DI TICH NUI VA DEN DONG CO (THANH HOA) NHAN THLfC TlT CUOC KHAI QUAT NAM 2007
B U I V A N L I E M * , N G U Y E N N G O C Q U Y "
1. V i tri dia ly, c a n h q u a n di tich
Di Hch Niii va Den Ddng Cd nam d phia h i e Tlidn 1, Lang van hda Dan Ne, ben bd phai sdng Ma, xa Yen Tho, h u y e n Ydn Dinli, tinh Thanli Hoa, cd toa do 20"02'730" vl bac va 105"35'089" kinh d d n g . Khu vuc den Ddng Cd phan bd Hong mdt ldng chao thudc p h a m vi 3 Hai mii da - dUdc gpi la mii Tam Thai''' hay cdn gpi la mii Ddng Cd (Anh 1; Ban ve 1, 2). Ddn thd than nui, vat bieu trUng la chiee trdng d d n g Ddng Sdn d u d e dat d gian giira dien thd.
Dd n h i i n g bie'n thien, thang H i m ciia Hch su, dae biet la sue n a n g thdi gian va ehie'n Hanh, toan bd di Hch da bi p h a hiiy. De'n n a m 1998, ehinh quyen va nhan dan dia p h u d n g da xay mdi lai ngdi ddn iihu hien ed, lam ndi p h u n g tlid hUdng klidi.
Lien q u a n ddii di tieh nui va den Ddng Cd edn cd eae eh Hch khac:
- Quan Trieu Tliien dupe dung b o n g mot being eta hep nam ben dinh eao nhat ctia niii Xuan, ed toa do 20"02'829 v i b a e va 105"35'042 kmh ddng. Hang ed ciia nhin ra sdng Ma, sau 7ni - 8ni, rdng 3m - 4m, eao 3ni - 5ni; Hong quan hien ed dat bat hUdng thd thdn nui va than sdng.
TrUde ciia hang la mdt cdng gaeh dude xay dung vao thdi Nguydn, cao 2,9m; rdng 2m; ldng ctia rdng 0,9m; sau 1,87m; cao 1,9m, xay bang gaeh bia dd, phia ngoai Hat vtla vdi (Anh 2).
- Ndn chiia Tlianh N g u y d n cd toa do 20"02'826 vi bac va 105"35'054 kuih ddng, nam phia bSc nui Xuan, d ben d u d i va each quan Trieu Thien klioang lOni chidu eao, ddn bi pha tu lau, hien la mot nen da't kha bang p h a n g nhin ra sdng, ria ngoai ke da t y nhidn, phia trong dat mdt ban thd Id thien (Anii 4).
- Bia da tac Hen vach d d n g n a m nui Xuan, mat bia h u d n g ve phia ddn qua hd Ban nguyet. Tren vach nui khae hai van ban: mot bia chir Han lap vao thang 11 nien hieu Tliinh Due tini 4 (1656); m o t bia khae ehii Phap xen lan chu Han d p h a n cud'i lap thang 9 nien hieu Thanh Thiii t h u 12 (1899). Noi d u n g van bia ea ngdi canh d e p d nui va ddn Ddng Cd (Anli 3).
- Bdn T r u d n g C h a u nSni d phia ddng nam nui Nghd, ben bd sdng Ma. Tudng huydn day la ben thuydn, la ndi d i m g chan Hude khi bude vao den.
TS. Vien Khao ed hoc 'CN. Vien Khaoed hoc
62 Khdo CO hoc, sd 1/2011
- Hd Ban n g u y e t n a m d trUdc ciia ddn Ddng Cd.
- N g h i m d n n a m phia tay n a m k h u Hung tam, d k h o a n g giiia n u i D d n g va niii Xuan, h u d n g ra phia tay. C d n g d u d c xay gaeh va d a khdi h i n h chii nhat, t h e o kieu v d m cud'n td vd, tren v d m cud'n cd gae c h u d n g . C d n g r d n g 3m, cao 4m va d a y l,2ni. N g h i m d n ciing d u d c xay d i m g vao thdi N g u y d n n h u q u a n Tridu Thien (Anh 5).
- Cac dia d a n h h a n g Trung Van (hay h a n g Tdng Quan) va d d n g Ich Minh (cdn goi la Hang Noi hay h a n g Q u a n Gidi), deu la h a n g dpng t u nhidn d u d c tad thanh Hdng ldng niii da vdi.
2. D i tich m i i va d e n D d n g Co q u a cac n g u d n t u lieu
N u i va den D d n g Cd elude nhae ddn Hong nhidu tU lieu t h u tich, tir cac bo chinh sti nhU: Dai Viet sw ky toan thw, Lich tiieu hien chworig loai chi Kham dinh Viet sW thdng giam cwdng muc, Dai Nam thwc liic, Viet sw tieu an, Viet dien u linh... Su kien d u d c ghi chep trong cae bd sti tren kha thd'ng n h a t rang: "Niii Ddng Cd vd'n d T h a n h Hoa, tuc goi la mii Kha Phong. Ddi Ly cac v u a cho r a n g thdn niii Ddng Cd da cd cdng giiip Thai Tdng d a n h thang Chiem Thanh, sau lai tbac m o n g bao cho bid't a m mUu iam p h a n ciia ba vUdng Vii Diic, Ddng Chinh, Drfc Thanh, n e n da d u n g d e n thd Hong Dai Noi, ben hiiu chiia T h a n h Tho. H a n g n a m cac q u a n phai de'n the d ddn de td long t r u n g thanh vdi n h a v u a . N h a T r a n cirng theo le a'y"'-'.
Ben canh n h i i n g ghi chep trong cac bo t h d n g su cho biet Ddn D d n g Cd va Hoi the Ddng Cd d T h a n g Ldng vSn He'p tuc d u d c d u y tri cho de'n he't thdi Trdn, cac sU kien cd lien q u a n ddn n u i va ddn D d n g Cd d T h a n h H d a v a n dUdc n h i i n g trieu d a i sau n a y coi la nhirng su kien ldn. Nliu v a o n a m H o a n g Dinh thii 19 thdi Le (Mau N g o 1618), t h a n g 4, "niii Ddng Cd d xa Dan Ne T h u d n g , h u y e n Yen Dinh bi Id. Sai q u a n de'n cao le" {Dai Viet sir ky todn thif 1983).
Cd tlid thay dia d a n h nui Ddng Cd d u d e ghi chep tir rat sdm'"*' va ngdi ddn Ddng Cd ciing d u d c nhae ddn kha p h d bieh tir d a u thdi Ly trdng cac t u lieu t h u Hch. Tuy nhien, nhung ghi chep dd k h d n g c u n g ca'p t h d n g tin gi vd thdi d i e m xay d u n g h a y q u y m d kie'n triic va sir bie'n ddi ciia ngdi ddn Hong lich su.
Ben canh cac n g u d n t u lieu t h u tich, cdn cd t a p c h u y e n k h a o Tam thai son linh tich ciia Lam Kidu N g u y d n Dat Sang sd'ng d lang Dan N e T h u d n g v a o the' ky XVIII - XEX. Trong chuyen khao, ngoai viec t a p h d p nhirng s u kien ghi chep vd di Hch t r o n g chinh sii, cac Huyen thuyet ciia dan lang, d n g cdn ghi chep lai nhiing d d t tu siia va xdy d u n g ldn n h d khac nhau d u d i thdi chua Trinh va n h a Tay Sdn. Cd the ghi n h a n n h i i n g ghi c h e p t r o n g Tam Thai sdn linh tich la n g u d n ttr lieu t h a m k h a o q u a n t r o n g khi ngbidn ciiu vd dien m a o , q u y m d va sti"
p h a n b d ciia eac kieh t n i c ciia k h u di Hch niii va ddn D d n g Cd t r o n g lich sii.
