Thuc ti§n - Kinh nghiem T«|i chi cang s d n
TRA VINH CAN LAM Gl DE KINH TE BllN TRO THANH NGANH KINH TE MUI NHON?
LE VAN HAN*
Tra Vmh li Unh ven biin, co vi tri chiin lirac quan Irong yi kinh ti, an ninh nudc phong va moi trw&ng sinh thai ciia viing dong bang song Cim Long; CO lori thi trong khai thac xa bo-; ta tuyen hang hdi quan trgng cua viing Sng bing song Cm Long thong thuomg ra Biin Bong ket noi v&i ca nu'd'c va qudc ti. Chinh vi vay, tinh cin co chu truong, chinh sdch thu hut tiutuvao viing ven biin, v&i nhiing giai phdp phii hap trong th&i gian tm, Cti kinh ti biin tr& thanh nganh kinh ti miii nhgn cua tinh; dong th&i, phdt triin bin vimg kinh ti biin gin v&i bao dim an ninh quoc phong.
Quan dilm, chu truang, chinh sach phat triln kinh ti biin tinh Tra Vinh
Tinh Tra Vinh nJm giua song Tiln va sdng Hau va d phia Ddng Nam cua vimg ddng bing sdng Cim Long (DBSCL), vdi chilu dai bd biln 65km, mat giap bien thong qua 2 cira biln chinh la cua Cung Hau va cua Dinh An.
Thiy duoc tim quan trong va lgi thi phat triln kinh tl biln, tinh Tra Vinh da kip thdi triln khai cac chu truong, chinh sach ciia Dang va Nha nudc ve phat trien kinh te bien vung DBSCL vao dilu kien thuc tiln ciia dia phuong nhu sau:
Tinh da kip thdi triln khai cac nghi quyit, quyit dinh cua Trung uong. Tru&c tien, ngay 24-3-2008, Tinh uy Tra Vinh da ban hanh Chuong trinh hanh ddng sd 16-CTr/TU thuc hien Nghi quyit sd 09-NQ/
TW, ngay 9-2-2007, cua Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang (khda X), vi Chiin luac biin VietNam din nam 2020. Thir hai, Tinh
da triln khai kip thdi Nghi quyit sd 120/
NQ-CP, ngay 17-11-2017, cua Chmh phu, vi phdt triin bin vung dong bdng song Cim Long thich img v&i biin doi Ihi hdu:
ddng thdi, tinh Tra Vinh ban hanh Ke hoach thuc hien Chuong trinh hanh ddng cu the dl n-iln khai thuc hien. Thii ba, thuc hien Nghi quyit sd 36-NQ/TW, ngay 22-10- 2018, cua Ban Chip hanh Trung uong, vi Chiin luge phdt triin bin virng kinh te hiin Viet Nam din ndm 2030, tdm nhin din ndm 2045 (viit tit Id Nghi quyit si 36-NQ/TW), Tinh iiy da quan triet diy dii va triln khai thuc hien kip thdi, hiSu qua cac quan dilm, muc tieu va dinh hudng cua Nghi quyit sd 36-NQ/TW din cac cip uy, chinh quyln. Mat trSn Td qudc, cac doan the, doanh nghiep, can bd, dang vien va cac tang ldp nhan dan tren dia ban tinh; thdng nhat tu tudng, nhan thirc vl vi tri, vai trd va tim quan trpng dac
* Pho Chu tich Uy ban nhan dan tinh Tra Vinh
T a p chl C p n g s d n
biet eua bi6n ddi vdi su nghiep xay dung va bao v^ Td qu6c trong toan Dang, toan dan va toan quan.
Xac dinh phat tri8n bin viing kmh ti biin I^ trach nhigm cua ca he thdng cbinh tri, la quyen va nghia vu cua mpi td chue, doanh nghiep va cua toan dan. Tmh ludn tuyen tmyin va co nhieu giai phap nham nang cao nhan thiic, y thiie traeh nhiem cua cac cap try, chinh quyen, can bp, dang vien, cac tang ldp nhan dan, doanh nghiep nham phat trien ben vihig kinh te bien gan lien vdi bao dam qudc phdng, an ninh, giir vung ddc lap, chii quyen va toan ven lanh thd.
