KHOA HOC C d N G N G H i
H i f u Q U A I V U d i C A LOIXIG CLIA IVOIXIG H O T A I VLJIMG D A M P H A T A M G I A M G CALJ H A I ,
TilVH THLTA THIEIV HUE
Nguyin TH Tliu Huong', Bui Diic Tinh', Trinh Van Sorn', ht Khdc Phtic-' T6MTAT
Danh gia hi^u qua nuoi ca long ciia nong hp tai vung dam pha Tam Giang - Cau Hai gnip dua ra ket luan sat thuc. giai phap khac phuc va xay dung cac mo hinh phat trien thiiy san ben vung, nang cao bi^u qua kinh t^.
K^t qua khao sal theo tung huyen va dieu tra chi tiet 120 hp nuoi ca l6ng cho thay cac chi ti^u k^t qua va hi^u qua kinh t^ cua ho nuoi ca i6ng deu cho k6l qua kha kha quan ve mat kinh le bang chung cho Ihay ca 4 dia phirong di6u tra cac hp gia dinh deu co Igi nhuan lu vi^c nuoi ca long. So l6ng nuoi a cac huy^n dat 5.065 long. Sti long tr&n hp dat tir 4,07 den 9.74 long. The tich long dat tu 8.57 nv'' d^n 17,67 mV I6ng. Tdng chi phi diu tu dat tir 2.14 d^n 2.25 trieu/m' long/nam. Nang suat ca dat tir 254,1 den 2.505,3 kg/l6ng. Gia Ui gta tang cua xa Lpc Binh dat cao nhat (1.379.61 ngan dong/m^. xa Hai Duong dat 1.354,16 ngan dong/m^
thi Uan Thuan An dat 1.377,21 ngan dong/m', xa Vmh Hi^n dat thap nhat {1.297,08 ngan dong/m"). Thu nhap bon hop lai xa Lpc Binh dat 1.173.99 ngan dong/m^ {dai cao nhat), xa Vinh Hi^n dai 1.059,51 ngan d6ng/m' {thap nhat). Uri nhuan rong binh quan theo ho lai Hai Duong dat 47,28 tnpu dong/bp. tai Thuan An dat 44,59 tripu dong/hp, tai Vinh Hien cac ho nuoi ca I6ng co lai nhuan rong dgt thap nhat (31,70 tn&u d6ng/hp), Lpc Binh la xa co loi nhuan rong cao nhal (dat 74,90 trieu dong/hp). Ket qua di^u lra cung cho th^y. hi^n tai cac hp nuoi dang gap phai mot so kho khan, can tra nhu vdn. ky thuat,... va cac chinh sach ctia Nhit nuoc. Tuy nhien tat ca cac ho dc^u co nguyen vpng mong mudn phat tridn them Idng nuoi, phAl tiidn theo hudng h^ng hoa va can hd tra li'ong qua trinh Ufiu thu san pham.
TLT kh6a: Pha Tam Giang. Thiia Thidn - Hud. ca. nude ngot, hieu qua.
I.BATVANDE
Vimg dam pha Tam Giang - Cdu Hai. tinh Thira Thien - Hue vai dien tich khoang 5.200 ha, co ti^m nang rat lon vk dien tich mat nuoc, dieu kien thoi tiet khi hau thich hgp vm cac ddi tugng nuoi ca cd gia tri kmh te, nguon giong sinh san nhan tao va ttr nhien kha phong phti, cac doi tuong nuoi cho chat Iuong thit thoTO ngon va co Icha nang tieu thtj lan [8]. Tuy nhien, den nay van chua co nghien cuu va danh gia chi tiet nao ve thtrc h'ang, hieu qua kinh te cua viec nuoi ca long a nong hp. Cung nhu cac vimg kinh te khac, tai dam pha Tam Giang - Cau Hai cung chiu tac dong ciia gia ca thi truong thuong [3], no tac dgng rat lon den cac hg dan san xuat, day la viec chting ta can danh gia va ban che [5], [7]. Ngucri dan can danh gia duoc hieu qua ciia qua binh san xuat [10], [11], [13], dong thai de xuat cac bien phap hieu qua trong qua binh san xua't, cai ben phuong thtrc san xuat truyen thdng [12]. Nghien cihi nay nh&m muc dich danh gia thuc trang nuoi ca long ciia ho dan tir do
Tnrdng Dai hpc Kinh tc. Dai hpc Hue
" Tmdng Dai hpc Ndng Liim, Dai hpc Hue Email: [email protected].\n
lam ca sa 6k xuat viec phat tri^n nuoi ca l6ng phii hop, dem lai hieu qua kinh te cao, an toan va ben vimg.
