Tieu ban Sinh hoc vd ngudn lgi sinh vgt Bien
XAC DINH HAM LtTONG PROTEIN, LIPID, TRO VA CARBOHYDRATE TONG SO TU" M O T SO LOAI RONG 6 VEN
BifeN VIET NAM
'Vo Thanh Trimp. 'Le Nhu Hau, ^Nguyen Duy Nhii't, 'Nguyen Van Sy
^Nguyen Thanh Hdng
'Vi§n Nghien cuu va U'ng dung Cdng nghe Nha Trang. 02 Himg Vuang, Nha Trang
^Trudng Dai hgc Bach Khoa Ha Ngi, S6 1 Dai Cd Viet, Hai Ba Trung, Ha Ndi.
Email: [email protected] Tom tat:
112 mdu ciia 28 lodi tir cdc ngdnh Luc. Ndu vd Do, dugc thu thgp tir cdc dia phuang khdc nhau dgc ven bien Viet Nam dugc sir dung di xdc dinh hdm lugng Protein, Carbohydrate, chdt beo, Tro nhdm sir dung lam thuc phdm, y dugc vd nhien lieu sinh hgc. Hdm lugng Protein, Carbohydrate, chdt beo, Tro thay doi ddng ke theo dan vi phdn logi vd tram. Trong do, su khdc biet giua cdc lodi la quan trgng nhdt trong tdt cd cdc .thdng sd do dugc, md cd the co thi do dnh huang ciia mdi tnrang sinh thdi vd cdu triic qudn xd lin chiing.
Trong hdu hit cdc lodi, thdnh phdn chinh la Carbohydrate tdng sd (a ngdnh rong Lite co hdm lugng 56,45 ± 3,29% trgng lugng khd, rong Ndu cd 65,81 ±5,18% trgng lugng khd. rong Dd cd 66J4 ± 2.41%). Ty li phdn tram cao nhdt dia Protein dirge tim thdy trong ngdnh rong Luc (khodng 15,81 ±3,32%), nhung thdp han ddng ke a ngdnh rong Ndu. Tdt cd cdc lodi cd hdm lirgng Lipid trong khodng 2,32-2,62, nhung khdng cd su khdc biet ddng ki giira ngdnh. Phdn lan cdc lodi cd hdm lirgng Tro trung binh (6,20- 10,78%) vd cd sir khdc biet ddng ki giira ngdnh.
DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN, LIPID, ASH AND CARBOHYDRATE CONTENTS FROM SOME MARINE ALGAES IN VIETNAM COAST
Abstract:
112 specimens of 28 species from the Chlorophytes, Phaeophytes and Rhodophytes, which were collected from dijferent provinces along the coast of Vietnam were used to determine Protein, Carbohydrate; Lipids, ash contents for use as food, medicine and blo-fiiel. Among them, individual differences were important in all of the measured parameters which in turn is likely to effect their ecology and community structure.
In most species, the major component was total Carbohydrate (Chlorophytes range at 56.45±3.29% dry weight (dw), Phaeophytes range at 65.81±5.18% dw, Rhodophytes range at 66.34±2.41%dw. Highest percentages of Protein were found in Chlorophytes (range 15.81±3.32%
Hgi nghj Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi biin todn qudc lan thu Y
dw, with significantly lower percentages in Phaeophytes. All species had Lipid contents within the range 2.32-2.62% dw. no significant differences between phylum. Most species had moderate to high ash contents 6.20- 10.78% dw, with significant differences between phylum.
