HQl NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH THAl VA TAl NGUYEN SINH VAT L A N T H C 5
NHtTNG DAN LIEU BAN DAU
VE CAC LOAI BO SAT BUON BAN 6 TINH TIEN GIANG
HOANG THI NGHIEP, VO THI TRINH Trirang Dgi hgc Ddng Thdp TiSn Giang la mpt tinh thupc Dong bang song Ciiu Long vai mot phan dien tich nam trong viing Dong TTiap Mucri, co duong ba bien dai 32km, dja hinh tucmg d6i bing phang [8]. Mang nhBng dac diem chung cua mien Tay Nam Bo, tinh Tien Giang c6 dieu ki?n tu nhien chu yeu la dong bSng vai he tliong kenh rach chang chit nen nhom dpng vat riing a day khong phong phu nhu cac tinh khu vuc mien Bac va mien Trung. Do do, ngyai dan a day thu"6ng khai thae cac Ioai luang cu, bo sat lam thuc pham va de buon ban nhu cac loai thuy hai san. Dac biet, nhirng Ioai ran va rua nhu: Tran dat. Ran bong sung. Ran bong voi, Ran bong kliong ten, Ran mong. Ran soc dtra. Ran rao thuong, Riia ba ga... thuang bi san bat va buon ban pho bien a cac chp thirc pham. Nhu cau dung thit rSn nhu mpt mon an sanh di?u da lam cho viec khai thae va buon ban cac loai bo sat rk phat trien. De co ca sa cho viec de xuat nhung giai phap quan I^ vi^c khai thae, sir dung va buon ban cac lo^i bo sat thi cong tac diSu tra, nghien cini tinh hinh buon ban cac Ioai bo sat a day la rat can thiet, gop phan vao bao ton va phat trien ben vung nguon tai nguyen sinh vat nay.
I. PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU
Dilu tra, khao sat ve thanh phan Ioai va tinh hinh buon ban cac Ioai bo sat tai 26 diem chp tren dja ban tinh Ti^n Giang tCr thang 12/2012 den thang 5/2013.
Djnh ten khoa hgc cac toai dira theo tai Ii?u ciia Dao Van Tien (1981, 1982), Nguyin Van Sang vd cs. (2009), S. M. Campden Main (1984). Ten dja phuang ciia Ioai theo ket qua phong van nguai dan va ngu6i buon ban bo sat.
Ddnh gia ve gia tri bao t6n dira theo Sach Do Viet Nam 2007; Danh luc Do lUCN nam 2012; Nghi dinh so 32/2006 ciia Chinh phu; Cong uac CITES 2006.
Tan so gap cua cac Ioai duoc tinh theo tong cac diem khao sat khi bat gap loai d6. Gia ban ciia moi loai dirge tinh theo gia trj trung binh ciia cac diem buon ban dirge dieu tra.
II. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU
I.Thanh phan loiii bo sut buon ban 6* tinh Tien Giang
BirocdSu da xac djnh dugc 16 loai thugc 14 giong, 7 hp, 3 bp trong lap bo sat co mat o cac clip buon ban dgng vat. Cac Ioai bo sat khai thae de sir dung va buon ban duoc the hien trong bang 1.
Bdng 1 Thanh phan Ioai bo sat buon ban 6'tinh Tien Giang
rr
1
Ten Vift Nam 1. BO CO V A Y (1) HpR^n hai d i u Rin hai dau
Ten dja phiro'ng
Rin trun duoi do
Ten khoa hpc SQUAMATA Uropeltidae Cylindrophis ruffus
(Laurenti. 1768)
Gia ban
220 T i n so
gap
26 Si>
dung
TP
HOI NGHI KHOA HQC TOAN QUOC V£ SINH THAI VA T A I N G U Y E N SINH VAT LAN THI> 5
TT
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11
12
13
14
15
ia
Ten Vi^t Nam {2) H p R i n m S n g Rin mong (3) Hp R5n niFOC Rin n ca Rin spc dua Rin bong sung Rin bong me kong Ran b6ng voi Rin rao thuang Rin niKOC chinh thu-c (4) Hp Rin ho Rin cap nong Rin ho mang II. BO R O A (5) Hp Rua d i m Rua ba go"
Riia hpp lung den (6) Hp Ba ba Ba ba NamBp
Ba ba tron III. BOCASAU (7) Hp Ca s i u Ca sau xiem
Ten dja phipcng
Ho hanh
Rica Ho ngya Bong sung Ran bu Ijch, Rin lai Voi voi, Rl tuong Ho lai, Chao chao Rin nuoc
Mai g i m Rin ho d i t
RCia CO
Rua n i p
Cua dinh Baba
Ca sau
Ten khoa hoc Xenopeltidae Xenopettis unicolor
(Reinwardt, in Bote. 1827) Colubridae Homalopsis buccata
(Linnaeus, 1758) Elaphe radiate
(Schlegel, 1837) Enhydiis enhydns (Schneider. 1799) Enhydns subtaenlata
(Bourret. 1934) Enhydns bocourti
{Jan. 1865) Ptyas korros
(Schlegel, 1837) Xenochrophis piscator
(Schneider, 1799) Elapidae Bungarus fasciatus
(Schneider, 1801) Naja atra Cantor, 1842 TESTUDINATA Emydidae Ma/ayemys subtnjuga
(Schlegel etS.Muller, 1844) Cuora amboinensis
(Daudin, 1801) Tryonichidae Amyda cartilaglnea
(Boddaert. 1770) Petodiscus sinensis
(Wiegmann, 1834) CROCODYUA Crocodylidae Crocodylus siamensis
(Schneider, 1801)
Gia ban
800
260 350 150 150 600 240 250
800 1.000
350
400
500 200
150 T l n s 6
9 l P
12
12 8 26 26 12 20 22
1 1
14 5
2
21
12 Sip di/ng
TP
TP TP TP TP TP TP TP
TH TH
TP
TP
TP TP
TP
Ghi chir G ia ban: Dem vj 1.000 d6ng; TP: Diing \tm thirc phim; TH: Dang 14m Ihu6c.
