Tieu ban Sinh hoc va nguon Ig^i sinh vgt Bien
NGHIEN C i r u THANH PHAN LIPIT, AXIT BEO CUA M O T SO LOAI HAI SAM, CAU GAI VA SAO BIEN THUQC VUNG BIEN VIET NAM
Trjnh Thi Thu Hu-ang, Nguyen Thj Thu, Chu Quang Truyen, Doan Lan Phuang Cam Thi Inh, Le Tat Thanh, Dang Thi Phuong Ly, Pham Manh Quan
Nguyin Van Sun, Pham Quoc Long
Vien Hda hgc cac Hgp chdt thien nhien, Vien KH&CN VN 18 - Hodng Qudc Viet - Ha Ngi
Tdm tat:
Hdm hrang lipid vd thdnh phdn axit beo ciia mdt sd lodi Sao biin, Cdu gai vd Hdi sdm cr bien Viet Uam da duac nghien ciru. Kit qud cho thay rdng cdc lodi Sao biin, Cdu gai vd Hdi sdm rdt gidu cdc axit beo khong no da noi ddi PUFAs, dgc biet id cdc axit beo omega 3 vd omega 6 duac sir dung trong ngdnh thuc phdm, y ti vd duac phdm, chdng hgn nhu C20: 4 (n-6) AA, C20: 5 (n-3) EPA, C22: 6 (n-3)'DHA.
LIPID CONTENT AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SOME VIETNAM HOLOTHURIAN, SEA URCHIN AND STARFISH SPECIES Abstract:
Lipid and fatty acid compositions of some Vietnamese Holothurlan, sea urchin and starfish species were investigated. The results showed that the studied species of Holothurlan, sea urchin and starfish were rich in polyunsaturated of fatty acids PUFAs, especially the fatty acids of the omega 3 and omega 6 family which are used in food, medical and pharmaceutical sectors, such as C20:4 (n-6) AA, C20:5(n-3) EPA. C22:6 (n-3) DHA.
1. MOt DAU
Sao bien, Hdi sdm, Cdu gai Id nhirng loai ddng vat khdng xuang sdng, thu0c nganh Da gai - Echinodemata. Trong y hgc cd truyen, chiing deu dugc xem nhu Id nhung logi thudc qui: Hdi sdm dugc xem nhu mOt logi thuoc bd than, bd am, trang duong ich tinh, nhudn tdo, chiia H, chiia viem phi qudu, thdn kinh suy nhugc, cdm mdu. Thanh phan lipit cua Hai sam con cd tac dung chiia xa viia dgng mgch, hen suyen...Cdu gai la mgt loai thuc phdm gidu dinh dudng. Vd Cdu gai cd tdc dung chira met mdi, dau nhiic, gidi nhiet, chdng viem [1,3]. Ci nude ta cd nhieu loai vd ciing dugc dugc ddn gian sit dung nhu vj thudc bd dudng ca thi tir Idu ddi. Sao bien, theo thdng ke hien nay, tren the gidi cd khodng 1700 lodi khac nhau. Tuy nhien, mdi chi cd khodng 80 loai dugc nghien cuu ve thanh phan hda hgc cung nhu hogt tinh sinh hgc.
Tiep t\ic nhiing nghien ciiu ve cdc sinh vdt bien thugc ngdnh Da gai, trong bai bdo nay chimg tdi trinh bay cac ket qud ve ham lugng lipit vd thanh phdn cdc axit beo cua mdt sd mdu Hdi sdm, Cdu gai vd Sao biin thu thdp dugc d mdt sd vimg bieri Viet Nam trong nhGng ndm gdn day.
Hdi nghi Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe bien todn qudc tdn thu V
2. NGUYEN LIf U VA PrnTONG PHAP NGHIEN CtTU 2.1 Nguyen lieu
Nguyen lieu nghien cuu g6m 6 miu Hai sam 4 mau Cau gai, 4 mau tning Cau gai va 8 miu Sao biin dupe thu thap tai viing bien Quang Ninh, Hai Phong, Nha Trang vao thang 04-05/2008; 07/2009 va thang 04/2010. Mau dupe TS. D6 Cong Thung, Vien tai nguyen moi truang biin Hai Phong giam djnh ten loai va luu giO tieu ban. Danh sach mau sinh vat biin va dja diim thu thap miu dupe trinh bay tren bang 1.
