Van Mdn (Sakaya). Tim hiiu ve nghe thuat Gdm Champa
@20I9 Vien Nghi§n ci>u An D§ v i TSy Nam A Tgp chi Nghi§n cii'U An Dp vS Chau A So 7 (80), thang 7-2019 http://viisas.v3ss gov.vn ISSN: 0866-7314
Tim hieu ve nghe thuat Gom Champa
Van Mon (Sakaya) *
Trudng Dgi hoc Khoa hoc xa hoi va Nhdn vdn Tp. Ho Chi Minh
Ngdy nhgn bai: 16/03/2019, ngdy giri phdn bien. 14/06/2019, ngay duyet dang: 15/07/2019
T/^uang qudc Champa cd a mien Trung Viet Nam cd mgt nen nghe thuat dgc ddo, phong phii ve V diiu khdc, kiin triic. dm nhgc, kim hoan. ddng tau .. nhung ddng chuy nhdt Id nghe thuat Idm gdm. Nghe thuat gdm dugc xem la di sdn vd gid ciia vdn minh Champa, timg cd mdt thai kyphdt triin rue ra tgi khu vuc Ddng Nam A tru&c thi ky XV, nd vira mang dgc diem rieng ciia dia phuang vd vira mang dgc diem chung ciia sdn phdm gdm trong khu vuc. Nghe Idm gdm truyin thdng giir mdt vai trd to lan trong doi sdng, sinh hogt hdng ngdy ciia mdi gia dinh vd trong vdn hda tin nguang cua cdng ddng ngu&i Chdm. Bdi viet se tim hieu vi dgc trung nghe thudt gdm Champa vd suphd biin tgi mdt sd qudc gia chdu A. thdng qua "nghe thuat gdm Chdm" sephdn ndo tim hieu ve dai sdng vat chdt vd tinh thdn cua ngudi Chdm
Tir khda: Nghe thuat, gom, Champa, di san
Mffdau
Vuang qudc Champa tdn tai a miln Trung Viet Nam tir thd ky II din dau the ky XIX thi hgi nhap vao cdng ddng cac dan tgc Viet Nam. Theo sd lieu Tdng dieu tra dan sd va nha d nam 2009, ngudi Cham d Viet Nam co dan sd 161.729 ngudi, sinh sdng d nhieu tinh thanh khac nhau nhu Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan, An Giang, Tay Ninh, Dong Nai, Tp. Ho Chi Minh. Hien nay, hg cdn luu giii mdt sd di san van hda Uuyen thdng mang ban sac rieng. Ngoai he thdng tin nguong, ton giao. Id hdi, hg cdn sang tao ra nhieu loai hinh nghe thuat dac sic nhu kien triic ddn thap, dieu khic tugng tha, che tac kim hoan, det vai nhung ndi bat nhit la nghe thuat lam gdm. Gdm Champa mot thdi rit ndi tieng, lan tda tren con dudng thuang mai d chau A, co mat a nhidu vimg, nhidu quoc gia khac nhau tir mien Bac, Tay Nguyen (Viet Nam) ddn Nhat Ban, Philippines, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thai Lan, Lao, Campuchia.
