Thin;
Mpc Chau- Ha Ngi:
Tai Mpc Chau: D6i che trai tim - Vudn hoa cai - Vuon man;
Mgc Chau -HaNdi.
e. Nhiing thach thuc cho viec xay d u n g mo hinh du lich sinh thai tai KBTTN Xuan Nha
Ben canh nhirng yeu td thuan lgi ve tu nhien
va con ngudi, mdt sd thach thiic ddi vdi viec xay dung md hinh du ljch smh thai tai KBTTN Xuan Nha, bao gdm:
TAP CHI K H O A H O C VA C O N G N G H E L A M N G H I E P SO 1 - 2019 67
Qudn ly Tdi nguyen rirng & Mdi trirdng + He thdng dudng giao thdng ciia cac xa d h-ong KBTTN Xuan Nha chua thuan lgi cho viec di chuyen, dac biet la bang phuang tien co gidi. Doan dudng di chuyen din dinh Pha Ludng phan Idn la dudng dat, hep, nhieu doan ddc va tron trugt, khach du lich phai di bd len dinh d doEin dudng cudi ciing;
+ Mdt sd du an khai thac tai nguyen du lich sinh thai da dugc lap nhung chua dugc trien khai, do vay, ca sd ha tang chua dugc dau tu cai thien hoac xay mdi, cac dich vu du lich cdn don dieu, giam siic hap dan ddi vdi du khach;
+ Du lich cdng ddng da xuat hien nhung mdi chi dimg lai d hoat ddng tu phat va don le d mgt sd ban nhu ban Khd Hdng. Do vay, sd lugng ngudi dan dia phuang tham gia va dugc hudng lgi td boat ddng du lich cdn han che;
f Sinh ke chu yeu cua ngudi dan dia phuang la ndng nghiep va dua vao viec khai thac lam san ngoai gd, do dd, thu nhap thudng thap va khdng dn dinh, dac biet la cac hd gia dinh sdng d sudn mii cao. Van de ve phat trien kinh te thudng ddng vai trd quan trgng han viec bao ve mdi trudng va bao ve rimg.
f. De xuat giai phap khai thac tiim nang du lich sinh thai tai KBTTN Xu3n Nha (1) Gidi phdp ve td chuc qudn ly
- Ve Off chi chinh sach
Cd chinh sach phat trien ngudn nhan luc tai chd, ddng thdi khuyen khich su tham gia cua cac thanh phan kinh te trong va ngoai nude dau tu cho boat ddng du lich sinh thai tai dia phuang.
- Td chiic va quan ly luung khach dua tren eg sd sue chua ciia khu du lich
Viec td chiic boat ddng tham quan cua cac tuyen, diem du lich trong cac vung can phai can nhac ki cac dac trung, siic chiia cua timg diem du lich, ddng thdi viec tiep ddn khach tdi khu du lich phai dam bao cac yeu cau bao tdn cua vimg de chac chan mdi quan he giua du lich va mdi trudng khdng bi mau thuan va boat ddng du lich khdng tac ddng tieu cue tdi mdi trudng sinh thai, dac biet, ddi vdi dinh Pha Ludng, dia diem d dp cao Idn va each xa khu dan cu.
- Quan ly viec thu phi tham quan de tao them kinh phi xay dung va nSng cao mirc song cua ngudi dSn dia phucmg
Sau khi xay dung tuyen va diim du lich, viec thu phi tham quan la can thiet nham tao ngudn kinh phi cho viec xay dung, bao tdn, va nang cao thu nhap ciia ngudi dan dia phuang.
Ngudn thu cd the den tu ve tham quan, dich vu hudng din, phi giri xe, cho thue mat bang kinh doanh... Ngoai ra, can ap dung nhiing miic thu khac nhau cho cac thdi diem khac nhau, vi du, vao ngay nghi, ngay le, sd lugng khach thudng ddng hon ngay thudng, miic thu phi cd the tang len, ddng thdi, thuc hien chinh sach giam gia vao nhimg ngay vang khach. Viec dieu chinh gia dich vu la mgt trong nhimg chinh sach nham khuyen khich khach du lich tham quan vao nhiing thdi diem khac nhau, tranh lupng khach tap trung qua Idn vao nhung ngay le, ngay nghi, ngay cudi tuan, dam bao so lupng khach nam trong gidi han sire chiia cua mdi trudng.
