^aP ^''J Khoa hoc :onp r.gng \Q-g "ghie- . ,: fjam-i59ll06)/20l9
atah phu. 2016. Quyft djnh 20S3/QD-TTg ngay and selected adaptation measures for die crop- 28/10/2016 ciia Thu tUdng Chinh phu ve viec ban sector. Final Activity Report 5 under Project, hlnh Ke hoach qudc gia thdc hien thoa thuan Paris Iyengar Sudharshan, 1982. A method of classifying ve vi?c thdc hi?n cac du kiln dong gop do quoc gia regions from multivariate data. Economic ti Pohlical nl quyft dinh (INDC). Weekly. 17 (51): 2048-2052. 18 Dec, 1982. ISSN Bui Tlli Phuong Loan, Do llianh Dinh, Nguyen Thu 0012-9976.
Thuy, Hoang Thi Ngan, Tran Van The, 2019a T " " ^ » " ^ ' . ^"1 t h i Phuong Loan, Le Thi Thanh Review and update assessment on vulnerabiUty Huyen, Cao Le Quyen, Nguyen Thanh Long, from climate change on crop production in agro- ^ ° " - ^''^'"f^ Ml vulnerability and unpads ecological zones of Vietnam. Final Activity Report ^^'^"^'f "ientify adaptation options and CBA
J / r (Qj. CTop^ bvestock. aquaculture and water resources,
! under Project. including a set of recommendations and actions Boi Thl Phuong Loan, Do Thanh Dinh, Nguyen Thu for inclusion mto the National Adaptation Plans
Thuy, Hoang Thi Ngan, Tran Van The, 2019b. (NAPs). Final Synthesis Report under Pmject.
Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) of Climate Change World Bank, 2010. Economics of Adaptation to Climate Adaptation Strategies on Crop Production Systems Change in Vietnam. No 70272. Washington D.C, USA.
Developing actions for national climate change adaptive plan (NAP) in crop production
Tran Van The, Bui Thi Phuong Loan, Bui My Binh Abstract
To implement Pans Agreement, Vietnam is requested to develop action plan for national determined contributions (NDCs) in which, agriculture plays important role in both climate adaptation and mitigation. The study conducted the climate change vulnerability in 706 districts of 63 provinces for 5 key crops (rice, maize, cassava, sugarcane, and coffee, fmits) to recommend actions for national adaptive plan (NAP). The result indicated that 51.16% of districts was moderate vulnerable, 48.84% of districts with vulnerable (varied from 0.4 to 0.6). The average vulnerable index was 0.395 in range of 0.204 to 0.549. The North Coastal region was the highest climate change vulnerable (0.446); then northern west mountamous region (0.418), the Mekong River Delta region (0 412), Central Highland (0.403), Southeast region (0.398), SouUi Coastal region (0.390), the Red River Delta region (0.363) and Northeast Mountainous region (0.351).
The adaptive measures compose of rice intensification (SRI), integrated maize and bean {1MB), VietGAP pomelo (VGP), integrated coffee management (ICoM) and intercropping cassava and peanut (ICP) besides the enhancing adaptive capacity brought higher net incomes to farmers by 1.85 den 7.81 times. The study recommended 8 actions of general supportive policy and 11 adaptive measures for national climate change plan (NAP) in crop production.
Keywords: Climate change, vulnerability, crop production, national adaptive plan
Ng^y nhSn bai: 20/8/2019 NgU6i phan bien: PGS. TS. Mai Van Trinh Ngjy phan bien: 30/8/2019 Ngay duyet dang: 9/9/2019
NGHIEN CtJU HI$N TRANG VA CAC HINH THlJC QUAN L^ CHAT THAI RAN T R £ N DONG RUONG V O N G TRONG LIJA DONG BANG SONG ClTU LONG
Ngo Thi Bao Minh', Le Hong Lich', TrUong Minh Cudng' TOM TAT
0 nhi^m moi trU6ng nong nghiep do qua trinh san xuat dang trd thanh van de dang quan tam d nhieu noi. Trong nghien ciiu nay, tren cd sd thu thap thong tin hien trang tai 12 diem canh tac Ida d khu vUc mien Nam nh5m danh gia diat lU(?ng moi trUdng va iing xil cua ngUdi nong dan trong viec quan ly, xijt ly rac thai tren dong ruQng. Nhin chung, cac phe phy pham va cac chat thii trong qua trinh canh tac chUa dUdc quan ly, XL( ly thdng nhat trong cac viing. cac dja phuong Hau het nong dan xil ly chat thai trong trot mang tinh chu quan, tiiy Iiic, tiiy noi nhU: dot tai cho, thu gom van chuyln di ncfi khac, cay vui trUc tiep vao dat; doi vdi chat thai vo cd (bao bi thuoe BVTV, phan bon) da c6 h? thong be thu gom, tuy nhien van con tinh trang vijft bo bila bai tren dong rupng, ao. ho.