1. MO DAU
Rong biin Id thuc vdt bien cd sac td Lye, Nau, Dd^ sdng d cdc bai trieu vd vimg nude dudi trilu, chiing phdn bd khdp nai. Hinh dang rdt bien thien tir dan bao sdng tu do, tap doan cho din da bao dgng sgi, philn, kich thudc tir vdi micro cho den ca met. Trong do cdc loai rong cd kich thudc Idn deu Ithdng cd dgc td nen dugc su dung vao nhieu muc dich khdc nhau phuc vu lgi ich cho con ngudi. Rong biin la ngudn thyc phdm cd gid trj dinh dudng cao, da dugc ngudi dan sdng ven bien sii dung lam ngudn thiic an hang ngay. Do vay rong biin dugc xem Id loai rau cao cdp do thien nhien ban tang [5]. Rong bien la nguon nguyen ligu chiet nit cac hogt chdt sinh hgc cd kha nang chdng vi nit va vi khudn va cac boat chdt chdng lao hda te bdo [7], cac polysaccharide nhu agar, carrageenan, acid alginic [7]. Trong ndng nghiep, rong dugc su dyng lam thirc an cho gia xiic va nhieu loai hdi san vi rong bien cd chira glucide, protide va cac chat khoang da lugng, vi lugng can thilt cho qua trinh sinh trudng vd phat trien ciia ddng vdt. Theo ket qua phan tich cua mgt sd tdc gid rong bien cd chira nhieu phytohormone vd khoang chat, ddy la yeu td idch thich su phat trien d thuc vat, nen rong dugc sir d\ing nhu la phdn bdn cho cdy trdng. Ngoai ra rong blln cdn Id ngudn Carbohydrate ddi dao chiia dudng hexose va khdng chiia lignin nen Id vdt lieu thich hgp cho qua trinh len men de san xudt ethanol nhien ligu [2]. Trudc nhihig irng dung da dang ciia rong bien, nhdm nghien ciiu chiing tdi thu thgp mdu cua nhieu loai rong tgi nhieu vimg mien khac nhau ciia Vi?t Nam vd tien hanh phdn tich mdt sd thanh phdn hda hgc. Ket qua phdn tich se la ngudn tu lieu cho cac muc dich sd d\mg rong bien.
2. NGUYEN LIEU VA PHU'OfNG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 2.1. Nguyen ii^u rong bien:
Thdnh phan lodi rong bien dugc phan tich bao gdm 10 loai rong Dd, 10 loai rong Lye, 8 loai rong Ndu. Mdu rong dugc thu rai rat cac tinh ven bien Thanh Hda, Thai Binh, Ninh Bmh, Quang Ngdi, Phii Yen, Khanh Hda, Ninh Thuan, Bin Tre trong khoang thdi gian tir thang 2-2009 din thang 7-2010. Cdc chi rong Dd dugc phan tich: Betaphyais;
Eucheuma; Glacilariopsis; Gracilaria; Kappaphycus. Rong Luc: Chaetomorpha;
Cladophora; Enteromorpha; Ulva. Va rong Ndu: Hormophysa; Padina; Sargassum;
Turbinaria.
2.2. Phuong phap phdn tich:
Chudn bi mau: Mau rong sau khi thu thdp tir cdc chuyin khao sat ve phdng thi nghiem, rong dugc riia sgch cat va phy sinh, phai khd d nhigt dg phdng- thi nghiem trong bdng rdm. Mau dugc xdc djnh ten chi, loai, nai thu va dugc luu giii Trong tiii nilon chudn bi cho phdn tich cdc thanh phin hda hgc.
^ Tieu ban Sinh hoc vd ngudn lgi sinh vgt Biin
Xac dinh D9 km: CSn khoang Ig rong cho vao c6c, sau do dem siy 6 nhiet dp 105 C trong thai gian 4-5 gio din khi nguyen li^u kho gidn. Mlu duac sSy trong tii sly co qu?t(GALLENKAMP, Germany) [6].
Dinh lugmg Tro Trong rong bien: Can Ig rong;i;ho vao chen nung. Sau do dem nung a nhiet dp 650''C Trong thai gian 7-8 gio dSn khi nao thiy .Tro tring thi ngimg nung.
Mlu dugrc nung trong 16 nung diSu chinh dupe nhi?t dp (GALLENKAMP, ISOO'C, Germany) [6].
Dinh luang nita va Protein: Djnh luang nita tQng dupe thuc hien tren bo chung cit Kjeldahl. Protein = nita X 6.25 [6].