Z. PHUDNG PHAP NGHBy CUU
Ti^n hanh di^u tra xa hpi hpc thong qua phong van nhdm va cac ca nhan, thu thap cac thong tin ve kinh nghiem, ki^n thirc, ky nSng, mtic do dau tu hg nuoi ca long theo phuong phap di&u h'a nhanh ndng thdn CO su tham gia ciia nguoi dan (PRA) sau do phan tich s6 Ueu vk cac khoan chi phi san xuat, doanh thu tren m^ l6ng nudi trong hoat dong nuoi ca long theo phuong phap ciia Bravo - Ureta. B. E va cgng su [9].
Dieu tra ve so lugng long nuoi theo ttmg huyen, khao sat chi tiet ve thuc trang nuoi ca Idng ciia cac hg a cac xa Hat Duong, thi xa Huong Tra; thi Iran Thuan An, huyen Phti Vang; xa Vinh Hien va xa Ldc Binh, huyen Phii Ldc. Day la cac dia phuong cd nhidu hd nuoi va sd Idng nuoi dien hinh cho viing dam pha Tam Giang; dac biet ngudn sinh ke da so hp dan phii thugc vao nganh nghe nay. Tong so hd di6u lra 120 hg (30 hd a Hai Duong, 30 hg thi Iran Thuan An, 30 hg a xa Vinh Hien va 30 hg a xa Loc Binh).
Then gian di4u ti'a tir thang 1/2018 - 1/2019.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 9/2019 119
• S i .
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Hinh 1. Cic dia phuong dupc l i ^ chgn d i ^ tra t vung dim phi Tam Giang - Ciu Hai Tr^n ccr sa so li$u va thong tin dupc thu thap.
kit h(ip sii dung phuong piiap h$ch toan - -^^^^
theo cac chi Iji'u danh gia liet qua va hieu 1""
te. Cac so lieu tren duoc ma hoa. nhSp va xT l> B phan mem SPSS 20.0 va ph.in mini Miiiosoll xce 2010
3. KtT QUA NGIH CUU V« TIM LUM
3.1. Sd lupng vi dJc d i t o ling nu6i t?i cic dja phuong ft vtuig dim ph4 Tam Giang - Ciu Hai
Bang 1 cho thSv hien nay hinh thiic nuoi ca long phat trifn phd bifn va mang dnh chat lan chiem niat niroc viing dam pha mot each tu phat. tap trung chu yen o huyfn Phii Vang (thi trin Thuan An, xa Phu Thu?n, Phii Hai. Phu Dien. Vinh Tlianh, Vinh Phii, Phu Da, Phii Xu.in): huyen Phu Loc (Vinh Hung.
\ m h Hifn, Lpc Binh, thi uin Ung Co); thi xa Huong TrSn CO so so lieu va thong tin duoc thu thap, ^ ™" "'^n. l^c Bmh, thi unn uing co;, mi.sa .,^.,.^6 nghien ciiu nay sii dung phuong phap phan tich Tra (Hai Duong, Huong Phong): huyen Quang Oien thong ki mo ta (descnptive statistical analysis tools). (Onang C6nR).
TT I 1 2 3 4
n
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
m
1 2 IV 1 VBing 1. Sd 16ng nudi thpc ti Dia phuong Huyfn Phii Ldc Xa Vinh Hien Xa Lpc Binh Thi tran Lang Co Xa Vinh Hung Huy^n Phii Vang Thi tran Thuan An Xa Phu Tliuaii Xa I'hii Hai xa Phu Dien Xa Vinh Thanh xa Vinh Phii Xa Phii Da Xa Phii Xuan Thi xa Huong Tra Xa Hai Duong Xa Huong Phong H u y ^ Quang Diin Xa Quang Cong Tdng cdng
t ^ cir dja phuong ft vimg dim phi Tam Giang - So long nam 2018
(cai) 2.600 1.200 500 600 300 1.495 1.100 120 20 120
10 50 25 50 920 900 20 50 50 5.065
So voi ciing ky nam 2017 (c-ii)
1.040 340 23(1 4511 20 659 400 60 6 75 9 44 22
4 3 ^ 585
565 20 30 30 2.314
Ciu Hai Ty le 2018 so vdd
2017 (%) 250,0 352,9 217,4 133,3 1500,0 226,9 275,0 200,0 333,3 160,0 111,1 113,6 113,6 116,3 157,3 159,3 100,0 166,7 166,7 218,9 (Ngudm Dieu tia nhanh ta cic huyen cua tinh ThOa Thien-ffue) Sd lupng Idng nudi ngay cang tang nhanh mdt mdi hg co tren 10 Idng. co hd diu tu den 30 - 40 long each dang ke, mdt sd \-iing nudi trpng diem nhu Vmh nudi, ngoai ra cac ho deu cd trung binh 1 2 long Hien, thi tran Thuan .\n. xa Hii Duong, xa Ldc Binh kich eft mit ludi nhd phuc vu uong gmnE C t h ' hp nudi dau tu sd lupng long kha nhieu. trung binh nam 2011 la 1.880 long, nam 2012 la 2 4(K) r 120 N O N G NGHIEP V A PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 9/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE hi^n nay hon 5.000 long. S6 long nudi tang nhanh
chti yeu do thiet hi long, h^ thong co sovat chat don gian. re tien. nguiri nuoi co hieu qua kinh te nen ngucri dan dk dau tu.
