Nghien cu'u
cac nhan to anh hu'dng den nang lu'c canh tranh dong
cua DNNVV tai tinh Bmh Du^Ong
CAO VI$T HIEQ- PHC/CJC MINH HIEP"
N G G Y I N TH! YEN L l l a " * T o m tit
Nhdm ldc gid nghien ciiu cdc nhdn td dnh hudng din ndng lUc cgnh tranh ddng eua doanh nghiip (DN) nhd vd vffa (DNNW) tgi tinh Binh Duong. Nghien cdu cho thdy, cd 6 nhdn id cd dnh hudng den nang luc cgnh tranh dgng cua DNNW tgi linh Binh DUcfng, gom: Ndng luc ke't ndi; Ndng lUc dinh hudng; Ndng luc hd'p thu; Ndng luc sdng tgo; Ndng luc thich nghi; Ndng lUe to chiic. Tren ed sd do, nhdm tdc gid di xudl mot sdhdm ^ qudn tri nhdm ndng cao ndng luc cgnh tranh dgng cua DNNW d Binh Duong.
TH khoa: ndng luc cgnh tranh dgng, doanh nghiep nhd vd vHa, tinh Binh Duang Summary
The authors study factors affecting the dynamic competitiveness of .small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Binh Duong province. The result points out six determinants, which are Connectivity capacity; Orientation capacity; Absorptive capacity; Creative capacity; Adaptive capacity; Organizational capacity. From this finding, a number of governance implications are proposed to improve the dynamic competitiveness of SMEs in Binh Duong.
Keywords: dynamic competitiveness, small and medium-sized enterprises. Binh Duong province GlOl THIEU ma DN theo dudi. Hdn nffa, ca md hinh
ly thuye't 10 Idn ly thuye't vd canh iranh DNNVV la mdt trong nhffng dong Itfc quan trong t^o cua Porter (1985) nhin nhan eac nganh ra vide lam, nang Itfc canh tranh va tdng trtfdng cho nen d trang thai cdn bang, nen ldi the canh kinh te tinh Blnh Dtfdng. Tuy nhien, hien nay, cung nhtf tranh mang tinh ben vffng. Didu nay ddn tinh hinh chung cua ca ntfdc, DNNVV tinh Binh Dtfdng dd'n stf lung tung va bi ddng cho DN con dang cd nhieu han chd ve: vdn, dau td cho^nghien trong vide xdy dtfng chie'n Itfdc ffng phd cffu va trien khai, each tid'p cdn thi trtfdng, cha't Itfdng vdi mdi trtfdng thay ddi nhanh chdng.
nhan cdng, ky nang quan ly va ffng dung cdng nghe,,, Vi the, ly thuyd't ngudn Itfc Wernerfelt Trong bdi canh canh tranh gay gdt hidn nay, cung (1984) ra ddi yd sau do dtfdc Barney nhd dtfdi tac ddng cua cuoc Cdch mang Cdng nghiep 4.0 (1991) phdt tnen thdng qua cac nghien (CMCN 4 0), de cd the tdn tai vd phdt trien, cac DNNVV cffu cua minh.
d Binh Dffdng can ndng cao ndng life canh danli dong, Ndm 1997, David J Teece vd cdng sd da dtfa ra khai niem, nang Itfc canh CCfSCKLY T H U Y E T VA M O H I N H N G H I E N CLfU tranh ddng Id "kha nang iich hdp, xdy ddng vd dinh dang lai nhffng tiem nang Ctf sdly thuyd't ben trdng vd ben^ngoai cua DN de ddp Ly thuyd't canh tranh truydn thdng (md hinh 10) ffng vdi thay ddi cua mdi trtfdng" Ng "n cho rdng, stf khdc biet quye't dinh Idn de'n chid'n Itfdc, ndng Itfc canh tranh ddng la cd sd lu .,o
'TS., Hieu trtfdng, Trtfdng Dai hoc Binh Dtfdng
•' PGS, TS., Tap chi Cong san
••'Trtfdng Dai hoc Binh Dtfdng
Ngdynhanhdi 15/01/2020; Ngdy phdn bien: 10/02/2020; Ngdy duyel ddng: 14/02/2020
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ldi the canh tranh va dem lai hieu qua kmh doanh cua DN.
