De trien khai tm dung
chmh sach xa hoi d Viet Nam hieu qua hdn nu'a
PHAM THl H A "
Tom tat
Bdi viit khdi qudt mgt sd ca chi, chtnh sdch vi lin dung chlnh sdch xd hgi trong thdi gian qua, dong thdi, khdi qudt ki't qud dgt dugc cung nhUmgt sdhgn che trong qud trinh tnen khai nguon vdn tin dung chinh sdch din cdc hd ngheo ngheo, ddn tde thieu sd vd cdc dd'i tugng chinh sdch khac. Tff do, de xudt mgt so giai phdp hffu hiiu nham gop phdn triin khai hieu qud han nffa nguon vdn ndy tdi cdc ddi tugng thu hudng.
ta khoa; tin dung chinh sdch xd hgi, gidm ngheo bin vffng, ho ngheo, ddn tgc thieu sd, ddi tugng chinh sdch
Summary
The article outlines a number of mechanisms and policies on social policy credit in the past time. Also, il summarizes the achievements as well as some limitations in the process of providing this kind of credit to poor households, ethnic minorities and other beneficiaries. On that basis, solutions are proposed to contribute to the more effective deployment of this capital to the beneficiaries.
Keywords: social policy credit, sustainable poverty reduction, poor households, ethnic minorities, policy beneficiaries
Giai THIEU
Hoat dpng tin dung chinh sach xa hpi trong thdi gian qua da gdp phan quan trong thffc hien cd hieu qua eac chu tru'dng, chinh sach, muc tieu, nhiem vu ma Dang, Nha nffdc da de ra ve giam nghfeo ben vffng, xay diing ndng thdn mdi, tSp trung phat trien nguon nhan lffc, bao dam an sinh xa hdi, dn dinh chinh tri, an ninh - qud'c phdng va phat trien kinh te - xa hpi. Tuy nhien, qua trinh trien khai ngudn vd'n nay cung dang gap phai mpt sd'khd khan, vffdng mac, can cd nhieu giai phap ddng bo de khac phuc.
THL/C TRANG
K^'t qua dat dtftfc
De thffc hien muc tieu giam ngheo mpt each cd ban va ben vffng, tin dung chinh sach xa hdi la mot trong nhffng giai phap trpng tam dffdc Dang va Nha nffdc hifdng tdi. Theo do, ngay 22/11/2014,
Ban Bi thff Trung ffdng Dang da ban hanh Chi thi so' 40-CT/TW ve tang cffdng sff lanh dao cua Dang dd'i vdi tin dung chinh sach xa hdi. Dong thdi, Chinh phu, Thu tffdng Chinh phu cflng ban hanh nhieu ed che', chinh sach lien quan de'n boat ddng tin dung chinh saeh xa hdi.
Thffc hien nhifng chu trffdng ndi tren, nhu'ng nam qua, ngudn vd'n tin dung chinh sach xa hdi dii dffde phat huy va dat dffde nhflng ke't qua tich cffc.
Thed Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hdi (2020), nam 2019, ngudn vd'n tin dung chinh sach dat tren 211,8 nghin ty ddng; la nam thff 5 trien khai thffc hien Chl thi sd 40-CT/TW cua Ban Bi thff Trung ffdng Dang.
Rieng ngudn vdn dia phffdng uy thac sang N Ngan hang Chinh saeh xa hdi tang 3.639 ty ddng so vdi nam 2018, dffa tdng ngudn von uy thac cua dia phffdng de'n nay dat 15.443 tyddng.
Ngudn vd'n tin dung chinh sach nam 2019 da giup gan 2,2 trieu lffdt hd ngheo, ho can ngheo va cac dd'i tffdng chinh sach khac dffdc vay vd'n. Vd'n tin dung chinh sach da hd trd dau tff san xuat, kinh doanh, t^o viec Iam hdn 266.000 lao dpng, trong dd giup gan 7.000 lao dong di lam viec cd thdi ban d nffdc ngoai;
giup hdn 36.000 hpc sinh, sinh vien cd hoan canh khd
'Tru'dng Cao d i n g Kinh te - Ky thuat Dien Bien
'^gay nhdn bdi: 28/03/2020; Ngdy phdn bien • 20/04/2020; Ngdy duyet ddng 23/04/2020
205
khan vay vd'n hpc tap, xay dffng tren 1.2 trieu edng ttinh nifdc sach ve sinh d ndng thdn; xay dffng 15,6 nghin can nha d cho hd ngheo dn dinh cupc sd'ng; hdn 4r000 can nha d xa hpi theo Nghi dinh sd 100/2015/
ND-CP, ngay 20/10/2015 ve phat trien va quan ly nha d xa hdi... vdi tdng doanh so cho vay dat 72.814 ty ddng. tang hdn 10.735 ty ddng so vdi nam 2018.
