TINH HINH NGHIEN ClTU NHOM GIAP XAC CHAN KHAC - AMPHIPODA a BIEN VIET NAM (TlT NAM 1950 DEN NAM 2010) THE SITUATION AMPHIPODA STUDY IN THE SEA OF VIETNAM
(FROM 1950 TO 2010)
Le Himg Anh, Dang Ngoc Thanh Vien Sinh Thai va Tai nguyen sinh vat 18 - Hoang Qude Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Ndi
Email: lehunganh'^gmail.com Tom tat:
Truac thai gian gidi phdng miin Nam 1975. cdc cdng trinh nghien ciru nhdm gidp xdc chdn khdc Amphipoda bien Viet Nam cdn rdt it. Chi cd mdt vdi cdng trinh nghien ciru vi phdn logi hoc mang tinh khu vuc dugc thirc hiin tgi viing biin vinh Nha Trang -miin Trung Viet Nam (Imbach. 1967: 41 lodi) vd vimg mrac Ig, man Bdc Viet Nam (Dgng Ngoc Thanh, 1968: 8 lodi). Sau thai giai chiin tranh 1975, hogt ddng nghien ciru bien dugc triin khai rdng tren viing biin Viet Nam.
Nhdm Gidp xdc chdn khdc (Amphipoda) sdng a biin dugc tiin hdnh khdo sdt ky han. Kit qud nghiin ciru thdnh phdn lodi thudc phdn bd Gammaridea Amphipoda, dd xdc dinh vd cdng bd dugc han 100 lodi. Mdt sd ho cd do phong phii vi lodi nhu: ho Ampeliscidae (29 lodi); ho Melitidae (19 lodi); ho Talitridae (8 lodi); ho Lysianassidae (7 lodi); Urothoidae (6 lodi). Nhirng ddc trung vi gidng mai, lodi mai ciia phdn bd Gammaridea a Viet Nam da md td. Mot sd nhdn xet ve mdi quan he ciia ddi tugng nghien ciru phdn logi hoc so vai khu vuc bien Idn can dugc di cap trong bdi bdo ndy.
Abstract:
In the past time, up to 1975, when finished the war in Vietnam, the marine Amphipoda fauna of Vietnam was very few studied. Only some research works on the species composition and taxonomy of amphipoda gammaridea in coastal waters of Nha Trang (Central Vietnam) (Imbach, 1967) and in brackish waters in Northern Vietnam (Dang Ngoc Thanh, 1968). After the war, since 1975, marine research activities are largely developed in the whole marine waters of Vietnam.
As an important component of benthic fauna, amphipoda group have been continuously explored in different areas of the Vietnam sea. By the research results on the species composition of amphopoda gammaridea, at present time about 100 species have been recorded. The most diverse in species composition families are: Ampeliscidae (29 species), Melitidae (19 species), Talitridae (8
species), Lysianassidae (7 species), Urothoidae (6 species). Preliminary taxonomical analysis shows that fauna of gammaridea amphipoda of the Vietnam is rather characteristic, many new genera and species have been described. Some preliminary remarks on the taxonomical affinities with the amphipoda fauna of
the adjacent waters are presented in the paper.
1. Mo-dau
O viing bien thudc cac nude Ddng Nam A, khdng nhu cac nhdm sinh vat Idn d biin khac nhu: ca, ddng vat than mem, san hd, giap xac (tdm, cua)..., nhdm giap xac Amphipoda cho den nay van dugc xem la cd it cae cdng trinh nghien ciiu.
Chuong trinh nghien cim hgp tac giiia My, Thai Lan va Viet Nam (Chuang trinh NAGA) thirc hien tai bien Viet Nam va vjnh Thai Lan nam 1959-1961, cd ndi dung nghien
cim ve phan loai hoe nhdm Amphipoda-Gammaridea. Trong bao cao ciia NAGA (Imbach, 1967, NAGA Report Vol.4, Pt.l), da cdng bd 41 loai thudc 10 hg ciia nhdm giap xac nay.