HQl NGHj KHOA HOC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH THAI VA TAI NGUYEN SINH VAT L A N THtj 5 Bang I cho thay, vai 16 loai bo sat duae khai thae dk buon ban a tinh Tien Giang thi bp Co viy-Squamata co nhieu Ioai nhit (11 Ioai, chiem 68,75% tong s6 Ioai buon ban), bp Riia- Testudinata co 4 Ioai dupe ghi nh^n buon ban (chiem 25% tong s6 Ioai buon ban).
Hg Rin nuac-CoIubridae co s6 Ioai nhilu nhat, 7 Ioai (chilm 43,75% tong s6 Ioai buon b^); hg RiJa dlim-Emydidae c6 2 Ioai (chiem 12,5% tong s6 Ioai); hp Ba ba-Tryonichidae co 2 loii (chilm 12,5% tong so Ioai); cac hp con Iai chi co I Ioai (chilm 6,25% s6 loai).
2. Gia tri buon ban cac loai bo sat if tinh Tien Giang
Cac Ioai bo sat bi san bat dk buon ban, phMC vu nhu cau lam thirc pham, lam dupe lieu hoac xuat khau. Trong 16 Ioai dupe khai thae siJr dung va buon ban a tinh Tiln Giang co 13 Ioai dupe khai thae dl lam thirc phim hing ngay, chii yeu tap trung vao hp RSn nude, co 2 Ioai dupe sir dirng lam thuoc thupc hp Ran ho. Ca siu xiem la loai dupe nuoi de ISy da xuat khau, phin con I^i dupe ban lam thirc pham.
Co 3 Ioai dupe ghi nhan cr tit ca cac diem buon ban (26 dilm chp. voi fin so gap la 100%), bao gom Ran bong me kong-Enhydris sublaeniala, Rin bong siing-Enhydris enhydris va Rin hai dk\i-Cylindrophis niffiis, day la 3 loai lam thuc pham hSng ngay rit pho biln ciia nguai dan fir trong tinh. Cac loai thupc hg Ran ho rit hilm gap, ca hai Ioai (Rin cap nong-Bungarus fasciatus va Ran ho mzng-Naja atra) chi ghi nhan a mpt diem trong 26 dilm dupe dilu tra.
Lirpng rin ban ra trong ngay chii ylu la cac loai thupc hp Rin nucrc, nhilu nhit la Rin bong sfing, Ran b6ng me kong va Ran hai dau (khoang I,2kg/I ngay/l diem chp). Do thai gian khao sat mai chi tap trung vao miia kho nen chua the thong ke danh gia day du ve so Iugng bo sat khai thae va buon ban trong tinh.
Gia ban cac Ioai bo sat cung tuang doi cao so vai cac loai dpng vat thiiy hai san, cac loai thupc hp Ran ho-Elapidae co gia ban tir 800 nghin den 1 trieu dong, cac loai thugc nhung hp con Iai gia ban tir 150 nghin dong/kg tra len.