Bdng 1: Ddnh sach ten, dia diem vd thdi gian thu thgp mdu
STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 U 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2t 22
K/hicu mau
HSOl HS02 HS03 HS04 HS05 HS06 CGOI TCGOl CG02 TCG02 CG03 TCG03 CG04 TCG04 SBOI SB02 SB03 SB04 SB05 SB06 SB07 SB08
Ten mau nghien ciru
Hai Sam den Hai Sam trang Hai Sam trang Hai sam nau Hai sam vu Hai Sam da tran Cdu gai nau Trimg CG nau Cau gai den Trirns CG den Cau gai trang Tning CG trang Cau gai den Tning CG den Sao hien xanh canh dai Sao bien do Sao bien do Sao bien xam nho Sao bien xanh canh dai Sao bien do canh day Sao bien canh day Sao bien canh day to
Ten khoa h^c Holo/hiiria martensii Semper
Holothurlan scabra Holothurian scabra
Actynopyga echintes Microthele nobilis Botradschia argiis
Prinpneitstes gratilla Prinpneustes ^ratilla Diadema setosiim Diadema setosiim Tonopneiistes pileolus Tonopneustes pileolus Eclunoihrix calamaris Ecbinolhrix calamaris Linckia larvigata Ciilciia novaegiiineae CidciUi novaegiiineae Archastcr typicus Linckia larvigata Protoraester nodosvs Anthenae pentaganaia Asterope carinifera
Oja diem, thoi gian thu mau
Quang Ninh 04/2010 Quang Ninh
04/2010 Quang Ninh
07/2009 Hai Phong
04/2008 Hai Phong
04/2008 Nha Trang
05/2008 Nha Trang 04-05/2010 Nha Trang 04-05/2010 Quang Ninh 07/2009 Hai Phong
07/2009 QuarigNinh
04/2010 Quang Ninh
04/2010 Quang Ninh
07/2009
• Quang Ninh 07/2009 Hai Phong
07/2009 Hai Phong
07/2009 Nha Tnmg
5/2008 Quang Ninh
4/2008
Tieu ban Sinh hocvd ngudn lgi sinh vdt Bien 743
2.2 Phuorng phap nghien cihi
Lipit tong dupe chiSt theo phuang phap cua E.G Bligh & W.J Dryer (1959) [4]. DS xac dinh thanh phan cac axit beo, cac dich lipit t6ng dupe chuySn hoa thanh cac metyl este (FAME) bang phan ling vai dung dich CHjONa trong metanol khan theo phuang phap Carreau va Debacq. Cac FAME thu dupe dem phan tich tren may sic ky khi Finnigan TraccGC ultra SPB-5 cot mao quan SE (30 m x 0,25 mm x 0,25nm), diu do FID, khi mang N2. Tinh dp dai mach cacbon cila phan tir axit beo su dung bang LED (Equivalent chain - lengths of methyl ester derivatives of fatty acids on Gas Chromatography), so sanh vai he chdt chuan theo phuong phap cua Christe [5,6].
3. KET QUA VA THAO LU^N 3.1 Him lupng lipit long
Ket qua v6 ham lupng lipit t6ng s6 co trpng 6 mlu Hai sam va 8 mlu CSu gai dupe trinh bay trong bang 2. Ket qua cho thay, ham lupng lipit t6ng ciia cac mlu Hai sam dao dpng trong khoang 0,27-0,52% so vdfi trpng lupng tuai. D6i vol Cku gai, ham lupng lipit tong so dao dong trong khoang 0,63 - 1,02% so vai trpng lupng tuai. Dac biet, cac mlu tning clu gai cho ham lupng lipit t6ng tk cao, tir 8,58 den 9,97 %. Ham lupng lipit t6ng CO trong cdc mlu Sao bien la 0,75 % - 2,54%. Cac kSt qua nay cung phu hpp vai k6t qua nghien ciiu da duac cong b6 ciia nhom nghien ciiu Pham Qu6c Long va cs nam 2003 [2].