(2) Gidi phdp ve quy hogch
Viec quy hoach chi tiet cac Idiu du lich sinh thai (DLST) dua tren ket qua dieu tra va khao sat mdt each toan dien la dieu kien tien quyet va khdng the thieu nham dam bao tinh ben vimg cua cac du an kinh te ndi chung va hoat ddng du lich sinh thai ndi rieng. Trong qua trinh quy hoach chi tiet va lap du an kha thi, phai cd su hop tac giiia cac chuyen gia o nhiing ITnh vuc cd lien quan den hoat dgng du lich vdi chinh quyen va cdng ddng dia phuang.
Ngoai ra, hoat dpng quy hoach can dupe thuc hien theo dinh hudng dam bao quyen lpi ciia cdng ddng dia phuong.
(3) Gidi phdp ve xdy dung sdn phdm du lich San pham du lich la cac dich vu va hang hoa cung cap cho du khach, dupe tao nen bdi sir ket hgp cua viec khai thac cac yiu td hr nhien va xa hpi. Tap trung khai thac va phat trien ba loai hinh san phim du lich tiim nang tai KBTTN Xuan Nha la: du lich van hda, du lich thien nhien va du lich cpng ddng/lang ban.
(4) Gidi phdp vi quang bd sdn phdm Cdng tac hiyen truyin, quang ba san ph&n TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE L A M NGHIEP SO 1 - 2019
Qudn ly Tdi nguyen riing & Moi trudmg du lich phai dat dugc muc dich la dua hinh anh
ve canh quan thien nhien, khi hau, mdi trudng trong lanh den vdi du khach trong va ngoai nude de hp biet va den vdi nai day. Ngoai ra, can phai tap trung quang ba san ph4m du lich tai cac diem den nham muc dich quang ba dugc sau rpng hon ve hinh anh cua KBTTN.
Kinh nghiem tir cac qudc gia cho thiy cin da dang hda hinh thiic quang cao, chii trpng hinh thiic quang cao truyen mieng va tren cac phuang tien thdng tin dai chiing. Chii trpng ddi hrgng quang cao, dam bao cac thdng tin phong phu, hap dan, dac sac va cd the tao ra cac chien dich quang cao.
(5) Gidi phdp ve ddo tgo nhdn luc De van hanh hoat ddng DLST, viec dao tao ngudn nhan luc la mpt trong nhung hoat ddng quan trpng nhat va can dupe thuc hien ngay sau khi cac du an phat trien DLST dugc phe duyet. Tan dung tdi da ngudn lire con ngudi cd san tai KBTTN Xuan Nha cho cac hoat ddng quan ly, td chiic, hudng dan du lich, giao due va truyen thdng ve bao ve mdi trudng, cung cap cac san pham du lich... Ddng thdi, xay dung dinh hudng nganh nghe va nang luc cho the he tre d dia phuang, la ngudn cung cap nhan luc cho boat ddng DLST trong tuang lai.
(6) Gidi phdp ve tdng cuomg hogt dgng gido diJtc vd truyen thdng bdo ve mdi trudmg
DLST dugc biet den la loai hinh "Du lich cd trach nhiem vdi mdi trudng", chinh vi vay, viec giao due va truyen thdng bao ve mdi trudng dugc xem la cdng tac trpng tam va khdng the thieu nham dat dugc muc tieu cua DLST. Viec nang cao nhan thiic ve bao ve mdi trudng khdng chi tap trung vao du khach, ma can thuc hien trudc bet doi vdi cac nha lap chinh sach, nha quan ly, cac don vi kinh doanh du lich va dac biet la ngudi dan dia phuong.