Lidn q u a n d e h di Hch ddn D d n g Cd a T h a n h Hoa cdn cd m o t so bai n g h i e n ciixi ve trdng d d n g hay ghi chep vd chie'c Hdng d d n g d u d c thd Hong ddn cua m o t s6' n h a ngbidn eiiu hien dai Hong va ngoai n u d e nhU: Than tiong d Dan Ne cua V.Goloube-vv in t r o n g T a p chi ciia t r u d n g Vidn D d n g bac cd (Ha Ndi, 1933, tr.345); hay Mdt bai van ddi Tay Sdn ndi ve tid'ng ddng, khic tien bie'n gd, tai mieu thd thin niii Ddng Cd (Thanh Hda) ciia Trdn Van Giap va N g u y d n D u y H i n h d Khao co hoc, so 5-6, thang 6/1970.
K h u v u c niii va ddn D d n g Cd cdn la ndi p h a n bd ciia di chi kliao cd hoc Dan Ne ThUdng, cd nien dai Ddng va Sat s d m . Di chi d u d c cac can bd Vien K h a o cd hoc dieu tra vao
BCii Van Liem, N g u y i n N g o e Quy - Di tich nui va c3en Dong Co... 63
thang 12/1974. Dien p h a n b d di Hch chii yeu d khu rudng eao phia bac nui Ddng Cd, ngoai ra hien vat khao cd ciing tha'y xuat hien lac dac Hen eac sudn mii. Hien vat thu dUde 1 riu da, 1 hat ehudi, 2 chan chae gd'm va nhidu m a n h gd'm thd. Nhirng m a n h gd'm thu dUdc cd nhieu yeu td hoa van eiia giai d o a n Ddng Dau, ben canh dd lai thay mdt sd m a n h cd d a n g mieng, chat heu va m a u sdc gidng gd'm D u d n g Cd (Trinh Sinh, Ha Van Phimg 1975).
3. Ket q u a k h a i q u a t di tich mii va d e n D d n g Co n a m 2007
De Hm lai d a u tich ciia mii va den Ddng Cd xUa, n h d m xac dinh rd hdn vi the, quy md va kidn Hiic ciia ngdi ddn Ddng Co Hong lich sii, Sd Van hda. The thae va Du hch Thanh Hda da phdi hcfp vdi Vien Khao cd hoc khai quat di H'ch Hong thdi gian thang 4 - 5/2007. Ddt khai quat khdng nhihig da lam xua't Id nhiing ve't Hch kid'n Hiic giai d o a n lich sii ma cdn lam xuat Id mot ldp van hda giai d o a n tien sd sii ndm d ldp dudi di tich.
3.1. Dien bie'n dia tang
Tam hd' khai quat vdi tdng dien Hch 138.5m-, da dUdc m d d xung quanli ngdi den hien tai. Mot h d (H2) d sau den sat vach nui; 3 h d (HI, H7, H8) m d doc phia bdn phai va 4 h d (H3, H4, H5, H6) doe phia ben ti-ai etdn. Dia tang eae hd dao. Hi trdn xud'ng eiudi xua't Id tlieo trinh tu kha thd'ng n h a t mac d u didn bidn eae ldp da't va eac ldp van hda elay mdng khae nhau. Til dien bien dia tang, ed thd ghi nhan hai giai doan van hda kha rd rang:
- Ldp van hda giai d o a n lich su la mdt Idp dat ken day dac ngdi vun, vdi viia va it manh sanh sii, dinh sat, xudiig d d n g vat..., ndm dde nhe theo dd ddc nghieng ciia sudn nui Hi tay sang d d n g , chd day n h a t d khu vuc Hung tam den va giap chan mii, rdi mdng ddn ra phia ngoai. Nhiing vet H'ch kidn Hiic xua't Id Hong eac hd khai quat ndm ben dudi ldp ctd, d dd sau tif -20cm deh -140cm thed edt ehuan'^'. Chu yeu la vdt Hch kien Hue thdi hau Le, ben canli dd la mdt sd vet Hch kidn Hiie thdi Nguyen. Mat bdng phan b d kidn Hiic cd su phan chia cao dp kha rd rang, dac biet la dd'i vdi cac vet h'ch nam cf cimg mdt giai doan lich su. Kidn tnic chinh .d vi Hi eao nha't va cac kie'n Hiic p h u Hd nam theo cae bae tlia'p ddn. Dien bie'n dia tdng d eae hd H7 va H8 edn ghi nlian ed mdt ldp da't eia't dap tdn nen kie'n Hiie bang set vang kha thuan nhat, eiay 50em iiflni ben h e n dau tieh kidn true thdi Le. Nd eho tha'y, eho deh thdi Nguydn, ngdi den Ddng Co vdn elude ehii Hong nid rdng quy md kid'n Hiic.
- Ldp van hoa tidn sd sti ndm bdn dudi nhiing vet h'ch kie'n Hiie giai doan lich sU, xua't Id d hdu hdt eae hd' dao''', nliimg rd net nlia't la d h d H4 va H6. Ldp van hda Hdn sd sti d hd' H4 day 90cni, bdt ddu tir dd sau -190cni tlieo edt chudn, da't phii sa eat min, tdi xdp, mem, da't mau nau den kha tliudn nlia't tir Hen xudng dudi. Hong phat Id cac di Hch md tang va di vat da, gd'm m a n g dae Hmig eiia van hda Ddng Sdn (Bin ve 4). Trong cac h d dao cdn lai Idp van boa mdng khdng rd ret, di vat Hm tha'y la mot vai manh gd'm v u n ndm sat sinh thd. Nhin chung, Hai ngUdc vdi sir p h a n bd' cac vdt H'ch kien Hue giai doan lich sti, Idp van hda tien sd sii phan bd mdng d k h u virc chan mii nlimig day hdn khi Hen ra phia ngoai.
Sinh thd la ldp set v a n g p h a ldn nhiing hat san ddu rudi m a u xam den.
3.2. Di tich
3.2.1. Di tich giai doan lich sw a. V&'t tich kieh tiue tiidi Hau Le:
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64 Khdoco hoc, so 1/2011 Nam d vi tri trung tam di Hch la vd't Hch ndn cu ciia Chinh ta'm (Thudng dien), trong hd H2. Kie'n Hue xua't lo cf do sau -20em theo cd't chudn, mat bdng kie'n tnic vudng viic nam ep sat vao bdc mii, ciia md vd hudng tay va hdi lech ve phia bac so vdi ngdi den hien tai. Kich thudc 290cm x 250cm, 4 gde dat 4 tang da chan cot, ndn dudc rai mot Idp da hoe kha day, bao quanh ndn la nhiing thanh da hinh khdi ehii nhat. Phia nam ndn dat mdt dudng cdng thoat nude eau tao dcfti gian, xdp bang gaeh vd, cd tae elung ngan va thoat nUdc tir trdn nui xudng khdng eho chay vao Chinh tam (Bin ve 3). Bdn Hen kie'n triic nay cd da'u ve't eiia mot kie'n Hiic Chinh ta'm khac dude xay dung thed kidu trinh tudng tir chat lieu vdi cat. Qua dac trUng ciia nlidm vat lieu xay dung, dac biet la nhung tang da chan cot va gaeh vd, cd the nhan dinh kidn tnic Chinh tam dudc xay dung theo elang khung gd cd nien dai thdi Hau Le va ben Hen nd la vet h'ch ciia mot Chinh tam dudc xay dung vao thdi Nguyen.