Bdng 2: Hdm lirgmg lipit trong cdc mdu nghien ciru STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Ki hi^u mau HSOl HS02 HS03 HS04 HS05 HS06 CGOI TCGOl
CG02 TCG02
CG03
Ham lupng lipit t6ng (% trgng lu'png tuai)
0.27 0.29 0.52 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.67 9.24 0.78 8.58 0.63
STT
12 ' 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 - 21 22
Kihieu mlu TCG03
CG04 TCG04
SBOI SB02 SB03 SB04 SB05 SB06 SB07 SB08
Him lupng lipit tong (% trpng lupng tuoi)
9.32 1.02 9.97 2,32 1,59 1,67 0,75 2,54 1,85 1,12 1,53 3.2 Thanh phan axit beo
Ket qua phSn tich thanh phan va ham lupng axit beo co trong lipit tong ciia 6 loai Hai sam, 4 loai Cau gai, 4 mlu tning Clu gai va 8 mlu Sao bien dupe trinh bay tren bang 3 va4. 6 Hai sam, cac axit beo C16:0, C16:l(n-7), C18:0, C18:4n-3,'C20:2n-6, C20:4 (n-6), C20:5(n-3) chiem him lupng cao. 6 Ciu gai giau cac axit beo C14:0, C16:0, C18:0,
Hdi nghi Khoa hgc vd Cdng ngh? biin todn qudc Idn thu V
C20;l(n-9), C20;5n-3 EPA. Trong khi dd, d Sao bien I^i giau cac axit beo C16:0, C20:4n- 3,C20:4(n-6),C20:l(n-9).
Trong thdnh phdn axit beo cua ca 2 loai Hai Sam va Cau gai dugc nghien cuu, cdc axit beo khong no chiem ham lugng kha cao, tir 54,6 % den 67,46 % ddi vdi Hai sdm, 36,76 - 56,76 % ddi vdi Cdu gai. Trong khi dd, ham lugng cdc axit beo no chi chi6m 1/3 lugng axit beo tdng. Ci Sao bien, ham lugng axit beo khdng no cao nhat trong 3 ddi tugng dugc nghien cuu, chiem 55.05 % - 75.75 %. Ham lugng cac axit beo no thdp ban so vdi Hai sdm vd Cdu gai, chi dat 14.52 - 35.17 %.
Trong thanh phdn ciia axit beo khdng no cua cdc lodi Hdi Sdm, Cau gai va Sao biSn dugc. nghien cim chiia chu yen la cdc axit beo khdng no da ndi ddi vdi do ddi mach cacbon tir 18 " 22 (C18:4n-3. C18:3. CI8:2n-6. C20:2n-6. C20:3n-6. C20:5(n-3),'C22:3n-3.
C22:5n-3, C22:6 (n-3)t dac biet Id su cd mat cdc axit beo khdng no thugc hg co-3, co-d. Ddy Id cdc axit beo cd hoat tinh sinh hgc cao rdt dugc quan tdm bdi chung dugc cdc nha khoa hgc d nhieu nude tren the gidi khdng dinh ve khd nang ung dung cao cua chung hong cdc nganh thuc phdm, y, dugc hgc.
Ham lugng cdc axit beo hg co-3 so vdi cdc axit beo hg co-6 d Hdi sdm khdng cd su chenh lech dang ke: d lodi Holothiirla martensii 25,21/24,54; Holothurlan scabra 27.82/30.75; Actynopyga echintes 20.76/21.37; Botradschiia argiis 21.57/18.98. 6 Sao h'ihn, ham lugng to-3/(J0-6 ciing tuong tu nhu d Hai sdm, khdng cd sir chenh lech dang kh\
Linckia larvigata 19.19/24.77; Culcita novaeguineae (SB02) 17.22/20.09; Culcita novaegiiineae (SB03) 18.76/25.07; Archaster typicus 27.17/15.57; Linckia larvigata 24.72/22.04; Protoraester nodosus 15.55/15.61; Anthenae pentaganaia 18.40/15.99;
Asterope carinifera 18.91/15.54. Trong khi dd, d Cdu gai ty 1^ cdc axit beo thudc hg co- 3/C0-6 rdt khdc nhau tiiy vdo dia diem thu mau va nd ddc trung cho titng lodi. Hai mdu thu thdp d vimg bien Nha Trang la lodi Prinpneustes gratilla va Diadema setosiim cd ty le co- 3/C0-6 tuang irng Idn lugt la 32,72/1,85; 17,406/9,71. Ddi vdi 2 mdu thu thap d Quang Ninh va Hai Phdng, ket qud phdn tich cho thay, ham lugng cac axit beo thudc hg co-3 chi bdng mgt nua so vdi ham lugng cac axit beo thudc hg w'-6 {Tonopneustes pileolus 7,12/15,06;
Echinothrix calamaris 6,79/15,85).