Do cac doi tuong ca nuox: Ig co gia tri kinh te cao va dk ti6u thu, voi thuc te khong ngung gia tang v^
sd lugng long nudi, du kien trong thoi gian den, neu khong CO quy hoach va quy dinh d^ quan ly tinh trang phat trien tu phat, cac xa viing dam pha cd di^u ki&n thuan lgi ve dg man, dp sau va luu tdc dong chay se tiep tuc phat trien tu phat anh huong nghiem trpng den moi truong, hoat dgng nudi trong thuy san trong viing, vi vay cdn phai dua ra chinh sach phat trien va quy hoach hgp ly [6].
A'e dau tu long nudi, kel qua dieu tra cho thay, kich thuoc long tir 8 m\ 10 m^ 13 m'. 18 m \ 24 m' va 36 m^ trong do phan ldn khoang 13 m^. chiem 90%.
Ket cau long nudi chii yeu bang luoi co kich co' mat luoi 2a = 2 - 3 cm. khong co khung Idng: long luoi duoc cgt chat bon goc vao he thdng cgc ire hoac dan tre. Mot so lugmg long rat nho co hb thdng khung long bang sat kich co (1,5 m x 1 m x 1 m hoac 1 m x 1 m X 1 m). H^u het cac I6ng nudi ciia cac hO di^u tra tai 4 dia phuong trong nghien cuu nay d^u co h^
thdng dan tre lap dat trgn mat nude, giup thudn li^n de di lai cham sdc.
Chi tieu Sd Idng nu6i/hp The tich long nudi (mVldng) Thf tich long nhan nudi theo hd (mVhd)
Hai Duong 4,07 17,67 71,87
Thuan An 4,40 14,88 65,45
Vinh Hifn 6,23 8,57 53,42
Ldc Binh 9,47 11,27 106,70
Trung binh 6,04 13.10 74,36 Qua di6u hra cho thay. chi phi binh quan cho 1
I6ng nuoi co kich thuoc 8,57 - 17,67 nr' nuoc la 2,5 tri^u dong, thoi han su dung l6ng nuoi khoang 5 nam, thi gia tri khau hao long nuoi binh quan 1 nr' vao khoang 38 nghin ddng trong 1 nam. Nhu vay, n^u ap dung each tinh khau hao va dira vao sd li^u di^u tra thi khau hao tai san cd dinh binh quan 1 m' Idng nudi ca long ciia cac hg dieu tra vao khoang 25 nghin ddng.
3.2. Muc do d^u tu cho hoat dOng nudi c^ Idng b ckc xa di^u tra
B ^ 3. Miic do dau tu cho hoat dgng nudi
(Ngudn: Sdlidu dieu tra cua tic gii) Qua bang 3 cho thay trong hogt dgng nudi ca long chi phi thuc an, chi phi long nuoi va sau do moi den chi phi con gidng. Cu th^ sd li$u dieu tra chi phi thuc an cua cac xa Hai Duong, thi tran Thuan An, xa Vinh Hien la gidng nhau chi^m ty trgng 42,6%. Ki^ng xa Lpc Binh chi phi thiic an cd thap han so voi cac xa didu tra 41,2%. Cd the ndi chinh thtic an la dieu ki^n dam bao cho qua trinh sinh trudng va phat triln cua ca. Thuc te nghien cuw chi phi ddu tu thuc an la loai chi phi lon nhat trong tat ca cac loai chi phi.