Cac boat ddng giao due can dugc thuc hien mdt each lien hic, da dang va d nhieu cap bac hpc, cimg nhu khdng gian giao due khac nhau nhu: mam non, tieu hpc, trung hpc ca sd, phd thdng trung hpc, trong he thdng giao due chinh quy va phi chinh quy; mdi trudng rimg, he sinh
thai ddng cd, he sinh thai ndng nghiep, he sinh thai nude... Cimg vdi cac hoat dpng giao due, can diu tu hinh thanh he thdng huyen thdng mdi trudng da dang va phii hop vdi ngudi dan va khach du lich.
4. KET LUAN
Kit qua nghien ciiu cho thay, KBTTN Xuan Nha cd tiem nang Idn ve cac dang tai nguyen thien nhien va cd the khai thac cho hoat ddng DLST nhu: tai nguyen dia hinh, tai nguyen thuy van, tai nguyen khi hau, tai nguyen sinh vat, va su da dang cua cac he sinh thai. Ngoai ra, su cd mat cua 4 dan tgc chu yeu gdm: Thai, Mudng, H' Mdng va Kinh vdi cac dac trung ve le hpi, trang phuc va cac mdn an dan tdc la nhung tiem nang tai nguyen nhan van cho boat ddng du lich van hda ban dia. Viec danh gia tdng hgp tai nguyen cho hai dia diem: dinh Pha Ludng va Sudi Con - Ban Khd Hdng cho thay mirc dp phu hgp cao cho viec phat trien hoat ddng DLST trong tuong lai. Dua tren cac ket qua tren, nghien ciiu da de xuat mpt sd loai hinh san pham du lich sinh thai, hai tuyen du lich, ciing nhu mdt sd giai phap nham khai thac tiem nang du lich sinh thai tai KBTTN Xuan Nha.
T A I L I E U THAM K H A O
1. Dinh Thi Hoa (2017). Nghien ciru tinh da dang thuc vctt tgi Khu bdo ton thien nhiin Xuan Nha. Luan an Tien sy Lam nghiep
2. Pham Trung Luang (2002). Du lich sinh thai nhihtg vdn de ly luan vd thuc tien phdt trien & Viet Nam, Nxb. Giao due.
3. Pheim Trung Luang (2011). Tdi nguyen vd moi truang du lich Viet Nam, tr. 204. Nxb. Giao due.
4. Nguyen Ngoc Quang (2009). Tiem ndng cua du lich sinh thdi tai cdc Khu bdo ton cua Viet Nam
5. Nguyen Khanh Van (2006). Gido trinh Ca sd sinh khi hau, tr.98. Nxb. Dai hoc Su pham Ha Ngi.
6. Ban Quan ly Khu Bao ton thien nhien Xuan Nha (2012). Bdn do Khdo sdt, xdy dung tuyen duang mon.
1. Hat KiSm lam Mpc Chau (2011). Bdo cdo da dang sinh hoc
8 Quyit dinh s6 2125/QD-UBND ciia Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Scm La ngay 13/8/2014 ve viec cong b6 quy hoach bao ton da dang sinh hoc tinh San La den nam 2020 va tam nhin den nam 20130,