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T r o n g hd H 5 xuat Id mdt p h a n cdn lai eiia ndn m d n g va thdm phia n a m etia mdt kidn tnic, ndm d dd sau 30em sd vdi m a t dat va -140cm theo cd't c h u ^ . Kidn Hiic bi xam hai nang, chi cdn sdt lai m o t sd vien gaeh lat ndn cf ddi chd. Phdn m d n g t u d n g d u d c ke da tang, Heng chen viia vdi va gaeh ngdi v u n nen chat, rdng 50cm - 60cm. Thdm ngoai d u d c lat gaeh vd do, da hi pha nat de lay gaeh, d o a n edn lai xua't Id Hong h d dao cd chieu dai cdn lai 180em, rdng 60em. Ky thuat ke d d n gian vdi m o t h a n g gaeh xe'p d u n g diing bd ben ngoai, bdn trong la mot hang gaeh xdp doe lien tidp (Anh 7). Q u a vi bri kie'n Hiie, vat lieu va ky thuat xay d u n g , cd tlid nhan dinh kie'n triie ed eiuig nien dai vdi Chinh tdm va la mdt phdn h d p thanh ctia tdng the kie'n Hiie ddn Ddng Cd d thdi H a u Ld.
Tai hd H3 xuat Id mdt bai ngdi sap thee ldp va mot hang gaeh vd, n a m bdn dudi Idp sap dd ldn xdn cd ehiia nhiing hien vat thudc giai doan cud'i thdi Ld, xua't Id d do sau -90cm theo cd't chuan. Ldp ngdi nam ddc thoai tlieo dia buih, bat dau tif sat chan mii He'n ra de'n giiia hd, loai ngdi miii hai m a u dd, dien Hch xua't Id khoang 6m- va cdn Hep tuc an vao cac vach. Kha nang day la vet Hch cua mot bd mai ngdi thdi Le muon, hi sap xud'ng.
Trong h d H I va ldp d u d i h d H 7 xuat Id la mdt d u d n g ke da bdc d hai bdn, giiia d u d e ddm chat bdng da't thit m a u xam nhat, lan mdt sd manh gd'm tidn sti. Kie'n true cd m a t b a n g hdi ddc thoai, chd rdng nha't khoang 170cm, n a m Hong do sau xua't Id ldp van hoa thdi H a u Le. Chiic nang ed tlid la hfdng bao ngoai kidn Hiie hoac d u d n g di (Anli 6).
b. Ve't ti'ch kie'n titic tiidi Nguyen:
Trong cae h d H6, H 7 va H8 ed mdt ldp dat ddp tdn ndn kidn Hiie bang set vang. Ben Hen Idp dat d d p la vet Hch ciia mot ndn mdng kidn Hiie d u d e dai viia vdi va lat gaeh bdn Hen nhung gaeh da hi rd hdt. Phia ngoai kidn Hiic cd vet Hch than Ho eiia cac bep d u n dUdc xep thang hang. Tif ky t h u a t xay d u n g ed thd nlian dinh day la vdt Hch ciia mot kidn triic mdi d u d c xay d u n g d thdi N g u y d n (Anli S).
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66 Khdo CO hoc, sd 1/2011
Lien quan den kieh true thdi Nguyen cdn cd vdt Hch dudng cdng thoat nudc nam Id thidn d dau phia bac hd H2. Cdng dudc xay dung ddn gian, tan dung vat lieu tif cae vidn gaeh vd Le va manh bia da.
3.2.2. Di ti'ch giai doan tien sd sw
Di Hch giai doan nay xua't Id Hong hd H4, gdm: 1 mo ndi vd va 2 ldp dai gd'm.
Md ndi vd ky hieu 07.DDC.H4.L4.M1 gdm 4 ndi gdm xe'p ndm ngang lien Hep, trong dd cd ba ndi xdp chdng day len nhau, chie'c cdn lai dat quay ngudc vdi 3 chid'c hudc, mieng lip vao mieng chie'c tren cimg, xuat Id d do sau -38cm so vdi mat da't va -198cm theo cd't chuan. Ca 4 ndi deu cd each tao hinh nhu nhau, mieng loe, mep Hdn, than hinh cdu, day cong Idi nhung cd xu hudng lam phang, dudng kinh mieng nam Hong khoang 30cm. Ndi hen cimg than ed van thiing thd (van td ong), xUdng va ao gdm man do, gd'm rat thd. Ba chie'c cdn lai than va day ddu cd van thimg thudng (Ban FC- 4). Day la loai hinh di H'ch kha tieu bieu cho loai mo ndi trong van boa Ddng Sdn, da gap d di Hch Lang Vac (Nghe An).
Hai ldp rai gdm cd dac didm tUdng tu nhau, la ldp rai gd'm vun cua mot so ea the xac dinh, cd the gan chap phuc nguyen hinh dang. Ben canh dd. Hong Idp dai cdn cd cac cue dat nung, manh chan chae gd'rn va hien vat da. Chung tdi cho rang day la ldp gd'm dai day md, nhu da gap a di H'ch Lang Vac.
3.3. Di vat
3.3.1. Di vat giai doan lich sW: gdm hai nhdm chinh la rJidm vat lieu xay dung va nhdm dd gia dung - dd thd (Bang 1; Ban ve 5).
a. Nhom vat lieu xay diTng: gdm cac loai gaeh, ngdi, manh da't nung hang tri kie'n hiic va dinh sat.
- Gaeh: cd 2 loai la gaeh vd va gaeh bia, thu dUdc so' lu'dng ldn, nha't la nlidm gaeh vd, nam ldn xdn Hen be mat di Hch va Hong tdng van boa hoac nam d cac vdt H'ch kie'n Hiic trong cac hd'khai quat.
Gaeh vd: da so la gaeh Hefti khdng Hang tri, mau do, xUdng min. Mot vai vien cd in chii xac nhan ndi xuat xii d mot canh ben. Loai nay Hm thay phd bien d cac di Hch kidn Hiie tlidi Le, kich thudc Hung binh (45-48 x 22-24 x 8-9)cm. Gaeh cd do ben cao vi vay dudc tai sii dung nhidu lan. Che deh ddt xay Ddn vao nam 1998 -1999, nhiing vidn gaeh vd thdi Le van dude tai sii elimg lam gaeh lat ndn san di vao nlia ngang ben dudi. Tif nhiing vien gaeh cd in chu chd tha'y gaeh dudc lay tif nhidu xa khac nhau hoac dude cac ddng ho cung Hdn de xay den.
Gaeh bia: mau do, xUcfng hdi thd, dai da sd nhiing vien gaeh thu dudc, mat ngoai cdn bam mdt ldp viia vdi, cd kich thudc nhd (23 x 9,5 x 3)cm, Hm tha'y phd bie'n d cac kieh tnic thdi Nguydn.
- Ngdi: la loai hinh di vat Hm tha'y nhieu nha't tai di Hch, tuyet dai da sd la loai ngdi manh vun nat, bi sap dd de len Hdn cac phe tich kieh Hiic, gdm cac loai ngdi miii hai, ngdi bd, ngdi dng, ngdi ye'm, ngdi diem mai, ngdi Hang Hi hoa ehaiili...