Barney (1991, 2001) cho rang, DN CO the tao dffng sff khac bidt thdng qua ndng Itfc canh d-anh ddng.
Ben canh dd, Wang (2007) cho rang:
"Nang life ddng dinh htfdng hanh vi cua mdt cdng ty dong vide cd'u hinh lai, ddi mdi va tai tao ngudn ldc vd quan trong nha't la nang ca'p va xay dtfng lai nang ldc cd't Idi de ddp ffng vdi mdi trtfdng". Ong cung nhan dinh, ndng life ddng khdng chi la quy trinh, md nd la tac nhdn tao nen quy trinh. Do do, kha ndng cua cdng ty thtfdng dtfdc tao ddng va phat trien theo thdi gian thdng qua cac tddng tac giffa cac ngudn Itfc cua cdng ty.
Cdn theo I. Barreto (2009), nang life ddng la tiem nang cua DN de giai quye't va'n dd mdt each cd he thd'ng dtfdc hinh thanh bdi xu htfdng nhan dien cd hdi vd rui ro, ra quye't dinh dung thdi didm theo dmh htfdng thi trddng vd thay ddi cd sd ngudn Itfc cua nd.
Md hinh nghien cd'u
Cdc DNNVV cd rd't nhieu dem nang de dat dddc Idi the canh tranh va dieu nay dd trd thdnh md'i quan tdm chinh cua cdc nha quan ly va cac nha nghien cffu (S.
Rivard vd cdng stf, 2006). Mdc du ndng life dong dang ngay dffdc quan tam hdn, nhtfng nhffng nghien cffu ve ndng Itfc ddng chu ye'u la ve khai niem va ly thuye't hoac nhffng nghidn cffu tap trung vao tffng phan cua nang lffc canh tranh ddng.
Tai Vidt Nam, Nguyen Dinh Tho, Nguydn Thj Mai Trang (2009) dd thtfc hidn viec do Itfdng mdt sd nhan td' tao thanh nang Itfc ddng cua cdc DN trdn dia ban TP. Hd Chi Minh bang phtfdng phap dinh Itfdng. Cac tdc gia da chi ra 4 nhdn to' tao nen ndng lffc ddng DN Id; Dinh hffdng kinh doanh; Dinh hddng hoc hoi;
Nang lffc markedng; va Nang lffc sang tao va mffc do dnh hffdng cua cac nhdn td ndy do'i vdi kd't qua kinh doanh ciia DN.
Con Le Thi Thu Thao, Dd Thi Thanh Vinh, Nguydn Tie'n Thdng (2016) da chi ra 4 nhdn to: Ndng lffc ddp ffng khdch hang; Ndng lffc nhdn thffc; Danh de'ng doanh nghiep; va Nang life td chffc la ngudn ndng Itfc ddng mang lai ke't qua kinh doanh vd ldi the canh tranh cho DN.
Nguydn Phuc Nguyen (2016) da thffc hien nghien cffu thffc nghiem trong linh vffe du lich va chi rd: Nang Iffc ha'p thu;
Ndng lffc thich nghi; Nang lffc .sang tao;
Nang lffc kd't ndi; Nang lffc nhan thffc;
HiNH: MO HINH NGHIEN CdU DE X G A T Nang lire to chuc
1 Hi 1 Nang lyc sang tao H T 1 Nang lyc hap thu N^ng lyc k€\ ndi Nang lyc thich nghi
~\ ^^' \-
-^ H, I"
1 Hs r
N^ng \\fc dinh hudng
Mguon Tong hdp cua cac tat gia
va Dinh htfdng thi trtfdng Id cdc thdnh phan cd ban cua ndng Itfc canh tranh dong.
Dtfa tren cdc nghien cffu dd ndu trdn, cdc tdc gia de xud't md hinh nghidn cffu ve nang life canh tranh dong ctia DNNVV tinh Binh Dtfdng, gdm cdc nhan td' nhtf PTinh.
Phu'dng phap nghidn cu'u
Ddi ttfdng nghidn cffu la cac DNNVV tai linh Binh Dtfdng. Dff lieu nghien cffu dffdc thu thdp theo phtfdng phdp chon mau thudn tidn trong khoang thdi gian tff ngay 01/08-15/09/2019. Tac gia da khao sdt 250 DNNVV tren dia ban tinh Binh Dtfdng. Sd phid'u phdt ra la 230, thu ve Id 226 vd sd phid'u hdp le Id 218,
Trong nghidn cffu nay tac gia sff dung thang do Likert cho diem tff: 1 - Rat khdng ddng y de'n 5 - Rd't ddng y (Bdi vie't sd dung cdch vie't so thap phdn theo chudn qudc le).