Khang dinh quan diem, chu truong cua tinh Tra Vinh la phat trien ben viing kinh te bi6n tren nen tang tang trudng xanh, bao tdn da dang sinh hpc, cac he sinh thai bien; tang cudng lien ket, ca cau lai cac nganh, ITnh vuc theo hudng nang cao nang suat, chat lugng, hieu qua va sire canh tranh; phat huy tiem nang, lgi the eua bien, tao dpng luc phat trien kinh te cua tinh. Giii gin gia tri, phat huy fruyen thdng lich sir, ban s5e van hda bien di ddi vdi xay dung xa hpi gan ket, than thien vdi bien; bao dam quyen tham gia, hudng lgi va trach nhiem cua ngudi dan ddi vdi phat frien ben vihig kuih te bien tren ea sd cdng bang, binb dang, tuan thu Hien phap va phap luat. Tang cudng quan ly tdng hgp, thdng nhat tai nguyen va bao ve mdi trudng bien;
chii ddng irng phd vdi bien ddi khi hau, nudc bien dang.
Nhirng ket qua trong phat triSn kinh t% bi§n Tra Vinh
Qua 12 nam, ke tir ngay triin khai thirc hien Nghi quyit sd 09-NQ/TW, ngay 9-2-2007, cua Ban Chip hanh Trung uong
Dang (khda X), ve Chiin luoc biin VietNam din nay, tinh Tra Vinh da dat dugc nhirng thanh tuu ndi bat frong phat triin kinh ti biSn nhu sau:
Mpt la, qua 12 nam triin khai, tmh hmh kinh ti bien eua tinh tiep tuc phat triin nhanh.
Vung bien eua tinh bao gdm 4 huyen va 1 tbi xa: Tra Cu, Duyen Hai, C^u Ngang, Chau Thanh va thi xa Duyen Hai. Tdng gia tri san xuat ciia eae dia phuang ven bien chiem 59,8% tdng gia tri san xuat toan tinh, thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi cac huyen ven bien gap 1,1 lan mirc binh quan ehung ciia tinh; ket cau ha tang kinh te - xa hpi co nhieu chuyen bien, gdp phan thuc day tang trudng kinh ti dia phuang, on dinh ddi sdng dan cu viing ven bien.
Hai la, nganh thuy san lien tuc dat ket qua eao, tdng san lupng thuy san nam 2018 tang 32,2% so vdi nam 2007 (tir 151.734 tkn nam 2007 tang len 200.613 tkn; din nay, toan tinh cd 1.191 tau ca duge dang ky (trong dd ed 325 tau khai thac xa bd), gop phan dua san lugng khai thac tir 68.385 tan nam 2007 tang len 78.227 tkn nam 2018. Nudi thiiy san viing nudc man ven biin tiep tuc phat trien, nhieu binh thirc nudi da dang, dae biet hieu qua trong nhimg nam gkn day la nudi tdm nudc lg mat dp cao tiip tuc dupe nhan rdng va dat nhiiu kit qua tieh cue, nang sak bmh quan tir 50 - 70 tan/ha; tdng san lugng nudi trong tir 83.349 tkn nam 2007 tang len 122.386 tan nam 2018.
Ba la, trong san xuat ndng nghiep da xuat hien nhiiu md hinh phu hgp va hieu qua.
Diin hinh la mo hinh kit hgp torn - liia, lua - ea, lua - mau dat hieu qua cao; nhiiu hp ndng dan ven biin da tich cue khai thac dit ddng eat, d4t bai b6i di frdng mau; chan nudi gia
Thuc tien - Kinh nghiem T a p chl CAng ^
Siie, gia cam cd bude phat triin theo hudng da dang vat nudi (heo, bd, de, ga, vit...).
Bdn la, phat triin rimg ven biin dn dinh, chdng dupe xdi Id va bao dam mdi trudng sinh thai. Riing ngap man ven biin timg budc dupe khdi phuc, cdng tae giao dkt, giao rimg, khoan bao ve rimg dupe thuc hien chat che; dien tich rimg tai sinh dugc bao ve ngay cang tdt ban. Hinh thanh dugc mdt sd tuyen rimg phdng hd fren d4t bai bdi, dat ddng eat d cac xa ven bien thude huyen Cau Ngang, Duyen Hai, thi xa Duyen Hai va Chau Thanh, gdp phin ban ehi xoi Id, chin gid, bao ve bd bien, dn dinh mdi trudng sinh thai va ddi sdng dan cu.