1. Dac diem cua Gom Champa /./. Gom Sa Huynh - Quang Ngai
Ndi din gdm Cham diu tien phai noi din gdm Sa Huynh, gin vdi di tich Sa Huynh d mien Tmng Viet Nam, each ngay nay 3.000 nam, tap tmng nhilu nhit d Quang Ngai. Loai gdm nay dugc cac nha khoa hgc nhan dinh la: gdm thd, Idm bdng tay. khdng bdn xoay, khdng khudn diic, khdng trdng men; diing hdn ke, kithudtchdi, miit ldng vd nung Ig thien. Sdn phdm gdm chii yeu Id dd dung nhu chum (jek), binh, Ig
Nghien ciiu An Dd va Chau A. Sd 7 - 2019, U,39-45 39
van Mdn (Sakaya). 77m hiiu vi nghi thugi^dmCh^HS^
(balok) do ndu nhu noi (gok), dm nu&c (kadi) vd cdc do dimg ciing ii nhu mam cd de (cambak)- chil yiu Id miing tron, miingloe, miengkhum, bungphinh, vai gdm xudi, dit (day gdm) hinh qua Trong dd sdn phdm ddc trung phd biin ciia gdm Sa Huynh dugc tim thdy trong di chi khdo co ta (jek. jar) cd kich thudc lan dugc diing chdn ngirdi chit (Vo Cdng Quy, 1991). Nhihig dac trung gdm Sa Huynh, hien nay cdn cd the tim thiy d lang gdm Bau Tnic (Ninh Thuan), gdm lang Bm ^ (Binh Thuan) va xa hon niia ta gdm cua ngudi Chum - Kaho lang Krango (Lam Ddng)- Dac bie , g Bau Tnic (Ninh Thuan) c6 ylu to ndi Udi hon ca va rit gin gui vdi gdm Sa Huynh. Vi the, cac nha ^oa hgc danh gia gom Bau Tnic la gom cd nhat cdn sot lai khdng nhtrng d' Viet Nam ma ca khu vuc g Nam A (Trmh Sinh, 2018, U.I6; Van Mdn, 2018, U.161).
1.2. Gom Go Sanh - Binh Binh
Day la dong gdm cao cip viing kinh dd Champa xua (Vijaya) dugc cac nha khao cd hgc khai quat tai tai mdt sd di chi nhu Gd Sanh, Tmdng Ciiu (phucmg Nhon Hda, thi xa An Nhan), Go cay Me (xa Nhan My, huyen An Nhan), Gd Hdi, Gd cay Ke (xa Tay Vinh, huyen Tay Son. Day la ddng gom cao cap cd sii dung ban xoay, co ky thuat chd tac cao hi khau tao dang, tao Id, tao men, trang tri hoa van cho den dg nung. San phim chu yeu la cac loai chum, hu vd, chen, dTa... Hoa van thucmg thay la hinh rdng, hoa ciic, hoa 4 canh, hoa van hinh d vudng... dip ndi tren than va vai gdm. Vdi nhung dac diem nhu tren, cac nha khoa hgc nhan dinh: Gom sanh cao cap, Uang men cua Champa ed ngudn tu nghe gdm ciia cu dan Sa Huynh, c6 tilp thu them nhung ky thuat lam gdm cua ngudi Viet va Hoa, phat trien manh vao thi ky XIII - XV a miln Trang Viet Nam. Day cung ia ket qua giao luu van hda giua Champa Dai Viet - Tmng Hoa (Trinh Sinh, 2018, U. 17; Le Dinh Phung, 2018, tr.45).
1.3. Gom Bdu Triic - Ninh Thuan
Dac trung gdm truyen thong ciia nguin Cham Bau Triic - Ninh Thuan c6 nhieu diem tuong ddng vdi gdm Sa Huynh (QuangNgai): la loai gdm lam bang tay, khong ban xoay, khong khudn diic, khdng trang men; dimg hdn ke, ki thuat chai, milt lang va nung Id thien de tao ra san pham gdm. San pham chii yeu la do dung nhu binh, chum (jek), do nau nhu ndi (gok) va cac dd diing ciing le nhu Ig nude (balok), mam dung vat le (cambak). Kieu dang san pham chil yeu la mieng trdn, mieng loe, mieng khum, vai xudi, dit (day gdm) truyen thong hinh qua tning; dit bing d gdm Bau Triic chi mdi xuit hien sau nam 1975 den nay (Van Mon, 2001, Sakaya, 2015).