Djnh lupng Lipid: Diing dung moi hiru ca chiSt Lipid ra khoi rong. Dung m6i dupe sii'dung dS chiet Lipid la cloroform va metylic voi ty le 2:1 (2CH3CI: CH3OH). Qua trinh chiSt Lipid thuc hien Trong 5 gia tren may soxhlet [6].
Carbohydrate t6ng s6: Carbohydrate = 100% - (%Do im+ %Proein+ %Lipid +%
Tro) [4].
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1. Ket qua phSn tich thanh phan hoa hoc ciia cac loU rong Do.
Bdngl: Thanh phdn hoa hgc ciia cdc lodi rong Dd (% /trgng lirgng khd).
Thdnh p h ^ loai rong D6 Betaphycus gelatinum Eucheuma denticulatum
Glacilariopsis bailinae Gracilaria blodjetii
Gracilaria firma Gracilaria salicornia Gracilaria tenuistipitata Kappaphycus alvarazii Kappaphycus okamurai Kappaphycus striatum
Thaigian 25-03-10 16-04-09 13-12-09 16-03-10, 15-03'-09 22-03-10 15-03-09 16-04-09 27-03-10 10-04-09
£>ja diem Ba Lang An-Quang Ngai
Cam Ranh-Khanh Hoa Ciia be-Nha Trang Hon Chong-Nha Trang
Song CSu-Phu Yen Song Cau-Phii Yen Dong B6-Khanh Hoa Cam Ranh-Khanh Hoa
L^ Son-Quang Ngai Ninh Thuan
%Pro 9.1 9.88 19.75 11.8 12.31 12.01 17.3 9.81 14.24 9.81
%Ash 4.25 5.31 5.33 7.01 10.6 8.97 4.45 6.62 6.15 3.29
%L 2.35 2.15 1.88 2.45 1.55 3.78 1.76 2.62 3.87 3.78
%H 14.2 16.14 9.44 12.49
8.12 9.33 8.68 15.12 14.15 14.66
%Car 70.1 66.52 63.6 66.25 67.34 65.91 67.81 65.83 61.59 68.46
Ghi chu: Carbohydrate (Car); Protein (Pro); Tro (Ash); Lipid (L); DO am (H).
Trong rong Dd thdnh phin chinh la Carbohydrate. Ham lugng Carbohydrate cao nhdt Id Betaphycus gelatinum 70.10% va loai thdp nhat Kappaphycus okamurai 61.59%.
Ham lugng Carbohydrate cua cac lodi dugc phan tich dao d^ng tu 60-70%, xdp xi 2/3 khdi lugng khd. Carbohydrate ciia rong.Dd thudng la Carragenan bode Agar [12]. Vi vdy nguon Carbonhydrate ciia cac loai ndy se Id nguyen li?u chd cdc iing dyng thuc phdm vd cdng ngh? gel. Ham lugng Protein khdng cao nhung do chenh I^ch giiia cdc mlu Idn va cd gia tri trung binh Id 12.60 ± 3.53%. Trong rong Dd ham lugng Lipid thdp dao d^ng tu 1-4% va
Hgi nghj Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghg bien todn quoc Idn thicV
CO gia hi trung bmh la 2.62 ± 0.88 %. Ham lupng Tro Trong rong Bo thdp chiem 6.206 ± 2.24 %.'
3.2. Ket qua phan tich thanh ph^n hoa hoc ciia cac loai rong Luc.
Bdng 2: Thdnh phdn hda hgc ciia cdc lodi rong Lite (%/trgng luang khd).
