Dii:H D A H - TRAO 061
TRAO DOI BAI VI^T: "VE GIAI QUYET VIEC XIN LY HON DONG THdri VOfI Y E U CAU T U Y E N BO M A T TICH"
NGUYEN VAN THl/OfNG*
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ap chi Kiem sat sd 15 (thdng 8/2013) cd, dang bai viet: "Ve giai quyet vipe xin \y hdn ddng thdi vdi yeu cau tuyen bd mat lich" cua tac gia Nguyen Nam Hung. Theo quan diem ciia lac gia, thi ngudi yeu cau tuyen bd mpt ngudi mdt tich hoan todn cd quyen yeu cau Tod dn gidi quyel cho ly hdn ddng thdi vdi yeu cdu tuyen bd mat tich.Quan diem cua chiing tdi cho rang. Tod an khdng the thy ly yeu cau ly bdn ddng thdi vdi yeu cau myen bd mdt lich. Bdi le: Theo quy djnh ciia phdp luat hien hdnh Ihi: "... vp hoac chdng ciia ngudi bi tuyen bd mat tich xin ly hdn thi Tda an giai quyet cho ly hdn" (khoan 2 Dilu 78 Bd luat Dan sy (BLDS) vd khoan 2 Dieu 89 Luat Hdn nhan va gia dinh nam 2000).
Can cii theo quy dinh nay, thi vg hoac chdng ciia ngudi bi tuyen bd mat tich (phai cd quyel dinh tuyen bd mat tich ciia Tod an da cd bieu luc phap luat) neu xin ly hdn thi Tda an gidi quyet cho ly hdn. Cd nghia la viec ngudi vg hoac ngudi chdng bj Toa an tuyen bd mat tich la dieu kien, chiing cii de Tda an lam can cir giai quyet cho ly hdn Do dd, cd the khang dinh. Mac dii khdng cd dieu luat nao quy dinh viec vp hoac chdng ciia ngudi du dieu kien de Tda an tuyen bd mdt lich theo quy djnh tai khoan I Dieu 78 BLDS c6 yeu cau tuyen bd mat tich ddng thdi xin ly hdn trong ciing mdt vu viec, thi bat budc phai qua thii tyc tuyen bd mat tich nhung khodn 2 Dieu 78 BLDS va khoan 2 Dieu 89 Luat Hdn nhan va gia dinh nam 2000 da chiia dyng ndi dung dd.
Van de tdc gia neu, trudc day khi chua cd Bd luat Td ning ddn sy (BLTTDS) nam 2004, ma cdn dp dyng Phap lenh Thii tyc gidi quyet cdc vu dn dan sy (PLTTGQCVADS) thi Tod an
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H Tap chi KIEM SAT• S6 19 (thang 10/2013)
da hing thy ly, giai quyet trong ciing mpt vy vipe. Bdi vi, PLTTGQCVADS chi quy dinh thii tyc giai quyet cac vy, vipe dan sy la gidng nhau, khdng cd phdn biet thu tyc giai quyet vy dn ddn su va thii tyc gidi quyet vipe dan sy nhu BLTTDS. Trudc ddy, theo Nghi quylt sd 03/HDTP ngay 19/10/1990 ciia Hpi ddng Tham phan Toa an nhdn dan tdi cao hudng dan dp dung mdt sd quy dinh cua PLTTGQCVADS thi tai Muc 8 Phdn 111 cua Nghj quyet quy djnh: "Neu cd ngudi xin ly hon vi ly do ngudi kia mat tich tbi Tod dn gidi quyet ca vipe mat tich va ly bdn trong ciing mpt vy dn. Trong trudng hop Toa an xdc djnh ngudi kia mdt tich thi Toa an cho nguyen don dugc ly hdn vdi ngudi mdt tich". Cdn BLTTDS hien hdnh Igi phdn biet ibanh bai thu tyc khac biet nhau.
Mat khdc. theo quy djnh ciia BLTTDS thi thii tuc thy ly, gidi quyet, Hdi ddng xet xii vy an vd hdi ddng gidi quyet viec dan su la hoan todn khdc nhau. Ve thii tyc thy ly vu an: Theo quy djnh lai khodn 1 Dieu 164 BLTTDS thi ca nhdn, co quan, td chiic khdi kien thi phai lam don khdi kien. Dem khdi kien phdi cd cdc npi dung chinh Iheo quy djnh lai khoan 2 Dieu 164 BLTTDS, trong dd phdi ghi rd ten, dja chi cua ngudi bi kien (diem d khoan 2 Dieu 164). Tgi Cdng van sd 109/KHXX ngdy 30/6/2006 ciia Tod an nhan dan tdi cao hudng dan ve viec xic ly cac trudng hgp khdng bilt dia chu ciia ngudi bj kien, neu ro: Trong trudng hgp ngudi khdi kien khdng thi hdnh diing quy djnh neu tren (khodn I, 2 Dilu 164 BLTTDS), thi Tod an yeu
Phd Vidn tnrong, Vien kiem sM nhSn dSn huy0n Cang Long, tinh Trd Vinh
Cfido miehg k^ m4m ^dygidipfidng Tfid dd 10/10/1954 -10/10/2013 cau hp phai siia ddi, bd sung don khdi kien theo
quy dinh tgi khoan 1 Dilu 169 BLTTDS. N I U hp khdng sira ddi, bd sung don khdi kien theo yeu cau cua Tda an, thi Tda dn trd lai don khdi kien theo quy dinh tai khoan 2 Dieu 169 BLTTDS. Ngoai ra, tgi khodn 5 Dilu 9 Nghi quylt so 05/2012/NQ-HDTP ngay 03/12/2012 ciia Hdi ddng Tham phdn Toa an nlian dan ldi cao hudng dan thi hanh mdt sd quy dinh trong phdn thii hai "Thii tuc giai quyet vu an tai Toa an cap so tham" ciia Bd ludt Td tung dan sy da dupe sua ddi, bd sung theo Ludl sii'a ddi, bd sung mdt sd dieu cua Bd luat Td tung dan su (sau day gpi tat Nghi quyet sd 05) quy djnh:
'Tmdng hgp frong don khdi kien khdng ghi ddy dii, cu the hoac ghi khdng diing ten, dia chi cua ngudi bj kien, ngudi cd quyen Ipi, nghTa vu lien quan, thi Toa an yeu cau ngudi khdi kien ghi day dii vd dimg ten, dia chi cua ngudi bi kien, ngudi cd quyen Ipi, nghia vu hen quan.
