Y HOC VlgT NAM THANG 7 - SO 1/2014
M O T SO YEU TO LIEN QUAN DEN CAN THI HOC DU'DNG 6* HOC SINH TAI CAC TRU'O'NG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG
THANH PHO BAC GIANG, TJNH BAC GIANG
Tran Birc Dung*, Mai Quoc Tung**, Tran The Hoang*
TOIVl TAT
D|it van de: Can thj la mot loai tat khuc xa ciia mat, pho bien d Ida tuoi hoc sinh va do nhieu yeu to nguy cd gay nen. Htfn mot niia hoc sinh tai mot so tniUng THPT thanh pho Bac Giang bj can thj.
Myc tieu: Xac dinh mpt so yeu t f lieii quan den can thj hpc dudng cf hpc sinh tai mot so tru'dng THPT thanh pho B k Giang, tlnh Bac Giang
0 6 i tu'dng vS phu'dng phap nghien ciili:
Nghien ciJtJ mo ta c3t ngang tai tru'dng THPT Ngo Sy Lien va^tru'dng THPT Chuyen Bac Giang nSm 2010.
Ket qua: Tf le can thi cf nhom hoc sinh co thcfi gian hpc tru'dng >7 gid/ngay (57,4%) cao hcfn nhom hpc sinh_ thdi gian hoc <7 gid/ngay (44,9%); ti I? can thj d nhom hpc sinh co tu" the ngoi hpc, doc sach dSu Clii thap < 30 cm la 82,8% cao hOn nhom hoc sinh co tu'the ngoi hgc, dpc sach khong ciJi dau thap'(18,9%);
ti le can thj d nhom hpc sinh chcft dien tCr > 2 gid/ngay (56,7%) cao hcJn nhom hpc sinh chdi dien tu" < 2 gid/ngay (45,6%); su* khac biet co y nghTa thong ke vdi p < 0,05. Tap luyen the due the thao va giup dd cong viec gia dinh > 2 gid/ngay la cac yeu to bao ve lam giam nguy ccf bi can thj. Nghien ciitJ cua chung toi chua chiihg minh duUc cac yeu to: hpc them; xem TV+dpc tmyen > 2 gid/ngay; he so chieu sang Idp hpc
£ 0,2; goc hpc tap tai nha, giCta thdi quen nam dpc sach va siy dyng toai loat bdng den tiet kiem dien + den neon cd lien quan tdi can thj.
Ket lu$n: Thdi gian hoc d tru&ng; tu" the ngoi hpc; thdi gian chdi dien tu"; thdi gian giup dS dd cong vi?c gia dinh va chdi the thao la cac yeu t5 lien quan tdi can thj.
S U M M A R Y
RISK FACTORS OF SCHOOL MYOPIA I N STUDENTS AT SOME H I G H SCHOOLS I N BAC G I A N G CITY, BAC GIANG PROVINCE
Background: Myopia is a refractive error of the eye that are commonly in school children and it has many risk factors. More than half of the students in some high school in Bac Giang city got myopia.
* Sci Yte BSC Giang
**B?nh vi?n Ua khoa Trung l/ang
*** Tiv&ng Dai hoc YDWOc Thai Nguyen Phan bign khoa hgc: PGS.TS Du'dng Hong Thai
Objective: To identify theo risk factors are related to myopia in students at some high school in Bac Giang city, Bac Giang province.
Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descnptive study was conducted in Ngo Sy Uen high school and Bac Giang high school for the gifted in 2010.
Results: The prevalence of myopia in students have learning time >7 hours per day (57.4%) was higher than students have learning time < 7 hours per day (44.9%); the prevalence of myopia in students have low bowed head reading <30 cm was 82.8%, higher than students have not low bowed head reading (18.9%); the prevalence of myopia in students playing computer game time more than 2 hours per day (56.7%) was higher than students playing computer game time less than 2 hours per day (45.6%); the differences were statistically significant with p<0.05.
Playing sport and doing household chores'time over 2 hours perday are protective fectors to reduce the risk of myopia. Our study can not demonstrate other risk fectors, including: extra study, watching television and reading stories/books over 2 hours perday, coefficient of classroom lightning >0.2, lye reading habit, home learning place, lightning at home with energy saving light bulbs are associated to myopia.
Conclusions: Learning time, learning posture, playing computer game time, doing household chores time and playing sport are related to myopia.