Ndm la, k6t c^u ha tang phat trien kinh te - xa hpi d eac vimg ven bi^n cd budc ehuyen bien ro net. Dudng giao thdng dupe lang nhua den hau het eac xa ven bien, giao thdng ndng thdn dugc dSu tu ndi lien cae ap trong xa (ke ca 6 xa dao); dien ludi qudc gia duge keo den 100% trung tam eac xa, thi frSn; he thdng tbdng tin li6n lac thdng sudt;
ciim tuyen dan eu duge dau tu va phan phdi nude sach, hgp YB sinh; 100% cac xa ven bien deu cd trudng hpc, tram y te; khu du Iich Bien Ba Ddng, Thien vien Tnic Lam dugc dau tu xay dung dua vao sir dung,...
gdp phan phuc vu phat trien kinh te - xa hpi vimg ven bien.
Sdu la, thu hut d^u tu fren dia ban tinh ndi chung, eae vimg ven biSn ndi rieng dat nhiiu kit qua kha quan. Den nay, toan tinh cd 338 du an cdn hieu lue, frong dd cd 41 du an dau frr nudc ngoai, tdng vdn dang ky 3,1 ty USD (du an nhiet dien 2 chiim 2,41 ty USD) va 297 du an dkn tu frong nude, tdng vdn dang ky 105.909,84 ty ddng. Trong dd, trong khu kinh ti, khu cdng nghiep cd 79 du
an, bao gdm 16 du an d^u tu nudc ngoai, tong vdn dang ky khoang 2,87 ty USD va 63 du an d^u tu frong nude, vdi tdng von dang ky 99.745,42 ty ddng.
Btfy la, tmh hmh chinh fri - xa hSi va an nmh dn dinh. Ngudi dan ven biin sinh sdng dn dinh, yen tam san xuit, kinh doanh; be thdng chmh fri, qudc phdng an mnh dugc quan tam cung cd, gift viing dn dinh an ninh chinh fri fren biin, bao dam an toan vimg ven biSn va fren bien.
Ben canh nhung kit qua dat duge, kinh te biin Tra Vinh vln cdn nhiiu ban che tdn tai nhu: 1- Phat triin kinh ti biin trong nhung nam qua chua tuong xiing vdi tiem nang, viee khai thac eac thi manh miii nhpn chua tuong xiing. Cac lgi thi vi kinh ti bien chua dugc khai thac tdt, chii yiu mdi khai thac lpi tbi vi nudi frdng thuy san, cac ITnh vuc khae nhu: Danh bat xa bd, djch vu hau ckn nghi ca, cdng nghiep che bien, du lieh bien...
chua dupe diiu tu khai thac cd hieu qua;
2- Cdng tae quy hoach kinh te - xa hdi vimg ven bien Txk Vinh cdn cham. Cdng tac quy hoach cham dan den viec thu hiit cac nha d§u tu, viec frien khai cae du an dau tu bi anh hudng nhiiu; trong do, ed viee giai phdng mat bang eho du an,- viec tai dinh cu khi triin khai du an ciing gap khdng it khd khan;
3- Ngudn vdn dau hr eho chuong trinh, dy an phat triin cac huyen vimg bien trpng diim ciia tmh nhu: Duyen Hai, Cau Ngang, thi xa Duyen Hai, rk ban chi. Viec radi gpi cae nha dku tu, doanh nghiep phat friin san xukt, kinh doanh cac nganh, nghe bien cdn gap nhiiu khd khan. Da sd ngu dan frong tinh cdn khd khan vi kinh ti nen vdn dki tu cho ddng mdi, nang cdp, cai hoan tau ea di vuon khoi bam biin, bao ve chu quyin biin, dao cdn
Ihirc tign - Kmn ngmem T Q P chl C d n g s d n
han chi; viec hd frg ngu dan frong khai thac thiiy san tuy da dugc quan tam nhung chua dap ling dupe y§u cSu; 4- Viec nudi thuy san cdn rieng le, thiiu tinh hpp tac, thieu tuih lien kit san xudt vimg nudi ldn nen chua gin kit dugc gifta ndng dan vdi cac nha khoa hgc va nha nudc; khd tiep can vdi cac cbinh sach bien hanh; 5- LTnh vue thuang raai va dich vu phat trien eham, thieu ddng bp, thi trudng ti8u thu hang boa chua dn dinh, he thdng cae chg dau mdi ti§u thu san pham cdn ban che;
du lieh phat frien chua tuang ximg vdi tiem nang cita tmh.