3. Gia tri bao ton ciia cac loai bo sat bi buon ban
Bdng 2 Cnc loiii bo sat quy hiem bj buon bun a tinh Tien Giang
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
e
Ten Vi|t Nam Rin SQC 6ua Rin bSng voi Rin rao thLFong Rin cap nong Rin ho mang Rua hop liFng den Rua ba go Ba ba Nam BQ
Ten khoa hgc Elaphe radiate Enhydris bocourii Ptyas korros Bungarus fasciatus Naja atra Cuora amboinensis Malayemys subtnjuga Amyda cartilaglnea
SOVN VU VU EN EN EN VU VU VU
lUCN
LC LC LC LC VU VU VU
NB32
IIB IIB
CITES
II II
1 ChichC: 1. SDVN: Sach Do Vi?I Nam (2007): EN: Nguy dp, VU: Se nguy d p ; 2. lUCN. Danh luc Do lUCN (2012); VU: Se nguy dp, LC: Dang can nhac dira vao Danh luc Do; 3. ND32: Nghj dinh s6 32/2006/ND-CP: IIB: Han chl khai ihic va sir dung vi muc dich thirong mai; 4. CITES (2006): I: Cac loai c6 nguy CO luy?t chiing, II: C^c loii dirpc phep buon ban c6 kilm soat.
HOI NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U 6 C V E SINH THAl VA TAI N G U Y £ N SINH V A T L A N THCF 5 Trong so 16 loai bo sat buon ban a tinh Tien Giang co 8 Ioai can dupe bao ton (chiem 50%
t6ng s6 loai buon ban). Trong do, ca 8 loai c6 ten trong Sach Do Viet Nam (2007) 6 mirc xep hang Nguy d p (EN) la 3 loai va 5 Ioai 6 miJrc Se nguy cap (VU); 3 Ioai a mirc Se nguy cap *1 (VU) theo Danh luc Do lUCN (2012); 2 Ioai nim trong nhom IIB (han chl khai thae vasii dung) theo Nghj djnh so 32/2006/ND-CP; 3 Ioai nim trong Cong ucrc CITES 2006.
Dang chii y la co nhDng loai quy hiem nhung tin s6 gap a cac diem buon ban rat thuong xuyen nhu Rin bong vo\-Enhydris bocourti gap a 12/26 dilm khao sat, tuotig t^r, Rin rao thubng-Piyas korros gap a 14/26 diem, Rin spc dua-Elaphe radiaia ghi nhan a 8 diem, Riia ba ga-Malayemys siibtrijuga ghi nhan dupe 14/26 diem, Riia hop lung dtn-Cuora amboinensis g|ip 4/26 diem. Dieu nay cho thay viec buon ban bo sat a day chua dupe quan Iy theo dimg quy djnh, dan den lam suy giam nguon lpi bo sat a dja phuang.
III. KET LUAN
Co 16 Ioai thupc 14 giong, 7 hg, 3 bp trong lap bo sat hi khai thae va buon ban o tinh Tien Giang. Trong do co 8 Ioai quy hiem, can dupe bao t6n (chiem 50,0% so Ioai); tat ca 8 Ioai co ten - trong Sach Do Viet Nam (2007); 3 loai trong Danh luc Do lUCN (2012); 2 Ioai han che khai thae va sir dung trong Nghj djnh so 32/2006/ND-CP; 3 Ioai nim trong Cong uac CITES (2006).
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Bp Khoa hpc Cfing ngh|, Vi^n Khoa hpc vi C6ng ngh^ Vi?t Nam, 2007. Sach Do Vi?t Nam (phin Dong vat). NXB. KHKT.
2. BQ Nong nghifp & Phat trien nong then, 2006. Danh m^c cac loai dgng vat, thirc vat hoang d3 quy djnh trong cac phu luc cua Cong uac CITES-Quyet djnh s6 54/2006/QD-BN'N, Ha Ngi.
3. Campden Main S.M., 1984. A Field Guide to Snakes of South Vietnam, Herpetologica.
4. Chinh phu nuoc Cgng hoa Xa hgi ChO nghTa Viet Nam, 2006. Nghj djnh s6 32/2006/ND-CP.
5. Dio V3n Tien, 1981. Tap chi Sinh vat hgc, 3 (I); 1-6.
6 Dio V3n Tien, 1982. Tap chi Sinh v^t hgc, 4 (I): 5-9.
7 lUCN, 2012. The lUCN Red List ofThreatenedSpecies.www.redlist.org, 19 May 2012.
8 Le Thong, 2006. Dja li cac tinh va thanh ph6 Vi?t Nam, tap 6. NXB. Giao dye, tr. 233-278.
9 Nguyen V. S., Ho T. C , Nguyen Q. T., 2009. Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Edition Chimaira.
THE INITIAL DATA OF REPTILES ON TRAFFICKING IN TIEN GIANG PROVINCE
HOANG THl NGHIEP, VO THI TRINH
SUMMARY
Based on the results of surveys from 12/2012 to 5/2013 in Tien Giang province, a traded species list ofthe Reptilia was established includes 16 spdes belonging to 14 genus, 7 families and 3 order. Of those, it has a total 8 precious species, with them, 8 species listed in the Red Data Book of Viet Nam (2007), 7 species listed in the lUCN Red List (2012), 2 species listed in Governmental Decree No 32/2006/ND-CP (Dated 30/3/2006), 3 species listed in CITES.
