Tir tiroBg cua V.I.Lenin ve nh

^ ^ Tir tiroBg cua V.I.Lenin ve nh|n thuc va sy qua do len chu nghia xa hoi Nguyen Hiing H|u', Nguyin Cirong^ „. J t " ^'' V'^^ " "^^ *" " * " ^ " / ' ' • °'' '^ •="= *^8udi vd cnng phong phu; dac bift trong tu todng ve nhan ftuc va qua dd gian tilp len chu nghTa xa hpi cd nhiiu dilm dde dao, va c6 y ngh,a het sue quan upng dli vdi Vift Nam. Theo tu tudng cua V.l.Lenin, net dje tnmg cia qua dd. ban CO nnh chien lupe cho cach msng Viet Nam hien nay vattongthdi gian tdi. Tir khda: Net dpc dao; m mdng; nhan dnic; chu nghia xi hpi; V.I.Lenin.. views which are matchless and bear exfremely important signiiicance to Vietaam. In line with V I Lenms thought, the characteristic ofthe period in Vietaam is that it is an indirect cue, with tae by^ pass of fte stage of capitalist development, while inheriting achievements that mankind has made under the capitalist regime. This is a fundamental and highly strategic oriemation for the Vietnamese revolution m the time to come. Keywords: Matchlessness; ideology; cognition; socialism; V.l. Lenin. 1. Mddau V.I.Lenin da phat Iriln chu nghia CMac trong dieu kijn chu nghia tu ban chuy6n sang giai dopi dd qudc, ttong Uidi ky budc dau xay dimg chu ngMa xi hpi hien thirc d nudc Nga Xd vidt; Ngudi da dua chu nghia Ivlac phat ttien len mdt giai d o ^ mdi, giai doan L6mn. Di san cua Ldnin het siic da dang, vd cilng phong phli; ttong khudn kho pham vi bai nay tic gii chi de c|p ddn net dpc dao ttong ttr ttntag cua ngudi ve nhan Uiirc va qud dp gian Uep len chli nghia x i hpi. 2. N6t d$c d i e trong tir tirdng ciia yXLenin vi nhsln thirc Phit ttien nhttag tti tudng cua C.Mac va Ph.Angghen, V.LLenin da dua ra ba nguyen tic CO bin cua ly lujin nhan Uiiic: (Aii- nhat, thira nhjn sir ton t^ cua nhOng sir v$t, hien. ttrpng khich quan ddc lap vdi j thue cua con ngudi; Ihti hai, khdng cd su khac nhau ve nguyen tic giOa hien ttipng va vat hr nd (cai khdng nhan Unic dupc), chi cd sir khdc nhau giSa cdi dupc nhan flnic v i cii chua dupc nhan flnic; Ihti ba, nhan Ihitc la mpt qui ttinh bien chftng. Ngudi cdn cho ring Unrc ticn cao hon nhan thiic (ly luan), fliirc tien cua con ngudi lip di lip lai hang nghin ttieu lan dupc in vao y thiic cua con ngudi bang nhimg hinh ttrpng logic vi con ngudi Chung minh bing fliuc tien ciia mmh su dung dan khach quan cua nhiing y niem, Uiai nipm, tri fliuc, khoa hpc cua minh.. n? ™ ; ? « t 5 "^ "*• """^ "^ ""^ t» "' ™ Minh.. BT: 0912 859895. Emai. hunghamggmolcom Tligc si; Vifn Phil trien kinh l^ hpp tic. DT: 0978754 318 Email: cuonghcm25@gmail.com. Khoa hpc xahpi Viet Nam, sd 9 (106)-2016 Nhiing diem ddc dio ttong tu tudng ve nhan thiic cua Ngudi li d cho, Ngudi cho ring nhiing pham trii Ii diem niit cua mang ludi nhihig hipn tuong tu nhien, chung giiip ta nhan thiic vi nim virng duoc