Theo nhieu nha nghien ciiu, gdm Cham ct Bau Triic - Ninh Thuan cd lien quan din gom Sa Huynh - to tien ciia nguai Cham xa xua d mien Trung - Viet Nam each ngay nay khoang 3000 nam (Trinh Sinh 2018; VanMdn2018). Mdt dilu rit ngac nhien, mac dii hien nay cac lang gdm va xudng gom cd tren thi giai bien mit hoac chuyen ddi thanh cac loai hinh gom cdng nghiep nhung gdm Bau Triic vin cdn luu giij ciu triic lang nghe cd truyen theo che do mau he va tiep ndi ky thuat iam gom cd cua cu dan Sa Hiiynh. Chinh vi vay, gdm Cham Bau Triic d Ninh Thuan hien nay la mgt trong nhung lang g6ni cd cdn sot lai khdng nhirng a Viet Nam ma ca khu vuc Ddng Nam A.
Tuy nhien, trai qua thai gian, sir bien dgng ciia lich sii, su di cu do chiln tranh dan din sir biln dd' "
khdng gian cu Uii, ngudi Cham da lang quen cudi ngudn xa xua ciia gdm Sa Huynh. Hien nay o lang ' Bau Triic, khdng ai co thd nha "td nghe gom" la vi than nao, hg thudng gin td nghi gdm voi vi thin la la Po Klong Can (theo trayin thuylt vi thin nay gin vdi vua Po Klaong Garai thi ky XIU). Chinh P
Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chau A. Sd 7 - 2019, U.39-45
Van Mdn (Sakaya). Tim hieu ve nghe thudt Gdm Champa Klong Can da cd cdng lap lang Bau Tnic cu (Palei Hamu Craok) chi ra mo dat set va day dan lang lam gdm dd muu sinh (Van Mon, 2001, U.29-34; Sakaya, 2015, tt-.70-78).
Mac dii cd nhung net tuong ddng vai gom Sa Huynh, nhung san phim gdm cua ngudi Cham Bau Tnic - Ninh Thuan vin mang dac trung rieng ca ve phong each, hinh dang va nghe thuat chi tac, khd lin ldn vai cac ddng san pham gdm khac d Viet Nam. De lam ra mgt san pham gdm, nghe nhan, chii yeu la phu nii phai trai qua rat nhieu cdng doan bao gom khau chgn, xu Iy va trdn dat set, tao dang, chai va miet lang, ve hoa van va cudi ciing la nung gdm. Tat ca cdng doan nay, nghe nhan chi can nguyen lieu (dit set, cat, nuac, ciii, ram) ma khong can dung may mdc, ban xoay, khudn due hay Uang men va cung khdng cd 16 nung cd dinh. Chi bang ddi ban tay kheo leo, vai phuang phap thii cdng tinh xao va su sang tao nghe thuat dgc dao, hg da tao ra nhiing san pham gom tron tria, hoa van dep mat va mau sac sac so. San pham gdm Cham (do nau, dd dung, do ciing le) dap ung nhu cau ngudi tieu diing d viing ndng thdn va mien niii d mien Trang va Tay Nguyen Viet Nam. Phai noi moi san pham gdm Cham la mdi tac pham nghe thua,t rieng, phan anh rd net qua trinh lao ddng can cii, sang tao ciing nhu dac tnmg van hda, mdi trudng tu nhien va quan niem tham my cua ngudi Cham (Van Mdn, 2001, tr.37; Sakaya, 2015, tr.79-96).
2. Sy pho bien gom Champa tai chau A
Gdm Champa co ca hai dong: Ddng gom thd (Sa Huynh, Bau Tnic) phuc vu cho tang Idp binh dan va gom sanh cao cap hay gom trang men khdng nhiing phuc vu cho quy tdc eiia Champa vimg Vijaya (Binh Dinh) ma cdn phd bien den mien Bac, Tay Nguydn (Viet Nam) va mdt sd qudc gia khac d khu vuc chau A nhu Lao, Campuchia, Thai Lan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Nhat Ban vdi thuong hieu ndi tieng bang nhieu ten ggi khac nhau, tiiy theo vung nhu Ceh/Che Champa (Dai Viit), Ceh Prum, Yeng Nagarai (Tdy Nguyen) vd Martabai Tapaya (ddo Borneo).