Trong tai lieu vl khu he Amphipoda d bien Thai Lan va Philippin, Roy Olerdd (1969) da cdng bd 9 loai trong dd cd 3 loai mdi cho khoa hoc thay d viing bien ven bd Thai Lan. Mot nghien cua Somchai Bussarawich va cdng sir (1984), tac gia da cho biet cd it nhat 30 loai thudc 11 ho da dugc xac djnh d vimg bien quanh dao Phuket (bien Andaman-Thai Lan), trong dd, ho Ampeliscidae cd sd loai nhieu nhat.
Cdng trinh cdng bd gan day nhat ciia J.K. Lowry (2000), da thdng ke thanh phan loai thudc Amphipoda Gammaridea d viing bien khu vuc Ddng Nam A (nam Trung Qude, Hdng Kdng, Viet Nam, Indonesia va Phillippin) gdm 48 ho, 113 gidng va 272 loai, trong dd Nam Trung Qude la 31 hg, 67 gidng va 153 loai. Can luu y rang: trong cdng trinh ciia Lowry ndi tren rat nhieu loai Amphipoda gammaridea dugc tac gia ghi la cd d Viet Nam theo tu lieu ciia
"Ren Cited in Huang (1994)". Chiing tdi cho rang dan lieu nay la chua cd can cir vi cho tdi nay rat nhieu loai trong sd nay chua dugc tim thay d bien Viet Nam.
Nhu vay, cd the thay cho den nay, mdi chi cd mot sd it nghien ciiu ve phan loai hoc ciia Amphipoda tai bien nam Trung Hoa, Philippin, Vjnh Thai Lan, Inddnexia.
O viing bien Viet Nam, nhdm Giap xac chan khac van dugc coi la mot trong nhiing nhdm Giap xac bien cdn it dugc nghien ciin nhat ve thanh phan phan loai hoc. Cd the ke mot sd it edng trinh tieu bieu nhu ciia Dawydoff (1952), Imbach (1967), Dang Ngoc Thanh (1968) va Margulis (1968). Tap hgp cac ket qua nghien cim ciia nhiing tac gia tren da thdng ke dugc 71 loai thudc Amphipoda-Gammaridea dugc xac djnh cd d viing bien Viet Nam. Vdi nhirng ket qua nghien ciiu nhu tren, cd the ndi cdn qua it cac dan lieu ve nhdm Giap xae chan khac d viing bien Viet Nam.
2. Vat mau va phu'ong phap nghien ciiu
Tai cac tham cd bien, rirng ngap man, bai bdi... thu mau tren be mat bai trieu vdi do sau xudng 5 cm bang khung vudng 50 x 50cm. Tai khu vuc nude sau tir 2 - 15m, sir dung ^au cudc biin cat degree 20 x 20cm de thu mau. Mau vat thu dugc thudng dugc rira sach bang sang hay tiii loc cd kich thudc mat ludi 0,5mm. Mau vat dugc bao quan bang dung djch formalin nude bien 10%.
Tren co sd phan tich cac vat mau thu dugc tir nhieu nam nay ciia Vien Hai duong hoc tai Nha Trang, Vien Tai nguyen va mdi trudng bien tai Hai Phdng, dac biet cac vat mau ciia chiing tdi thu dugc trong nhung nam 2004, 2008 d viing ven bd phia bac (Quang Ninh, Thai Binh, Nam Djnh, Thanh Hoa), nam trung bd (Phii Yen, Khanh Hoa), mien ddng nam bd (Viing Tau) va ven bd mien tay nam bd (Ca Mau-Kien Giang 2007-2009)
Dawydoff, 1952 Imbach, 1967 Margulis, 1968 D N Thanh, DN. Thanh, L.