Bdng 3: Thdnh phdn axit beo cd trong 06 mdu Hdi sdm Mau
C14:0 C15:0 C16:0 C16;I(n-7) C17;0 CI 8:0 C18:4n-3 C18:3
C18:2n-6-cLinoleic C18:ln-7
HSOl 3.517 0.797 18.243 7051 9.115
-
6.8
- -
5.286 HS02 0.792 0782 14.91 7.064 5.385
_
6.042 1.491
.
5.014 HS03
3.83 0.93 15.29 5.04 0.21 9.21 7.8
_ _
5.56 HS04
1.92 15.42
_
5.23 10.54
_ ._ _
5.05
.
HSOS 3.14
• 1.16 16.98
635 10.4
.
6.01 0.86
.
4.12 HS06
3.56 1.41 11.88 5.02 0.92 9.44 6.12 0.55 0.77 5.08
Tieu ban Sinh hgc vd ngudn lgi sinh vgt Bien
C19:0 C20;l(n-9) C20:2n-6 C20:3n-6 C20:4 (n-6) AA C20:5(n-3) EPA C20:0 C21:0 C22:3n-3 C22:5n-3 C22:6 (n-3) DHA tong SFAs UFAs PUFAs n-3 n-6
2.7 14.968
-
9.574 6.273
- -
5.448 6.693 96.47
-
34,37 62,1 49,76 25,21 24,54
2.7 11.97
-
4.539 9.753 9.198
- -
7.137 5.439 92.21
-
24,57 67,46 55.57 27.82 30.75
_
4.7
- -
15.51 12.61 2.54 2.54 5.07
- -
90.84 32,01 58,83 40.99 25.48 15,51
_
4.28 12.05 5.8 3.52 14.24
3.52 6.52
- - -
88.09 31,4 56,69 42.13 20.76 21.37
3.3 10.13 4.96
_
14.02 1.65 2.77
- -
85.85
-
30,33 55,52 35.98 20.03 15.95
0.59 4.33 10.15 7.51
-
13.44 2.8 2.08
- -
2.01 87.66 30,06
54,6 40.55 21.57 18.98 Bang 4: Thdnh phdn axit beo cd trong mdu Cdu gai
MSu C14:0 C15:0 C15:ln-5 C16:0 C16:l(n-7) C17:0 C18:0 C18:ln-9 C18:ln-7 C18:2(n-6) C18:3n-6 C18:5n-3 C19:0 C20:2 C20:l(n-9) C20:3 (n-6) C20:4 (n-6) C20:4n-3 C20:5n-3 C22:6fn-3) Tonp;
SFAs UFAs PUFAs n-3 n-6
CGOI 3.968 1.547
-
35.24 4.708 8.616
-
4.299
- _ .
