Trong hd thdng tu tudng cDa ChD tjeh

TITTUUNGHOCHiMINH

VE NHAN CACH NGUVI CAN BO CACH MANG

I NGUYEN VAN CONG - LE PHAM PHinTNG LAN D

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rong hd thdng tu tudng cDa ChD tjeh Hd Chf ivlinh, nhin cich l i mdt v i n dd trung t i m trong hd g i i trj vd eon ngUdi. Cudc ddi v i si; nghidp cDa Ngudi l i mdt tam gUdng, i i bilu tupng s i n g ngdi vd phim chit v i n i n g ti^e cDa ngudi anh hDng d i n tde, danh nhin v i n hda thd gldl. Tu tudng Hd Cht Ivlinh vd nhin cich eon ngUdi l i mdt van dd cd y nghTa to tdn c i ly tuin v i thi;c tidn. Dd l i si; kdt hpp h i i hda giaa truyin thdng cDa d i n tde Vidt Nam vdi tid'p thu nhOng tinh hoa cDa nhin logi, d i e bidt l i chD nghTa nhin dgo eao c i cDa C. Mie, Angghen v i Lenin. Nhii'ng tuin giii vd nhin cich cDa Ngudi ddn nay dupc nhidu n h i khoa hpe nghidn eiJu v i nhin djnh ring: tu tudng Hd Chi Mtnh v l nhan each l i he thdng nhat, khoa hpe nhit, nhin van v i toin didn nhat. Do l i eich tidp c i n di tD nhin thDc ve nhin c i c h , cau true nhin c i c h , con dUdng hoin thien nhin c i c h , d i e blet l i ddi vdi nhin cich cDa ngudi can bd eieh mang.

1. Quan nlgm vd nhan c i c h

Ndu nhu Mgnh I D coi nhin cich la tidn thidn, eon ngUdi sinh ra vdn tfnh thidn "nhin chi sd, tfnh b i n thi$n"; Tuin TD thi ngupc Igl

"nhin chi sd, tfnh b i n i c " , ChD tjeh Hd Chf Minh lai cd cich nhln khoa hpc v i t o i n dien hdn. Ngudi ludn eho ring, con ngUdI tD khi sinh ra eh? la mdt sinh v i t , chua cd nhin eich, q u i trinh 60a trd tdn Idn v i thdng qua q u i trinh xa hdi hda thi nhin cich mdi dUpc hlnh thinh v i phit trlln. ChD tich Hd Chf Minh nhin mgnh: "NgD thi ai cung nhu lUPng thien, tfnh d i y sinh ra kd dQ hien". Quan dllm cDa Ngudi khdng t h i n thanh hda theo kieu duy t i m m i eoi nhan cich nhu l i mdt ydu td

(*) D$i hQC Nguyin Hu$, tinh Ding Nai

ddng nhit, bdi XiS iuc ehio ddl eho ddn giai dogn trudng thinh thi mdi e i nhin bao gid cQng chju si; t i e ddng cDa mdt hd thdng c i e ydu td xung quanh, ddng thdi eon ngudi cQng i i chD t h l cDa c i c hogt ddng v i glao tldp. Ddi vdi ngudi c i n bd eung v$y, ChD tjeh Hd Chf Minh ludn coi trpng ddn vide tu dUdng rdn luydn cDa mdl ngudi vdl quydt t i m cao, phit huy sDc mgnh eua y chf, ludn ti; phd binh v i phd binh d l hoin thidn b i n than.

2. Cau true nhan cdch

Ngudi c i n bd phii gdm 5 dijTe tfnh (bao gdm e i phim chit v i ning lue):

- Nhin l i that t h i thUPng ydu, het Idng giup dd ddng ehf, dong bio... s i n ldng chiu cue khd trude mpi ngudi, hudng hgnh phuc sau thien hg. Vi the m i khdng ham giiu sang, khdng e cue k h i , khdng sp uy quydn. Nhdng ngudi da khdng ham, khdng e, khdng sp gi thi vide gi l i viec phii hp ddu lam dupe.

- NghTa l i ngay thing, khdng eo tu t i m , khdng lam viec bay, khdng co vide gi phii giiu doin t h l . Ngoii Ipl fch cDa doin t h l , khdng cd Ipl fch rieng phii lo toan.

Tri la khdng cd vide gi tU tDI tim mu quing, cho ndn d i u dc trong sgch sang sudt;

dd hllu 1;^; dd tim phUdng hudng; biet xem ngudi, bidt xet viec. VI v i y m i bidt lim vide cd tpl, tranh vi$c cd hgi eho doin t h l .

- Dung l i dung eim, gan gdc, g i p vi§e gl phii cd gan l i m , thiy khuyet dilm phii ed gan sDa ehOa, ci/e khd khd khan c6 gan chiu di;ng. Cd gan chdng Igi nhOng si; vinh hoa, phD qu]^ khdng chfnh ding. Ndu c i n thi ed gan hy sinh c i tfnh m^nh cho doin t h l , cho T I qudc, khdng bao gid rgt re nhDt nhat.