1968 H Anh, 2005- 2009
1952-1968 1952-2010
Cac giai doan nghien ciru tir nam 1950-2010
Hinh I. Cdc nghien cuu, md td lodi ciia nhirng tdc gid thue hiin tgi Viet Nam
3. Ket qua va thao luan
Ting hgp cac ket qua khao sat sinh vat day d nhilu khu vucbien Viet Nam lir nam 1975 tdi nay, qua phan tich mau vat budc dau da xac djnh dugc khoang 103 loai, 41 gidng va 20 ho thudc phan bd Amphipoda Gammaridea. Trong 20 ho dd: 10 ho cd 1 gidng chiem 50%, 4 ho cd 2 gilng chilm 20%, 3 hg cd 3 gidng chiem \5%, 2 ho cd 4 gidng chiem 10% va 1 hp cd 7 gilng chilm 5%. Ho Ampeliscidae cd sd lugng loai nhieu nhat (29 loai) va chiem uu the nhat (chiem 29%) trong tdng sd loai).
So vdi cac kit qua nghien cuu tir nam 1952 den 1968 ciia cac tac gia Dawydoff, 1952 (9 loai); Dang Ngoc Thanh, 1965, 1967, 1968 (8 loai); Imbach, 1967 (41 loai); Masgulis.
1968 (16 loai) va tdng sd xac djnh dugc 71 loai, thi ket qua nghien ciiu ciia Dang Ngoc Thanh, Le Himg Anh (2005-2009), da xac djnh dugc 67 loai, trong dd da bd sung them 29 loai (nang ting sl thanh phAn loai xac djnh dugc d Viet Nam len tren 100 loai). Trong ket qua nghien cim nay, da cdng bd 2 gidng mdi va 3 loai mdi cho khoa hoc. Ngoai ra, cdn nhieu loai mdi va gidng mdi sap dugc cdng bd.
Bdng 1. So sdnh sd lugng ho, gidng vd lodi Amphipoda cua Viet Nam vai cdc khu vuc
Khu vuc Ddng Nam A
Nam Trung Qude (den nam 2002)''^
Viet Nam (den nam 2010)
Ho 48 31 20
Giong 113 105 41
Loai 272 284 103
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Hinh 2. Sd lugng cdc gidng, lodi cua cdc ho thudc Amphipoda a Viet Nam.
Ve phan bd theo viing dja ly thi sd lugng loai phan bd d viing bien ven bd khu vuc phia nam va nam trung bd Viet Nam la phong phii hon khu vuc phia bac, tan suat gap nhilu d cac khu virc Vjnh Nha Trang, Viing Tau.
Sd lugng loai Amphipoda ciia Viet Nam so vdi khu vuc Ddng Nam A, thi sd loai bang 36%. Cdn so vdi khu vuc nam Trung QuIc thi sd loai bang 35%o.
Trong cac hg ciia phan bd Amphipoda Gammaridea phan bd d dai ven bien Viet Nam.
chiem uu the nhat la ho Ampeliscidae (2 gidng, 29 loai) so vdi Nam Trung Qude (2 gidng, 48 loai), tiep den la ho Melitidae (8 gidng, 19 loai) so vdi nam Trung Qude (11 gidng. 56 loai).
Nhiing loai phd bien thudng gap d Viet Nam va cac viing trong khu vuc la: Ampelisca bocki; A. brevicornis; A. cyclops; A. miharaensis; A. miops; A. misakiensis; Bybiisjaponiciis;
B. orientalis; B. pilosa; Eriopisella propagatio; Victoriopisa chilkensis; Synchelidium miraculum; Orchestia anomala; Talorchestia martensii.
Nhung loai cd phan bd hep. nay chi mdi gap d Viet Nam nhu: Eohautorius tandeensis; Melita vietnamica; Grandidirella vietnamica; Indophoxus curvirostris; Kamaka palmata; Victoriopisa ovata, Vietorchestia quadrata; Vietophoxus longirostris...