Tinh tren dien rdng toan qud'c. Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hpi dang quan ly ffen 20 chffdng tiinh tin dung chinh sach vdi long dtf nd dat 211.006 ty ddng (tang so vdi nam 2019 la 4.201 ty ddng). Rieng 3 thang dau nam 2020. tdng doanh so'cho vay dat 18.723 ty ddng, vdi so' khach hang cdn dff nd la tren 6,5 trieu khach hang.
Tinh de'n ngay 30/3/2020, Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hpi da gia han nd va dieu chinh ky ban nd cho 40.034 khach hang vdi dff nd dffdc dilu chinh ky han va gia han nd la 1.394 ly ddng. Ben canh dd. Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hpi cung da tap trung ngudn vd'n de cho vay giup hp ngheo va cac dd'i tffdng chinh sach khac khdi phuc san xua't, dn dinh cupc sd'ng vdi so' tidn la 11.973 ty ddng cho 275.415 khach hang vay vd'n.
Dac biet, trong bd'i canh dai dich Covid-19 xay ra tff dau nam 2020, Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hdi da phd'i hdp cung cac bo, nganh ban hanh cac quye't dinh hen quan, xay dffng hffdng dan cho vay. nham dam bao ngudn vd'n de'n dung dd'i tffdng thu hffdng, cdng khai, minh bach. Ciing vdi do, Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hpi da bao cao Hdi ddng quan tri de trinh Thu tffdng Chinh phu ve phffdng an giam lai vay cho hp ngheo va cac dd'i tffdng chinh sach khac, Neu phffdng an dffde thdng qua, tff ngay 01/04/2020 de'n he't nam 2020, lio ngheo va cae chffdng trinh cd lai suat bang hp ngheo hoae tham chieu theo mffc lai suat cho vay ho ngheo se dffdc giam lai vay 15% va cac dd'i tffdng chinh sach 5 cac chffdng trinh khac giam 10% (Viet Hai - Trang Trung, 2020).
MSt sd'khd khan, han che'
Tuy nhien, qua trinh tnen khai tin dung chinh saeh xa hdi hien nay van edn nhffng khd khan, han che, eu the nhff sau:
(i) Ngudn life de thffc hien cac chffdng trinh tin dung chinh sach xa hdi con han che so vdi nhu cau thffc te cua ngffdi ngheo va cac dd'i tffdng chinh saeh, nha't la tai mpt so' chffdng trinh tin dung cd nhu eau ldn, nhif:
chffdng trinh cho vay giai quye't viec lam, cho vay hp san xua't. kinh doanh vung khd khan
(ii) Chat Iffdng tin dung chinh sach chffa ddng deu, tai mpt so' vung, dia phifdng ty le nd qua ban cdn cao (chu yeu cf khu vffc Dong bang sdng Cihi Long); mot so' ehffdng trinh tin dung tiem an rui ro dSn de'n gia tang nd qua han (ehffdng trinh cho vay hd ddng bao dan tpc thieu so' dac biet khd khan, cho vay hd ngheo lam nha d. cho vay nha d vung thffdng xuyen ngap lu Dong bang sdng Cffu Long).
(iii) Viec xac nhSn do'i tffdng dffdc thu hffdng chinh sach ddi vdi cd sd cap xa ddi luc cdn gap khd khan, do hang nam hd ngheo van tang (hp tai ngheo; ho mdi tach d rieng. hd mdi xay dffng gia dinh thudc dien
ngheo); cac dd'i tffdng nay deu phat smh sau thdi diem dieu tra hg ngheo theo tieu chi cua Bo Lao ddng - Thffdng bmh va Xa hdi.
(iv) Mdt bd phan ngffdi ngheo sff dung vd'n vay chffa hieu qua, nen thoat ngheo chffa that ben vflng. Nguyen nhan la do:
- Mdt so' chinh quyen dia phffdng do chffa xac dinh dffdc giam ngheo la nhiem vu ffu tien hien nay de giff^vffng dndinh ehinh tri, xa hdi va phat trien kinb te ndn chffa quan tam dung mffe de'n edng tac cung cd', nang cao chat Iffdng tin dung chinh sach, chffa cd eac bien phap cu the va tich Clie de cai thi6n chat Iffdng tin dung, nha't la cac bien phap nhSm xu" ly dd'i vdi cac hp gia dinh dang cdn dff nd Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hdi, nhffng da chuyen di khoi dia phffdng.