mang Iudi. Qua dd ta thay, nam duoc he thdng pham trii, ttic la nam dupc nhung diem nut trong cdi ludi biia vay bat gidi tir niiien. Nhu chiing ta biet, net d^c tnmg trong nh|n thiic Ciia khoa hpc la phin inh thd gidi hdng nhitag khdi nipm, pham tfiL Dieu nay khic vdi phin inh cua Sm nhac - bing im Uianh, hpi hpa - bing miu sic, dudng ndt, kjch cim - bing ding dipu, cu chi. Ngudi ta cdn vi, ndu khca hpc la mpt Iau dii, thi nhitag khii niem, pham trii nhu nhitag ngudi Iinh canh giii liu dii dd. Muon vio dupc lau dai, diu tien anh phii qua dupc nhitag ngudi Iinh nay. Nhu v^y, nim dupc nhitag khii nipm, phgm tru cda mpt khoa hpc la khiu dau tien, quan trpng nhat dd di vio khoa hpc.. phin inh khdng dong nhit vdi cfi tlf fH|,' anh. Bdi viy, ngufti nao chip vio cjii:ci| e rang ngufti dd chi dudi theo cdi bdsgt^ ddi tugng, chii khdng phii b i j tUn ^. ttipng, khdng bao gio nim bit dupo bh chit Ciia sir vit, hien tucmg dang vjn d^m ciia the gidi bdn ngoai.. Trong .Silr t)i triit hgc, Ltoin dm ring con ngufti khdng thd nSm bjt dupc bi% phin inh, bing midu td toin bd g i * ' ^ nhidn mdt cdch diy du, trong tinh chMrttt trirc tidp cua nd, m i con ngudi chi cd th^^ gin mai den dd, bing cdch fjo ta nhB^ trira tupng, nhttag khdi ni$m, nhiing qiy Iuat, mdt bile ttanh khoa hpc vi tb^ gifi, Nhu vjy, Ldnin da di siu hon, phin tieh C0 che cda sir phin anh. Lenin ludn nhic nhd; nlijn thlic li su tidn gin mii mai vi vdtln cua tu duy d^n khich thd cda gidi ttf nhiin phai dupc hiiu khdng phii mdt cich "tSA Cling", "trifu tupng", khdng phii khdng \#i ddng, khdng mau Uiuin, m i 14 ttong qui Theo Ngudi, nhin Uiirc li sir phan dnh trinh vTnh viin cua sir vjn ddng, cda sir niy gidi tv nhi6n bdi con ngudi. Nhung dd sinh mau thuin va sir giii quyet nhihig miu khdng phii 14 mdt phin inh don gian, ttve thuan dd. Miu thuin d ch5, sir vjt, hi^ liip, hoin chinh, mi li mdt qua ttinh, ci tupng ludn ludn vjn d0ng; trong khi SS, mpt chu5i nhitag sir ttim ttrpng, sir ciu nhjn thtrc cua chiing ta lai dem c6 d ^ sp thinh, sit hinh fliinh ra cic khdi niem, quy vjt, hi$n ttrpng dd lji ttong ttidi iiim nkgl Iu$t, vi chmh cic khdi nipm, quy lujt niy flnic. Qua dd ta thiy, nhjn flnic ciia chiStlg bao quit mpt cdch cd didu kipn, gin diing ta giong nhu mpt chiec miy inh, chup $ Unh quy luJt ph6 bi«n ciia gidi tif nhien mpt hipn tiipng, sv vjt dang vju d?il|. vinh vien vin dpng va phit ttiSn. IMhu vjy, Nhung neu khdng lim nhu vjy ttil ching fc nhjn Uiuc li phin inh, nhung phan inh Id lji khdng nhjn thiic dupc chdng khi chiiiig mpt qui^n^nh khdng hd gidn don mi 14 ci dang vjn ddng. Tit day, til Uiiy, dilm SSc mpt chu5i nhiing ttim ttipng hinh fliinh nSn iao hem niia d cho, Lenin cho ring chung ta nhimg khii nipm, quy Iu|t gin diing vdi khdng Uie bilu hi$n, Uil hipn, do l i l H quy luat Uong gidi tit nhien. Qua dd ta Uiiy, Unh dung sir vjn dpng m i khdng cit lift gldl ttr idlien ttong diu khdng ttung khit' tinh lien tiic, khdng don giin hda, khdng Widng d6ng nhdt vdi gidi tir nhien ben lim thd Io, khdng tach rfti, khdng liffl ngoii, cii Uni nhit chi la phdn anh gin ddng ciing cii dang sdng. Vipc tti duy OthS| cat Uui hai dang vinh vi?n van ddng. Cdi nhiJng tir duy m i c i cim giic) Mnh dung'#. 