Ti(kh6a: Moi trUdng nong nghiep, chit thai ran, xii ly, vimg trong lua
' Tnmg tam Nghien ciiu fit Quan tr5c moi trUdng nong nghiep mien Trung va Tay Nguyen. Vi?n Moi tnfdng Nong nghiep
•S69( . I.DATVANDE
Mien Nam Ici vimg tron^ lua co dien tich Idn d nude ta, tong di?n tich xuong gidng vy Dong Xuan 2019 la hon 2 tri?u ha, nang suat binh quan dat 66,9 la/ha, tong san lUdng dat 13.47 trieu tan, tang 0,1 trieu tan so vdi nam trUdc (Bo Nong nghiep va Phat tnen nong thon, 2019). Ben canh mdc tang trUdng cua san xuat lua gao con dpng lai van de ve quin ly, xd ly cac phe phu pham ndng nghiep sau thu hoach. NgUdi nong dan chUa chii trpng den viec XLf ly, che bien chat hiiu cd thanh phan bdn, vi the nhiing phe phy pham nong nghiep nay thUdng hi bd tai dong rupng sau dd dot chay, cay \-iii hoac thu gom \an chuyen ra khdi rupng phyc vy cho cac myc dich khac nhu lam nam, thiic an gia sue, ... Trung binh lupng chat thai rin nguy hai khoang 12,8 kg/
ha/nam; trong dd thai bd quanh rudng chiem 52%, tai che 30% va dot 18% (Bui Thi Nga va cfv., 2013).
D6ng bing sdng Cifu Long vdi hdn 1,82 trieu ha dit Ilia se CO khoing 1.274 tri?u tan ram ra sau thu ho?ch. PhUdng thvfc dot rdm tai rupng dang chiem tren 97% gay tac h^i den moi trUdng, siic khde con ngUdi vi lang phi ngudn phy pham nay (Nguyen Thi Kieu, 2016). Ben c?nh hinh thdc dot rdm trUc tiep tren dong rupng thi viii ram van ta hinh thdc kha phd bien d DBSCL do dac diem ve dieu kien khi hau, cic hinh thiic stf dyng rdm ra khac thi it dUpc pho bien hdn, phy thupc vao dieu ki?n canh tic ciia tifng ndng hp (Tran Sy Nam \a ctv.. 2014).
Ngoai ra, sif phat sinh ric thai nhU bao bi phan bdn va thudc bao v? thUc vat (BVTV) cung la mdt van de can quan tam. Cich thdc quan ly bao bi chda thudc BVT\' ciia ngUdi nong dan da cd sU thay doi theo thdi gian, giai doan 2011 - 2012, 34,7% ndng dan thii bd bao bi chda thudc t ^ ruong, nhUng ly le nay da giim d giai doan 2012 - 2013 vi 2013 - 2014 bao bi dupc gom ban ve chai va ddt (Nguyen Phan Nhan va Cfv, 2015).
\'iec quin ly, xd ly cac ngudn chit thii chUa diing cich gay hau qui nghiem trpng tdi mdi trUdng dat, moi tnidng khdng khi va inh hudng cic vin de nhan sinh xa hpi khic. Xuat phit tif thyc te do, viec nghien cilu hi?n t r ^ g vi cac hinh thdc quin ly chat thai ran tren dong rupng vimg trong lua dong bing sdng Ciiu Long" la can thiet. Tif do dinh gii du<?c thUc trang chat thai tren ddng rupng va cic bien phap xiJt ly ciia ngUdi dan nhim de xuat cac giii phap quan ly, xii ly phy phe pham bio ve mdi trUdng va nang cao hieu qua kinh te.