- Liim l i khdng tham dja vj, khdng tham tidn t i i , khdng tham sung sudng, khdng ham ngudi t i n g bde minh. Vi v i y , ma quang minh

To chlic nhik niroc so 11/2013

ehinh dgl, khflng bao gid hd hda. Chi ed mflt edi ham Id ham hpe, ham Idm vd ham t i l n bfl.

Cp t h l Id, trong quan niflm v l nhdn cdch, Chd tjeh Hfi Chi Mlnh nhln mgnh hal thdnh t i quan trpng Id tdi vd ddc (hfing vd chuyfln), trong dd ddc Id edi gfi'c cda con ngddi, nhit Id ngddi edn bfl. Theo Ngudi, edi efit Idi, n l n tdng cda nhdn edeh ngddi cdn bfl cdeh mgng Id dgo ddc cdeh mgng. NgudI ehl rfi: "Cdng nhu sfing thl ed nguin mdl cd nudc, khflng cd ngutfn thl sfing cgn. Cdy phdl cfl gSe, khflng ed gfic thi edy hdo. NgUdi cdch mgng phdi cd dgo ddc, khflng ed dgo ddc thl dd tdi gidi m i y cDng khflng ldnh dgo ddpc nhdn ddn. VI mud'n gidi phdng eho ddn tfle, gidi phdng eho lodi ngpdi Id mflt cfing viflc to tdt, md tp mlnh khflng cd dgo dde, khflng od edn bdn, tp mlnh da hd hod. x l u xa thl edn Idm nfii viflc gl"'".

Dgo ddc cdeh mgng theo tU tudng H i Chi Mlnh Id dgo dde t i l n bfl, dgo dde edeh mgng cdg gigi d p cfing nhdn "Dgo ddc dd khflng phdl Id dgo dde thd epu. Nd Id dgo dde mdl, dao dde vT dgi, nd khflng phdi id vl danh vpng cda cd nhdn, ma vl ipi fch chung cda Ddng, cda ddn tflc, cda lodi ngudi"'^'. Dgo dde mdi khdc h i n v l chit so vdi kilu dgo ddc cd.

"Dgo ddc cd nhd ngudi d i u ngupe xutfng dit, chdn chong ifln trdi, dgo dde mdi nhu ngudi hal chdn ddng vdng dupc dudi dat dau ngIng len trdi". Dgo ddc mdi- dgo ddc cdch mgng, theo Chd tjeh Hfi Chf Minh Id quyfl't tdm s u i t ddi p h l n d i u cho Ddng, cho cdeh mgng, dd Id dieu chd chfit nhit. Rg sde Idm viflc eho Odng, gid vdng ky luflt cda Ddng, thde hifln tfit dudng ifil, chfnh sdeh eda Ddng. Dflt Ipi Ieh cda Ddng vd cda nhdn ddn lao dflng Ifln trfln, Ifln trude Ipi fch ed nhdn mlnh. H i t iflng phpc vp nhdn ddn; vl Ddng, vl nhdn ddn md dd'u tranh quen mlnh. gUPng m i u trong mpl viflc.

Chd tjeh Hfi Chi Mlnh nhln mgnh: "Khtfng ed giao dpc, khflng ed edn bfl thl eung khflng ndi gl d i n kinh t l , vdn hda". Ngudi dgy: "Mil dong ehl phdl ra sdc hpc tdp, rfln luyfln, tu dudng, edng c l ldp trudng gigi d p cflng nhdn... phdl tuyflt dfii chip hdnh dPdng Ifil, ehinh sdch cda Ddng vd Chlnh phd.- Dd cdpng vj ndo, cac dfing chi phdi ludn gUdng mdu, lufin lufin xdng ddng Id ngudi d i y td trung thdnh tdn tpy eda nhdn ddn"'".

Mflt khdc, m u l n hodn thdnh ttft nhiflm vp cda ngddi cdn bfl edeh mgng thl nhit thilt phdi ed ndng Ipe efing tdc. Quan dilm cCia Chd t|eh H I ChI Mlnh v l v i n d l ndng Ipe lufln cd tde dpng djnh hudng vd ehl dgo vifle bll dudng ndng cao ndng Ipc cda cdn bfl. Theo NgudI "cd tdl md khflng cd ddo thl vfl dgng, ciS ddc md khflng ed tdl thl Idm viflc gl edng khd*.

Do dd, v i n d l ndng Ipc cdng Id v i n d l lufln ddpc NgudI quan tdm dfle biflt. Ngudi cdn bfl ed ndng Ipe Id gl? Theo Chd tjeh H i Chf Minh, dd Id ngudi trpde h i t qudn triflt sdu sdc vd thpc hifln nghiflm ehinh quan dllm, dudng III, chlnh sdch eda Ddng, ed trinh dfl vd ndng Ipc d n thifl't d l ddm nhiflm trpng trdeh md Ddng glao phd.