KET QUA NGHIEN COU
Kd't qua kidm dinh do tin cay cua thang do Nghien cdu sff dung phan mem SPSS 20.0 de xff ly va phdn tich sd' hdu, vdi ke't qua kiem dinh Cronbach'.s Alpha d Bang 1.
Kd't qua ddnh gid dp tin cay cua thang do bang he sd' Cronbach's Alpha cho thd'y, cdc bie'n quan sat ddu cd hd sd' ttfdng quan bid'n tdng Idn hdn 0.3 vd he so Cronbach's Alpha Idn hdn 0.6.
PhSn tich nhan td' kham pha (EFA) Kd't qua phdn tich EFA nhtf Bang 2.
Sau khi phan tich nhan td' EFA, cd the tha'y cac bid'n trong md hinh deu Idn hdn 0.5, chffng td cdc bid'n quan sat deu cd the dCing dtfdc va cd y nghia vi dam bao tinh hdi tu cua tffng thang do trong mo hinh.
Phan dch EFA vdi 05 nhdn td dffdc trich tai Eigenvalue cd gid tri la 1.691; Vdi phffdng sai trich la 70.481 %; He sd KMO = 0.763 dat yeu cau > 0.5; mffc y nghia ciia kiem dinh Bartlett (Sig.) = 0.000 dat ydu cau
< 0.05; tdng phtfdng sai > 50% thda man dieu kien.
Nhtf vay, ed the ke't ludn viec phdn tich EFA la hoan toan phu hdp.
Phan tich md hinh hdi quy
Nhdm nghien cffu cung da tid'n hdnh phdn tich tffdng quan vd phdn tich hdi quy de thd'y dffdc mffc do anh htfdng cua tffng nhdn td' den ndng Itfc canh
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NtiSn td' Nang li/c to chiJc (NLTC) Nang life sang tao (NLST) Nang life dmh hifiSng (NLDH) Nangli/chS'p tliu (NLHT) NSng lUcket n^i (NLKN) Nang life thieh nghi (NLTN)
BANG 1: KET QUA KIEM DINH CROtiBACH'S ALPHA Cronbach's
Alphal
0 862
0,818
0.771
0.773
0.890
0,854
Ctii ti^u Cronbach's Alpha loai bien dang xem xet He so tu'dng quan bien tong Cronbach's Alpha loai bien dang xem xet He so tifdng quan bieii (ong Cronbach's Alpha loai bien dang xem xet He so tifdng quan bien tong Cronbach's Alpha loai bien dang xem xet He so tu'dng quan bien long Cronbach's Alpha loai bien dang xem xet He so tu'dng quan biS^n tong Cronbach's Alpha loai bien dang xem xet He so tifdng quan bifn tong
Sd'biS'n quan sat cua tufng nhSn td' 1
0 789 0.792 0 738 0 707 0.602 0 686 0 575 0,706 0.868 0.726 0.788 0-753
?,
osn
0.742 0 754 0,676 0.742 0 558 0,540 0.739 0.851 0.801 0.781 0.770
0.848
^
0.6.'iO 0.792 0.593 0.704 0.596 0.888 0.509 0-873 0.70.') 0.867 0-567
4 0 843 0,666 0.796 0.583
0.869 0.722 0.813 0.700
0.871 0712
BANG 2: KET QGA PHAN TICH EFA
:.
KETN0I2 KETNOII KETNOI4 KETNOI3 KETN0I5 TOCHUCI T0CHUC2 TOCHUC3 T0CHUC4 THICHNGHIl THrCHNGHI2 THICHNGHI4 THICHNGHr3 SANGTAOl SANGTA02 SANGTA03 SANGTA04 DlNHHUONGl DINHHU0NG3 DINHHU0NG2 HAPTHU^
HAPTHUI HAPTHU3 Phuang sai trich % KMO and Barllett's Test Sis
NfaSn to 1
,849 .825 .806 .803 .774
2
860 .827 809 .788
3
.854 .838 .782 .703
4
.816 .812 778 .736
5
,850 .812 .774
6
.908 .907 .611 70.481 .763 .000
tranh cua DNNVV. Ke't qua phdn tich hdi quy bdi nhtf Bang 3.