Ngdi miii sen: la nlidm hien vat Hm thay nhieu nlia't d eii H'ch. Ngdi than phang, mau
dd, mui ngdi nhd cao dude vud't nhpn hay eat thanh mdng d ddu. Hoa van trang Hi chi ed Hen
Bui Van Liem, N g u y i n Ngoe Qu'/ - Di tieh nui va c3en Dong Co... 67
n h d m ngdi miii vud't nhon, la nhiing d u d n g gan in khudn ndi tao thanh hinh hoa sen m a n khai nhin ngbidng; n u sen mdi n h u nliin nghieng hay hinh d a u hdi c h u m vao nhau. Kich thudc vao k h o a n g (24-26 x 16-18 x l,2-l,4)em.
Ngdi dng: ddu la loai ngdi cd xudng mau xam, xam den hoac den, dai 20 - 18em, d u d n g kinh than 8cm - 7cm, day 0,8cm -1cm. Day ciing la loai hinh bidn vat thu d u d c kha nhidu d di Hch. Mot sd vien ddu ngdi d u d c Hang Hi vdi eac motif rdng d d n in ndi, hinh rdng dm hoa, hoa ciie m a n khai (hay hoa p h d dung), hoa h u d n g d u d n g , hoa ciic Hdn 7 canh...
Dudng kinh d d u ngdi p h d bien la 13cm - 14cm (Anh 10).
Ngdi yem: 50 m a n h , cd xUdng m a u Hdng xam, mat ngoai mau xam nhat, than cong ldng m o n g u d e ldn Hen, mSt ngdi hinh yem hdi ehoai vd phia HUdc. Mat Hang Hi d u d c in chim xudng so vdi m a t ngdi. Kieh thudc Hung binh: than dai 15cm - 16cm, ban rdng 14cm - 15cm, ye'm dai 9cm - 12cm; day 1cm - 1,5cm. Cac loai motif h a n g Hi phd bie'n la hoa la each dieu (van xodn), hinh bdng hoa nhin t h i n g ta thUc, hay hinh mat hd p h u (Anh 11).
Ngdi didm mai: 253 m a n h , xUdng m a u xam, xam nhat hoae xam den, m a t ngoai mau den. Ngdi hinh c h u nhat cd phdn ddu gay gap tao eho mat cdt doc cd hinh thudc thd. Diem ngdi Hang Hi hinh bdng hoa bd'n canh nd'i hay hoa van hinh hoc Hong cac d chim bdng khudn in. Didm d u d i d u d c cat binh zie-zac theo cae d Hang tri bdn Hen. Than ngdi cd nhifng Id h d thiing hinh chii nhat eho tha'y ehung dude ga vao bd mai bdng nhihig Id chdt. Hdu he't nhiing vien ngdi thu d u d c ddu bi gay n g a n g than nen khdng do d u d c chidu dai, rdng ngang than 16cm - 19cm; chidu dai didm ngdi 7cm - Scm; day 1cm - 1,5cm.
Ngdi Hang Hi hoa chanh: 199 manh, xUdng ngdi mau xam, xam nhat hoac xam den, mat ngoai m a u den. Vidn ngdi ky bidu 07.DDC.H1:10-11 hinh khdi h d p chii nhat vdi hai mat bdn gan hai h a n g hoa chanh bdn eanh due thung. Mat Hdn la mdt mat phang hinh chti nhat,
• hai canh dUde eat thdng mat lung in khudn hang hoa chanh 4 canh - tai hien lai hinh anh cua cac d hoa chanli bdn d u d i . Mat eiudi cung la mdt mat p h a n g hinh chii nhat vdi hai canh ben dUdc tao n h i i n g ma'u ndi lien tiep each ddu nhau. Giiia than ngdi, d ca m3t tren va dudi ducfc h d Id thiing hinh bdu due, kich thudc Scm x 2,7cm, cd chiic n a n g c d d i n h vidn ngdi. Kich thude khdi h d p dai 26,8cni, rdng 13cni, cao 9em. Kha nSng loai ngdi nay dMac Hang Hi Hdn cac bd tudng tha'p hoac eae d eiia (Bin ve 5: h2).
- Nhdm da't nung tiang tii kie'n tnic: 250 hien vat, gdm kbd'i Hang tri Hen bd mai (184 hien vat) va trang tri bdn Hong kieh hiie (66 hien vat). Chat lieu dat n u n g m a u xam, xam nhat hoae xam den, m a t ngoai m a u e1en.
Khdi trang Hi tren bo mai gdm cae hinh rdng thu d u d c tao khdi trdn, dudi lua, dudi may hinh sin, than r d n g . . .Hang Hi Hdn lung ngdi d bd ndc hay cac die'm goc.
Khdi h a n g tri tUdng rdng ky hieu 07.DDC.H3:14 d u d c tao d a n g hinh quai a'm, d a u dat sat da't tao t u the d a n g phii p h u e chuan hi tan edng, mdt ldi, mi ram, miii thii nhd cao, nanh to nhon, tai n d m xudi theo than. Than cong, Hdn than Hang tri hoa van hinh tam giac, dudi va dai may Hen lUng cd hrnh chii S vud't ldn cao. Kieh thudc: chieu cao 29cm, dai than 23cm, dai ddtUdng 14,5eni, khdi day 5,5eni (Ban ve 5: h3).
Khdi Hang tri tudng chim phudng ky hieu 07.DDC.H1:26 cd hinh dang ddu thu, cd ngifa.
68 Khdoco hoc, sd 1/2011 minli chim. Phdn ddu cd mi ram, mdt ldi ban ra ngoai, tai hau, bdm su hi cu6h hai ldp, mat trUdc bi vd nhd. Cd ngua, cd deo mdt vdng hinh Hdn dinh mdt qua cau. Hai ben than dudc tao nhiing van xodn hinh da'u hdi lien Hd'p. Chan ga, ciing dudc hang tri van xodn ba't ngUde len. Kich thudc:
chieu eae toan than edn lai 21cm; dian dai 18cm; khdi day 7cm (Ban ve 5: h4).
Khdi hang Hi bdn Hong kidn Hiic la nhiing manh vd ciia phii dieu. Hen mdt nat phang cd Hang Hi vdi cac motif hinh rdng, van may ket hcfp cac da'u in cha'm hinh tam giac...
- Dinh sit 36 chide, dai da sd cd mat cdt hinh chu nhat, chidu dai trung binh 10cm.
C^^^
Bdn ve5: Mdt so hien vol giai doan lich su(l. Ngdi dug: 2. Ngdi Irang tri hoa chanh: 3. Khdi Irang Iri litimg rdng:
4.Khdi Irang Iri lirmig chim phirr/ng: S.LuhiCcnig sanh)
b. Nhom do gia dting va do thd: gdm dd gd'm sii, dd sanh, do da't nung, da sd cd ngudn gd'c ban dia vdi eac loai hinh bat, td, chen, dia, chde, lu, binh. Ion, ndi...
- Dd gd'm sw: CO 2 nhdm la dd gdm sii Viet Nam va dd sti Trung Qudc.
Dd gdm sii Viet Nam: 2.233 manh, gdm cac loai bat, chen, dia, chde, binh vdi... cd nien dai keo dai Hf the ky XV den ddu the ky XX, tap frung nhat d khdang the ky XVI - XVII (Anli 12).