I. D^T V A N OE
Can thj la mot loai tat khiic xa cua mat, pho bien 6 l i i ^ tuoi hpc sinh [ 4 ] . Can "thj la hau qua cua viec nhin 6 khoang each gan nhu" dpc sach hay hpc tap keo dai [6] hay do cac yeu to nguy ccJ khac nhu" yeu to gia dinh [9] hay m6i tru'dng hpc tap... Ti le can thj cua hoc sinh THPT tai thanh pho Bac Giang (2010) chiem 53,3% [ 1 ] ; cao hcJn ket qua cua mot so nghien ciJU khac tai thanh pho Ho Chf Minh va Thai Nguyen [ 2 ] , [ 5 ] . Van de dat ra la yeu to nao lien quan den ti le can thj d hoc sinh THPT thanh pho Bac Giang de tu' do de ra cac giai phap phong chong can thi hoc du'dng. Do do chung toi tien hanh nghien ciiu nay nham muc tieu: "Xac dinh mgt so yeu to lien quan den can thi hpc du'dng ci hpc sinh tal mpt so tru'dng THPT thanh pho Bic Giang, tinh Bac Giang"
Y HOC VlgT NAI^ THANG 7 . SO ^IZU^^
II. B 6 | TUONG VA PHl/ffNG PHAP NGHIEN CUU
• Doi tiTdng nghien cii'u: Hpc sinh THPT va chi tieu dieu kien ve sinh tru'cing hoc. _
• eia diem va thfli gian ngiiien ciTu: T?i 2 trlfflng THPT Ngo Sy Lien va THPT Chuyen thanh pho Bac Giang, tinh Bac Giang tu- thang 10/2009 (Jen thang 9/2010.
_y2 P±
" - ^]-al2' ,2
» Tliiet i<e ngliien cuti; Nghien cu'u mo ta
cat ngang. . . .
• CS mau; c8 mau tinh theo cong thu'c cho nghien cu'u mo ta _ ,
Chon p = 0,35 (Nghien ciJu Tran Hal Yen va cong sir (2010) tai Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh, ti le cin thld hoc sinh Iclp 10 la 35,4% [5]), chpn d = 0^035;' lay them 10% ie giam sai so 6itiSc c8 mau 785, thu'c te kham du'pc 768 hpc sinh.
• Chpn mau; Chpn trtrcfng nghien cu'u theo phu'dng phap chon co chu dfch; chpn hpc sinh cho mau nghien ciJu: siJ dung phu'dng phap chpn mau ngau nhien he thong.
• Chi so nghien cu'u; (I) Cac thong tin: Idp hoc, tru'dng hoc cua hpc sinh, ti le can thj (ii) Cac III. KET QUA VA BAN LUAN
Bing i . Tcnq so hoc sinh kham theo cac tru'dng
chi so ve yeu to nguy cd gay can thi: thdi giai hoc is tru'dng/ngay; tu' the ngoi hpc va dpc sach;
di hpc them; thdi gian chdi dieii titlnqay; thcfl gian xem tivl va dpc truyen/ngay; hoat dpng th^
due the thao ngoai trdi; he so chieu s^ng ldp hpc; goc hpc tap iS nha; hoat dpng giup dd CDng viec gia dinh; thoi quen nam doc sach; Ioal bong den dung de hpc iS nt\a
* Cac tieu diuan su* dung trong nghien ahi Thdi gian hpc/ngay: Phan thep moc 7 gid vi so gid hpc trung binh cua hpc sinh is 2 tru'dng la 7 gid (phan chia theo moc trung binh). Tu' the khi npoi hpc, dpc sach: Khoang each tir mat tS vd de tren mit ban khong du'di 30 cm. Chdi dijj til nhieu, xem ti vi, dpc truyen, giup dd cong vi^
gla dinh: Lay moc 02 gid theo each phan chia cua tac gia Vu Quang Dung [2].
* Phu'dng phap thu th$p th6ng tin:
Kham lam sang xac djnh can thj ket hdp vdl phong van tnic tiep hpc sinh; khao sat thdi gian hpc chinh khda d tru'drig va hpc them ghi ket qua vap phieu dieu tra can thj.
* Xu' iy i<e't qiia; So Iliu dudc nhap bSng phan mem Epidata 3.1 va xii ty bSng phan mlm SPSS 16.0 theo cac thuat toan thong ke y hoc,
^^trUdng 10 11 12 Tong
THPT Ngo Sy LiSn n
115 129 MO 384
15,0
%
16,8 18,2 50,0
THPT ChuySn n
129 119 136 384
16,8
%
15,5 17,7 50,0
Tong n 244 248 276 768
31,8
%
32,3 35,9 100 Nhin xit: So lu'dng hpc sinh du'dc kham d 02 tru'dng la tu'dng du'dng nhau, ti le hpc sinh Idp 12 tham gia nghien cirli chlem cap nhSt (35,9%).