9 Tram Khi tugng thuy van Mpc Chau. Bdo cdo dinh ky ndm 2015.
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 1 - 2019 69
Qudn ly Tdi nguyen rirng & Moi trudng + He thdng dudng giao thdng cua cac xa d trong KBTTN Xuan Nha chua thuSn lpi cho viec di chuyen, dac biet la bang phuang tien co gidi. Doan dudng di chuyin din dinh Pha Ludng phan Idn la dudng dat, hep, nhieu doan ddc va tron trugt, khach du lich phai di bd len dinh d doan dudng cuoi cung;
+ Mdt sd du an khai thac tai nguyen du lich sinh thai da dugc lap nhung chua dupe trien khai, do vay, ca sd ha tang chua dugc dau tu cai thien hoac xay mdi, cac dich vu du lich cdn dan dieu, giam siic hap dan ddi vdi du khach;
+ Du lich cdng ddng da xuat hien nhung mdi chi dimg lai d hoat ddng tu phat va dan le d mdt sd ban nhu ban Khd Hdng. Do vay, sd lupng ngudi dan dia phuong tham gia va dugc hudng lgi tu hoat ddng du lich cdn han che;
+ Sinh ke chii yeu cua ngudi dan dia phuong la ndng nghiep va dua vao viec khai thac lam san ngoai go, do dd, thu nhap thudng thap va khdng dn dinh, dac biet la cac hd gia dinh sdng d sudn mii cao. Van de ve phat trien kinh te thudng ddng vai trd quan trpng hon viec bao ve mdi trudng va bao ve rung.
f. De xuat giai phap khai thac tiem nang du lich sinh thai tai KBTTN Xuan Nha (1) Gidi phdp ve td chuc qudn ly
- Ve Ctf che chinh sach
Cd chinh sach phat trien ngudn nhan lire tai chd, ddng thdi khuyen khich su tham gia ciia cac thanh phan kinh te trong va ngoai nude dau tu cho hoat dpng du lich sinh thai tai dia phuang.
- To chuc va quan ly luong khach dua tren ctf sd svtc chiia cua khu du lich
Viec td chiic hoat ddng tham quan ciia cac tuyen, diem du lich trong cac viing cin phai can nhac ki cac dac trung, siic chira cua timg diem du lich, ddng thdi viec tiep ddn khach tdi khu du lich phai dam bao cac yen cm bao tdn cua vung de chac chan mdi quan he giua du lich va mdi trudng khdng bi mau thuan va hoat dpng du lich khdng tac ddng tieu cue tdi mdi trudng sinh thai, dac biet, ddi vdi dinh Pha Ludng, dia diem d dp cao Idn va each xa khu dan cu.
- Quan ly viSc thu phi tham quan de tao th§m kinh phi xSy dung va nang cao muc song cua ngudi dan dia phuong
Sau khi xay dung tuyen va diem du lich, viec thu phi tham quan la can thiet nham tao ngudn kinh phi cho viec xay dung, bao tdn, va nang cao thu nhap cua ngudi dan dia phuang.
Ngudn thu cd the den tir ve tham quan, dich vu hudng dan, phi gui xe, cho thue mat bang kmh doanh... Ngoai ra, can ap dung nhirng miic thu khac nhau cho cac thdi diem khac nhau, vi du, vao ngay nghi, ngay le, sd lugng khach thudng ddng hon ngay thudng, miic thu phi cd thS tang len, ddng thdi, thuc hien chinh sach giam gia vao nhitng ngay vang khach. Viec diiu chinh gia dich vu la mdt trong nhirng chinh sach nham khuyen khich khach du lich tham quan vao nhimg thdi diem khac nhau, tranh lugng khach tap trung qua Idn vao nhiing ngay le, ngay nghi, ngay cudi tuan, dam bao s6 lugng khach nam trong gidi ban siic chua ciia mdi trudng.
(2) Gidi phdp ve quy hogch
Viec quy hoach chi tiet cac khu du lich sinh thai (DLST) dua tren ket qua dieu tra va khao sat mdt each toan dien la dieu kien tien quyet va khdng the thieu nham dam bao tinh ben viing cua cac du an kinh te ndi chung va hoat ddng du lich sinh thai ndi rieng. Trong qua trinh quy hoach chi tiet va lap du an kha thi, phai cd su hgp tac giiia cac chuyen gia 6 nhiing ITnh vuc cd lien quan den hoat ddng du lich vdi chinh quyen va cdng ddng dia phuong.
Ngoai ra, boat ddng quy hoach can dugc thuc hien theo dinh hudng dam bao quyen lpi ciia cdng ddng dia phuang.