Ciing ed mot vai manli bat dTa cd nidn dai sdm hdn nhu manh bat men men ngoe thd'i Tran (10 manli); mot sd manh bat sii men Hang hong Idng in hoa ciic ra't kheo leo va tinh te' d ddu thdi Le.
Ky thuat dni ye'u la ve ldng, mot so it sii dung ky tliuat con ke, loai bat dan. Loai bat dia men Hang ve lam chie'm vi tri chti dao, mpt so it manh ducfc Hang men ngoe va men trang.
Dd sii Trung Qudc: 99 manh, dai da sd la dd sii Minh Thanh. Trong dd cd mdt manh
Hon bat sii men hdng hoa lam cd dd chii Dai Minh Thanh Hoa nien che''*'.
Bui Van Liem, N g u y i n Ngpe Quy - Di tich nui va <5en D o n g Co... 69
- DS sanh va dd dS'tnimg: cd cac loai lu, binh. Ion, ndi, vd, bat... gdm 484 manh sanli va 617 manh dd da't nung. Tidu bieu la lu hudng sanh ky hieu 07.DDC.H1:5, bi vd da dude phue dung hinh elang. Lu hudng cd ba chan, mieng loe ngang, vanh mieng Hang H-i hoa van sdng nUdc.
Than thang, giiia than va mieng Hang tri mdt dai hoa van sdng nude dap ndi va bdn dudi la ba dudng ke chim song song, than dudi phinh rdng va ciing dudc Hang tri van sdng nUdc. Day phang. Chan de'dudc tao rdi, vdi 3 chan ducfc gan ddc lap vao day, tao cho lu cd dang khoe manh, viing chai va dep mdt. Kich tliudc: chidu eao toan than 10,5cm, chan eao 3,2em, dudng kinh mieng 17cm, dudng kinh than 13,4cm, dudng kinh day 16cm, day 0,6cm (Ban ve5:h6).
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Ban ve6: Mdt so kieu mieng dd gom
Ngoai ra, ddt khai quat cdn thu dUdc 5 tang da ke chan cdt, 4 ddng tidn ddng (2 ddng Minh Menli tlidng bao, 1 ddng Chinh Hoa thdng bdo va 1 ddng khdng rd ehu), mdt sd mdnh bia da va mdt sd lu'dng ldn xUdng ddng vat.
Nhin chung, hien vat thu dudc Hong cac hd khai quat cd nidn dai hfdng dudng vdi nien dai ciia cac kie'n tnic da xuat Id.
3.3.2 Di vat giai doan tien sd sw: gdm cac loai d6 sdt, dd da va dd gdm, ngoai ra cdn thu dudc 678 cue da't nung.
a. Do sit: 1 hien vat, ky hieu 07. DDC. H4.L5:15, dai 11cm, rdng 1,8cm, day 0,8cm.
Cdng cu bi ri set manh, ndn khdng xac dinh dudc loai hinh cu thd.
b. Do da: 23 hien vat, gdm cac loai huih: riu bdn, manh vd riu b d n cdng cu cudi nguyen, edng eu ghe deo, ban mai, manh vdng...
Riu bdn- 2 bien vat, ddu la riu bdn hi giac, dudc mai toan than, lam hf chat lieu da basalte kich cd nhd. Riu'da ky bieu 07.DDC.H4.L5:1 dai 4,9cm; rdng ddc 2,2cm; rdng lud, 2 7cm day 0 7em. Bdn da kv bidu 07.DDC.H4.L7:10, bi gay mdt phan ddc, chidu dai con la.
6cm; rdng 4,4cm; day 0,8cm (Anh 13).
Mdnh vd riu bdn: 4 hien vat, ddu la mdnh vd cda nhdm riu bdn da de cap d Hdn.
70 Khdo CO hoc, so 1/2011
^^.
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Ban mai: 7 hien vat, ddu thudc nhdm ban mai phang ldm, lam tif da cat hat min.
Cdng cii cudi nguyen: 6 hien vat, gdm 2 hdn ngbidn, 3 hdn ghe va 1 hdn xoa gd'rn (?).
Cdng cu ghe deo; 1 hien vat, ky hieu 07.DDC.H4.L6:7 lam tif vien cuoi thach anh mau hdng due. Cdng cu giii lai td'i da phdn vd cudi tu nhidn, cd phdn ddc tu nhidn gdn vudng. Phan ludi dudc ghe ttf hai mSt tao ria ludi sde nhpn, cdng vdng, goc ludi hep. Hinh dang cdng cu rat gidng vdi. cdng cti hinh mdng ngUa hong van hoa Sdn Vi. Kich thudc: dai 7,2cm, rdng than 8,5cm, day ddc 3,8cm (Anh 14).
Manh vdng: 2 hien vat, deu la loai vdng cd mat cat ngang hinh chii nhat, dudc lam tif chat lieu da nephrite mau hdng due. Vdng cd hinh dang va chat lieu rat gidhg vdi vdng da cimg loai Hong van boa Phimg Nguyen. Chide thii nhat ky hieu 07.DDC.H4.L7:8, dudng kinh 5,2cm; ban rdng 1,4cm;
day 0,3cm. Chie'c thii hai ky hieu 07.DDC.H6.L3:4, dai cdn lai 1cm; ban rdng 1cm; day 0,3cm (Anh 15).
a Do gom: gdm 2 thdi gd'm, 4 manh chae gdm, 1 manh ndi nah ddng va 3642 manh gdm -vun. Trong dd sd ludng gdm manh thu dudc d hai hd khai quat H4 va H6 la 3439 manh, chie'm 94,4% sd'ludng mdnh gdm (Bang2).
Vd mat loai hinh dd gd'm d day chii ye'u la dd dun nab va dd dung vdi cac Idai nhif: binh, vd, ndi, bat... Cac loai binh, vd, ndi thudng cd mieng loe Udn hoae loe thang.
Cac loai bat cd mi&ig hdi loe, phdn giiia mieng va than dudc ddp mdt giai dai ndi nhd (Anh 16,17; ban ve6).
Vd cha't lidu cd hai nhdm gd'rn chae va gd'm xdp.
Nhdm gdm chae chidm dai da sd vdi 3467 manli, cd h' le ap dao so vdi nhdm gdm xdp vdi hdn 95%. Gdm ehdc cd thanh phdn xUdng gdm pha nhidu cat hdi thd, mdt s6' it pha cat rat thd, ciing cd mdt nhdm nhd pha cat min. Gdm xUdng den, xam den, nau den hoae xam nhat, ao ngoai mau hdng hoac nau dd, loai nay da phat bifn nhieu d cae di Hch Ddng Scfn vimg sdng Ma. Gd'm xdp cd sd lu'dng it, xUdng gd'm mau xam, nau hoac nau den, ldp ao gd'm mau dd nhat, pha nhieu vd nhuydn the, bd mat cd nhung vdt Id rd gdn gidng gd'm Hong van hda Ha Long.