Biiu do 1. Lien quan glita thdi glan hpc d tru'dng vdl can thj (n=768; p < 0,01)
• Can thj » Kh6ng can thj
Nh$n xit: Ti le can thj d nhdm hpc sinh cd thdi gian hoc d tru'dng > 7 gid/ngay (57,t%) cao hdn nhom hpc sinh thdi gian hoc <7 gid/ngay (44,9%), cd y'nghia thong k§ vdl p < 0,01. Ket qua nJy cung phil hdp vdi ket qua nghien ciru ciia tac gia Vu Quang Dung tai Thai Nguyen 2009 [2].
V HOC VIET NAM THANG 7-301/2014
_,"~—-—~__ Tinh trang
Yguto L : ; ; ^ ^ ^ru' the nqoi hoc, doc sach
Co CUI dau thap < 30cm Khonq cui dau thap
Tong Hoc thim
Cd hoc them Khonq hoc them
Tonq
Tfing
321 190 511 630 138 768
rhS rin hnr fhpm nonai tru'dnq vdi can thj Can thi
n 1 »/o 266
36 302 366 74 410
82,8 18,9 59,1 53,3 53,6 53,4
Khong can thi
n »/o P
55 154 209 294 64 358
17,2 81,1 40,9 46,7 46,4 46,6
<0,01
>0,05
Nh$n xit: Ti le can thj d nhdm hoc sinh cd til the ngoi hoc, doc sach dau cui thap < 30 cm la 82,8%
la nhdm hpc sinh cd tu" the ngpi hoc, doc sach khdng ciii iJau thap ti le can thi la 18,9%, of khac biet
:d y nghla thong ke vdi p < 0,01.'Ti le' can thi d nhdm hoc sinh cd hoc theni va khdng hpc them la tu'dng du'dng nhau (53,3% va 53,6%; theo thiT tiO.
Bing 3. Uen quan qliiS thdi qian chdi dien tiJ; thdi qiar
• Tinh trang
Yeu to - ^ _ 1 _ Tong
xem tivi va doc Can thi n 1 %
truyen vdi can th Khong can thi
n 1 % P Thdi glan chdi diin tit
Chdi dien tir > 2 gid/nqay Chdi dien tir < 2 gid/nqay
TSng
141 263 404
80 120 200
56,7 45,6 49,5
61 143 204
43,3 54,4 50,5
<0,05
Thdi gian xem tivi -f doc truyen Xem TV+doc truyen > 2 gid/ngay Xem TV+doc truyen < 2 gid/ngay
TSng
432 336 768
221 189 410
51,2 56,2 53,4
211 147 358
48,8 43,8 46,6
>0,05
Nh$n xit; Nhdm hoc sinh chdi dien tiT > 2 gid/ngay cd ti le can thi (56,7%) cao hdn nhdm hpc sinh :hdi dien tir < 2 gid/ngay (45,6%), su' khac biet cd y nghTa thpng ke vdl p < 0,05. Khdng cd mSi lien luan giiis thdi gian xem tivi + dpc truyen vdi can thi (p >0,05). Ket qua nghien ciJu ciia chiing tci :ung tu'dng du'dng vdi ket qua nghien cii\i cua tac gia Hoang Van Linh khi chuTig minh thdi gian chdi liin tired lien quan den can thj [3].
Biiu as2. Uen quan gliiS ho?t dpng the due the thao ngoai trdi vdi can thj (n = 768; p < 0,01)
Khang chffiTDTT(n=299)
C6chO'iTDTr(n=469)
ki^.5? . J L
• Can thj « Khong can thi
Nhin xit: Ti le can thj d nhdm hpc sinh khdng chdi the due the thao la 61,9%; cao hdn nhdm hpc
linh chdi the dtie the thao (48,0%), sir khac biet ed y nghla thong ke (p < 0,01). Nghien cii'u ciia t^e
Ila Rose K. A. va cpng sir cung chp thay nhdm tre cd thdl gian hoat dpng ngoai trdi nhieu thi ti le can
hap hdn .