- Cdng tac thdng tin, tuyen truyen ve cac chu trffdng, chinh saeh tin dung ifu dai tai mot sd' xa viing khd khan, vung bien gidi cdn han che, van cdn mdt sd'bd phan hd ngheo va dd'i tffdng chinh sach khac chffa hieu hoac chffa nam bM dffdc cac chifdng trinb tin dung ifu dai de tie'p can ngudn vd'n tin dung chinh sach.
- Trinh dp nhan thffe, tap quan san xua't cua mpt sd' hd tai cac vung cao, vung dac biet khd khan cdn ra't han che, hd vay vd'n chu ye'u dffa vao dieu ki6n tff nhien, da't dai de chan nudi, san xua't nen hieu qua vd'n tin dung dau tff thS'p, tiem an nhieu rui ro; san pham san xua't ra nhd le, khdng tao thanh hang hda, khd tieu thu, ldi nhuan tha'p, dSn de'n hi$u qua ddng vd'n vay khdng cao.
- Thie'u sff phd'i hdp, ldng ghep cac chffdng trinh, dff an, kd'hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hpi, cae boat ddng chuyen giao_ cdng nghe, hua'n luyen, dao tao nghe vdi hoat ddng tin dung chinh sach trong toan qud'c, cflng nhff tren tffng dia ban, dac bi8t la dia ban cap xa.
- Mpt sd ndi, cha't lffdng hoat dpng uy thac cua cac td chu'c chinh tri - xa hgi cap xa cdn thie'u sau sat, chffa chii ddng thffc hien day du cac ndi dung cdng viec dffdc uy ;hac theo hdp ddng da ky, dSn ddn chat Iffdng boat dpng cua td tie't kiem va vay vd'n cdn han che.
DE XUAT GIAI PHAP
De trien khai tin dung chinh sach xa boi CO hieu qua cao hdn nffa. theo tac gia, can thffc hien cd hieu qu5 mot so'va'n de nhif sau:
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Thff nhdt, hoan thien khung phap ly va tao dieu kien thuan ldi hdn nfla trong viec cung cap tin dung cho hp ngheo, can ngheo va cac dd'i tffdng khac theo quy dinh. Cu the la: ra soat tdng the chinh sich giam ngheo de didu chinh phu hdp.
Theo dd, can r^ soat eac chffdng tnnh tin dung lfu dai hien nay de Iffa chgn cd tinh a^Q cac ye'u to' ffu tien, trgng t&m, trpng diem phu hdp vdi tffng vung, dia phffdng, dam bao phai ed sff phd'i hdp chinh sach trong tdng the cac chinh sach tin dung ffu dai hien nay, tao sff ddng bd theo hffdng phat tridn tff bdt ngheo, thoat ngheo, giam ngheo ben vffng ddn dn dinh va phat trien.
Ben canh dd, can cd chinh sach tin dung dac thu cho vung, dia phiidng de ffu tien, khuyen khieh ddng bao dinh eanh, djnh cff, vffa giup cho viec phat trien kinh {6'ben vflng, vffa giff gin ban sac dan tpc.
Thff hai, day manh phd bid'n, tuyen Iruyen cac chu trffdng cua Dang v^ Nha nu'dc ve tin dung chinh sach xa hpi de'n cac tang Idp nhSn dan, nha't la ngffdi ngheo, ddng bao dan tpc thieu so' va cac ddi tu'dng chinh sach khac, nham giup hp hieu dffdc vai trd quan trpng cua tin dung chinh sach xa hgi, clung nhff nang cao y thffc cua hp trong viee sit dung hdp ly va hieu qua ngudn vd'n nay.
Thff ba, can cd sff chi dao sau sat trong hoat dpng uy thae cua cac td chffc chinh tri - xa hdi cap xa, ddng thdi, chu dong thffc bi^n day du cac ndi dung cdng viec dffdc uy thac thed hdp ddng da ky, nham nang cao chat Iffpng boat ddng ciia to tiet kiem va vay vd'n. Ddng thdi, day manh phd'i hdp, ldng ghep cac ehffdng trinh, dff an, ke' hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, cac boat ddng chuyen giao c6ng nghe, hua'n luyen, dao tao nghe vdi hoat dpng tin dung chinh sach trong loan qudc, cung nhff trdn tffng dia ban, dac biet la dia ban cap xa.