Neu ngudi khdi kien khdng thuc hien, thi Tda an can cii vao khoan 2 Dieu 169 BLTTDS tra lai dan khdi kien vd tdi lieu, chiing cir kem theo cho hg ma khong dugc thu ly vu an,.." Theo nhiing quy dinh nay, neu ngudi vp hoac chdng CO don yeu cau xin ly hon ddng thdi vdi yeu cau tuyen bd mat tich thi Tda an cung khdng the thy ly dugc vi khdng biet dia chi cua bi don d dau de bo sung vdo don khdi kien. Dieu nay cho thdy, Tda an chi thu ly vy an xin ly hdn sau khi gidi quyet viec dan su va bi don da bi Toa an tuyen bd mat tich bang mdt quyet dinh cd hieu lye phap luat. Quyet djnh tuyen bd mat tich nay la tai lieu kem theo don khdi kien, la chiing cii chiing minh cho yeu cdu ciia nguyen don la cd can cir va hop phap. Trong trudng hpp nay, do la chiing cii chiing minh cho viec khong cung cdp dugc dja chi cua bi don la do khach quan va Tod an phai thy ly, giai quyet.
Con thu tuc thy ly giai quyet viec ddn sy yeu cau tuyen bd mat tich thi ngudi cd yeu cau chi lam dan vd ndi dung don chi neu cu the yeu cau Tod an gidi quyet, ly do, muc dich, can cii cua yeu cau gidi quylt viec dan sy do ma khdng bat buoc phdi ghi dja chi cua ngudi bj yeu cau (khoan 1, 2 Dilu 312 BLTTDS). V l thu tuc giai quyet Cling rat khac nhau, h:ong qua trinh gidi
quyet vu dn tbi bat budc boa gidi, cdn giai quylt viec khdng cd thii hic nay. Thanh phan Hpi ddng xet xix vu an gdm mot Thdm phan vd hai Hdi tham nhdn dan... (Dilu 52 BLTTDS);
thanli phan giai quyet viec dan su do mdt Thdm phan gidi quylt (khoan 2 Dilu 55 BLTTDS).
Ciing can phdn tich them rang viec tuyen bd mpt ngudi mat ich la van de rat quan trpng, vi nd lien quan den nhirng ngudi cd quyen, Igi ich lien quan, quan he nhdn than va quan he ve tai san cua ngudi bi tuyen bd mat lich. Nen thii tuc tuyen bd mat lich dugc quy djnh rat chat che ve thdi han, dieu kien, thii tuc gidi quyet.
Vi the, BLTTDS da quy dinh rieng theo thii tuc ciia viec dan sy. Do do, khi giai quyet mdt vy, viec dan su ddi hdi nguoi tien hanh td tung phai hieu va biet van dung dimg vao timg vu viec cu the. Khdng nen quan niem phai c6 dieu luat bat bupc hay van ban hudng dan cu the viec ngu'di va hoac ngudi chdng cua ngudi vang mat tai nai cu tni tren hai nam cd dan xin ly hdn thi phai qua thii tuc tuyen bd mat tich theo y kien cua tdc gia bai viet. Bdi vi thii tuc thong bdo tim kiem ngudi vang mat nai cu tni (khi ngudi do biet tich trong sau thang lien trd len), hoac yeu cau tuyen bd mdt ngudi mat tich (khi ngudi do biet tich hai nam lien trd len) la thii tuc bat buoc ddi bat cii vy an ddn sy ndo cd ngudi tham gia td tung vang mat vdi thod gian neu tren ma khdng rd tung tich ve hp, chii khdng rieng ve vu dn ly hon. Bdi khoan 7 Dieu 9 ciia Nghj quylt sd 05/2012/NQ-HDTP ngay 03/12/2012 da quy djnh: " N I U ngudi khdi kien khdng biet hoac ghi khdng diing dia chi cua ngudi bj kien, ngudi cd quyen Igi, nghia vu lien quan dl ghi trong don khdi kien, thi hp phai thyc hien viec tim dia chi ciia ngudi bj kien, ngudi cd quyen loi nghia vu hen quan".
Ben canh dd, Dieu 38 ciia BLTTDS chi quy djnh viec nhap, tach vu an, khdng cd quy dinh viec nhap vu dn vdi viec, nen khdng the nhap chung cd vu vdi viec de gidi quyet chung cimg mdt thii tuc.
Tu nhiing phan tich tren, chimg tdi cho rdng, Toa an khdng the giai quyet "yeu cau xin ly hdn dong thdi vdi yeu cdu myen bd mat tich" trong ciing mdt vu v i e c *
Tap chi KIEM SAT R | S6 19 (thang 10/2013) • • •