U. VAT U$U VA PHirONG P H A P N ( . i 2.1. Vat li^u nghien ciitu
Khoi lupng rac thai ndng nghiep " '''••' '"'l''""
luatail2diemthudccictinh:TienG.a. ^ ii^ng.
Bac Lieu, Ci Mau, Ben Tre. Tri \'inh '' ^'^^'•
- Cac p h e p h y p h a m t r o n g trpt: K ' '•'^" ^^^
h o a c h v i cac loai c o dai.
- Bao bi, chai Ip di^ng phan bdn, boj chat BVTV da qua sii dung dUpc thii bd.
- Tlii nilon, rac thai sinh ho^t (nhiing thiia rupng gan khu dan cii, canh dUdng).
2.2. PhUdng phap nghien cuiu
PhUdng phap thu thap thdng tin: Thu thap, k^
thifa cac til Heu, cac bao cao khoa hpc c6 Hen quan den tinh hinh san xuat ndng nghiep v i phUdng thijtc xii ly phe phu pham trong trpt.
PhUdng phip dieu tra hien trUdng: Dieu tra, phong van ngUdi dan ve nhOng giai phap xil ly cac loai rac thai tai ddng rupng.
PhUdng phap dinh lUpng: Xic dinh khoi lilOng chat thii phat sinh tren dong ruong nhU rdm ra, cd; chai Ip bao bi thuoe BVTV, phan bdn; rac thai sinh boat.
Tai moi diem quan trie thu thap thdng tin, do dem sd lUpng va khdi lUpng chat thai tren di^n tich 2.000 m^
PhUdng phip xif ly sd lieu: Xii ly so lieu theo phUdng phap thong ke vi cac phan mem thdng ke cd ban nhU Excel.
2.3. Thdi gian va dia diem nghien ciiu
* Thdi gian nghien cUu: Thing 4 - 5, nam 2019.
* Dia diem nghien cijtu: Gom 12 diem:
• Nl: Sdm Riy, Kie"ng Phudc, Go Cong Ddng, Tien Giang. Dat trdng Ida 3 vy, da thu hoach dupc 7 ngay, dat khd, rdm ra dang phdi tren mat rupng.
^ . ; ^J-.'- C^" J^udng, Tan Thanh. Go Cdng Dong, Tien Giang. Dat trdng lua 2 vn. thu hoach dupc 10 ngay, dat am, rdm ra cdn tren mat rupng
- N3^Xdm Gd Tang Hda, Gd Cdng Ddng, Ti^n Giang. Dat trong ua 3 vu, n.di thu holch, d l khd rom ra trai deu tren mat rupng.
- N4: Lao Vien, Vien Binh, Tran Bl u . T - St tr6ng lua 2 vu, da thu hoach ^Xt ^""^ ich, dat kha, rom i Dat
duoc thu gom thanh dong.
- N5: Ap 18. xa Vinh Binh, huye,, H6a R,„t n Lieu. Dat tr6ng lua 3 vu, thu h o a d . , • „ „ ' ? ' ' • ^^^
biin licit, rom ra da dune d6l t a i. . "^"''' ^'^
•'UQng.
Tap chi Khoa no: Cong ng --_ '. jna rghiep Viet Nam • So 9i lOt
- N6: Ap 15 xa XTnh My B, huyen Hda Binh, Bac U*u. Dat trdng liia 3 vy, mdi thu hoach, dat am, rdm r? dang dUpc ddt tren mat rupng.
- N7: Ap 6, xa Bao Thanh, huyen Ba Tri, Ben Tre.
Dit trdng Ilia 2 vu, vu Ddng Xuan bd hoang.
N8: Ap Bau Sdn, xa Da Loc, huyen Chau Thanh, Tra Vinh. Dat trong lua 3 vy, dat da dUdc cay xdi de luong giong vu He Thu, dat am, rdm ra da dot tren ni?t rupng.
- N9: Ap 19/5 xa Khanh Binh, huyen Tran Van Th^, Ci Mau. Dat trdng lua 2 vy, da thu hoach. dat am. rupng da cay xdi sau khi ddt rdm ra.