(3) Gidi phdp ve xdy dung sdn phdm du lich San pham du lich la cac dich vu va hang hoa cung cap cho du khach, dugc tao nen bdi sir kit hgp ciia viec khai thac cac yiu td hr nhien va xa hdi. Tap trung khai thac va phat triin ba loai hinh san pham du lich tiim nang tai KBTTN Xuan Nha la: du lich van hda, du lich thien nhien va du lich cdng ddng/lang ban.
(4) Gidi phdp ve quang bd sdn phim Cdng tac tuyen truyen, quang ba san phSm TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA C 6 N G NGHE L A M NGHIEP SO I - 2019
Qudn ly Tdi nguyen rirng & Moi trudmg du lich phai dat dupe muc dich la dua hinh anh
ve canh quan thien nhien, khi hau, mdi trudng trong lanh den vdi du khach trong va ngoai nude de hp biet va den vdi nai day. Ngoai ra, can phai tap trung quang ba san ph4m du lich tai cac diem den nham muc dich quang ba dupe sau rdng ban vi hinh anh ciia KBTTN.
Kinh nghiem tir cac qudc gia cho thay can da dang hda hinh thiic quang cao, chii trpng hinh thiic quang cao truyen mieng va tren cac phuong tien thdng tin dai chiing. Chii trpng ddi tugng quang cao, dam bao cac thdng tin phong phii, hap din, dac sac va cd the tao ra cac chien dich quang cao.
(5) Gidi phdp ve ddo tgo nhdn l{iv De van hanh boat ddng DLST, viec dao tao ngudn nhan luc la mdt trong nhung hoat ddng quan trpng nhat va can dupe thuc hiSn ngay sau khi cac du an phat trien DLST dupe phe duyet. Tan dung tdi da ngudn luc con ngudi co san tai KBTTN Xuan Nha cho cac boat ddng quan ly, td chiic, hudng dan du lich, giao due va truyen thdng ve bao ve mdi hordng, cung cap cac san pham du lich... Ddng thdi, xay dung dinh hudng nganh nghe va nang luc cho the he tre d dia phuang, la ngudn cung cap nhan luc cho boat ddng DLST trong tuong lai.
(6) Gidi phdp ve tdng cu&ng hogt dgng gido dfic vd truyen thdng bdo ve mdi tru&ng
DLST dugc biet den la loai hinh "Du lich cd trach nhiem vdi mdi trudng", chinh vi vay, viec giao due va truyen thdng bao ve mdi trudng dugc xem la cdng tac trpng tam va khdng thi thiiu nh4m dat dupe muc tieu cua DLST. Viec nang cao nhan thiic ve bao ve mdi trudng khdng chi tap trung vao du khach, ma can thuc hien trudc bet ddi vdi cac nha lap chinh sach, nha quan ly, cac dan vi kinh doanh du lich va dac biet la ngudi dan dia phuang.
Cac boat ddng giao due can dugc thuc hien mdt each lien tuc, da dang va d nhieu cap bac hpc, ciing nhu khdng gian giao due khac nhau nhu: mam non, tieu hpc, trung hpc co sd, phd thdng trung hpc, trong he thdng giao due chinh quy va phi chinh quy; mdi trudng rimg, he sinh
thai ddng cd, he sinh thai ndng nghiep, he sinh thai nude... Cung vdi cac hoat dgng giao due, c3n diu tu hinh thanh he thdng truyen thdng mdi hudng da dang va phu hgp vdi ngudi dan va khach du lich.
4. K £ T L U A N
Kit qua nghien ciiu cho thay, KBTTN Xuan Nha cd tiim nang Idn ve cac dang tai nguyen thien nhien va cd thi khai thac cho hoat ddng DLST nhu: tai nguyen dia hinh, tai nguyen thuy van, tai nguyen khi hau, tai nguyen sinh vat, va su da dang ciia cac he sinh thai. Ngoai ra, su cd mat ciia 4 dan tdc chu yeu gdm: Thai, Mudng, H' Mdng va Kinh vdi cac dac trung vi le hdi, trang phuc va cac mdn an dan tpc la nhirng tiim nang tai nguyen nhan van cho hoat ddng du lich van hda ban dia. Viec danh gia tdng hgp tai nguyen cho hai dia diem: dinh Pha Ludng va Sudi Con - Ban Khd Hdng cho thiy miic dp phii hgp cao cho viec phat trien boat ddng DLST trong tuong lai. Dua tren cac ket qua tren, nghien ciiu da de xuat mpt sd loai hinh san pham du lich sinh thai, hai tuyin du lich, cung nhu mdt sd giai phap nhSm khai thac tiem nang du lich sinh thai tai KBTTN Xuan Nha.