Bang 3 cho tha'y, he sd xac dinh R- bang 86.6%, chffng to cdc bie'n ddc Idp giai thich dtfdc 86.6% sff thay ddi cua nang Itfc canh tranh Va, vdi mdc thd'ng
kd F= 234.374, vdi Sig.= 0.000 chffng to md hinh hdi quy la phii hdp. Cac hd so' hdi quy ttfdng ffng vdi cac bie'n ddc lap deu cd da'u dffdng va cd Sig. deu <0.05 chffng td cdc bid'n: Ndng Iffc thich nghi;
Nang Itfc sdng tao; Nang Itfc dinh hffdng;
Nang Itfc hd'p thu; Nang Itfc kd't nd'i;
Nang Itfc td chffc deu dffdc chap nhdn.
Phffdng trinh hdi quy da chuan hda:
Y = 0.330*KETNOI + 0. II0*TOCHUC -I- 0.252 *S/iNGTAO + 0.I33*THICHNGH1 -f 0.315^
DINHHUONG H- 0.253^ HAPTHU
KET LUAN VA HAM Y QUAN TRj
Vdi nhffng ke't qua dat dtfdc, nghien cffu da cho thd'y, 6 nhdn td' cd anh htfdng dd'n nang Itfc canh tranh ddng cua DNNVV tai tinh Binh Dtfdng, gdm:
Ndng Itfc ke't nd'i; Nang Itfc dinh htfdng;
Nang Itfc ha'p thu; Ndng Itfc sang tao;
Ndng Itfc thich nghi; Ndng Itfc td chffc.
Tff dd, nhdm nghidn cffu cd mdt sd' de xua't ham y quan tri, nhff sau:
Thd nhd't, dd'i vdi Nang Itfc kd't nd'i:
Bie'n nay co tac ddng manh nhd't dd'i vdi ndng Itfc canh tranh ddng cua DNNVV, vdi gia tri Beta chua'n hod = 0.330. Dieu nay cung phu hdp vdi mdi trtfdng kinh doanh trong thdi ky hdi nhdp va cudc CMCN 4.0. Cdc DN can nam bat thdng tin kip thdi vd cd kd't nd'i quan he td't vdi khach hang, nhd cung cd'p vd cdc DN khdc mdi tang dtfdc nang Itfc canh tranh va tinh hieu qua trong boat ddng san xud't, kinh doanh cua DN.
Thii hai, dd'i vdi Nang Itfc dinh htfdng: Day Id bie'n cd tac ddng manh thff hai, vdi gia tri Beta chuan boa = 0.315. Trtfdc ddy, khi trinh do quan ly cua cac DNNVV cdn ban chd', ndn cac DN khd cd kha ndng dinh htfdng ddi ban dtfdc. Dieu nay da anh htfdng dd'n khd ndng dtf bao mdi trtfdng, nen bi rui ro khd Idn. Hien nay, cac DNNVV dd ngay cang thd'y tam quan trong cua va'n de dtf bdo, dinh htfdng de cd nhffng chie'n Iffdc dai han cho DN nham nang cao nang Itfc canh tranh cua DN.
Thii ba. dd'i vdi bie'n Ndng Itfc ha'p thu: Ddy Id nhan td' anh htfdng thff ba de'n ndng lffc canh tranh cua DN, vdi gia tri Beta chuan hoa la 0.253. DN can tgp hud'n nhffng kid'n thffc mdi ve ky thugt dd kip thdi ffng dung vd mua mdy mdc thie't bi mdi.
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Thd tu, ddi vdi bid'n Ndng lffc sdng tao: Day la nhan td' anh htfdng thff ttf den nang Itfc canh tranh cua DN, vdi Beta chuan hda = 0.252. Hoa cung vdi phong trao khdi nghidp, sdng tao qudc gia hidn nay, cdc DNNVV cd kha nang sdng tao, nhd't la cac chu DN tre trong Iinh vtfc cdng nghe thdng tin, cdng nghd sinh hoc...