Hoa van dd gdm cd hai nhdm la hoa van ky thuat va hoa van Hang tri. Trong dd loai van ky thuat chiem tuyet dai da sd vdi 1452 manh, ddu la van thifng dap hoac thifng lan hdn than dd gdm. Trong dd cd 105 manh van thimg min, 1314 manh van thimg thudng va 33 manh van thimg td ong rat dac h u n g hong cac di H'ch thuoc van boa Ddng Sdn. Hoa van Hang hi ehi cd 72 manh, gdm cac loai van khac vach, van in nan dan va van in d vudng dudc hang hi Hdn cd, vai hay hen than dd gd'm, ciing cd mdt sd manh hang hi bdn trong mep midng. Loai van khdc vach cd cac loai khdc vach sdng nudc, khac vach thang song song dan cheo tao hinh d ham, khdc vach hinh xoay hdn dc, khac vach thang song song, khdc vach ddn hinh da'u nga lien he'p... Van khdc vach sdng nUdc va khac vach thang song song dan cheo tao hinh d Ham dudc hang Hi bdn hong mep mieng d mdt vai manh gdm chde mieng lde, ciing vdi mdt vai manh van khdc vach xoay hdn dc gdi lai kieu hang Hi hoa vSn hen do gdm van hoa Ddng
Ban ddp 1. Mdt sdhoa vdn deu bieu tren do gdm
Bui V a n Lienn. N g u y i n Ngoe Qu'y - Di tich nui va c5en D o n g Co... 71_
Dau. Loai van ui nan d a n ehi Hm thay 1 m a n h ed vet dan ldng mdt rat rd, gid'ng n h u ngudi ta tao dd gd'm k h d n g trang h i khoa van sau dd dat dd gd'm edn udt ldn phdi h e n mot tam cdt hay phen va dd gd'm in vdt nan d a n len minh. Loai hoa van nay rat gid'ng loai van in nan dan da tha'y d di chl Ddng Dau. Loai van in d v u d n g hay d Ham Hang tri Hen than dd gd'm Hm tha'y d ea hai n h d m g d m chae va gd'm xdp. Loai hoa van nay xua't hien d giai doan m u d n ciia van boa Ddng Sdn, nd eho thay su anh h u d n g qua lai vdi van boa Han. Ngoai ra edn cd d a n g Hang tri bang hoa van khac vach hinh la da tha'y cf dd gd'm Hoa Loc hay Cdn Chan Tidn (Bin dap 1).
N h i n c h u n g dd gd'm d day m a n g dae Hung etia van boa Ddng Sdn rat rd net, Idp van hoa hi Hdn xud'ng van tha'y loai gd'm van thifng nhan tan ong va van in d Ham hay d vudng.
Viee thu d u d c m o t sd m a n h hoa van sdng nudc kieu Ddng Dau tuy so l u d n g rat it ciing cho tha'y su bao luu lau dai m o t sd ydu td ciia cac giai doan van boa Hudc dd. Loai van khac vach khdng p h d bie'n cho tha'y xu h u d n g thuc d u n g vd dd gd'm. Dang chu y la d di chi nay Hm tha'y loai gd'm xd'p kidu H a Long nhifng Hen than gd'm lai trang tri van in d v u d n g ra't dac HUng cua Ddng Sdn the hien str bao luu lau dai etia cae ndn van hda Huydn thdng.
4. Mot sd n h a n thiic ve ngoi d e n D d n g Co (Thanh Hoa) tii ket qua k h a i q u a t
4.1. Tif kdt qua thu d u d e qua cude khai quat ed the xac dinh nen m d n g kidn Hue xuat Id d h d H2 la m a t bdng eiia dien Chinh tdm. Ldp mai ngdi dd sap d h d H3, ddu Hch kie'n Hiic xuat Id d eac h d H4, H 5 , H6, H 7 va H8 Idn ludt phan anh sif tdn tai etia eae kidn Hue khac d phia h u d e C h i n h tam. D u d n g m d n g ke da xua't Id d h d H I va H7 nhieu kha n a n g la dau vet cdn lai ciia phdn t u d n g bad ngoai ciia ngdi ddn.
Cd thd nlian tha'y cac vdt tieh kidn Hiie cd nien dai sdm m u d n kha rd rang. Vdt Hch kidn triic Chinli tdm d h d H2, ndn gaeh xua't Id d h d H5, ldp ngdi dd sap cf h d H3, vet Hch d u d n g ke da d h d H I va H8 eiing ed ehmig mat bdng xuat Id, nidn dai thdi hau Le. Cae vet tich kidn Hue cf cae h d H4, H6, H 7 va ldp h e n h d H8 thude vd kien h-iic thdi N g u y e n mdi hi pha buy gdn day. Ddng thdi n g a y ca h o n g mdt kidn hiie, ta eung thdy bidn hrdng kien Hiic xay dimg lai nhidu ldn h d n g cac tlidi ky lich sii khac nhau, n h u nen Chinh ta'm phia dudi la ndn mdng ciia kdt cau kien Hde k h u n g edt thdi hau Ld n h u n g ngay ben Hen la ldp vua cho thay nd dude xay d u n g tlieo kieu kien hiie Hinh t u d n g thdi Nguyen.
Tif n h u n g vdt Hch kidn Hue da xua't Id cd the nlian thay ngdi ddn ludn ludn dUdc md rdng quy m d kieh h-dc. Nlning vet h'ch kieh Hriic thdi Le xuat Id ndm tap ehung ve phia chan mii, d cae h d H I , H2, H 3 va H5. Tuy nhidn den thdi N g u y i n , mat bdng xay d u n g ciia ngdi den dudc mci rdng h d n vd phia hd Ban Nguyet, thd hien Hong cac vet Hch ndn nha thdi Nguyen xua't Id Hong cac h d H6, H 7 va H8.
4.2 Tif didn bidn dia tdng va nhiing vet Hch kien Hiie da xuat Id Hong cac h d k b a i quat ket b d p vdi n g u d n t u lieu thu tieh, cho biet ddn Ddng Cd d u d c Himg Hi va Hi bd hdn Hie. Tuy nliien, ehi d thdi eac ehda Trinh, ddn mdi cd nhiing ddt xay dting va Hhng Hi ldn, md rdng quy md kien Hue. Dieu nay pbii h d p vdi nliCbig ghi chep h e n g Tam Thai sdn linh tich cho bie't, cac chiia Trinh cd sU q u a n tam dac biet, da ed nhieu d d t Hi siia hay xay d u n g kha ldn n h a m m d rdng quy md tao cho den Hci thanh mdt qudn thd kidn Hiic kha toan dien, dang kd nhdt la hai ddt hiuig hi Idn vao cae n a m 1630 va 1679 dudi thdi cac chiia Trinh Trang va Trinh Tae:
N a m 1630, Tlianh vUdiig Trinh Trang da lenh eho " d a n Hong h u y e n Yen Dinh Hm gd lim ngoi n u n g . . . sua lai 5 gian chinh difdng, 3 gian xuyen d u d n g chif cdng, 3 gian tidn d u d n g , 1 tda nghi mdn, 6 gian nha nghi chd va be'p; cimg vay hrdng xung q u a n h kin dao vGng vang".
72 Khdo CO hoc, sd 1/2011
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74 Khdo CO hoc, so 1/2011
1. Todn cdnh di tich Ndi vd D^n Ddng Co 2. Qudn Trieu Thien 3. Bia dd tren vdch nui Xudn
4. Nen chua Thanh Nguyen :). .\glu nwn o .Mat bang xuat lq di tich a ho HI
-•SB , , t : » * . s
7. Vet tich kien true ff ho W.N " 8. Vet tich kien tnic vd dia tdng hdH7 '-'• ' ' " ' " " ''" '"" ''"" ^""S ^'^
15. Manh vdng 16. Chae gdm 17. Ndi gdm 14. Cdng cu ghe deo
Nam 1679, Tay vUdng Trinh Tac da cho "300 quan tien d kho de mua vat lieu, d6n doc d t o
Thu Le coi d^n va cac tong xa d huyen Quang Binh, giao trach nhif m cho quan huyen can ciir vao cac
hang nhan xuat giao ti^n mua cac loai go lim, luong, gaeh, ngoi, dinh sat... etua deh eten thd, chon
Bui V a n Liem, N g u y i n N g o e Quy - Di tich nui va d e n D o n g Co... 75^
ngay khdi cdng, lam 1 gian Thudng dien (Chinh tim), 3 gian dien giua chir cong, 3 gian hai trai dien ngoai chir cdng, 3 gian nha dpc phia ta, 3 gian hai trai nha doe phia hiru, 3 gian hai trai dieh ma dudng, cimg vay tudng 4 tien virng vang kin dao"(Nguydn Duy Hinh vi TrSn Vaii Giap 1970).