__ Thff tff, UBND cac tinh, thanh pho' hang nam cin bd sung ngudn vdn tu" ng^n sach tinh dd uy thac qua Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hdi cho vay hd ngheo va cac dd'i tffdng chinh sach khac tren dia ban, theo tinh than chl dao cua Chi thi sd 40-CT/TW. Ben eanh dd, chinh quyen dia phffdng cac cap, eac nganh can gin ket hdn nfla trong viec dau tff ehffdng trinh tin dung chinh sdch nay vao md hinh san xua't, kinh doanh cd hidu qua phu hdp vdi chie'n Iffdc phat trien kinh te - xa hgi tai eac dia phffdng; thffc hien td't chinh sach khuyen ndng, khuye'n lam, khuye'n ngff; chuydn giao khoa boc, ky thuat, cd dinh hffdng thi trffdng tieu thu san pham... de giup hd dan nang cao nang suCt, chat Iffdng san pham;
nhan rdng cac md hinh thoat ngheo theo dung tinh than Nghi quye't cua Qud'c hdi khda XIII ve viec giam ngheo ben vflng de'n nam 2020 va cac nam tie'p theo.
Trong dd, lifu y de'n viec tieu thu san pham cho hp dan de giai quyd't mdt phan van de "ly ndng bS't ly hffdng"
de ddng bao yen tam lam giau tren chinh manh dat que hffdng minh.
Ngoai ra, can gSn ke't tin dung chinh sach vdi tin dung thffdng mai nham tao dieu kien cho cac hd ngheo va dd'i tffdng chinh sach khi bet thdi gian vay vd'n ffu dai cd the tie'p can ngay vdi ngudn vd'n tin dung thffdng mai, giup ho dn dinh lam an va thoat ngheo ben vffng.
Tha ndm, xem xet dieu cbinh cd che cho vay dd'i vdi mdt so' hp dac tbu. Cu the la: Xem xet, ban hanh cd che cho vay dd'i vdi hd cd mffc sd'ng trung binh cho phu hdp vdi chuan ngheo tie'p can da chieu theo Quyet dinh sd 59/20^15/QD-TTg, ngay 19/11/2015 vd viec ban hanh chuan ngheo tie'p can da chieu ap dung cho giai doan 2016-2020. De phu hdp vdi chu ky san xua't, kinh doanh cua eae loai cay trdng, vat nudi cd thdi gian sinh trffdng dai nhff trdng cay an qua, cay cdng nghidp, Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hdi can nang thdi ban cho vay td'i da cua chffdng trinh cho vay hg radi thoat ngheo ldn 10 nam, ddng thdi nSng mffc cho vay td'i da ddi vdi cho vay san xuat, kinh doanh tai vung khd khan len mffc 100 tridu ddng/hd de tao dieu kien eho hp vay dau tff san xua't, kinh doanh ed hidu qua;
Cling vdi do, can nang thdi han cho vay td'i da 16n 10 nam de phu hdp vdi qua trinh sinh trffdng va phat trien cua cac dd'i tffdng dau tff dai ban. Nang mffe cho vay khdng phai d^m bao tien vay td'i da tff 50 tridu ddng len 100 trieu ddng dd'i vdi cho vay xuat khau lao ddng.. •
- T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ — 1. Ban Bi thff Trung ffdng Dang (2014). Cht thi sd40-CT/TW, ngdy 22/11/2014 ve tdng cudng su Idnh dgo cua Ddng ddi vdi tin dung chinh sdch xd hgi
2. Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hpi (2019). Bdo cdo ddnh gid vai trd, hieu qud cua tin dung chinh sdch xdhgi trong thtfc hien muc tieu gidm ngheo bin vffng giai dogn 2016-2020, thang 9/2019
3. Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hoi (2020). Bdo cdo ket qud hogt ddng tin dung chinh sdch xd hgi ndm 2019 vd phuang hudng nhiem vu nam 2020, ngay 09/01/2020, tai Ha Ndi
4. Viet Hai - Trang Trung (2020). Dong hdnh vdi ngUdi yi'u the vd lao dgng gap kho khdn do COVIOD-19, truy cap tff http://nhcsxh.chinhphu.vn/Thong-tin/Dong-hanh-voi-nguoi-yeu-the-va- lao-dong-gap-kho-khan-do-COVIOD19/8047.vgp