1 'm\. Nguydn Himg HJu, Nguygn Cuong vjn ddng (khdng nhiSng sir vjn ddng m i tit ci cac khdi nipm) bao gift cdng Iam flid Id, iim ehet ctmg. I^nin khing dinh, diy chinh li ban chit cua phdp bien chiing. Day Ii diem vd cing dpc ddo trong tu tudng cua V.I.Lenin vd nhin Unic. Dd nhin Uittc mpt sit vjt hipn tiipng nio dd, chiing ta phai cd dinh su vjt hipn ttipng dd I^, bdi vi ndu dd nd vjn dpng, vtra l i nd vira khdng phai la nd flii chung ta khdng thS nhjn Unic dupc. Co dinh Iai, theo nghia nio dd, chung ta da Itol don gian hda, lim chdt cung cdi dang sdng, Iim flid Io, flieo tii cua V.LLenin. Nhung neu khdng Iim nhu vjy, flii khoa hpc lji khdng thd tidn ldn phia trudc. Diy ciing li diem djc fliti dong Uidi cOng li ban ehi cua khoa hpc lam cho nd khic vdi cac lihh viro khic nhu nghp UiuJt, am nhac. ISlhimg khi d i niijn thiic dupc, cii cho Ii nhjn thtic diing d Uidi dilm dd, Uii sir vjt, hi^n tupng Iai van dpng sang Uidi dilm khic. Nhu yJy, nhjn Uuic Ii mpt qud ttinh dupi theo nim bit sir vjt, hipn ttrpng v i qui tttoh niy 14 vd han. Thirc chat cua mau fliuin n4y flil hipn a vipc cii ddng di nim bit, phin dnh cii dpng. Dl khic phiic mau UiuIn niy, nhilu nhi ttilt hpc phuong Ddng v i ttilt hpc Phjt giao chu truong lay tinh chl dpng, "dT bit bien ilng vjn biln". Cv All cdc nhi Thiln hpc dua ra chu ttirong "dl tim ttTiyen tim". Nhung diy Iai Id mdt lilih vvc bi in, khd hilu ddi vdi dai da so nhieu ngirdi. De giii quyit miu UiuIn niy, V.LLenin cho ring, tti duy khi tien Ien tir cii cv thd din cdi triru tupng, niu nd dting, Uii khdng xa rdi chin 1^, m i din gin chan Iy. Nhimg sv trim tupmg vl vjt chit, vl quy lujt tu nhidn, sv tfim tiipng ve gii tti... tdm lai, tit cd nhiing sv ti*u ttipmg khoa hpc (dung. din, nghiem tdc, khdng toy tidn) phin inh gidi hi niiidn sau sic hon, chinh xdc hon, diy dd hon. Tir tmc quan sinh ddng din tu duy trim tupng, v i tir tu duy triru tupng din thuc tidn - dd la con dudng bien chiing cua su nhan thlic chan Iy, cua su nhjn thtrc thvc tji khach quan. Trong But ky Iriit hgc, Lenin ciing canh bao rang tinh Iinh hojt cua cic khii niem; tinh Iinh hojt dd i p dung mdt cich chii quan, dd la chu nghia chilt trung vi ngvy bien; tinh hnh hojt ap dvng mdt each khdch quan, nghia li phin inh tinh toan dien cua qua trinh dd, thi dd la phep bien chiing, la sv phin inh chinh xdc su phdt triln vinh vien cua thl gidi. 3. Net dgc dao trong tir tudng dia YXLenin vl qua dp