10.44
_ _
1.848
_
18.562 3.719 92,946
-
47,824 45,21 34,57 32,72 1,85
TCGOl 6.22 1.54 15.23
-
7.12 2.15 4 3 5 733
-
1.92
- -
0.66 6 3 13.24
-
9.31 8.18 3.36 86,91 30,15 56,76 29,07 20,85 8,22
CO02 14.133 1.026
-
39.258 7.496 5.103
-
1.126 1.952
-
3.952 12.18 1.795
_ -
3.804
-
2.339 2.887 97,051
-
60,289 36,76 27,11 17,406 9,71
TCG02 8.25 2.13 17.4
-
6.34 1.66 5.31 6.55 2.3
-
0.56
-
634 12.31 7.83
-
8.1
-
3.14 88,22 35,31 52,91 27,71 11,24 16,47
CG03 16.32
- -
17.02 7.25 2.15
-
7.61
- - - -
8.69
-
10.32 6.37
-
7.12
-
82,85
-
35,49 47,32 22,18 7,12 15,06
TCG03 7.88 1.92 1623
-
6.64 1.51 5.25 9.75 1.86
- - -
0.37 5.15 11.72
8.25
-
8.41
-
2.67 87,61 33,16 54,45 26,34 11,08 15,26
CG04 19.42
- -
15.97 7.02 2.35
-
8.59
- - -
9.13
-
11.94 6.72
-
6.79
-
87,93
-
37,74 50,19 22,64 6,79 . 15,85
TCG04 8.67
1.8 18.82
-
6.64 1.11 4.76 10.54 1.73
- - -
0.45 4.76 12.25 8.18
-
7.83
-
2.51 90,05 35,61 .54,44 25,01 10,34 14,67
746
M S U C14:0 C15:0 C15:ln-5 C16:l(n-7) 016:0 CI7:0 C18:3(n-6) CI8:2n-6-t C18:2n-6-c C18:l(n-9) C18:l(n-7) C18:0 C19:0 C20:2 C20:3n-6 C20:4n-3 C20:4 (n-6) C20:5(n-3) C20:5n-6
C20;2n-6 C20:l(n-9) C20:ln-7 C20:0
C22:6n-3 C22:5n-3 C22:0 C24:0 tons SFAs UFAs PUFAs (B-3 01-6
Bdng SBOI
1.45 0.13
-
0.23 10.76
- -
5.77 0.08 19.04
1.45
-
1.92 10.91
-
11.87 7.32
_
8.01 12.57
-
- - - - - -
91.52 15.58 75.75 43.96 19.19 24.77
Hgi nghi Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghg bier
5: Thdnh phdn axit beo cd trong mdu SB02
0.98 2.54
-
5.99 10.08
- -,
11.33
- -
18.11 2.44 1.02 8.76
-
10.88 6.34
-
0.01 10.08
-
5.63
- - - -
94.16
-
M.52 79.65 3731
17.22 20.09
SB03 2.22 0.37 1.17 3.61 13.81 0.22
- -
0.78 6.45
-
4.57 1.08 0.63
-
6.14 11.36 10.83 12.30
-
8.52
- -
0.75 1.04
- -
85.85 22.27 63.58 43.83
18.76 25.07
SB04 1.59 0.64 1.94 1.32 11.30
1.42 0.93
-
1.59 2.50 6.36 8.85 0.84
- -
13.48 4.42 8.54 8.63
-
9.73
- -
3.09 2.07 2.79
-
92.02 27.44 64.58 42.74
2717 15.57
SB05 2.01 1.46 0.27 2.32
-
4.94
-
1.86 5.05
-
6.27
-
3.72 6.12 14.23
-
9.12 10.49
- -
14.16 1.63
-
- - - -
83.65 23.53 66.24 46.76
24.72 22.04
Sao bien SBoe
1.39 2.62 2.24 2.87 8.88 2.67
- -
8.89
-
7.78
-
3.61 5.46 10.05
-
10.15 5.5 .
- -
14.65
- - - -
5.43 92.19
-
32.38 59.71 31.16
15.55 15.61
todn qudc Idn thd V
SB07 1.22 1.78
- -
10.68 1.97
- -
9.52
-
7.33
-
3.21 4.76 12.78
-
11.23 5.62
. -
12.10
- - - -
4.22 86.42
.
35.17 55.01 34.39 18.40 15.99
SB08 2.33 1.54
- -
11.44
- - - .
