TiC'ii hau Ncing lumig. Ky ihitcil cong trinh. Van lai va Cong ng
TRIEN VONG KHAI THAC NANG Ll/OfNG GIO TREN B I £ N VIET NAM
Le Quang Sang, Du-otig Duy Hoat, Nguyen Binh Khanh Vien Khoa hoc nang lugng, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ciu Gidy, Ha Noi
Email: [email protected] Tom tat:
Viel Nam la moi quoc gia c6 Hem nang nang lugng gio lan nhat trong khu vuc Dong Nam A, dgc biel la khu virc ven bien, hai dao. La mot quoc gia vai tren 3200 km ba bien, nhieu hai dao. co vung lanh hai rong lan, do do dien gio khong chi khai thac tren ddl lien ma con co khd nang khai thac co hieu qua khu virc bien gdn ba.
Bai bao giai thieu ket qua nghien ciru bicac dau ve danh gia tiem nang, kha nang khai ihdc nguon nang lugng gio tren bien, phan tich danh gia vd de xudt ' quy mo cong nghe dien gio tren bien ihich hap dieu kien cu the cua nuac ta.
De khai thac co hieu qua nguon dien gio tren bien, bai bao de xudt cac nhiem vu khoa hoc cong nghe can dugc dau lir nghien dm.
AN ASESSMENT FOR EXPLOITING WIND ENERGY RESOURCE AT VIETNAM SEA
Abstract:
Vietnam is a counlry that has the largesl wind energy potential in Southeast Asia, especially in coastal areas and islands. Vietnam is a country has more 3200km coastline, islands, has large territorial waters, so thai wind power is not only exploit in ihe land but also has effective capacity deploy in near shore area.
The article introduces the result of initial study about potential assessment, ability to exploit wind energy resource at sea. assessment analysis and proposal of wind power technology scale at sea that suit with specific condition of Vietnam. To exploit effectively wind power resource at sea, the paper proposes technology science tasks should be studied.
LOI NOI DAU
Nang luong gio (NLG) la mot trong nhung nguon nang lugng tai tao co tiSm nang lan nhit. Tu nhung nam 70 ciia the ky truac NLG da dugc nhieu nuac quan tam diu tu nghien cuu khai thac nguon nang lugng qui gia nay. C) qui mo toan cau khai thac NLG da dat dugc nhung thanh turu rit to lan, la mot trong 2 ngu6n NLTT c6 t6c do phat tri^n hang nam nhanh nhat (30%). Nhung nuac phat trien dien gio hang dau the gioi la My, Due, Dan
llgi nghi Khoa ho^
Macli, Trung Quoc.. .Co the noi ngu6n NLTT noi chung, dac biet la nguon NLG ngay cang CO vai Iro quan trong trong co cSu he th6ng ngu6n nang lugng. Tai nhilu nuoc tren thS gioi. phat tnen dien gio dugc xem la mot giai phap co tinh chien iucc lau dai gop phin dam bao an ninh nang lugng ya bao ve moi truong. Tir bai hoc thuc tiln phat triSn dien gio tren the giOT c h o t h a y quT dat lien ngay cang han chS d6i vai xay dimg dien gio, do do Irotig iho, gian gan day nghien ciiu phat IriSn dien gio tren khu vuc biin gin ba da dugc nhicu nuoc quan tarn dau tu nghien ciru, nhi6u nha may dien gio cong suSt Ion da dirge xay
Do nhieu Igi ich nhu che dp gio tdt hon, 6n djnh hon, it anh huong moi truong va dac do d r i M n l T-^ •" "^"^ ™"^ " ' ^ «^^" " " f l ' ^«" ^^" 50m) da dugc hoan thien, ticm nang NLG. trong do CO Viet Nam.