gian tiep len chii nghb x9 hpi Ke thtra nhttag luin dilm cua C.Mic, Ph.Angghen, Lenin cho ring thfti ky qui dp cd nhirng die dilm sau: Thti nhdl, thai ky qua dp Ii Uidi ky do nhieu Uiinh phan khdng fliuan nhit ciu tao ndn, Uifti ky dan xen, fliam nhjp vio nhau giOa chu nghia ttr bin v i chd nghia xi hpi. Ching hjn, vl kinh tl, din nim 1921, khi dua ra Chinh sich kinh tl mfti, Lenin da nhin ra 5 Uianh phin kinh tl ttong flifti ky qui dp, dd li: kinh tl ttr gia tiudng, kinh tl hang hda nhd, kinh tl tu bin, kinh tl nhi nudc tir ban chit nghia, kmh tl x i hpi chii nghia. Thti hai, dd li flidi ky sv phit ttiln cua cdi cu, cua nhttag ttjt tv cu ddi khi lin it nhttag mam mdng ctia cai mdi, tidt tv mdi. Thii ba, dd li flidi ky phit ttien tmh tv phit tidu tir sin - ke fliii giiu mjt hit strc. Khoa hoc xa hpi Vigt Nam, so 9 (106) - 2Q16 ciia lich su, cdn chira t^o ra dtii^ t^flfe dieu ki$n vat chit Iam cho vi$c ttuS Hg phucmg thti:c san xult tu Mn, ^fk do d6,'-Qi T^ii- iu, do la thai ky lau dai, hk site kho viec l^t do hoan toan nen thong tri c l ^ M khan, phiic tap, phai trai qua nhieu Ian thii' cua giai cap tu san, trd th^nh tit yiu. TasA nghiam d6 rut kinh nghi?m, de co huong di tac phim Sir phdt triin cOa chu n^mM dung dan; trong qua trinh thir nghiem ay, hQi tir ^ong tuang din khoa hpc (1M(^ theo C.Mac, co the phai tra gia cho nhfing Ph.Angghen nhan mgnh ring myc dft^:(& sai ISm nghiem trpng. each mang v5 sin la giai quyit mSu tiiu|i Vgy qua dp tir chu nghTa tu ban sang chii gifia luc lupfng san xuat va quan h$ sin xuit nghia cpng san co dac diem gi? Dac diem tu ban chil nghia, la giai thoat nhttng t a % n6i bat nhat dupc Lenin chi ra tr€n khia san xxilt khdi tinh chit tu bin chu ngh&«4 canh goe d§ dan chii. Neu nhu ch6 dp dSn de cho tfnh chit xa h^i cua chlSng du^c chli trong xa hpi tu ban, van nhu truoc kia, hoan toan ty: do phat triln. van chi la dan chu cho mpt thiSu s6 ft Theo L6nin, tfnh dSc thu rS nhit d d^, ngucri, dan chu cho giai cSp co cua, mpt thu x3 hpi cang ft (kem) phit triln, thi thdi 1^ dan chli bo h?p, cha d^p len nguoi ngheo, qui dd cang dii, khi qui dp l&i chii nghk thi vdi chuyen chinh vo san, liin dau tifin, xa hpi cing g§p nhilu khd khin, phftc tjp, che dp dan chii trd thanh ch6 dp dSn chu cing phii trii qua nhieu budc qui d0 nhfi cho ngucri ngheo, cho nhan dan. trung gian, nhieu budc thi3r thich. CMic, Chinh cai x3 h^i vira thoat thai tCr chii Ph.Angghen, V.I.LSnin cdn dua ra quan nghTa tu bin, theo CMdc, khong phai la diem vl khi nSng qua dO nit ngin, ldi6ng mpt xa hpi cpng san da phat triln tren qua chl dp tu bin chu nghia. nhdng co so ciia rieng nd, ma vh mpi Theo ly luan hinh thii kinh tl - xa m phucnig difn, xS hpi ly con mang nhung diu vht cua xa hOi cu, xS hpi da de ra n6, do nhihig nudc tu bin phat triln cao, khi mi quan he sin xult