- NIO: Ap Thim Chdi, Khanh Binh Ddng, Tran Vin Thdi. Ci Mau. Dat trdng liia 2 vu, dat hoi biin nhao, ruOng mdi dupc cay xdi ciing rdm ra.
- Nl 1; Ap 6, xa An Xuyen, TR Ca Mau, Ca Mau.
Dat trdng liia I vy, rupng da cay xdi sau khi dot rdm r?.
- N12: Ap Mdi, xa My Chinh, huy?n Ba Tri, Ben Tre. Dat trdng liia 3 vy, mdi thu hoach dUdc 2 ngiy, dat am, rdm ra dUpc thu gom thanh ddng.
III. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Kft qua quan trie hien tnidng ve tinh hinh san xuit tai cdc di^m nghien cufu
- Di^m trong liia 1 vu (Nl 1): Tai thdi diem quan trie. Ilia vy Ddng Xuan da thu hoach, rupng da dUdc ciy ii phdi dat. Nang suat liia trung binh vy Ddng Xuan dat 6,2 tan/ha. Hien nay mot so hd gia dinh da chuyen sang dao ao nudi ca Chinh, do thdi tiet khong t h u ^ Ipi, sau benh hai nhieu khien nang suat Ilia may nam gan day giim, trong khi dd nudi ca Chmh mang lai hieu qua kinh te cao hdn cay liia.
- Cac diem trong liia 2 vu (N2, N4, N7, N9, NIO):
Vy Ddng Xuan da thu hoach xong, mot so diem ruOng di dupc ciy xdi lam nhd. Nang suit vu Ddng Xuin til 4 - 9,2 tIn/ha, diem N4 nang suat dat 9,2 tan/ha cao nhat trong cac diem quan trac. Rieng diem N7 do thdi diem mdi sa liia nUdc man vao lam chit cay nen ngUdi dan bd hoang khdng gieo lai, hien tai cd xu hUdng chuyen doi sang trdng diia va cac loai cay an qua khac. Diem N2 trUdc day chuyen trong Ilia 3 vy tuy nhien tii nam 2016 chi lam dUpc 2 vy do thdi tiet ban ban va dat bi nhiem man. Diem NIO trUdc day bi nhiem man nang, sau dd miic dp nhiem m^n dUdc cii thien hdn do ngUdi dan da tien hanh lam de ngan man.
- Cac diem trong Iiia 3 vu (Nl, N3, N5, N6, N8, NI2): Vy Ddng Xuan da thu hoach xong, mot so
rudng da dUdc ca\- xdi lam nhd. Ning suit liia \-y Ddng Xuin tU 6 - 8,4 tIn/ha (diem N6 dat nang suit cao nhat). Vu He Thu, Thu Ddng d cac diem quan trie thudng hi ngap iing hoac nga do do mUa gid nen nang suit khdng dat. Tai diem N12, mpt sd thUa ruong ding chi san xuat dUpc 2 vy do gin kenh, nUdc man trin vao lam liia khdng phit trien dUpc, hi^n tai dang cd xu hUdng chuyen ddi sang trdng dUa va cac loai cay in qua khac. Diem Nl la diem trdng liia cai tao tii rudng mudi each day 30 nam, do dd tuy cd de ngan man nhung canh tic van bi anh hUdng. Diem N5 va N6 trUdc day la diem trdng liia 2 vy, sau khi xay dUng de ngan man da cai thien trong liia 3 vy.
3.2. Ket qua dieu tra, thu thap khoi liipn$ rac thai phat sinh tren dong ruong
Ket qua dieu tra vi dinh lUdng thUc te ric thai phat sinh tren dong rupng tai 12 diem quan trie the hien trong bang 1.
Bang 1. Khoi lUdng rac thii tren dong rugng tai cac diem quan trie
Rac thai sinh boat
(kg/ha) KHM
N l N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 NIO N i l N12
Rom, ra (tan/ha)
5,66 6,21 5,99 7,80 4,68 5,48 0,62 5,30 4,05 4,23 3,52 4,10
Chai, I9, bao bi thudc BVTV, p h a n b6n (kg/ha)
1,00 0,70 0,65 0,75 1,10 0,75 0,10 0,80 0,50 0,60 0,50 0,95
- Diem quan trie co khoi luong rom ra phat sinh 16n nhat la N4 vdi 7,80 tan/ha va thap nhSt li diem N7 vdi 0,62 tan/ha.