c^ Idng a dtc hd nudi tgi cac dja phuong
Donvi tinh: 1000 d/iii' Chi Ueu
1. Chi phi bung gian (IC) - Gidng
-Thlic an
- Nhien lieu, phdng trir dich benh - Chi phi khac
2. Chi phi LD thue ngoai (LD) 3. Chi phi lai vay (R) 4. Chi phi tu cd (Ch) - Lao ddng gia dinh - Thlic an, gidng 5. Khiu hao TSCD (D)
Tdng chi phi (C)
Hai Duong 1.542,66
303,22 1.130,93
13,50 95,01 146,80 52,17 472,00 366,99 105,01 25,28 2.238,90
Thuan An 1.530,30 295,46 1.126,03
13.80 95,00 146,16 54,16 470,40 365,40 105,00 25,27 2.226,28
Vinh Hien 1.544,61 300,89 1.135,21
13,50 95,01 144,42 67,88 466,05 361,04 105,01 25,28 2.248,23
Ldc Binh 1.463,10 295,16 1.059,23
13,50 95,21 146,80 33,55 472,00 367,00 105,00 25,27 2.140,73 Ngudn: Sd lieu dieu tra cua tic gii
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 9/2019 121
Tu bang 3 ta thay chi phi thuc an chiem t\- trong cao nhat sau do den chi phi lam long va con giong.
Viec nuoi ca long chu y&u la tan dung sue lao dgng trong gia dinh vdi muc dich lay cong lam lai de tang them thu nhap. Vi vay chi phi lao dgng gia dinh va vdn tu cd chua dtrpc cac chu hg nudi tinh mdt each rd rang. Tir viec phan tich chi phi va co cau chi phi co the de ra dugc cac giai phap nham giam gia thanh nang cao lgi nhuan trong san xual. Qua dd cho thay neu giam dugc gia mua thuc an va cac vat dung lam Idng nuoi, con gidng se cd y nghia quan trgng trong nang cao Igi nhuan ciia nghe nudi ca long oia viing dam pha Tam Giang - Cau Hai.
Dieu dang chii y a day la thuc an chi cd thiic an tuoi (ca tap) khong cd thiic an cong nghiep day du chat dinh duiriig cho ca phat tri^n va phat tri&n nhanh d l nit ngdn thdi gian nudi. He so Ihuc an cang thdp cang lot vi nd se gtam chi phi ddu lu, giam gia thanh ca thuong pham. do dd trong qua trinh nudi ngudi nudi phai tidn hdnh cho an mgt each phii hpp theo timg giai dogn smh trudng ciia ca dam bao cho ca phdt tridn tdt nhung lai khong lang phi va lam 6 nhi^m moi tnrong khi lugng thiic an du thua. Gia thlic An cdn phu thugc vao tung miia, miia he gia 1 kg thlic an tir binh quan tir 10.000 - 15.000 ddng.
nhtmg miia dong tir 16.000 - 20.000 ddng, ciing tiiy thugc va timg nam do ngu dan khai thac cac loai ca nhd (ca tgp). Tuy nhi^n ty 1& thiic an ciia xa Lpc Binh thdp hon so vdi 3 dja ban nghien ciiu khac nhiing loi nhuan rdng cua xa Lgc Binh van thap hon cac dia phuong khac la do trong qua trinh nuoi ty le hao hiit nhidu nen san lupng thu hoach thdp hon cac noi khac (do mdi tnrdng nuoc bi nggt hda) nuoi ca Idng tgi xa Loc Binh cho thay gia thuc an phu thuoc hoan loan vao tu nhien nen gia ca rat bap benh khong dn dinh dieu nay kha khac biet voi danh gia ciia Le Van Thang nam 2005 [6]. Gidng la mot khau rat quan trgng "nhan nao qua dy" dd cd mgt 16 ca gidng chat luong thi hg nuoi phai lua chon ky. Giong ca chii yeu phu thugc vdo tu nhien nhu d- xa Lpc Binh. xa Vinh Hidn, xa Hai Duong, hp nuoi trdng da phan la khai thac gidng tu nhien de nudi ca thuang pham. Thdi gian tha gidng phai lien hanh vao liic chidu mat.
tranli trinh trang ca bi sdc khi tir moi truong nay sang mdi trudiig khac.