trd thanh xilng xft* ti^i li xa h0i d giai do?ui diu hay giai doan thap ciia chli nghia cpng san, xa hpi xa hOi chii bupc, kim ham, miu thuSn din cao <^ vdi nghTa. Cho nen trong giai d o ^ nay chua trinh dp phat trien ciia lyc Iupng sin xujit the th\rc hi^n dupc cong bing va binh ding, thi sdm hay mupn ciing sg xiy ra cieh d§c bi?t vg quyen lpi, dieo CMac, khong mang xa hpi x3 hpi chii nghia; phuong Mb nen binh ding, ma n6n bat binh ding, boi san xult tu ban chii nghia Ioi thdi nfalt ^ le, quyen lpi khdng bao gid cd thh cao hon phii nhudng cho cho phucmg thfic sin xui tr?ng thai kinh te ciia xa hpi va cao hon cao hon, tiln bp hon, x i hpi tu bin nhil trinh dp vfin minh ciia xa hpi tuong ung vdi djnh se phii chuyin biln thanh xa W ri hpi chli nghia. Dd li quy luit tit yiu trcaig tr?ng thai kinh th ay. s\r phat triln ciia xa hpi ioii ngudi. Do % C.Mac, Ph.Angghen cung da chi ra ring cac nudc tu bin phat trien niy cd thl tr^c n6u nhu giai cap vo san cd lit d6 nhn thdng tiep di len chii nghia xa hpi trii qua mOt tri chinh trj ciia giai d p hi san thi thing lpi thai ky qua dp nhu C.Mic da chi ra trang ciia no cung s6 chi la nhit thdi, khi nao ma Phe phdn cuang linh Gota. Tuy nhiftit trong tien trinh iich sir, trong sir van ddng trong ljch sir nhan loJii, sxf phat triln cia cfc nguy hiem va con nguy hiem hon ca bpn phan each mang cong khai.. Nguyin Hung iiju, Nguyin Cucmg nudc, Ulim chi ngay ttong cac nudc tu bin de ttong nhitag dilu iden nllit dinh chuyin li khdng dong diu; bdn canh nhimg nudc Ien chu nghia x i hdi khdng qua sv phit cd trinh dp phit triln cao l£ii cd nhimg nudc trien tu hin chti nghia. Trong thu gdi ban phit triln rit fliip, fliJm chi cdn rit Iac hau. bien t&p ta Ky su nudc nhd, CMic cho Vjy, xuit hipn tinh hudng Ii nhitag nudc rang ndu nudc Nga cii tilp tvc di theo con chua qua giai dojn ttr bin chu nghia cd dudng md nd flieo dudi tvr nim 1861, ttic nhat fliilt phii phit ttiln Ien ttr bin chi con dudng phat triln tir ban chu nghia thi nghia v i khi chin mudi mdi di Ien chu nd se bd Id mat mpt ca hpi tdt dpp nhit (ttic nghia xa hdi hay khdng? Cd flil nit ngin di thing Ien chu nghia xa hdi) m i Iich su da hay khdng qua che dp tir bin chu nghia ttmg dinh cho mdt dan tpc nio dd v i nd sd khdng? Neu cd thi cin nhitag dilu kien gi? Va qud ttinh nay cd phii la qud trinh Iich chiu tat c i mpi tai hpa khung khilp cda chl dd tu bin. Trong ldi tva vilt cho ban tiing str tv nhien hay khdng? Nga xuit bin nam 1882 cua Tuyen ngon Khi phin ti'ch, nghidn cfei chu nghia tir Ddng cgngsdn, C.Mic v i Ph.Angghen vilt: bin, C.Mic, Ph.Angghen di din phin dodn "Bay gid, Uni hdi cdng xa ndng flidn Nga, cho ring cich mang vd sdn cd tit c i nhftng cai hinh thiic d i bi phan giai iy cda chl dp tridu chihig sip no ra d tit ci cdc nudc tu cdng him rupng dit nguyen Uiiiy, cd