2.1. Gom Champa & Toy Nguyin
Gdm Champa chii ylu la gom sanh, gdm trang men dugc cu dan vung Tay Nguyen (Viet Nam) ua chuong, ggi la "Ceh Prum" (Che ngudi Cham) hay ''Yeng Nagarai" (Che rdng)'. d viing ngudi Ma - Tay Nguyen, cac nha khao cd hgc da tim thiy di tich chiia hon 2.000 do gom sanh, gom trang men ciia Champa cd ngudn gdc san xuit tir Binh Djnh bao gdm: td, dTa, hu, che vai cac mau men khac nhau nhu xanh nhat, vang xam, vang chanh, cd lia... (Trjnh Sinh, 2018, tr. 17). Ngoai tai lieu khao co hgc, theo tu lieu hoang gia Champa vidt vd Tay Nguydn, Ceh Prum cdn dugc dl cap rat phd bien nhu la hien vat quy thi hien sir uy quydn, dia vi trong gia dinh, xa hgi va co the trao doi, hudn ban. Ceh Pmm dugc vua Cham dimg ban thudng hoac tra cong cho cac quan lai, tii tmdng viing Tay Nguyen co cdng vai vua;
mdt Ceh Prum ddi dugc I con voi hoac tir 15-30 con trau. Cho ddn nay, Ceh Prum van la vat c6 gia tri dugc luu giii can than Uong mdt sd gia dinh mdt sd dan tdc thieu sd d Tay Nguyen.
2.2. Gom Champa dmienBdc- VietNam
' "Ceh Prum":Ceh. theo ng6n ngO ChSm la lo^ii "hu vo". Ceh" nguoi Vipt dpc ch?ch Sm thanh Che, Ch6e Prum- danh tir pho bi6n ciia cdc dan tgc 6 Tay NguySn diing At chi ngiroi Cham. Yeng: LS lo?ii binh, chum g6m nhir Ceh. nhung Yeng thircmg c6 kich Ihirctc ldn htm Ceh.
"Yeng Nagarai" • Yeng thucmg dimg dimg nirdc mdm, mu6i, c6n Ceh diing At iJA\fag nrgu cSn. Nagarai: nghTa 1^ rong. Ceh nagarai/yeng nagari co nghia la: Che, Chum co khic hinh rong.
Nghien cuu An Do va Chiu A. Sd 7 - 2019, U.39-45 41
van Mdn (Sakaya). Tm hiiu vi nghj thudiJjd^H^S!^^
Nhirng hien vat gdm Cham cd the tim thay cac mang phii dieu ndi hinh rdng, hinh bao thap nhiing kieu gdm Cham d cac thap nhu Binh Son (thi trin Tam Son, huyen Song Lo, tinh Vuili P "W, thap Kim Tdn, Kim Ninh, Niii Man (Tuyen Quang). "Thap Kim Ninh (Xa VTnh Lgi, huyen Scm Duong) da phat hien tai gin 40 con chim than Garada bang dit nung - loai linh vat cd xuat xii tir Champa. . e dau ngudi minh chim (Kinnari va Kinnara) dugc gan tren cac bao thap gdm men chiia Chd, c ma Man, Uen bao thap dit nung Doi Chiia (Y Yen, Nam Dinh), bao thap dit nung chiia Niii Man, chua Thugng Lam (Tuyen Quang)... Cac chi tilt Uang tri khac nhu hoa day, diu niim hoa cue tren dau ngoi thap Kim Ninh va thap Kim Tdn kha gidng vdi niim vu tren tugng chim thin Garuda bang da cua Champa... Ro rang nghe thuat trang tri gdm Champa da bo sung nhilu md tip trang tri kien true va ky thuat dp ghep trang tri phii dieu tugng linh vat va tugng ngucti trong cac chiia thap cua Dai Viet the ky XIII - XIV" (Trin Anh Dung, 2018, tr.52).