Nhirng ban che neu fren cd nhieu nguyen nhan, frong dd nguyen nhan chu yeu la nhan thiic cua cac cap, eae nganh, dia phuong va ngudi dan, doanh nghiep vi vai frd, vi tri eiia bien, phat trien ben vung kinh te bign chua day du; cdng tae lanh d^o, chi dao viec thyc bi$n nghi quyet ciia mdt sd cap iiy, chinh quyen eon thieu thudng xuyen, quyit het; edng tae quy hoach, ke hoach, dau tu phat trien cae nganh, ITnh vye Hen quan den bien cdn thieu tmh tdng die, lien ket; edng tac dao tao, day nghe, hd frp chuyen ddi viee lam cho ngudi dan ven bien chua dap iing dugc yeu ciu.
De kmh te bien tra thanh nganh kmh tk biln miii nhon cua tinh Tra Vinh Di Tra Vinh frd thanh tinh phat triin manh frong khu vue ddng blng sdng Cuu Long, kinh te bien frd thanh kinh ti mui nhpn cua tinh, phat trien bin viing gin vdi bao dam an ninh qudc phdng, Tra Vinh trd thanh tmh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda, frong thdi gian tdi can thye hien ddng bd mdt sd giai phap sau:
Thie nhdt, tang eudng sy lanh dao ciia Dang, day raanh cdng tac tuyen truyin, nang
cao nhan thirc vi phat triin bin viing kmh ti bien, tao ddng thuan frong toan xa hdi. Tuyen truyen can bd, dang vien va nhan dan nhan thiic sau sac ve cac npi dung, quan diim chi dao eua Dang, eae mue tieu phat triin bin viing kmh ti bien din nam 2030, tkn nhin den nam 2045. Kip thdi quan triet, td chirc trien khai thuc hien hieu qua cae chmh sach phat trien kinh te biSn.
Thic hai, thuc hien tdt cae ehinh sach, ehien luge, quy hoach, ke hoach ve phat triSn ben viing kinh te bien. 1- Tiep tuc thyc hien hieu qua "Chien luac biin VietNam den ndm 2020" fren dia ban tinh, frong dd tap tmng phat trien thiiy san ngay eang vftng manh;
phat triin lara nghiep theo hudng khdi phue va bao ve rimg ngap man ven bien nham eai tao mdi frudng sinh thai cho dan cu va cho pbat triin ben vung san xuat ndng - ngu nghiep,... 2- Tang eudng cdng tac quan Iy tdng hpp vimg bien va ven bien, bao dam phat triin can ddi, hai hda gifta phat triin cac nganh kmh ti va bao dam an toan ve radi frirdng; 3- Tang cudng lien kit hgp tac phat triin kmh ti - xa bdi vdi cac tinh thanh frong khu vyc DBSCL; k6u gpi dku tu di khai thac tiira nang kmh ti biin frd thanb kinh ti miii nhpn eua tinh; 4- Tap ttnng phdi hpp ra soat, bd sung va xay dyng mdi ddng bd eac quy hoach, ki hoach lien quan den bien, dao; sir dung tai nguyen va bao ve mdi trudng viing bd theo hudng md ra biin di phat huy tdi da tiira nang, Igi thi ciia biin va ban che d&n rauc thdp nhit cac thiet hai do bien dii khi hau va nudc bien dang
Thir ba, phat triin khoa hpc, edng nghe va tang cudng diiu fra co ban bien. Ddy manh nghien eiiu, img dung khoa hpc - cdng nghe vao phat triin kinh te biin; phat friin ha tang
Thuc tien - Kunh nghiem Tap <hi cang'
ky thuat cong nghe thdng tin hien dai, bao dam an toan thdng tin, dap vmg kha nang tich hop chia se thdng tin va ket ndi he thdng thdng tin, CO sd dii lieu qudc gia, bao dam kha nang tiSp can va sit dung cho cac eo quan, td chirc, doanh nghiep va ngudi dan nham gdp phan phuc vu phat trien kinh te bien. Phan tich, thdng ke danh gia hien trang cac he sinh thai vitng bien; xay dung cac ldp ban dd phan vimg su dung tai nguyen va bao ve mdi trudng viing ven bien; thuc hien Thda thuan Pa-ri v^ hiin ddi khi hau.