3.3. Nang sudt cdc logi cd nudi Idng b viing ddm phd Tam Giang - Cdu Hai
Ddi tupng nudi long khd da dgng. gdm cdc lo^
ca Vki. cd Nau, cd Hong, cd Mu. cd Hong MV; ^ Chim \a\' vdng. Do cdc ddi tupng cd mroc l^r co gta kinh te cao vd dk tieu thu. vtn thyc (o khdng ngung gia tang vd sd lupng Idng nudi. dtr kidn trong f"
gian ddn. ndu khdng cd quy hoach va quy dinh dt qudn ly tinh trang phat Irien tu phal. cdc xa vung dam phd cd didu ki^n thuan lgi ve dg man. do sdu va luu tdc ddng chay se tiep tuc phat tndn tu phat. anh huong nghi&m trpng ddn moi trudng. hoat dpng nuoi trdng thuy san trong vimg, n vgy cdn phal dua ra chinh sdch phat tridn va quy hogch hop Iy [U. |2].
Bang 4. Nang sudt trung binh cua cd Idng ou6i b vimg ddm phd Tam Gianp - Cdu Hai Ddi tupng
Ca Chem I Ca Hdng My
Ca Mu Ca Hdng Hanh Ca Gio Ca Villi
Nang suat fl(g/ldng)
855.5
1.255.2
Khdi lugng trung binh 1
conflig) 1.5 1,7 2,0
4.0 402,5 I 1,7
Thdi gian nuoi (thdng)
7,0 8,0
14,0 12,0 Ngudn: Sdlieu didu tia ciia tic gia San lugng ca long nuoc Ig tang mgnh trong nhiing nam gdn day, nam 2018 long san Iuong nuoi ca long nude Ip viing dam pha Tam Giang - Cdu Hai - Lang Co dat tren 9 nghin tan. nang suat trung binh 0,3 - 0,5 idn/ldng, chii ydu ca Chem, ca Hdng My, ca Vau. ca Mil. Cd Chem nang suat dat 855,5bkg/ldng, ca Hdng My dat 904,2 kg/long, ca Mu dat nSng suat cao nhat (2.505.3 kg/ldng), ca Gio dgt 1.255,2kg/ldng. thdp nhat la ca Hdng Hanh (254.1 kg/ldng) trong khi dd nang suat ca Vau dat 402,5 kg/ldng. Khdi lupng dat tu 0,8 kg ddn 4,0 k g / con, thdi gian nuoi tir 7 den 18 thang.
3.4. Hi§u qud kinh t^ hi vi§c nudi cd Idng Theo ket qua thdng ke va tinh loan tir ngudn sd lieu dieu tra, cii mpt m^ long nuoi ca cua cac hg dieu tra (tinh trong 1 nam) mang lai long gia tri san xuat dgt gan 2,9 trieu ddng. tuong ung vdi miic thu nhap hon hgp khoang 1,1 trieu ddng va lai rong 658 nghin ddng. So vdi 4 dia phuong duoc lua chon didu tra xa Loc Binh (thudc huyen Phu Loc) duoc danh gia Id dia phmmg cd ket qua nuoi cd long dat 6 miic cao nhat tiep den la Thuan An (huyen Phu Vang, rimg NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 9/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE 6 vi tri thir 3 la xa Hai Duong (thi xa Huang Tra).
Tuy nhi^n, mtic ch^nh l^ch la khdng ddng ke.
Dua vdo kdt qua tinh toan cac chi tieu phan anh hi$u qua kinh te cho thay, mo hinh nuoi ca long ciia cac hp didu tra tgi vimg ddm phd Tam Giang - Cdu Hai cho hidu qua kinh td neu xet trong dieu kien san xudt binh thudng, khdng cd cdc cii sdc ve dich benh vd bidn dpng gid ca thi tnrdng. Cu the: cii 1 ddng chi phi trung gian ma cac hg chi cho hoat dpng nuoi ca long xet trong dieu kidn khong cd nhieu riii ro san xuat va thi trudng thi cd the mang lgi 0,89 ddng gid tri gia tang. Ben canh dd, ndu bo ra 1 ddng chi phi sdn xuat, se tao ra 0,55 ddng thu nhgp hdn hgp va 0,33 ddng lgi nhuan cho cac nong hg.