Nam A ' ^ r n h i r m ' ' T . ' - " ' ' r f " '=*-'"™ "="« NLG Ion nhit trong khu vuc Dong v i g i t ha r . ; ^ . " " " ' " ' ' : ""• "™' " ' ^ * ^ " ' " « " h gia ngu5n N L G tren bloc'^L - " " " ^ "* ^''° ^^" "^y ^^"^ '*"'?= 'riin khai nghien cim TronE
DAC DIEM DIEU KIEN TU NHIEN VilNG BIEN CUA V I E T NAM
> ^ ^ ' J ^ : ! ^ ^ £ % ^ ^200km vol hon 3.000 h6n d . o , . „ „ h 5 , g i n v4 h.i cua Viet Nam c6 dien & h I h o ^ : " m ^ i Z " Khu v f b i ' ^ ' ' ' V ^ ' " i ? ° ' ^ ™ ^ '""
pl™ hgp xay dung cac trane trai di™ a i l ? i." ' ™ ™ ^™ ^° ™ ''^ ^ ^ den 50m kSt qua tinh'toan xac d i n T I n if^ca^ : „ ° t f """"l ^'""^ ' ' " ^ ' ' ' ™ ^'^ 8 ' « 'W^«
36 X.C dinh ti j m nsng NLG t r L b i ' g i : ^ ^ ' V ^ N a r ' " ^ ' ' ''" '""' •*=•" ' * " »
« ^ h g i a . i a m „ a „ g . . g „ a „ „ , , , , ] ; ^ , ; , r r ^ ^ n i r t ' l , •• 1,-i = = - • — s "•«•• gan Off Viet
fiHii htm Ncing luwig. Ky thiicil cong Irinh. Vein lai va Cong nghe Bien
Mai do nang lugng gio: E = P/A = 0,5*p*V^ (W/m") (1)
V6-i P - 0.5*p*A*V^ (W) la cong su^t, p la mat do khi (p-l,225kg/m^), V (m/s) la van loc gio, A la dien tich mat quct cua canh tuabin gio (m").
Thuc te, toe do gio thuang bien thien kha manh theo ca thai gian va khong gian. Khi do mat dp nang lugng gio tai mot diem co dang: E ^ 0.5* \py^fiv}dv (2)
Trong do, f(v) la ham mat do cua toe dp gio V. Trong thuc te gia tri V thuang la gia tri roi rac hoa theo cac khoang thai gian bang nhau (IC, 1 gia, 1 ngay...)
— 1 -^
Toe do gio trung binh: V = — /K
Trong do V la toe do gio trung binh, N la so gio trong nam, 8760 gia.
V Z Toe do gio ihco do cao dugc tinh toan theo cong thuc sau: —^ = (—-^ (3) Trong do, VI, V2 (m) la toe do gio a dp cao Z|, Z2 (m); a la he so mat dem.
Chi lieu danh gia ve licm nang nang lugng gio, chung toi can cu vao bang phan loai toe do gio va mat dp nang lugng gio cua World Bank (2001) nhu bang 2:
Bang 2: Phan cap nang lugng gio cua World Bank (2001)[3J Toe dp gio do
cao 30m (m/s) 0-4,0 4,0 - 4,5 4,5 - 5,0 5,0-5,5 5.5 - 6,0 6.0 - 6,5 6.5 - 7,0 7.0 - 7,5 7,5 - 8,0
>8,0
Phan loai Ngheo Binh thuang Binhthugng
Tot Tot Rat tot Rat tot Tuyet vol Tuyet vol Tuyet voi
Toe dO gio d§
cao 65m (m/s) 0-5,5 5,5 - 6,0 6,0 - 6,5 6,5 - 7,0 7,0 - 7,5 7,5 - 8,0 8,0 - 8,5 8,5 - 9,0 9,0 - 9,5
>9,5
Mat do NLG d?
cao 65inCW/m^) 0-200 200 - 250 250 - 320 320 - 400 400 - 500 500 - 600 600 - 720 720 - 850 850-1000
>1000
Phan loai Ngheo Ngheo Binh thuang Binh thuong
Tot Tot Rat tot Rat tot Tuyet vai Tuyet vai De danh gia che dp gio va tiem nang nang lugng gio khu vuc gin ba Viet Nam, cac tac gia da su dung ca so dii lieu goc cua cac to chuc nuoc ngoai nhu NASA va SWERA.