- Chai, lo, bao bi thuoe BVTV, phan b6n tai diem N5 la Idn nhat vdi 1,1 kg/ha va dem N9 va Nl 1 la thap nhat voi 0,5 kg/ha.
- Rac thai sinh hoat tai diem N5 la Idn nhat (0,4 kg/ha. diem ruong duoc quan trie nim canh dtidng va khu dan cU) va cac dilm Nl, N2, N4, N6, N7, N8, NIO, N12 khong phat sinh rac thai sinh hoat.
T^,r\2nJ -,;•' _, Nam-569(10^/2019 3.3. Cac hinh thiic xii ty chat thai ran cua ngUdi nong dan tren dong ruong
Dili vdi cac lo?i phe phu pham la thin li cd dai, phan dap cua cay liia sau thu hoach thUdng dupc ngUdi dan ca\ \-ui vao dat hoac tip ket Iai de khd vi ddt. Phan Idn phe phu pham tren dong rudng Ii rom r? thi du<?c ngUdi dan xU ly nhu sau:
- Dot: Day li bien phap xii ly kha phd bien hien nay d Ddng bing sdng Ciiu Long (DBSCL), do lUpng rdm ra nhieu va tap quin ddt dong lay tro. diet trU mam b?nh v? sinh dong rupng. PhUdng phip niy tuy de lim, khdng ton cdng thu gom vin chuyen, giim gia thanh va giam thieu siu benh hai tren dong rudng tuy nhien Iai lim mat di hau het cic ham lUpng dinh dudng cd trong phe phu pham. Ket qua dieu tra cho thay cd 5/12 diem quan trie (41% sd diem) ip dung bi?n phap dot rdm ra tren ddng rupng.
Bang 2. Phuong thifc xif ly rdm ra tai cac diem quan trie
„ „ „ PhUdng thiic xil ly
I K H M - _.— — • Dot tai cho Viii vdo ddt Thu gom N l
N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 NIO N U N i : T6ng hop
+
.
+ +
+
41%
- \'iii trUc tiep vio dit: Hau hft rdm ra cdn sdt lai dupc de l^i vi cay ai tren ddng rupng. Cac sinh vat se phan buy chiing de cung cap dinh dudng cho cay trdng, cii thi^n cac dac tinh ly hda, sinh hpc vi ning cao dp phi tdueu cua dit. PhUdng phap nay Ii tra lai cho dat hau het cac nguyen to dinh dudng ma ciy trdng da lay di tU dit. Idem soat dUpc sau b?nh cdn sdt tren nhOng phe thai. Sd heu dieu tra sau khi thu hoach vy ddng xuin co 5/12 diem quan trie (41 % sd diem) viu ram ra sau khi thu hoach.
Thu gom: Rdm r? thu hoach trong thdi tiet ning, khd khdng bj ngap nUdc dUpc thu gom bing each su dung may cudn rdm. Cac cupn ram dupc ep va bupc chat cd kich thUdc viia phii, dUdng kinh 50 cm » 70 cm. trpng IU{;mg khoing 15 kg rat thuan
ti?n trong v i ^ bdc xep vi v^n chuvcn LU«,'ng "' • ra thu gom dUa ra khdi rupng voi miK d- h lim n.un, thUc an du trU cho gia siic,...
Ddi vdi chit thai tU bao bi phan bdn. thudc A IV vi rac thai smh ho^t Qua dieu tra . .i- '^i^' '-•^^_^^
din deu sCf dyng thuoe BVTV cho civ irdng, khdng CO hp dan nao sU dung thudc ngoii dan!i myc, thuSc cam sii dung. Doi vdi Ida, sd Ian phun irung binh khoang tif 3 - 4 lan/vy. vy miia phun nhieu hdn vy Ddng Xuan tU I - 2 lan. Trung binh nidi hp dan sii dyng khoang 0,973 - 1,25 kg thudc BVTV/ha/vu.