Den thdi Tay Sdn va nha NguySn ciing c6 mpt s6' lan tu sua n h o n h i m g h^u n h u khdng lam anh hUdng gi ldn de'n q u a n g canh ngoi den'-^.
Dia t i n g cac ho' khai quat eiing ghi nhan ngoi den da nhieu \ia\ bi tan pha bdi thdi gian va bdi chinh ban tay con ngircni. L6p da't den d eae h d H7 va H8 cho bie't, cd th6 khu vuc nay trudc day da timg xay ra n h u n g ddt hoa hoan kha Idn. Biiu nay cd the hieu dudc bdi trong lich su, kliu vUc nay la mot vimg ehie'n trudng khde li&t thdi L^ - Mae (Dai Viet sU ky toan thu 1983).
4.3. Din D o n g Co' xua la m p t quSn the kie'n triic d u d c xay d u n g theo m d t bd' cue kha chat che. H u d n g xay d u n g ciia cac kie'n triic mdi d cac lan tu sijfa d^n sau nay ciing v i n tuan thu chat che hu'dng xay d u n g d^n ban d i u . Cac kie'n triic chinh n h u Chinh tam va cac dien ngoai d u d c xay d u n g theo mcSt true t h i n g , h u d n g tay bSc - d d n g n a m , lung d u a ntii, mat hifdng ra hd Ban N g u y e t , x u n g q u a n h d u d c bao bpc bdi day Tam Thai va d d n g sdng Ma, the niii, th6 sdng cang tao cho di tich ve uy nghi h u n g vi.
Trude va trong khi khai quat, chiing tdi cung da tham khao mdt sd eu gia trong lang van hoa Dciii Ne, nhiing n g u d i thdi tre da timg lam "viee lang" d den tir trude nam 1945^'' ( N g u y i n T u Chi 2004), vi kie'n triic va sU phSn bd eua eae kie'n triie hdi d i u tlie ky d khu vUe xung q u a n h den hien tai. Cac cu gia eho bifi't, den cd 3 difn chinh, gdm 1 Chinh tam, Dien giua va Dien ngoai n i m t h i n g true tir chan mii ra de'n g i n hd Ban nguyet, hai ben ed hai day nha ngang eiia cae giap, phai trong lang. KS't h d p tu lieu thU tieh va qua so sanh vdi nhirng thdng tin tliu d u d e tren thUc dia cho bie't, de'n kJioIng d i u the'ky XX mat b i n g phan bd kie'n triie etia din kha phii h d p vdi l l n xay d i m g ldn eudi eiing vao nam 1679.
4.4. Theo eac n g u d n t u lieu tliu tieh ghi lai d day cd mdt kie'n triic den Ddng Cd' d u d c xay d i m g tif thdi Ly - T r i n , n h u n g ket qua khai quat ehua tim lai d u d c vet tich kiS'n friic ciia giai doan nay. Phai chang kie'n triie d^n Ddng Cd' thdi Ly - T r i n cd quy md n h o . Trong ddt khai quat viia qua, chiing ta chi mdi m d n h u n g h d khai quat n h o d ria ngoai, chua khai quat khu vuc chinli - chd den mdi hidn tai va khoang san trude den. De' giai quye't d u d c van de nay, e i n phai tiep tue m d rdng khai quat nghien cuu trong thdi gian tdi.
4.5. N h u n g t u lieu khao sat tif n a m 1974 ctia eac c i n bd Vien Klilo ed hpe (Trinh Sinli, H I Van P h i m g 1974) va ket q u i thu d u d e trong d d t khai quat nay da ghi nhan d khu vUe xung quanh chan nui D d n g Cd cd mdt di chi cU trii - md tang thupc van hda Ddng Sdn, trong do di ehi cu trii m a n g tinh trdi. Dia t i n g di chi kha day p h i n anh su sinh sd'ng, dinh eU lau dai ciia eu dan Ddng Sdn d day. Didu dd eho thay di tieh nui va din Ddng Cd' da cd mdt qua trinh tdn tai, phat trie'n lien tuc va lau dai trong lich sii. N h u n g t u lieu khao cd' hoc cdn eho tha'y den thdi die'm Ddng Sdn khu vue nui Ddng Cd', lang Dan Ne da la ndi tu eu kha sam uat.
Cac di Hch, di vat thu d u d e qua d d t khai quat ciing ghi nhSn ldp van hoa tiin sd sti d ntii va din Ddng Cd m a n g dac trUng eiia vSn hda Ddng Sdn giai doan m u d n d vimg sdng Ma.
The' hien ci loai hinh m d ndi vdi n h i m g chiec ndi gd'm chong len n h a u chdn theo tif the nSm ngang hay t u n h d m gd'm cd chat lieu gd'm xudng den, xam den, nau den hoSc x i m nhat, ldp ao ngoai m a u h 6 n g hoSc n a u d o .
76 Khdo cd' hoc, so 1/2011
4.6. Viec xua't Id l d p v a n h d a va m d tang nien dai D d n g Sdn each n g a y n a y tren d u d i 2000 n a m n i m ben d u d i cac p h e tich kie'n triic giai d o a n lich sii p h i n n a o da g i n ket truyfin thuyg't, t u lieu t h u tich vdi t u lieu k h a o cd' hpe ghi n h a n di tich mii va d e n D d n g Cd cd nien dai ra't s d m va tin n g u d n g thd t h i n niii, thd nhien t h i n , la m d t tin n g u d n g cd truygn ciia cac cU d a n Bach Viet, ciia n g u d i Viet tif xua cho de'n nay*'"*.
Chu thich
1. Ba ngpn niii eo ten dan gian lii niii Xuan. nui Ngh§, nui Ddng. Theo dieu tra ciia Trinh Sinh va Ha Van Phiing thi ntii con co ten la nui Kha Lao g6m 3 ngon co ten la Niii Hang Nudc. Niii Noi va Niii Dong (Trinh Sinh. Ha Van Phiing 197."^).
2. Chu thich 1 trang \6\.Vror\%Dqi\'iet sir ky tocm thir.\k^ I. Nxb KHXH. Ha Noi. 1983, tr 161. Ve sir kitin nay. Dqi Viet sir ky loan thu chep: Nam Thien Tlianh thir nhai (Mau Thin 1028), ngay sau khi len ngoi. Ly Thai Tong da "Phong tuoc vuong cho than niii Odng Cd, dung mieu de tue thdi cung te va lam IS the.
Truac day, mpt hom trudc khi ba vuong lam phan, vua chiem bao tha'y mpt ngifdi lir xung la than nui Ddng Cd ndi vdi vua ve viec ba vuctng Vu Dire. Dong Chinh, Due Thanh lam loan, phai mau dem quan dep ngay.