Bang 5. Higu qua kinh td nudi cd Idng dia cdc bp didu tra
Nhu vay, vol Igi thd vd mat nude d vimg ddm phd Tam Giang - Cdu Hai, cac nong hp da tidp cgn khai thdc, sii dung co hieu qud ve ngudn Itrc tu nhien sdn cd de phdt trien them sinh ke. giai quyet viec ldm tgi chd gdp phdn nang cao thu nhgp cho nguiri dan. Viec dp dung mo hinh nuoi ca Idng da mang lai cho mdi hp binh quan khodng 100 trieu ddng gia tri gia tang, gdn 85 trieu ddng thu nhgp hdn hpp va gan 50 trieu ddng trong mgt nam. Kdl qua ndy da giiip cac ndng hg gidm bdt su phu thugc vao vi&c ddnh bat thuy san tu nhien, dac biet la da dgng hda cac logi hinh nudi nham gidm thieu nhieu riii ro trong san xuat ndu nhu chi dua vao nuoi chuyen tdm.
Chi tidu Gia tri san xuat (GO) Gia tri gia tang (VA - GO-IC) Thu nhap hdn hoji (Ml - VA-D-LD-R) Loi nhuan rdng (NB - GO-TC) Gia tri gia tang / hd
Thu nhap hdn hgp binh quan/ ho Lpi nhugn rdng / hd VA/IC
MI/TC NB/TC
Donvi tinh 1.000 d/rn=
1.000 A/m>
1.000 d / m ' 1.000 d / m ' 1.000 d/hd 1.000 d/hd 1.000 d/hd
Ldn Lan Lan
Hai Duong 2.8%.82 1.354,16 1.129,92 657,92 97.323,34 81.207,42 47.284,85 0,88 0,50 0,29
Thuan An 2.907,50 1.377,21 1.151,62 681,22 90.138,20 75.373,53 44.585,98 0,90 0,52 0,31
Vinh Hifn 2.841,69 1.297,08 1.059,51 593,46 69.290,17 56.599,24 31.702.74 0,84 0,47 0,26
Ldc Binh 2.842,71 1.379,61 1.173,99 701,98 147.204,39 125.264,20 74.901,59 0,94 0,55 0,33 Danh gia mdt each tdng the cho thay, md hinh
nudi cd long d viing ddm pha Tam Giang - Cdu Hai ciia tinh Thira Thien - Hue da mang lgi hieu qua kinh td ndu nhu xem xet trong dieu kien san xuat binh thudng. Tuy nhien. khi di sau phan tich chi tidt cu the thi mo hinh nudi trdng nay dang bdc Ig nhidu diem han chd va bat cap. Trudc het, phuong thiic nuoi dp dung trong md hinh nuoi ca long la quang canh cai ben. viec dp dung khoa hgc cdng nghe va ky thuat nudi tien tien cdn rat han che; co sd ha tdng.
trang thidt bi, nguyen vat lieu phuc vu nudi cd Idng hi?n van dang cdn rat thd so, khdng dap img dupc y6u cau vd mat ky thuat, khong tao dupc khong gian thdng thoang dd ca sinh trudng va phat trien o muc tdi da.
Hon the nua, nuoi ca Idng nude Ig trong vimg dam phd phat trien mot each tu phat, vdn de bd tri Idng nudi. lan chiem dien tich mat nuoc van thudng xuyen xay ra. gay f a n h chap mat nude giiia cac ho nuoi vd can tro luu thong ddng chay. anh hudng my
(Ngudn: Tinh toin tu dir lidu didu tia cua tic gii) quan, giao thdng, an ninh trat lu vimg ddm phd. Hau het cac ddi tugng nudi ca long sir dung thirc an tuoi sdng do dac tnmg cua nudi ca long la cd luu tdc ddng chay. vi vay viec sir dung thiic an cong nghiep dgng noi se khdng phii hop. Didu nay dang dat ra nhi^u thdch thlic cho cac co quan quan ly trong viec kiem soat chat lupng moi trudng nude a vimg ddm pha.
Qua bang 5 cho ta thay; cii mgt m'' Idng nudi cd tai cac dia ban didu tra trong 1 nam se tao ra: Gia tri san xudt (GO) cua xa Hai Duong dgt 2,896,82 ngan ddng/ m \ thi Iran Thuan An la 2,907,50 ngan ddng/m\ xa Lgc Binh la 2,842,71 ngan ddng/m', xa Vinh Hidn la 2,841,69 ngan ddng/m'\ Nhu vay, gia tri doanh thu cua xa Vinh Hidn thap nhdt, thi tran Thuan An cao nhat. Gia tri gia tang (VA) ciia xa Hai Duong dat 1.354,16 ngan ddng/m^, thi tran Thuan An dat 1.377.21 ngan ddng/m^ xa Ldc Binh dgt 1.379,61 ngan ddng / m ^ xa Vinh Hidn dat 1.297,08 ngdn ddng /m^. Nhu vay, gia tri gia tang cua xa Vinh Hien thap nhdt. xa Lgc Bmh dat cao nhat. Thu nhap hdn hpp tai NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 9/2019 123
xa Hai Duong dat 1.129.92 ngdn d6ng/ni\ thi tran Thuan .Vi dat 1.151,62 ngdn d d n g / m \ xa Loc Binh dgt 1.173,99 ngdn ddng/m^. xa Vinh Hien dat 1.059.51 ngan ddng/m^ Xhu vay, thu nhap hdn hop cua xa Vmh Hidn van thdp nhat, xa Loc Binh dat cao nhdt.