Hien nay, d nhieu ndi da cd b^ thong be thu gom bao bi thuoe BVTV va cac chat thai nguy hai tren cac canh dong. Tuy nhien vi nhieu ly do nhU khong ti?n dUdng, y thdc ciia ngUdi dan nen van cdn tinh trang viit bd rac thai, bao bl ngay t ^ dong ruong, kenh mUdng, ao ho (ndi lay nUdc de pha che thude, riia,...). Mat dp rac thai bao bi thuoe BVTV, phan bdn trung binh tren ddng rudng tU 10 - 12 ric thai/ha, doi vdi rac thii sinh hoat (rac nilon) chu yeu d cic ruong gan khu dan cU mat dp len den 70 - 90 rac thii/ha.
4.1. Ket luan
Cd 41% diem quan trac ngUdi dan xU ly rdm ra sau thu hoach bang phUdng phap dot, 41% diem quan trac cay viii vao dat, 18% diem quan trie da thu gom va van chuyen ra khdi rudng de sU dyng cho cac muc dich khac nhu trong nam, lim thiic an dU trii cho gia siic,... Khdng phat hien cd ho ndng din nio SLf dung men vi sinh u rdm r? lam phan bdn, hay che bien thanh than sinh hpe bdn cho cay trdng.
D6i vdi chat thii nguy hai nhU bao bi thuoe BVTV, phan bdn phan Idn dUdc thu gom ve he thong be chua d cac eanh ddng. Tuy nhien, vin cdn tinh trang nguoi dan bo lai cic loai bao bi thudc BVTV sau Idii su dyng tai ddng rupng, kenh mUdng, ao hd. Mat dd
^r,,' Z^r^' P^'" ^^" ^^^" ^°"8 ^"Ong t^
10 .12 rac thai ha^ rac thii sinh boat (nilon) ehu yeu d cac rupng gan khu din cU mat dp len den 70 - 90 rac thai/ha.
4.2. De nghi
Tang CUdng cong tac khuyin nono h.,A j . ngUdi nong dan cac ky thuat i n h Uc !,-, H "^ ^ vi sinh xet ly chat thai hflu co lam p h L HA " " ^ """"
dong ruOng. Ddi vdi nhflng vung kho^han" h f ^ ' ^ ky thuit che- bien cha't hflu co thinh tha"' ^^VT bdn cho cay trong nhim ting kha nang g o ' , S sung chat dinh dudng cho dit. « B'" Sm vi b6
Xiy dung bo sung hi thdng be ,hu „ „ „ . u.
thuoe BVTV df thuin ti«n cho n t . i i dan. M J , ^ , ' "
Jap chi Kl-co -.. _ g rghe hcr\Q nghiip '. ,er I\VI'TI . ^j o, • cic thdn, ap c a n to chUc cac to, d d i t u y e n t r u y e n , T r a n Sy N a m , Nguyen Thi Huynh N h u , N g u y i n H a u khuye'n khich, n h i c n h d vi?c t h u g o m b a o b i v e n o i C h i e m , Nguyen \ o Chau Ngan, Le H o i n g \ i e t , quy djnh de q u i n ly v i xfl ly co hieu q u a , b a o v e m o i • ' ) • ' ' ' ' n g v o r s e n , 2014. Udc tinh luong va c i c bien midng Chung. P ' l f P , ' ^ '* ' ^ \ ^ '"°' f " " h ' ' « " 8 " " 8 » " g
' C u u Long - Khoa hpc ni nhien, Cong nghe v i m6i TAI hltV THAM K H A O t r u d n g Tap chi Khoa hoc- Tnidng dai hoc Cdn Tha.
^ N6„8 nghifp v i P h i t t r i i n n d n g t h o n , 2019. B i o ' " ^ , „ ^ ^ ; 7 ° " ^ . ^ ^ S ; NguyJn Phan N h i n , cio l i t q u i * u c hien ke hoach t h i n g VI nam 2019 ' " " • , ^ * ' ' ' " ^ " = 8 - Ph^P q u a " \f''!^^''"
nginh Nong nghiep va Phat t n e n n o n g thon. ^ i a n g . T^ip chi khoa hoc ^ Trudng Da, hgc Can Tho.