Can cu toe do gio trung binh a do cao 1 Om ciia NASA, loc do gio va mat do nang lugng gio a cac do cao khac nhau da dugc tinh toan xac djnh theo theo cong thuc (1) va (3) cho vung bi^n nong Viel Nam (co do sau din 50m). Ket qua tinh loan dugc trinh bay trong bang 3
Hoi nghi Khoa hgc va f^ong nghe Bien loan quoc ldnjh^j_
Bang 3: Toe do gio va mat do NLG tai cac do cao Iciiac nhau tren vung biin Viet Nam
Vung bien Tir Mong Cai den Hai Phong Tir Nam Dinh den Quang Ngai Tir Binh Dinh den Binh Thuan Tir Viing Tau den Vinh Thai Lan
Do cao 50m V
m/s 7,759 6,565 8,356 7,162
E W/m^
286,09 173,32 357,32 225,02
EW/m^
(SWERA) 250 200 400 250
Do cao 80m V m/s 8,171 6,914 8,799 7,542
E W/m^
334,09 202,40 417,27 262,77 Can ctr chi tieu danh gia a Bang 2 ciia World Bank, thi kft qua tinh toan neu tren cho thay nguon nang lugng gio 6 cac vung bijn Viet Nam co tiSm nang ly thuySt kha Ion va co kha nang khai thac hieu qua ngu6n nang lugng nay. Vai do cao tit 50m tro len thi co kha nang khai thac di^n gio cong suit lan.
Hinh la: Phan bo mat do nang lu^g gio tren biin Dong (SWERA - 2006)
& s$ M'niUHi; glNH HiM s f
Hinh lb. Phan bo toe dg gio trung binh nam tren biin Boris (NASA. 1999
K8t qua tinh mat do naiig lugng gi6 tai do cao 50m cua SWERA va t6c do gio tai do cao 1 Om cua NASA, dugc trinh bay tren hinh 1. . e ^ ' "V ^au Tiem nang ph^t dif n
K6t qua tinh toan tren cho thiy nhiSu khu vuc viing biSn nong cua Vi^t Nam thich hop su dvrig cac 10,1 tuabm g,6 cong suat Ion. Tuy nhien viec lua chon loai tuabin gi6 quy m^
h u t H ? , ^ - ° T^ " ™ ^ - ' i - * ' """ '' "^^^^ '"">'°™' PhSn tich hieu qua k Z T a T ? thuat dua tren nhung co sa dir lieu do d?c dieu tra chinh xac hon. ' '^ " " ' " " = "^
. , , J ' ^ ° ^ , ' ' ' f , ' f " ^ ^ i ^ ' " * ' *"**? ff° f^n biSn c6 cong suit 3MW va 5MW dirac lua
b i a n t . M 6 n g C . d ^ „ H . i P h 6 „ g , ^ t . P h ^ a v K N r h S „ ^ ? l S ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
TiJii ban Nang lieang, Ky ihiicil cong Irinh, Van tai va Cong nghe Bien
Tuabin gio tren bi£n co cong sukx 3MW va 5MW co dp cao thap la 80m; canh quat co chikidai ISn lugt la n 2 m va 126m, he s6 khong gian ciia tuabin gio 3MW la 0,627km" va cua iLiabin gio SMW la 0,794km^
KSt qua tinh toan so bg tiem nang phat dien cua cac to may tuabin gio tren dugc trinh bay trong bang 4 (so lieu dugc lam tron):
Bang 4. Tiem nang phat dien Iren mot so vung bien Viet Nam
Viiiig bien
Tir Mong cai den Hai Phong Tir Phil Yen den
Ninh Thuan
Binli Thii^ui
Tong
Do sau (m)
0-20 20-50
0-50 0-20 20-50 0-50
Tuabin gio 3MW Dien tich