T A I LIEU THAM K H A O
1. Dinh Thj Hoa (2017). Nghien cuu tinh da dgng thifC vat tai Khu bdo tdn thien nhien Xuan Nha. Luan an Tien sy Lam nghiep.
2. Pham Tmng Luang (2002), Du lich sinh thdi nhitng vdn de ly ludn vd thuc tiin phdt triin a Viet Nam, Nxb. Giao dye.
3. Pham Tnmg Luang (2011). Tdi nguyin vd moi trucmg du lich Viet Nam, tr. 204. Nxb. Giao due.
4. Nguyin Ngpc Quang (2009). Tiim nang cua du lich sinh thdijgi cdc Khu bdo tdn cua Viit Nam
5. Nguyin Khanh Van (2006) Gido trinh Ca sd sinh khi hdu, tr.98. Nxb. Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi
6. Ban Quan ly Khu Bao l6n thien nhien Xuan Nha (2012). Bdn do Khdo sdt. xdy dung tiivin dudng mon.
7. Hat Kiem lam Mpc Chau (2011). Bdo cdo da dang sinh hoc.
^- Quyil dinh s6 2125/QD-UBND ciia Uy ban Nhan dan tinh San La ngay 13/8/2014 vk vi^c cong b6 quy hojch bao ton da dang sinh hgc tinh San La d^n n ^
^020 va tam nhin dgn nam 20130.
9 Tram Khi higng thuy van Moc Chau Bao do
mhkyndmim. o
TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C 6 N G NGHE LAM NGHIfP SO 1-2019
Qudn ly Tdi nguyen rieng & Mdi trudmg
ECOTOURISM POTENTIALS AT XUAN NHA NATURE RESERVE, SON LA PROVINCE
Nguyen Thi Bich Hao\ Dinh Thi Huong Thao^ Thai Thi Thuy An^, Tran Thi Huong'', Dang Hoang Vuong^
''^-^-^ Vietnam National University of Forestry SUMMARY
Xuan Nha nature reserve is one of three reserve centres in Son La province. Realizing the advantageous conditions for ecotourism, Ihe research concentrated on assessing the natural and human resources and then, proposed some solutions to exploit ecotourism potentials at Xuan Nha nature reserve. Some main study methods include field investigation and observing, social investigation, natural resource appraisal, human resource appraisal, tourism capacity defining, and synthetic assessment of ecotourism resources. Research results show that the reserve possesses a high potential of resources such as topography, hydrology, climate, flora, fauna, ecosystem, and humanity that can be exploited for ftiture ecotounsm. Based on these findings, the study assessed tourism resources with some criteria such as attractiveness, position and accessmg ability, utilizing time, and carrying capacity for two areas of Pha Luong mount and Con River- Kho Hong village. The appraisal results are 3.08 and 3.805 respectively. In addition. Cultural tourism. Nature tourism, and Community tourism are three categories of tounsm products that are potential to be developed in the study area. Two tourism routes of Ha Noi - Moc Chau - Pha Luong mount and Ha Noi - Moc Chau - Suoi Con - Kho Hong village - Thin village were proposed.
Key^vords: Ecotourism, human resources, nature reserve, natural resources, Xuan Nha.
Ngay nhan bai Ngay phan bien Ngay quyet d|nh dang
15/8/2018 15/01/2019 22/01/2019
70 TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA C 6 N G NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO I - 2019