Tinh day lien sai phdng bi. qua nhien img nghiem. De'n day xudng chie'u giao cho Hu'u ty dung mieu d ben hUu thanh Dai La sau chiia Thanh Tho, lay ngay 25 thang ay, dip dan d Irong mieu, elm ca xi, chinh ddn dpi ngu, treo guam giao d trudc than vi, dpc ldi the ring: "Lam con bai hieu, lam loi bai trung, xin than minh giet chet". Cac quan tir cira dong di vao, den trudc than vi ciing udng mau an the, hang nam lay lam le thudng. Sau vi thang 3 cd ngay qudc ky, chuyen sang mdng 4 thang 4" (tr. 89).
3. Dia danh Niii Ddng Cd duac ghi chep sdm nhai trong Dqi Viet sir Urge (the ky XIV): Nam Thien Phiie thil 4, thdi Le Dai Hanh "Vua di ddnh Chiem ihanh. qua niu Dong Co... "(tr. 30).
4. Mat bang gia dinh de chiing toi theo ddi va so sanh cao dp giifa cac ho dao, dupc lay d nen ngoi Diin hien lai. .Sau day goi la edt chuan.
.5. Ngoai irir hd H2 va H4 do de lai vei ti'ch kien true trong hd khai quat nen ehiing toi khong tiep tuc dao xudng dudi.
6. Che tao thdi Thanh Hoa nhii Minh.
7. Tam Thai son linh tich. Sdd, tr 1 1.
Ve vi(je nay Tam Thai scm linh tich cd chep: Trieu vua Quang Trung "Ngay 3 thang 4 nam thii- 2 (Giap Dan 1794) Do ddc Nhan Trung hau sira chiia 3 gian, 2 chai nha ti6n dudng". Trieu vua Quang Toan "Ngay 14 thang 3 nam Bao Hung thif 2 (Nham Tuat 1802), cho xa Dan Ne mien mpt nam suu, dich dt tu sira din thd de dupc hien linh giiip dai van nudc. Ngay 9 thang 4 nam dd sai quan Do Tudua mot trdng ddng cd hien cho dSn thd".
Viee hien trdng ddng d thdi Tay Son cOng dupc nhic de'n trong cac bai viei: Thdn trong a Dan Ne eiia V.Goloubew in trong Tap chi ciia trudng ViSn Dong bac cd (Ha Ndi, 1933); va Mgt bdi van ddi Tdy San noi ve trong dong, khdc tren bien go, tqi mieu tha thdn mil Dong Co (Thanh Hoa) cua Tran Van Giap va Nguyfin Duy Hinh oTap chf Khao cd hoc sd 5-6. thang 6/1970.
8. V^ viec nay, Dqi Viet sir ky toan thir co ghi chep mpt sd sir kien: Nam 1576 "Mac Kfnh Die'n lai dem quan xam lupe Thanh Hoa... Sai tudng Tay dao Mac Ngpe Lidn dem quan tien danh song Ddng Cd d huyen Yen Dinh" (Tap 1. tr 621 - 622). Nam 1577 "Thang 8, Mac Kfnh Dien xam pham song Ddng Cd, Tiei ehe Trinh Tung dfeh thiin dem dai binh ra cira luy Khoai Lac chdng lai" (Tap 1. tr 622). Sach edn ehii ihieh:
Sdng Ddng Cd la khue song Mii ehay qua dia phan xa Dan Ne, huyen Yen Dinh. Vi xa nay cd niii Ddng Cd, tre-n mii cd Den Ddng Cd nen gpi nhu vay.
Bui Van Lienn, N g u y i n N g o e Quy - Di tich nui va den Dong Co... n
9. Tir 1945 trd ve trudc. liing Dan Nc chia thiinh cac Giap. Mdi nam khi den ngay hpi Dijn Ddng Cd.
cae giap phai luan phien cif ngudi cua Giap minh ra den de lo lieu cong viec, chuan hi cho ngay Hpi. Ve td chuc va hoat dpng cua Giap, xin xem them Nguydn Tu Chi 2004. Co cau td chirc ciia lang Viet cd truyen a Bac Bp. in trong Gdp phan nghien cu'u van hda vii tpc ngudi, Nxb VHDT. Hii Npi.
10. Chu thich minh hoa: cac ban anh sifdung trong bai viei ciia Nguydn Ngpe Quy va Bui Van Liiim; cac ban ve di lich, di vat ciia Nguydn Dang Cudng va Nguydn Ngpe Quy: ban dap hoa van ciia Nguydn Ngoe Quy.
TAI LIEU D A N
BAO TANG TONG HOP THANH HOA 2000. Lv lich di tich Lich sif vdn hod va thdng cdnh Nin va Dei, Dong Co. Tu lieu Bao liing Tdng hpp Thanh Hoa.
BUI VAN LIEM. NGUYEN NGOC QUY, NGUYEN D A N G C U D N G , BUI THI TUYET, N G U Y 6 N HUU TOAN 2007. Bao eao Khai quat di tfch Nui va Den Ddng Cd (Thanh Hoa). Tu lieu Vien Khao cd hpe. Ha Npi.
G O L O U B E W V. 1933. Trong thdn Dan Ne (ban dich tii chu Phap). Tap chi ciia Vidn Dong Bae Cd. Ha Noi: 345.
LAM KIEU NGUYEN D.^T SANG. Tam Thai san linh tich. ban dich eua Ha Van Giac. do Trudng liing van hoa Dan Ne cung ciip.
NGOSY LIEN 19H3. Dqi Viet .sirky todn thir. Vkp I, Nxb Khoa hoc Xa hpi. Ha Npi: 621.622.662.
TRAN VAN G I A P , NGUYEN DUY HINH 1970. Mot biii van ddi Tay San ndi vd trdng ddng. khae tren bien gd lai mieu thd thiin niii Ddng Cd (Thanh Hda). Khdo cd hoc. sd 5-6.
TRINH SINH, HA VAN PHUNG \915. Phdt hien vd dieu tra di clu klido cd hgc Dan Ne Thugng. Tu Ucu Vien Khao cd hpe. Ha Npi.
A MOUNTAINOUS SITE AND D 6 N G C 6 TEMPLE (THANH HOA) PERCEPTION FROM 2007 EXCAVATION
BUI V A N L I E M A N D N G U Y S N NGOC QUY The mountainous site and Dong Cd Temple, belong to hamlet 1, Dan Ne cultural village, Yen Thp commune, Yen Dinh district (Thanh Hda) were excavated on the total area of 1348.5m2 in April and May, 2 0 0 7 by the Vietnam Institute of Archaeology and the Department of Culture, Information and Tourism of Thanh Hda.
The early historical cultural layer distributed around the foot of Ddng Co Mountain belonged to Ddng Sdn culture. The found relics and artifacts from this cultural layer show that it was settlement - cemetery site, of which the settlement factor was more dominant.
According to the existing data, Ddng Co' Temple might have been built in the Ly - Tran period. However, no architectural remains had been found so far due to limited excavated area.
The architectural traces uncovered in the excavated trenches indicate that Dong Co' Temple belonged to the complex of architecture with a strict construction structure, in northeast - southwest direction; its back leaned the mountain and it faced Ban Nguyet lake. It was surrounded by the range of Tam Thai mountains and the Ma River.
According the dates and found artifacts, the Temple was always under reconstruction and endorsement from the late Le period to the Nguyiln period. However, not until the period of Trinh Trang and Trinh Tac Lords was it reconstructed on a large scale.