Thii ndm, dd'i vdi bie'n Ndng Itfc thich nghi: Nhan td' nay anh hffdng khdng manh lam de'n nang ldc canh tranh cua DNNVV tren dia ban, vdi Gid tri Beta chuan hoa Id 0.133. Tuy nhidn, trong mdi trffdng kinh doanh md hien nay, do mdi trffdng kinh doanh bid'n dong, ndn cac DNNVV can phai he't sffc linh hoat, nhanh chdng thich nghi vdi mdi trffdng. Tff do, chuyen ddi hffdng kinh doanh, phdt trien san ph^m va thi trffdng mdi. Day cung chinh la ldi the' cua cdc DNNVV vd DN sidu nho tren dia ban tinh Binh Dffdng.
Thd sdu, dd'i vdi bid'n Nang lffc td chffc: Day la nhdn td' cd tac ddng thd'p nha't, vdi Beta chuan hda la 0.110. Theo dd, DNNVV can cd nang Itfc to chtfc
Mdhinh B
1 (Constant) KETNOI TOCHUC SANGTAO THICHNGHI DINHHUONG HAPTHU
BANG 3: KET QUA PHAN TICH HOI QOY BQI H^sfThSitpiy
chtfa chu^n ho£
Std.
Error 249 ,173 .077 .139 .091 .221 ,215
Beta ,087 015 ,020 015 .029 .020 038
H^ s6r hdi qay chu^n hoa
,330 .110 .252 .133 .315 .253
t
2.860 11.487 3.744 9.442 3 092 11 324 5,585
Sig.
Tolerance
.005 000 .000 .000 .002 .000 .000
Do ltfdng da c8ng tuyS'n
VIF
750 .721 .871 .335 .801 .301
1.334 1.388 i.l48 2.989 1,248 3.318 R-hieu chinh. 86.6%
Durbm Watson. 1.978 Sig: 0.000 F= 234.374
a. Dependent Variable NLCT
the hidn trong viec xay dtfng to chffc hdp ly va hidu qua. DN caned chinh sach ddo tao, bdi dffdng, bd'tri, sff dung ngudn nhan lffc, cung nhff cac chinh sdch, che'do dai ngd nham ndng cao stf hdi long trong cdng viec va tao ddng Itfc lam viec cho ngtfdi lao dgng. Tff do khid'n ngffdi lao ddng gan bd Idu ddi vd cd'ng hid'n cho DN.P
TAI U E U THAM KHAO _ _
1. Nguyen Phuc Nguydn (2016). Nang cao ndng Itfc canh tranh dong cua cac DN: Nghien cffu trong linh vtfc du lich, Tgp chi Kinh te vd Phdt trien, 225
2. Le Thi Thu Thao, Do Thi Thanh Vinh, Nguydn Tie'n Thdng (2016). Cac nhan tdtdc ddng dd'n nang Itfc canh tranh ddng cua btfu dien tinh Khdnh Hda, Tgp chi Khoa hge Cong nghi Thuy sdn. 1 3. Nguyen Dinh Tho. Nguyin Thi Mai Trang (2009). Mgt so nhdn to tgo thdnh ndng luc dgng DN vd gidi phdp nuoi dudng, Ky yd'u Hdi thao "Ndng Itfc canh tranh ddng cua DN", 18(04)
4. David J. Teece, Gary Pisano, Amy Shuen (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategicmanagement, (in E), Strategic Management Journal, 18(7)
5. Barney, J.B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120
6. Barney, J. B (2001). Resource-based theories of compedtive advantage: a ten-year retrospective on the resource-based view. Journal of Management, 27(6), 643-650
7. Barney, J.B., Wright, M. & Ketchen, D.Jr. (2001). The resource-based view of the firm: ten years after 1991, Journal of Management, 27 (6), 625-641
8. Barreto (2009). Dynamic Capabilides: A Review of Past Research and an Agenda for the Future, Journal of Management. 36(1), 256-280
9. Leonard, B.D. (1992). Core capabilities and core rigidities: a paradox in managing new product development. Strategic Management Journal, 13(S1), 111-125
10. Porter, M. (1985). Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, New York: The Free Express
11. S. Rivard, L. Raymond, and D. Verreault (2006). Resource-based view and competitive strategy: An integrated model of the contributidn of information technology to firm performance, The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 15(1), 29-50
12. Wernerfelt, B. (1984). The resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2), 171-180
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