Thanh phan loai rong Lye Chaetomorpha aerea Chaetomorpha capillaris
Chaetomorpha linum Cladophora socialis Enteromorpha Jlexuosa Enteromorpha intestinalis
Enteromorpha torta Ulva papenfusii Ulva reticulata Ulva lactuca
Thoi gian 09-11-09 05-11-09 10-03-10 26-03-10 06-04-10 30-03-10 08-12-09 26-03-10 28-02-10 05-05-10
Dia di6m ' Thai Binh Ninh Binh VTnh Thai-Nha Trang
Dong H6a-Phii V'Sn Binh D^-BSn Tre S6ng Cai-Nha Trang
Thanh Hoa L^ Son-Quang Ngai Hon Chong-Nha Trang Hon Chong-Nha Trang
%Pro 13.54 11.83 18.52 20.89 14.89 18.55 12.32 19.75 15.04 12.81
%Ash 10.19 10.33 9.22 7.71 11.49 14.72 12.29 9.52 11.76 10.63
%L 2.1 1.75 2.23 1.52 2.57 2.5 1.66 2.45 3.06 3.35
%H 15.83 15.78 13.44 11.55 13.01 7.62 19.11 13.99 21.44 14.47
%Car 58.34 60.31 56.59 58.33 58.04 56.61 54.62 54.29 48.7 58.74
Trong rong Liic thanh phan chinh ciing Id Carbohydrate. Hdm lugng Carbohydrate cao nhdt Chaetomorpha capilarls 60.30% va loai thdp nhat Ulva reticulata 48,7%. Ham lugng Carbohydrate ciia cdc mau rong Lye dao ddng tii 45-60%. Theo tac gid Akiko Isa, Carbohydrate ciia cdc chi Chaetomorpha, Cladophora, Enteromorpha cd ham lugng glucose cao vd len men dugc ethanol [1]. Vi vdy ngudn Carbohydrate nay se Idm nguon nguyen lieu cho bioethanol. Ham lugng Protein kha cao cd gia tri trung binh la 15.81 ± 3.32%. Vdi gid tri ndy rong Luc cho thdy kha nang hdp thu tdt nita, nen rong Luc dugc xem la ddi tugng xii ly mdi trudng hieu qud. Trong rong L\ic ham lugng Lipid thdft dao dgng tir 1-3,5% va cd gid trj trung binh la 2.32 ± 0.59%. Ham lugng Tro cao hon rong Dd vd cd gid tri trung binh 10.78 ± 1.92%.
3.3. Ket qua phdn tich thanh ph^n h6a hgc cua cdc loai rong Ndu.
Bdng 3: Thdnh phdn hda hgc cua cdc lodi rong Ndu (%/trgng lugng khd).
Thanh phan loai rong NSu Hormophysa triata
Padina australis Sargassum agustifolium
Sargassum mcclurie Sargassum olygocystum Sargassum polycystum
Sargassum seratum Turbinaria ornata
Thai gian 25-03-10 22-06-10 05-06-10 22-06-10 06-07-10 24-03-10 05-02-09 28-04-10
Dia diem Ly Son - Quang Ngai Xom Bau - Nha Trang Hon Riia - Niia Trang Xom BSu - Nha Trang Bai Tien - Nha Trang Ly Son - Quang Ngai Hon Ch6ng - Nha Trang
Hon Do - Nha Trang-
%Pro 8.96 9.36 9.2 10.99
9.82 11.09 19.14 8.27
%Ash 4.57 18.75 11.66 9.54 10.31 5.86 4.33 7.59
%L 1.69 2.38 2.58 2.95 2.67 2.62 2.36 3.43
%H 7.77 8.23 14.52 13.11 10.63 12.91 12.52 13.7
%Car 77.01 61.28 62.04 63.41 66.57 67.52 61.65 67.01
Tieu ban Sinh hgc vd ngudn lgi sinh vgt Biin
Theo kit qua phan tich bang 3 Carbohydrate rong Nau dao ddng tir 60-80%. Trong dd loai cd ham lugng Carbohydrate cao nhit la Hormophysa triata 77.01% va loai thdp nhat Padina australis 61.28%. Hdm lugng Carbohydrate rong Nau cd thdnh phin chinh la Alginate va Fucoidan [12]. Ddy Id hai thdnh phan cd tdm quan trgng Trong y hgc. Do vdy nguon Carbohyrate ciia cac lodi dugc phdn tich se iing dung rgng rai de san xuit dugc phdm. Ham lugng Protein thip so vdi rong Dd va rong Luc vd cd gid tri trung binh la 10.85
± 3.48%). Trong rong Nau ham lugng Lipid thip^ dao dgng tir l-3,5%o vd cd gid tri trung bmh la 2.59 ± 0.49%. Ham lugng (Tro) khoang gin bdng rong Luc vd cd gid tii trung binh 9.07 ± 4.74%.