10.70 6.83
-
3.71 5.32 14.02
-
10.22 4.89
- -
11.77
- . - -
82.77
-
31.17 56.92 34.45 18.91 15.54 Cac axit beo da ndi ddi thudng thdy nhdt trong hg axit beo m-3, co-6 cd trong Hai sam va Sao bien la cdc AA vd EPA vdi ham lugng kha cao, EPA dat 14,24 % d loai Actynopyga echintes, AA dat 11.36 % d loai Culcita novaeguineae (SB03). 6 Ciu gai, cac axit beo thiet yeu la AA va EPA ciing rat phd bien. Tuy nhien, ham lugng cua cdc axit beo ndy khdng cao so vdi su cd mat ciia chung d mdu Hdi sam: EPA cao nhdt chi la 7,12% d loai Tonopneustes pileolus.
Trong 6 mdu Hdi sdm nghien cuu chi cd duy nhlt mgt mdu cd mat DHA Id Botradschia argus vdi ham lugng 2,1 %. Ci 8 mdu Sao biSn cd 2 mau chiia DHA la-Culcita novaeguineae (SB03) 0.75 %, Archaster typicus 3.09 %. Cdn d 4 mau hTing Cdu gai
Tieu ban Sinh hgc vd ngudn lgi sinh vgt Biin
'iPtinpneiistes gratilla, Tonopneustes pileolus. Diadema setosiim, Echinothrix calamaris deu CO mat DHA vai ham lupng tuang iing la 3.36 %, 3.14 %, 2.67 % va 2.51%.
4. KET LUAN
Da tien hanh nghien ciiu ham lupng lipit va thanh phSn axit beo ciia 6 mau Hai sam, 4 mlu Cau gai, 4 mau tning Clu gai va 8 mlu Sao h\hn thu dupe a vimg bien Viet Nam. KSt qua cho thay, ham lupng hpit tpng ciia cac mlu Hai sam, Cau gai, Sao bien lan lupt la 0,27-0,52%; 0,63 - 1,02%; 0,75 % - 2,54% so vai trpng lupng tuai. D6i vai cac mlu tning Cau gai ham lupng lipit tong'rat cao, tit 8,58 den 9,97 %.
Trong thanh phan lipit tong ciia cac mau nghien ciiu rat giau ham lupng cac axit beo khSng no da noi doi PUFAs, d|c biet la cac axit beo co hoat tinh sinh hoac cao hp (0-3, co- 6. 6 cac mlu Hai sam, Cau gai, Sao bien cac axit beo thiet yen la C20:4 (n-6) (AA) va C20:5(n-3) (EPA) r4t ph6 bi6n. Ngoai ra, a cac mau tning cau gai va 2 mau Sao bien Culcita novaeguineae (SB03), Archaster typicus con co mat axit beo C22;6 (n-3) (DHA).
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. S6 Bich Huy, Dang Quang Trung, Biii Xuan Chuang, Nguyin Thupng Dong, D6 Trung Dim, Pham Van Hien, Vii Ngpc Lp, Pham Huy Mai, Pham Kim Man, Doan Thi Nhung, NguySn Tap, Trin Toin (2004), Cdy thudc vd dgng vgt lam thudc a Viet Nam, t§p 1, tr. 1127-1 i28, NXB KHKT.
2. Pham Qu6o Long, Doan Lan Phuong, Ciin Thi Inh, Chu Quang TruySn, Trinh Thi Thu Huang (2004), "Nghien ciiu thanh phin lipit, axit beo va boat tinh sinh hpc cac mlu sinh vat bien nganh Da gai (Echinodermata) Hai sam, Sao biin, Cau gai", Tgp chi Khoa hgc DHQGHd ngi, KHTN & CN, T. XX, No 4, tr. 11-18.
3. Truang Kinh Phong vi NNK (1963), Bong vdt chi Trung Quoc. Ngdnh dgng vdt Da gai, NXB khoa hpc.
4. Bligh E. G., Dyer W. I., Arapid method of total lipid extraction and purification Canadian Journal of Biochemistry Physiology, The national research council of Canada, 1959.
5. Carreau J. P., Dubacq J.P, Adaptation of macro-scale method to the micro-scale for fatty acid methyl transesterification of biological lipid extracts. Journal of chromatography 151 (1978) 384 -390.
6. Christie W.W., Equivalan chain lengths of methyl ester derivatives of fatty acid on gas chromatography 447 (1988) 305-314.