flil b i i tidn tiln Iiic biy gid. Hai dng chua dv chuyin thing sang hmh Unic cao, cdng sin kidn hit Hnh phile tap cua cupc cich mang chu nghia vl sd hthi rudng dit khdng, hay All gidi, don giin cho ring do tic ddng ciia la trudc het, nd ciing phii trdi qua qud ttinh d^ cdng nghi^^p da tjo ndn flij ttirdng flil tan ra iihu nd di ttii qua ttong tiln trinh gidi, da san bing sv phdt tiiln x i hpi d tit phdt ttiln lich str ciia phuong Tdy? Ngdy cd cic nudc vin minh, vi vjy cupc cich nay, Idi giii dip duy nhit cho cdu hdi ay la mjng cdng sin chu nghia s6 li cupc cich Uie ndy: niu cich mang Nga bio hidu mdt m^ng cd Unh chit tpan ciu vi vi viy nd sS cupc cich mang vd sin d phucmg Tay vd cd mpt vii dii toin flil gidi. Nam 1895, neu ci hai cupc each mang iy bd sung cho Ph.Angghen cho ring ci dng vi C.Mic di nhau thi che dp rupng dit cdng cdng d Nga khdng Uiiy tt£uig flidi phat ttien kinh tl tten hien nay se cd Uil la khdi dilm cua mpt su lvc dja Idc biy gid cdn rit Iau mdi chin tien trien cpng sin chd nghia" [1, tt.434]. muoi dl xda bd phuong Unic ttr bin chu Nhu vjy, khdng dung tti "bd qua", "nit nghia. MJt khic, khi nghien ciiu vl xa hpi phuong Ddng, nhit li cdng xi ndng Uidn ngan", nhung y hudng ttr ttrong cua hai dng Nga, hai dng d i dv doin vl khi ning phit ve vin dl nay da khd ro. Trong ldi tva vilt tiien khdng qua giai dojn ttr bin chd nghia, cho lin xuit bin flni nhit bd Tu bdn, CMic bdi 16 cdng x i ndng flidn Nga it nhilu da viet: "Mdt x i hdi, ngay ci khi da phdt hipn t90 dilu kipn thujn Ipi cho cdng cudc xiy dupc quy Iuat tv nhien cua su van dpng ctia dvng xa hdi mdi. Vi vjy, con dudng di Idn nd, ma muc dich cudi ciing cua tic phim chd nghia xi hdi cda nuoc Nga khdng niy la tim ra qui luit vjn dpng kinh tl ciia giong nhu con dudng cua cic nudc ttr ban xa hdi hien dai, cung khdng Uil ndo nhiy phit ttien, md si li mdt con dudng khic, qua cic giai dpan phdt tiiln tu nhien hay trong dd Ipi dvng Unh Unlc sd httu cdng xa dung sic lenh dl xda bd nhftng giai doan dd. Nhung nd cd flil nit ngin vd lim diu. Khoa hpc xahpi Vigt Nam, so 9 (106)-2016 bdt dupe nhimg con dau ii"l2, tt.l99]. Do dd,ttxmghai ttr tren, thi C.Mic nghieng vl tu tudng "nit ngin". Dilu niy dtrpc chiing rmnh them tt^ng tic phim Sdch bdo cua giai ltm vong vdi quan dilm eiia PkAngghen cho ring mrdc Nga v i nhtmg nudc vtra budc vio con dudng tu ban chu nghia cd Uie nit ngin mdt cich ddng ke qud trinh phit tridn ciia minh vdi dieu kipn d Tay Au mdt cupc each mang vd sin thing Ipi di dupc thvc hijn, mdt tam guong ve sv xay dvng thanh cdng chu nghia xi hdi; chi khi nio nen kinh tl tu bin chu nghia di bi ddnh b ^ t^ que huong ctia nd, chi klii nio nhfing nudc ljc hau qua tim guong iy ma bilt dupe ring vijc dd da dupc tiln hinh nhu the nio, nhitag Ivc Iupng san xudt cdng nghijp hipn d^, vdi tu cdch Ii sd htiu