Nguyen Thj Kilu, 2016. Hpi t h i o quan ly r d m ra sau ^^yln Phan N h a n , Biii Thi Nga, P h a m \ ^ Toan.
thu ho^ch - Can Thd 3/2016 (theo Gia Linh - http:// 2015. Sif dyng thudc bao vg thUc v^t v i q u i n ly bao tapchimoitruong.vn/pages/articIe.aspx?item; truy bi chUa thudc trong canh tac liia tai tinh H i u Giang.
cap ngiy 20 t h i n g 7 n a m 2019). Tap chi khoa hgc - TrUdng Dqi hgc Cdn Tha.
Study on the status and management of solid wastes in rice growing areas in the Cuu Long River Delta
Ngo Thi Bao Minh. Le Hong Lich, Truong Minh Cuong Abstract
Environmental pollution related to agricultural activities is becoming a significant concern in many places. The study aimed to assess environmental quality and farmer's behavior on management and treatment of wastes based on information data collection of 12 rice cultivation sites in Southern Region of Vietnam. In general, the wastes and byproducts in the cultivation process have not yet managed and treated. Most farmers handle agricultural wastes with subjectivity, and it usually depends on time and place. Some farmers collect and transport wastes to other locations. Others burn or bury agricultural wastes into the soil. For inorganic waste (pesticide and fertilizer packs), despite the availability of a sewage collection system, some farmers still disposal wastes in the fields, into ponds and lakes indiscnminately.
Keywords: Agricultural environment, solid waste, treatment, rice growing areas
Ngiy nh?n b i i : 20/8/2019 NgUdi p h i n bien: PGS. TS. Mai Van Trjnh Ngiy phan bien: 29/8/2019 N g i y duyet d a n g : 9/9/2019
MO HiNH AP DUNG QUY T R I N H KIEM SOAT N G U O N 6 NHIEM DAT TRONG TAI VONG C 6 NGUY CO 6 NHIEM MOI TRl/CJNG CAO DOI V(3l RAU AN LA
Dao Van Thong', Biii Thi Lan HUOng', Tran Thj Huang', Ha Thi Thiiy', Nguyen Dinh Trang', Pham Thi Thanh Huyen', Do Thi Hii', Le Thi Thanh Thiiy', TrUdng Thanh Ka' T O M TAT
Nghien cdu tien h i n h phan tich, d a n h gia chat luong moi trUdng dat tai mot sd diem co nguy cd 6 nhiem moi tnfifng dat cao trong s i n xuat rau. Ket qua phan tich chat lUcfng dat trong tai cac diem trien khai mo hinh cho thay, him luyng kim loai nang dien hinh nhU As; Cd; va Pb co nguy cd 6 nhiem cao: Tai xa Vinh Quynh huyen Thanh Tri. Ha N<>i h i m lu<?ng As trong dat trong la 16,34 mg/kg cao hOn so v6i tieu chuan cho p h e p Ham lUong Cd tai xa Thi^n Philn - Tien LQ - HUng Yen va xa Hoi H d p - Vinh Yen - Vinh Phiic la 1,57 mg/kg va 1,5 mg/kg deu cao hOn vi bing ngUdng gidi ban cua tieu chuan cho phep. Ap dung bien phap xU ly nguon 6 nhiem kim loai nang trong dat trfing v i cham sdc 02 lo^i cay rau an la (rau m u o n g va rau cai ngot) theo quy trinh cho thay chat lUt?ng rau dap Ung dUijc die yeu cau ve dU lUdng kim loai nang; dU lUdng thuoe bao ve thUc v i t va ham lUong nitrate theo cac quy d m h hi?n h i n h ciia Bp Y te, cy die n h a n g ndi dat trong rau co h a m lUdng kim loai nang cao hdn tieu chuan nhU Vinh Quynh - Thanh Tri cd h i m lUpng As trong rau dat 0,012 mg/kg vdi rau m u o n g v i 0.015 mg/kg vdi rau c i i ngpt.
TH kh6a: O nhiem moi tru6ng, kim loai nang, rau a n l i ' Vi^n M O I trUdng Nong nghiep