2.3. Gom Champa & ddo Borneo
Dao Broneo cd phan dat lien va lanh hai nim rai rac d 3 nude Myanmar, Indonesia va Malaysia.
Cu dan viing dao nay thudng ggi Ceh Prum la "Martabani Tapaya", cd nghTa "Ceh rugu ciia cang Martabani". Ceh Martabani Tapaya la mat hang quy gia diing trao ddi thuong mai d cac tgc ngudi viing cao d dao Borneo. Loai Ceh nay tuang tu nhu binh gdm sii Trung Quoc co trang tri hinh rdng. Tir the ky XIII - XV, sd lugng Idn Ceh dugc van chuyen tir cac thanh phd cang ciia Champa cd dugc biet vdi ten ggi la cang Sri Baney, Binai thugc Vijaya, nay la cang Thi Nai (Qui Nhan - Binh Dinh) a mien Trang Viet Nam den thanh phd cang Martabani cua Myanmar. Tu cang Martabani, Che Champa dugc chuyen len buon ban vai eu dan vimg cao ciia dao Borneo (Louise Allison Cort and Leedom Lefferts, Shine Toshihiko, 2018, tr. 458-459).
2.4. Gom Cliampa & Thdi Lan
Thi ky XV, cac nha khao cd hgc Thai Lan ciing tim thay nhiing do gom Dai Viet (gom Chu Dau, gdm Hai Duong) va Gd Sanh - Binh Dinh Champa d quanh cae ngdi chua. Cu thi gdm Go Sanh - Binh Dinh dugc tim thiy ben ngoai chiia Chathat Thram - mgt ngdi chiia Phat giao each a phia Bic Nakhon Si Thammarat, each xa Vinh Thai Lan vl phia Ddng khoang 2 km. 0 day hg tim thiy mdt Ceh (Jar) Uang men nau va co 4 tay nim, trang tri nhtrng ducmg ke don gian tren than gdm. G6m Champa - loai gdm Gd Sanh la hien vat quy gia cdn dugc diing lam dd ciing ll trong tin nguang, tdn giao d Thai Lan (Sukkham, 2018,tr.85).
2.5. Gom Champa & Philippines
Nam 1995, khi khai quat con tau dim Pandanan d viing biln Tay Nam Philippines, cac nha khoa hgc da thu dugc mgt so gom Viet Nam, Trang Qudc va Thai Lan nien dai thd ky XV. Trong do aom Vi?t Nam cd 4.722 chile, chiem 75,6%. Dac biet, trong so gom Viet Nam thi co gdm Go Sanh ' 'm Tradng Ciiu (Binh Djnh) thugc Vijaya - Champa chilm khoang 74% (Trinh Sinh 2018, fr \^\
2.6. Gom Champa &Nhgt Bdn
Dua theo nhilu nguon tai lieu eua Nhat Ban, giao su Shimokawa Tatsuya cho biet: Gom ' a viing Nagayo - yaki (phia Bic thanh phd Nagasaki) Nhat Ban la do thg gdm Champa san xuit Nh~
thg gdm nay ngudi Nhat ggi la "Champan yakimonoshi hitori", nguoi cd cdng san xuit va tru '- H nghe thuat lam gom trang men cho ngucri Nhat a mgt so dia phuong va hai dao. Vi cd cone i™ L ^^
e. lun cho ndn Nghien cuu An Dg va Chau A. So 7 - 2019, U.39-45
Van Mdn (Sakaya). 77m hieu ve nghe thugt Gdm Champa nhiing nghe nhan Champa dugc Lanh Chiia Omura (Nhat Ban) tra cdng va tang "thanh kilm"- bilu tugng ciia ting lap Sumurai, thudc giai cap quy tgc, hoang gia cua Nhat Ban. Gom Champa cd anh hudng din gom Nhat Ban Uong sudt 200 nam (1667 -1859) (Shimokawa Tatsuya, 2018, U. 488). Hien nay gdm Champa vin cdn trung bay khoang 30 hien vat tai Trang tam Van hoa thj Uan Nagoya nhu:
noi, binh, bat, dia, Ig... Qua dau vet de lai tren gdm trung bay, chiing td gom lam bang ban xoay, kT thuat che tac dat den dg tinh xao. Gom co mau men day cd nhieu mau nhu mau Uang dilc (mau may), xanh da trai, mau nghe, mau den, den xam nhung nguai Nhat chi tinh 3 mau (hg ggi la gdm tam sac) (Sakaya, Shine Toshihiko, 2011, U-.42-43).