Lpi nhuan rdng binh quan theo ho dgt 47,28 tridu ddng/ hg tai Hai Duong. 44.59 trieu ddng/ hp tai Thugn An. tgi Vinh Hien cdc hp nuoi ca Idng cd lgi nhuan rdng dgt thap nhdt (31.70 bieu ddng /hp), tgi Lpc Binh cd lpi nhuan rdng cao nhdt dat 74,90 tri^u ddng/ho.
4 . KFT LUAN VA BE NBHI 4.1. Kdt ludn
- Vimg ddm phd Tam Giang - Cau Hai rat thich hpp cho vi^c nudi cd Idng theo ndng hp, cd trien vpng phat tridn va tgo thu nhgp on dinh cho ngucri dan.
- Xa Lpc Binh Id dia phuong cd mo hinh nuoi ca Idng cho hidu qua cao nhaL
4.2. Dd nghi
- Tidp tyc danh gid chat lugng ca long d cdc dia phuong, xay dung chudi gia tri cho san phdm ca long a khu vuc ddm pha Tam Giang - Cdu Hai.
- Quy hoach phdt trien, tap huan vd nhan rpng mo hinh nhan nuoi cd long theo phuong thiic nhan nudi cua ngirdi dan tgi thi tran Thuan An.
- Dieu tra ve nhu cau con gidng. xay dung cac md hinh. cdc ddi tupng nudi cd gia tri kinh te de cd djnh hirdng, dd xudt phat trien ve sdn xuat con gidng.
ddi tupng nudi, thi tnrdng Ueu thu sdn pham mang tinh chat tap trung, quy md hang hda.
- Sd Ndng nghiep & PTNT tinh Thua Thien - Hud can cd chinh sdch hpp tac vm Trudng Dgi hoc Ndng Lam, Dgi hpc Hue trong nghien ciiu. de xuat xay dung cac ti-gi gidng cho de cd bien. ung dung va chuyen giao khoa hpc cdng nghe vd nghien cuu sinh san nhan lao cac ddi tupng nudi cd gia tri kinh te de phuc vu ngudi nuoi nhu ca mu, ca gid, cd vau, cd ong can, ong bdu, ca nau,...
- Tang cudng cong tdc dao tao nghd, tap huan ky thuat de trang bi kien thuc ca ban cho ngudi dan ve ky thuat thiet ke long be, ky thuat nuoi cac ddi tugng mdi CO gia tri kinh te cao.
LOI CAM ON
Kdt qui nghien ctiu niy thudc dir in do sd Khoa hoc i.? Cdng nghe tinh Tliua Thidn - Hud ho tra kinh phi cho NCSdieu tra. danh gia.
TAI LEU THAM KHAO
I. C h i c u c T h u y s a n - S 6 N N & l T N T t i " h T ^ , ^ Thien - Hue (2018). Bio cao kdt quas:ui suat la Di hinh quan ly thuy sin nSm 2017. phuong huong nhidm vu nSm 201S. Thira Thien - Hue.
• 2. Ch, cue Thuy san - Sd .NNiFT.NT linh Ihira Thito - Hud (2019). Bio cao kel qui sin xuat va tinh hinh quan ly thuy sin nam 201A Phuong huong nhidm vu nSm 2019. Thira Thien - Hud.
3. Nguydn Qudc Nghi, Le Tlij Didu Hidn (2014). Rui ro thi tiirdng tivng sin xuat ndng nghifp cua ndng li0 d ddng bang sdng Cau Long.
Tap chi Khoa hgc - Dji hpc Can Tho, sd 33, tx 38 - 44.
4. VS van Phii, Hoang Dinh Trung (2012).
Khio sat su bien ddng vd thinh phan loii ddng vit ndi (zooplankton) o dam pha Tam Giang - Cau Hai tinh Thoa Thien • Hue'. T?p chi Khoa hoc - Dai hpc Hue. Tap 75A So 6, (2012), 123-133.