Bing 4. Moi lien ouan qiifa he so chieu sang va eo gdc hpc tap d nha vdi can thi r~—L-^ - r : _ u *->-»*#il I f a n t h i I f h n n n ran f - h i
Nhan xet:T\ le can thi cf nhom hpc sinh iioc 6 nhiJng Idp hpc co he so anh sang tu" nhien < 0,2 va nhom hpc sinh'khSng co goc hpc tap d nha cao hdn nhu'ng nhom con Iai, tuy nhien su* khac biet khong co y nghTa thong ke vdi p > 0,05.
Bangs. Uen quan piiJa th6i gian giup dd cong viec gia dinh; thoi quen nam dpc truyen, doc sach; loai bong den dung de hpc 6 nha vdi can thj _^ ^__
I " T l n h frrann I ., I Ckn f h i I K l Tinh trang
Thdi gian Tong Can thi
n •
%
Khong
n
can thi
% P
Giup dd conq viec GD Giiip dS < 2 qid/nqay Giiip dd > 2 qid/nqay
453 315
260 150
57,4 47,6
193 165
42,6 52,4 <0,05 Thdi quen nam doc t r u y e n , dpc sach
Cd thdi quen nam doc Khonq cd thdi quen nam doe
478 290
267 143
55,9 49,3
211 147
44,1 50,7 >0,05 Loai bong den dung de hoc d nha
Den tiet kiem dien + Den neon Oen dav tdc + Oen chdng can
Tong
132 636 768
64
346 41048,5 54,4 5 3 , 4
68
290 35851,5 45,6
46,6
>0,05
Nh$nxet:T\ le can thj d nhom hpc sinh giup d d cong viec gia dinh > 2 gid/ngay thap hdn nhdm hpc sinh giiip dd cong viec gia dinh < 2 gicl/ngay, co y nghla thong ke (p < 0,05). Ttidi gian tham gia cac hoat dpng ngoai trdi nhu* the due the thao hay giup dd gia dinh du'dc nhieu tac gia noi den nhiT mot yeu to bao v l lam giam nguy cd bj can thj [7]. Nghien cu'u ciia chung toi chu^ chiitig minh du'dc moi lien quan giUa thoi quen nam dpc sach va loai loai bong den tiet kiem dien + den neon vdi can thj.
IV. KET LUAN
Thdi gian hpc d tru'dng > 7 gid; tu" the ngoi hpc, dpc sach dau cui thap < 30 cm; thdi gian chdi dien tir > 2 gid/ngay co lien quan vdi can thi {p < 0,05). Cac hoat dpng giup dd dd cong viec gia dinh < 2 gid/ngay; chdi the thao la cac y€u to bao ve lam giam nguy cd can thi, vdi mii'c y nghia p < 0,05.
TAI LlJU T H A M KHAO
1. Tran OuTc DQng, Mai Quoc Tung, Tran The Hoang (2013), Can thi hoc dWdng va dieu kien ve
sinh trWdng hgc d mot so tru'dng THPT thanh phS BSC Giang, tinh Bac Giang (Oang xuat bcin).
2. Vu Quang Dung (2008), Nghien cuU thut trans^
tat khuc xa, yeu to nguy ccf, hieu qua aia mdt so gial phap phdng chong tat khOc xa i^QC dUdng fii tinh Thai Nguyen. Bao cao tong ket de tai cap bi Tru'dng Oai hoc Y Du'dc Thai Nguyen.
3. Hoang Van Linh (2009), Nghien cuti thi/c^n^
tat khuc xa va mot so yeu to nguy cdd hgc M pho thong tinh BSc Kan, Bao cao tong ket de tai cap tinh.
4. Bo mon Mat - Tru'dng B^i hoc Y Du'^c Thai Nguyen (2009), Bai giang Mkir\i(Jng Dal hpcY Du'dc Thai Nguyen.
5. Tran Hai Yen, I r a n Thi Phu'dng Thu, vii ^ng su" (2009), Ket qua khao sat khuc xa dhgcaiii dau cSp tai thanh phd Ho Chi Minh, Tap chi nl^n khoa Viet Nam.
6. S. M. Saw, W. H. Chua, H. M. Wu, E. Yap, K.
S. Chia, R. A. Stone (2000), Myopia: gent environment Interaction, Ama\s of the PiCsdmi^
Medicine, Singapore, 29(3): pp. 290-7.
7. McBrien N. A, Morgan Z. G, Mutti D. 0 (2009}i iiVhat's hot in myopia research-Jhe 1^
International M^pla Conference, Australia, Ml 2008, Optometry and Vision Science 86(1); pp. 2-3.