Thir tu, day manh giao due, dao tao va phat tri8n ngudn nhan luc bien. Tao su chuyen biSn miinh me vS chit lugng ngudn luc; ddi mdi noi dung phuong thirc day va hpc; tang cudng giao due, nang cao nhan thiic, kien thirc, higu bi8t vg bien, thich irng vdi bien ddi khi hau, nudc biSn dang, phdng, tranh thien tai cho hoc sinh, sinh vien trong tat ca cac bac hoe, c4p hpc. Tang cudng dao tao, bdi dudng can bp lanh dao, quan ly, dpi ngu giang vien, nha khoa hoc; timg budc hinh thanh dpi ngfl can bp quan ly cd chuyen mdn sau ve bien.
Nang cao chit lupng dap tao, cdng tac dao tao nghg, dap irng ygu cau lao dpng cita cac nganh kinh tg bign va viec chuygn ddi nghe cua ngudi dan; khai thac tai nguyen vabao ve mdi trudng bign theo hudng bgn vilng...
Thie ndm. tang cudng nang luc bao dam qudc phdng, an ninh trgn bign. Tigp tuc thuc hien cac giai phap phat trien kinh tg - xa hdi va bao dam an ninh, qudc phdng viing ddng bSng sdng Ctru Long dgn nam 2020; tang cudng su lanh dao cua Dang ddi vdi cdng tac bao dam an ninh, trat tu, thuc hien Chien lupc bao ve Td qudc h-png tinh hmh mdi.
Thir sdu, huy ddng cac ngudn luc, khuyen khich cae thanh phin kinh tg diu tu cho phat
frign bgn vimg kinh tg bign: 1- Tranh u ngudn vdn hd trp cua Trung uong va cac ngudn lire khac din tu xay dtmg cac myen qudc Id huygt mach cua tinh, dac biet la tuyen qude 15 53, 60, dudng tinh 915B; xay dung hoan thanh ke Hiep Thanh, mygn de bien, ke chdng sat Id viing xung y6u bd bign, bd song;
2- Thu hiit cac ngudn diu tu, kg ca vdn dau tu tnrc tigp nudc ngoai (FDI) va hd hrp phat trign chinh thiic (ODA) diu hi phat mgn vao khu cong nghigp, cum cdng nghiep va khu kinh tg Dinh An. Theo Sd Ke hoach va Dau tu tinh Tra Vinh, hdi nghi xiic tign dau tu (ngay 15-1-2020) cd chti tnrong dau tu cho 5 du an vdi tdng vdn 5.302 ty ddng. Trong do, cd 2 du an nha may dien gid Vl-2 cd vdn dan hr la 2.232 ty ddng va nha may dien gid VI-3 vdi vdn diu hi 2.120 ty ddng...; 3- Phat trign ddng bo cd hieu qua nudi ttdng thity - hai san gin lign vdi bao ve ngudn lpi thuy san; nmg phdng hd; phat ttign dien gid, chii ttpng phat trign du lich bign; Hign dai hda timg budc dpi tau khai thac hai san xa bd; 4- Kgu goi diu hi phat ttign he thdng dich vu logistic cila tinh gin kgt vdi quy hoach, hinh thanh Trung tam dich VIJ logistic ttong khu kinh tg Dinh An.
Thir bay, tang cudng hoat dpng ddi ngoai ttong hdi nhap qudc tg. Chu ddng, nang cao hieu qua hpi nhjp qude tg, hpp tac ttgn bign;
CO kg hoach hpp tac vdi cac tinh, cac nudc lan can Bign Ddng. Tiep tiic ttanh thii su hd ttp tti cac ngudn vdn ODA, cac td chiic qudc tg dg phat ttign ngudn luc, kgt cau ha ting vimg bign; tang eudng nang luc tiep can cupc Cach mang cong nghiep lan Ihti nr iing dung khoa hpc - cdng nghe Men dai phuc vu phat ttign nganh kinh tS bign, bap ve mdi ttudng, phdng chdng thien tai va thich ting vdi bign ddi khi ban, nudc bign dang ttgn dia ban tinh. Q