5. Ld Thi Xuan Quynh (2011), Rui ro ti-ong sin xuit ndng nghiep cua hd gia dinh ndng tiidn &
I 'let Nam: Thi/c tiimg va khuydn nghi chinh sich, dd tai KH&CN cap Bp. Vien Nghien cuu Quan ly kinh tc Trung uong.
6. Lc Van Thang (2005). Thich tilde tii viec nudi tidng thuy sin ven dam phi Tam Giang ~ Cau Hal hidn nay va mdt sd giii phip kliic phuc. Ky ydu Hpi thao qudc gia ve dam pha. Hue 2005.
7. NguySn Thj Ngpc Trang (2011). Rijiro bien ddng gii ci tiong hoal ddng sin xuit ndng nghiep.
Tap chi Phat tridn Kinh td, sd 243, tr 55 • 61.
8. UBND Unh Thira Thien-Hud (2015). Sea/7 Quy hoach nudi ci Idng nadc la tien vung dam phi Tam Clang - Cau Hai - Ung Cd ti'nh Thoa Thien - Hud.
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M. Maripani. J. F, Thiam. A. Rivas. T (2007).
Technical efficiency in farming: a meta-regression analysis. Journal of Productivity Analysis Vol 27 .Nol,pp57-72.
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II. Patrick. G. F, Wilson. R N, Barry P J Boggess. W. G, Young. D. L (1985). Risk perceptions and managemem reponsc geneialed hypothesis for risk modeling. Southern Journal of 124 N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 9/2019
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
Agricultural Economics. Vol 17. Nu 2. pp 231 - 238 13. Thiam. X Bravo - Ureta. B. E va Rivas. T. E 12. Schullz. T. W (1964). Transformmg (2001). Technical efficiency in developing country traditional agricultiire. Chicago: University of agriculture: a iiieta analysis. Agricultural Chincago Press. Economics, \'oi 25. pp 235 - 243.
EFFECTIVE OF FISH FARMING AT FARM AREAS IN TAM GIANG - CAU HAI LAGOON, THUA THIEN - HUE PROVINCE
Nguyen Thi Thu Huong', Bui Due Tmh\ Trinh Van Son', Le Khac Phuc^
' University of Economic, Hue University -University ofAgricuMre and Forestry, Hue University Eniaih [email protected]. vn Summary
Assessing the eflectiveness of farming fish cage in households in die Tam Giang - Cau Hai lagoon helps to draw realistic conclusions, propose solutions to overcome and build models of sustainable fisheries development, improve efficiency economy. Survey results by district and detailed surveys of 120 cage fish farmers show that the results and econormc efl3ciency of cage fish fanners all produce quite positive economic resulls. In 4 provinces, all households surveyed benefited fi^om cage culture. Number of cages in districts reached 5,065 cages. The number of cages per household ranges from 4.07 to 9.74 cages. Cage volume reaches from 8.57 m' to 17.67 mVcage. The total invesunent cost is from 2.14 to 2.25 million/m^
cage/year. Fish productivity reaches from 254.1 to 2,505.3 kg/cage. The highest added value of Loc Binh commune (1,379.61 thousand VND/mO. Hai Duong commune reaches 1.354.16 thousand VND/m\ Tiiuan An town reaches 1,377.21 tliousand VND/nr'. Vinh Hien commune reaches the lowest (1,297.08 thousand VND/m^. Mixed income in Loc Bmh commune reached 1,173.99 thousand VND/m' (the highesl), Vinh Hien commune reached 1,059.51 tliousand VND/ni' (the lowest). The average net profit per household in Hai Duong is 47.28 million VND / household, in Thuan An is 1-1,59 million VND/household, in Vinh Hien cage fish farmers have the lowest net profit (31.70 million VND/household), Loc Bmh is the commune with the highest net profit (reaching 74.90 million VND/household). The survey resulls also show that, currently, fanners are facing a number of difficulties and obstacles such as capital, technology,... and goveniment policies. However, all households wish to develop more cages, develop commodity-onented and need support in the consumption process.
Keywords: Tam Giimglagoon, Tiiua Thien - Hue, hsb. fresh water, effectively.
Ngudi phan bi^n: TS. Duong Nggc Thi NgAy nhan b^: 19/7/2019 Ng^y thdng qua phan bi^n: 19/8/2019 Ng4y duyet dSng: 26/8/2019
N O N G NGHIEP VA PHATTRIEN N O N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 9/2019 125