4. Ket luan
Trong tinh hinh khu he Amphipoda d bien Viet Nam cdn chua dugc nghien cim day du. Cdn qua sdm de cd the xac djnh dugc day dii quan he thanh phan loai ciia khu he Amphipoda viing bien nay vdi cac viing bien ke can. Tuy nhien, qua nhirng dan lieu da cd, can cir vao cae ket qua phan tich mau vat thu dugc trong viing bien Viet Nam trong thdi gian gan day, cd the cd mot sd nhan xet budc dau nhu sau:
1. Thanh phan loai Amphipoda Gammaridea bien Viet Nam kha da dang, it nhat ciing gdm tdi 20 ho, 41 genus va khoang hon 100 loai
2. Ve mat taxonomy, khu he Amphipoda Gammaridea bien Viet Nam ed nhirng net dac trung, the hien d mot sd gidng mdi; loai mdi dugc xac lap nhu: Vietophoxus, Indophoxus (Phoxoeephalidae); Vietorchestia (Talitridae). Va nhieu loai mdi chi thay d vimg bien nay: Eohautorius tandeensis; Melita vietnamica; Grandidirella vietnamica; Indophoxus curvirostris; Kamaka palmata; Victoriopisa ovata, Vietorchestia quadrata; Vietophoxus longirostris... Ddng thdi, ciing thay quan he ve thanh phan loai vdi ca hai khu vuc bien Nam Trung Qude d phia tren va Indonesia, Thailand d phia dudi.
5. Loi cam on
Nhdm tac gia xin cam on Phdng sinh hoc - Vien Dau khi Viet Nam, Vien Hai duong hoc Nha Trang, Vien Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng bien Hai Phdng da tao dieu kien cho viec tham khao va tach mau vat nghien ciiu. Bai bao dugc hd trg kinh phi cua de tai nghien ciiu co ban trong khoa hgc tu nhien (NAFOSTED-106.12.29.09) cho viec di lai thue hien thu thap va tdng hgp mau vat.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Le Hiing Anh, Dang Ngoc Thanh, "Mdt sd ddn lieu ban ddu vi thdnh phdn lodi gidp xdc chdn khdc (Gammaridea - Amphipoda) a viing bien ven ba Viet Nam". Hdi nghj khoa hoc toan qude lan thii hai (phan khu he ddng vat - thue vat; sinh thai hoc va mdi trudng) 2007, trang 9-14.
2. Le Hiing Anh, Dang Ngoc Thanh, "Mdt sd ddn lieu ban ddu vi gidp xdc chdn khdc (Amphipoda) a viing bien ven ba Trung Bd Viet Nam". Hdi nghj khoa hoc toan qude ve sinh thai va tai nguyen sinh vat lan thir ba (phan khu he ddng vat - thirc vat; sinh thai hgc va mdi trudng) 2009, trang 21-24.
3. Dang Ngoc Thanh, Le Hiing Anh, "Mot sd ddn lieu mai vi nhdm Amphipoda- Gammaridae a viing biin Viet Nam". Tap chi Sinh hoe, 6/2005, tap 27 - sd 2, trang 1-7.
4. Barnard J. L., "Smithsonian contributions to Zoology", 58: 1-135 (1971).
5. Barnard J. L. et Karaman G. S., "Ree. Australian Museum", suppl. 13 (2): 4 1 9 - 8 6 6 (1991).
6. Dang Ngoc Thanh, "Zoologicheski Jurnal, XLVII (2): 2 1 2 - 2 2 1 (1968).
7. Imbach M. C , "NAGA Report", IV (1): 39 - 167. PI. 1 - 33 (1967).
8. Joanne Taylor, "Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication", 23 (1): 253 - 263 (2002).
9. J. K. Lowery, "Amphipoda crustaceans in the South China sea with a checklist of known species". The Raffles Museum Bulletin of Zoology - 2000. Suppl. 8: 309-342 (2000)
10. Margulis R. JA., Zoologicheski Jurnal, XLVII, (10): 1480 - 1488 (1968).
11. Somchai Bussarawich, "Gammaridea Amphipoda from mangroves in Southern Thailand". Paper presented at the 5' seminar on Mangrove Ecosystem. Phuket (1985).
12. Ren Xianqiu, "Crustacea Amphipoda Gammaridea (I)". Fauna Sinica. Invertebrata Vol.41: 588 (2002).