Tir ket qud phdn tich thdnh phdn hda hgc ciia cac loai rong, cd the thdng ke thanh phdn hoa hgc ciia ngdnh rong Dd, Luc, Ndu nhu sau:
Bdng 4: Thdnh phdn hda hgc rong Dd, Luc, Ndu.
Thanh phan hoa hpc (Gid tri TB)
%Dg am
%Tro (chat khoang)
%Lipid
%Protein •
%Carbohydrate
Rong L\ic 14.62±3.83 10.78±1.92 2.32±0.59 15.81±3.32 55.45±3.29
Rong Nau 11.67±2.52
9.07±4.74 2.59±0.49 10.85±3.48 65.81±5.18
Rong Do 12.23±3.03 6.206±2.24 2.62±0.88 I2.60±3.53 66.34±2.41 Theo kSt qua cua bang 4 vh thanh phan hoa hpc cua rong Do, Luc, Nau cho thay co thanh phin tuang d5ng va khac so vai cac tac gia Marcia [4], Pattama [8], Shanmugam [10], Sukalyan [II]. Trong do, thanh phin giong nhau la Tro va Dp am vi hau het cac tac gia deu ciing sii dung ciing mpt phuong phap phan tich. Ham luong Tro ciia rong Luc va Nau dao dpng 10-20% con rong Do thip hem va njm Trong khoang 4-8%, Dp ain trong rong khoang 9-18%. Trong khi do ham lupng Protein, Lipid, Carbohydrate taong dOng vai kk qua cua Marcia [4], Pattama [8], nhung lai cao han kSt qua cua Shanmugam[10], Sukalyan[ll], Protein cao hon khoang 5% va Carbohydrate cao han 10-15% nhung nguac lai Lipid lai thip han 5-7%. Su khac nhau nay co thi giai thich do sii diing cac phuang phap phan tich khac nhau. Theo Shanmugam [10] va Sukalyan [11], Protein dupe phan tich bang phuang phap Lowry, theo phuang phap nay Protein dupe chiSt ra khoi rong va dupe so mau vdi thu6c thii Lowry chinh vi vay Protein chijt khong triet de nen Protein co gia tri thip han [8] va Carbohydrate dupe phan tich bing phucmg phap Dubois, vai phuang phap nay rong biSn dupe thiiy phan sau do so mau vai thuOc thu: phenolsuftuic, qua trinh thiiy phan cung se diln ra khong triet dl do con nhilu fiber nen Carbohydrate thip [8].
4. KET L U ; ^
Ty le ciia cac thanh phin hoa hpc co su khac nhau ro ret giiia cac loai va giua cac ngaiih. Trong hiu hit cac loai, thanh phin chinh la Carbohydrate tong so, ham lupng cao nhit a rong Do 66.34 ± 2.41 % va thap nhit a rong Luc 56.45 ± 3.29%. Thanh phin quan trpng thii hai ciia rong la Protein, ham lupng cao nhat a rong Luc 15.81 ± 3.32% va thap
H0i nghi Khoa hgc vd Cdng ngh? biin todn qudc Idn thi Y
nhit d rong Nau 10.85 ± 3.48%. Tro chiem ty le khdng cao, ham lugng thap nhdt d roag Dd 6.206±2.24% vd lugng Tro rong Lye vd rong Ndu gdn bing nhau 9,07-10,78%. Ham lugng Lipid la thdp nhdt, dao dgng trong khoang 2.32-2.62%.
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