Ket luan
Tii gdm Sa Huynh (Quang Ngai) cho din gdm Bau Tnic (Ninh Thuan) each nhau gan 3.000 nam.
Trai qua dam duang dai lich sii, gom Cham phat trien thanh hai ddng: dong gdm thd, binh dan (Sa Huynh, Bau Tnic, Binh Diic va Krango) va ddng gdm sanh cao cap Gd Sanh (Binh Dinh). Khdng thi phii nhan gia Uj tham mj* tuyet vdi ciia gom Champa, khi no tra thanh gia tri tham my ciia mdt thdi ky dai trong Ijch sir, vol su phd biln tdi nhieu quoc gia chau A. Ngoai viec phuc vu cho muc dich tdn giao va sinh hoat hang ngay, mdi mdt san pham gom Cham deu la nhung tuyet tac nghe thuat; phan anh ro net qua trinh lao ddng can cii, sang tao; mang net dac trung van hda; mdi trudng tu nhien va quan niem tham my ciia cgng dong ngudi Cham xua.
Tuy nhien, sau the ky XV nguai Cham khdng con san xuat loai gdm sanh cao cip ma chi cdn san xuat ddng gdm thd, gdm binh dan 6 lang Bau True (Ninh Thuan) va mgt so lang khac nhu lang gdm Binh Diic (Binh Thuan) va lang Krango (Lam Ddng). Hien nay, nhirng lang gom truyin thdng nay co xu hudng mai mdt, do vay dl khdi phuc san phim gom Champa, Chinh phu Viet Nam khong chi can bao tdn cac lang gdm Champa tren nghien ciiu, d\r an ma phai co nhung chinh sach hd trg khoi phuc hoat ddng san xuat tai lang gdm Cham, qua do gdp phan xay dung lai thuang hi?u gom Champa ciia Viet Nam.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Atthasit Sukkham (2018), "Binh Dinh and Hai Duong Ceramics in Southeast Asian Maritime Trade during the 14th to 16th Centuries (Gdm Binh Dinh vd Hdi Duang trong thuang mgi hdng hdi a Dong Nam A ticthikythu 14din thi ky 16, trong Ky ylu Hgi thko Bdo tdn vd phdt huy nghe thugt lam gom truyen thdng ciia ngudi Chdm, Bd VHTTDL va UBND tinh Ninh Thuan dong td chiic tai thanh phd Phan Rang, tr.80-98.
2. Trin Anh Dung (2018), "Khao co hgc vdi ngudn goc chu nhan gom Champa the ky 14-15, Uong Ky ylu Hdi thao Bdo tdn vdphdt huy nghi thudt lam gdm truyin thing cda nguai Chdm, Bd VHTTDL va UBND tinh Ninh Thuan ddng td chiic tai thanh phd Phan Rang, tr.49 - 64.
3. Louise Allison Cort and Leedom Lefferts (2013), " Arts in the CenUal Highlands of Mainland Southeast Asia", trong sach Materializing Southeast Asia's Past (Chief of editors: Marijke J. KLOKKE va Veronique DEGROOT), Selected Papers from the 12th International Conference of the European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists, Nadonal University of Singapore Press, Singapore, pp. 233-241.