(kni2) Cong suat
(MW) 6.285 10.178
9.680 15.677 3.045 4.931 3.320 5.377 7.660 12.405
So Tuabin
10.021 15.434 4.855 5.293 12.213 47.816
Dien nang/nam
(GWh)) 89.163 137.327 43.198 47.100 108.670 425.458
Tuabin gio 5MW Dien tich
(kra2) Cong suat
(MW) 6,285 13.485 9.680 20.769
3.045 6.533 3320 7.123 7.660 16.435
s6
Tuabin 7.918 12.195 3.836 4.182 9.650 37.780
Dien nang/nam
(GWh) 118,128 181.938 57.232 62.400 143.972 563.670 Mot so cong nghc mong cot dien gio thich hgp vung bien Viet Nam
Cong nghe dien gio tren bien ve ca ban giong cong nghe dien gio tren dat lien. Tuy nhien co 2 diem khac biet ca ban khac biet la mong cot tren bien va he thong cap ngam truyen lai dien. Trong phan dual day chung toi giai thieu mot so mong pho bi8n tren thS gioi CO the ung dung thich hop vai cac vung bien co do sau nho hon 50m tai Viet Nam.
Hien nay co 3 kiSu nen mong col tuabin gio tren bien pho bien la mong trpng luc, mong cgc dan, mong 3 chan:
- Mong trong luc: Nen mong trgng luc thep dugc xem xet a do sau 4-lOm. N i n mong dugc lam tu cac ong tru thep Iron dugrc dat tren thung sat phang dat dual day biin.
- Mong coc dan: Nen mong cgc dan la 1 ong bang thep dugc dam nen vao day bien.
Mong cgc dan thuang dat trong viing bien c6 dp sau toi da 25m va dong sau 10-20m trong day bien.
- Mong 3 chan: Nen mong 3 chan dugc dung bang 3 ong thep dugc dong sau 10-20m trong day bien v^ do sau nuac toi da la 50m.
- Doi vai cac viing bien sau hon 50m, cac tuabin gio dugc dat tren mong dang phao n6i kilu nhu cot noi hay phao noi de ho trg 1 hoac nhieu tuabin rieng le.
Ihn nghi Khoa hoc va c ong nghe Bien loan qmyc Win iJj'jJ^
^?"-!:i;. "^r^^-
a. Mong trong b. Mong coc don c. Mong 3 chan d. Khoang each t6i thiau llmh 2: Dang mong dm liiahin gia a do sew dmri 50m [I]
KET LUAN
Nam'^tt n';;t :^kh.':;s:,tuM" t-*'^' -^-^^-^-^ '^^-^ «'^ - ^^ ^ ^.e.
thfing nang ,u„ng Vict Nam ' ' " '" •" " " ' "8™" nang lugng nay b6 sung he
dian ":f';;jn;^°^^i^ :;:=:•-»^^^ ;:f^->;™^H, th^ phi. hgp v.i cang nghe
nang ky thuat va kha nang khai thac n.uAn n^n I ° ? ^ '^'•^'"'^ ^'^ "'^'"'^ ""^^ •i'^'m
•inh loan net, tren d,a tren ^ ^ ^ I Z T ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ t ^ ' ^ t " t '^' ^'"^ ' ^ ''"^
nguon nang lugng rit co triin vgng cua vieVNam ^ " ' " '''"'^''"™ ''^" ^^
chi.^s;s,fie::iat, t;s.:;s^^ '^^ *'- - ^^- - --^..
TAI LIEU THAM KIIAO
1 • -I.F. Manwell. J.G. McGowan and A L Rocer, "«/,„./ „
4. REpower Sytems AG. REpower svstem. A r s x^
running. Available from: h t . p ' / / ^ ™ ^ ™ ^ ^ f 2 ^ o f = ^ ' ^ " ' ^ * ' ™™"'°™ '^