cdng cdng, da dupc sft dyng nhu thl nio ii phyc vv toin Uil xa hpi, thi nhftng nudc Igc hju ay mdi cd the budc vio con dudng phit triln nit ngin. Nhu Uil thing lpi cua nhitag nudc iy se dupc bio dim. Dilu dd khdng chi dling vdi nudc Nga, mi vdi tat ci cic nudc dang d ttong giai dojn phit ttien tien hr bin chu nghia. Nhu vjy, ngoii con dudng ljch su - tv nhidn hiin tv qua tit cd cic hhih Ulii kinh tl - x i hpi, C.Mic vi Ph.Anggheii da dv doin vi con dudng phit ttiln nit ngin dli vdi cic nudc tien tir bdn vdi nhftng dieu kipn nhat djnh. Niu C.Mdc vi Ph.Angghen ndu Ien ttr mdng ve con dudng nJt ngin, flii V.I.Lenin cho ring vdi sv giup dd cua giai cip vd sin cic nudc tien tiln, cdc nudc Ijc hju cd flil ticn tdi che dp Xd vilt vi qua nhftng giai dojn phit ttiln nhdt dinh, tien tdi chu nghia cpng sin, khdng phii ttdi qua giai doan phdt trien tu bin chu nghia. Theo V.I.Unm, hoin toin khdng cdn nghi ngd gi nfta ring nhftng hudc qud dp Hr. chu nghta tu bin Ien chd nghik tt&l^ e d ^ cd nhftng hinh thuc kliic nhau, tfty^nj^j^. cho quan hd dai tu bin chilm uu tfil b ^ nin kinh te nhd chilm uu thl. T i i ' ^ V.I.Ldnin dua ra hai hinh thiic qud d^ p|^ dp inrc tilp ddi vdi nhitag nudc tu bin p|^. ttiln; qui dp giin tilp ddi vdi nhfti^ nafic ljc hau, nhitag nuoc tiln tu bin, ttong# cd nudc Nga, bing each thdng qua'eie budc, mit xich trung gian. Qui dp giin tilp, theo V.I.Ltam, 14 tS phttc tap, ldu dai. Tft nim 1921, vdt chinE sdch kinh tl mdi, V.LLdnin chii tmong khdng djp tan cdi co cau kinh tl vi xS ^ i cii, md Ii chin hung bing each c6 g i n g n t vitag mOt each thjn ttpng, titag budc, ho^ bang each nha nudc dilu tilt ttong chiing mvc Iim cho chiing s5 dupc phvc hSi trdl| nham phit triln din muc toi da lvc Iugng san xuat. Chinh chinh sich kinh ti mdi $ ii Uieo hudng ndy. V.I.Lenin cho ring chiing ta khdng ii bd qua hoan todn chu nghia tu bin, mipM ttai qua nhftng buac trung gian, qud d§i ttong dd, chu nghia tu bin nhi nudc Ii oA dudng, cich Uittc, cdng cv, phuong tijn d$ phit tiiln Ivc lupng sin xuit, xay dvngi» sd vjt chit ky thujt cda chii nghia xi hji. Net die Uiil nhit ma nhftng nudc tik IJ bin, nhftng nudc Ijc hju tiln Idn chd nglft xa hpi Ii thieu nhitag cii m i chu nghSi tit bin gin ba Uil ky phit triln da tjo ra ute khoa hpc cdng nghj, mat bing din t*;? flnic phip lujt, each to ehftc quin If nb xuat... Do dd, ttong Idi tua vilt cho qu 1 bd Tu bdn, bin tieng Dirc xuit bin lii nhit, C.Mdc cho ring: ttong tit ci cdc•M U,, vvc khic thi cung gi6ng nhu cic nudc B * * lvc dja Tiy Au, chdng ta (Diic) (bu ». I. «aj. Nguygn Hiuie Hau, Nguyin Cuong ^ -. ?*' :' '' * "*. ^ " ' m t Z ' t h ' ' ^H?"*' " * ° "^ " ^ " - ^ ^ ' ^ ' ™ ^^° « ^ •^"'"8 ting ttr bin chu nooMtSnr'Si''rf"''"'**" nghia; con nhitag cai khdng Uidngui mi cd bM « l l " " ^ - ^ " " ^ - ' " " ^ ''"•'^ " * * ° •^ ''™8 qui ttinh phdt J i n nhftng ^^hl T ' " " " * " " ' " ' " "° '^°."