4. Van Mdn (2001), Nghi gdm cd truyin cua ngu&i Chdm Bdu Triic - Ninh Thuan, Nxb. Van hda Thdng tin, HaNgi, 147 trang.
Nghidn ciiu An Do va Chau A. So 7 - 2019, tr.39-45
van Mon (Sakaya). 77m hiiu vi nghe Ihual qimChSSS- 5. Le Dinh Phung (2018), "D6 g6m Champa thoi ky kinh thanh Simhapura (Tra Kieu -Quang Nam)".
trong Ky yeu Hoi thao Bdo tin va phdt huy nghe thudt lam gom truyen thing cua nguai Cham, Bo VH va UBND tinh Ninh Thuan d6ng t6 chijc tai thanh ph6 Phan Rang, tr. 16-2
6. VuC6ngQuy(1991), ranWaXo/fi<pn/i.Nxb. VanhoaDantocHaNpi.
7. Sakaya (2015), Gint nguai Chdm Bdu Trie - Ninh Thuan (song ngO Viet - Anh), Nxb. Tri thirc. Ha Npi, 109 trang.
8. Sakaya (2007), "G6m c6 truyen th6ng cua ngucri ChSm oBiu Tnic ", Tap chi Xua & Nay, Hpi Kho^
hpc Lich sil Viet Nam, s6 275 -276, tr. 27, 28 va 30.
9. Sakaya - Shine Toshihiko (2011), "06m Chiem Nhan 6 Nhal Ban", Thai Bdo Kinh ti Sai Gdn, So Cong Thuong Tp HCM, so 33, tr.42.
10. Trinh Sinh (2018), "Tir gdm Sa Huynh <tSn gom Cham", trong Ky yeu Hpi thao Bdo tin vctphalhuy nghe thuat lam gim truyin thing cua nguoi Cham, Bp VHTTDL va UBND tinh Ninh Thuan ddng to chiic tai thanh pho Phan Rang, tr. 16-24.
11. Shimokawa Tatsuya (2018), "Nagayo-Yaki and its Characteristics" (G6m Cham o Nagayo Nhat Ban), trong Ky yeu Hpi thao Bdo ton vdphdt huy nghe thugt lam gom truyen thdng ciia ngiroi Cham, Bp VHTTDL va UBND tinh Ninh Thuan ddng 16 chuc tai thanh php Phan Rang, tr.484.
12. Shine Toshihiko (2018), "Yeng Nagarai: Martabani drangonjars of the Prum in Vietnam's Central Highland and Borneo Island", In international conference of Presevering and promoting the value of Cham people's art of traditional pottery making" Bp VHTTDL va UBND tinh Ninh Thuan dong to chtic tai thanh
phd Phan Rang, tr.l6-24.
HINH ANH MINH HOA
H. 1. Ch6 Champa thS ky 15 (06 Sinh H.2. Chi Champa the ky 15 (G6 Sinh -Binh Dmh) lan toa 6 chau A -Binh Djnh) lan toa 6 chau A (Anh Nguyan Ngpc Co, 201S) (Anh Nguyen Ngpc Co, 2018)
Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chau A. S6 7 - 2019, tr.39-45
Van Mon (Sakaya). Tim hiiu vi nghe thudt Gdm Champa
H.3. Cha Champa lan toa viing Tay Nguyen, Viet H.4. Ch6 Champa lan toa viing Tay NguySn, Nam (Anh VM, 2018) Viet Nam (anh VM, 2018)
H.5. Nghe nhSn lang gom Bau Triic H.6. Mdt mSu tieu bilu cua san (Ninh Thuiin) dang lam gom truyin thdng pham gdm lang gdm Bau Triic (Ninh (anh VM suu tkm, 2018) Thuan) hien nay
Nghien ciiu An Do v^ Chiu A. So 7 - 2019, U.39-45