* " ^ * " " ' ' '*>'9'= l ™ chu nghiatt,bin ^ * " ' ^ ' ' ° ™ ' \ ^ ° ™ - ' ! • « - « - t i l n , <fic biet Ii khoa hpc, edng nghe « Chung t^. i' ^,. r i m l ^ l t t / ' T *.'"'"'"«!' san Ii mpt .heu co de dang hon, nhung tilp *c cupc each mjng dd va dua nd din tiling "^ ; ' ' , ™ \ : 7 - ' ' " ^ ' " ^ ' , * " ' * * t t * ' l . c m .. 'vrc Iupng sin xudt, xay dvng nin kinh tl hien dji. Qua dd taflidy,phep bien chung giup chung ta nhan ra tt^g bd qui cdTfi khdng bd qua, cd cii phii tidp Ui'klftftl^. '••> I i L " r . l t n h « r ' ^ ' ° " " " « ^ c . phii Phi.tiilnrdt ngli; chft khdn^ * A .. • "'='» I'M loan bp, khdngfliephu djnh sach lj, O Vipt Nam, Hd Chi Minh cho ring vdi T™ nhftng tiln bp cua nhin loji di djt j. nhttag Iy do Ijch su cho phep chu nghia 4i?c dudi chu nghiattrban. cpng sin xim nhjp vio Chiu A dl dang 4. Kit lujn hon Chau Au. Xim nhjp de dang hon T ,. • > , ^ nhung xay dvngflianhcdng lai khd kha,; „ ^ " "^""^ 'J •*^.f""^ "^^ • * " " hon. Dd la net die thu nhit dli vdi nhftng nude ttii qua buoc qud dp giin tilp „hn. hlHiaTIT/' T i , " " " ' " " ^ "^' S- ! •';"r *"« "^ ' " ^ ' ^ ••* '^^. ViJtNamviNga.Tr:ngcd'e VinkiTnM hpi Ding gin ddy di ehi ra nhan thic vl i chu nghia xa hpi vi con dudng di len chd nghia xa hdi ngiy cing sing td hon. D ,. nhien, di len chd nghia xa hdi vi xiv . dvng fliinh edng chd'nghia xi h^i ll 2 ,. dl khdc nhau, mac du chung lien he mft ji thi^t vdi nhau ' " " 8 Len he mjt ., TU ,.' ^. • Thvc chat bd qua chd dd ttr bin chft t: n j i a d Vipt Nam l i bd qua "giin tilp", Ii j bd qua Vljc xic IJp vj til fliing tii cua , quan hp sin xuat va kiln ttuc fliupng ting ,1 ttr ban chu nghia, nhung tidp Uiu, kd fliua nhftng fliinh tvu m i nhin loji da djt dupc dudi chl dptilbin chu nghia, djc bijt Ii khoa hpc v i cdng nghj, dl phdt tiiln nhanh I lire lupng sin xuit, xiy dvng nen kinh te. ^JctiTn C u ' ' ' " b ! ' ' : * • , * ' '^^ Z l ™™. ^ " " • . " ' ' ^ "'"c Ii mdt qud T. ,h r. ' ^ "" ' ' * '^- '*^' ^"'' T o na°da T' " " ^ "^ * ' ^ ' ' T 1 ^ ^ " " ""^ ' ' ' '^" * « Tj^y''^'"' ""Z " " " ' ' ' «'^ T- . i ^° ""^ * = ** *" *•*" * " nghia, nhmig ke fliua nhung Uianh tvu m i ™ ' ° ^ ''^ "*• '•"''c dudi chl dd hr bin chft nghia. Day l i sv dinh hudng' cd Hnh chiln lupe cho cich mang Vipt Nam hidn nay va tiong Uidi gian tdi Tai liju tham khao. ". ' ' ' ' = " * " ' * Ph.Angghen (1993), M n ,jp, t.i9, '*"'' ' ^ ' " ' "^''''" «'^ ™ '^«'P ' ^"^^ >•* Ph-Angghen (2005). Tiryin tgp, 1,3, N * Chlnhttjquoc gia, H4 Nji.. h i ^ d a i " [ 3 , tt 8 4 ] . N h u v j y , bd qua c h l dp. [3] D » g Cpng sa„ Vijt N ™ (2001) VHn kiin. ttrbin chu nghia d Vipt Nam chi l i bd qua vipc xic ljp V,ttlfliongttjcfta quan he sia. « . / hgi ,gi hii. to,n ,u6c tin th, u< Z Chinhttjquic gia, H4 NOi..