3. Con dudng hlnh thdnh vd phdt trlln nhdn cdch

Nhdn cdeh khflng mang tinh b i m sinh, tiln djnh, khflng phdi Id sinh ra da ed nhdn cdch md nhdn cdch lufin dppc hlnh thdnh vd phdt triin thdng qua ede mfli trPdng nhit djnh, dilu dd php thufle theo cdc giai dogn Ida tuli, nghl nghiflp. Chd tjeh Hfi Chi Minh dd ludn gidl mflt edeh sdu sde qud trinh phdt trlln nhdn cdch theo Ida t u l i vd ddi hdi nhdng yflu d u khdc nhau eda cde dfii tupng, ngUdi cdn cdn bo cdch mgng, ngudi Idm tudng. ngudi chlnh trj vifln... thdm chi dfii vdi cdc em nhfi. ngudi gid.

TU tu dudng, rdn luydn. Ddy la con dudng quan trpng. dnh hudng trpc tllp trong viflc hlnh thdnh vd phdt trlln, hodn thifln nhdn cdeh, Id sp phdt huy nfll ipe eda mfil ngpdi.

Chd tjeh Hfi Chi Minh chi ra con dudng od bdn eho ngudi cdn bfl cdeh mgng tu vudn Ifln hodn thifln mlnh, dd Id phdi hpe tflp, rfln luyfln b i n bl s u i t ddi. D l tu dudng. rfln luyfln dgt k i t qud, ddi hdi trudc hfl't mfil edn bfi phdi nflu cao tinh t h i n d i u trgnh phfl binh vd tp phfl binh. NgUdi dgy: "Tren con dudng phdt trlln cdch mgng cda mlnh, Ddng ta, qudn dfli ta eung nhu m l i dfing ehl chdng ta lufin lufln co Uu d i l m vd khdng trdnh khfil ed khuyfl't dilm.

Chi efi khflng ngdng d i u tranh. phfl binh vd t\l phfl binh. nhfln ro ddng sal, phdt huy cdi ddng, khdc phpc cdi sal mdi cd the Idm cho mlnh, eho Ddng, cho cdch mgng tiln bo mdl"'". Chd tjeh H i Chi Minh yflu elu mfil cdn bfl, ddng vifln phdl thpdng xuyfln trau dli

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T6 c h u c nhik n u ^ c a6 11/3012

pham chit each mgng, ddng thdi phii kidn quydt chdng chD nghTa c i nhin, bal trD benh quan lieu, xa rdi q u i n ehDng, phii thi;c si; l i ngUdi d i y td, t i edng bde cDa nhin d i n . Ngudi dgy: "Mudn gdt rDa sgch nhOng vdt tfch xau xa cua xa hdi eu, mudn ren tuy^n dgo ddc each mang, thl ehung ta phii ra sCfe hpe t i p , tu dudng, ti; c i i tgo d l tidn bd mal. Ndu khdng cd g i n g dd tien bd tDc la thoii bd, l i Ige hiu"'^'. Mudn e i i tgo dUpc b i n thin d l ti;

mlnh hoan thidn nhin eieh thi mdi e i n bd phai tu nhin thiTe dupe nhOng uu dllm v i khidm khuyet cDa minh de ti; giae, ti; x i y di;ng ke hogch, dd ra mge tidu, thdi gian sDa chOa, hpc t i p , rdn luy$n, tu dudng d l hoin thidn nhin c i c h . Q u i trinh ti; hoin thidn, \{j giio dye, ti; ren luydn nhin cich khdng phil la edng viec XiJ giic nhit thdi m i la q u i trinh phan dau thudng xuydn, lien tye, eo chD djnh.

De qua trinh n i y dgt dupc kdt q u i cao, ngudi can bd phii thudng xuyen quan tam ddn die diem tam sinh ly, gan gOi n i m b i t dupe nhQng nhu c i u , nguydn vpng chinh ding cDa mpi ngudi, b i o d i m sy thdng nhat hai hda glOa Ipi ich ca nhin v i Ipi ich t i p the. Phil tich cue chu dpng eh? dgo cho mpi ngudi xay dung ke hoach phi'n dau ca nhan, chi ro nhQng diem manh, yeu eua tC/ng ngudi de lam cd sd cho hp cd kd hoach phan dau vUdn Idn, hoan thien nhin eieh. Thudng xuyen theo ddi vide thUc hidn kd hogch phin dau, ren luyen cDa c i n bd, kjp thdi dieu ehJnh ke hoach dd cho phu hpp vdi yeu cau trong tdng glai doan, tdng m i t cdng tie. Bio dam cdng bang, khieh quan trong danh gia hogt dpng ren luydn, hpc tap, edng tie, tgo dieu kien phat huy tinh tfeh cdc td giio dye, ty ren luydn, td hoin thien cDa mpl ein bp.

Phit huy vai trd cda y chi. Chu tjeh Hd Chf Minh ludn dinh g i i eao vide phit huy cao dd kha nang cDa tdng e i nhin, khac phyc mpl khd khan hoin thinh td't nhidm vy: "Khdng cd vide gi khd, ehl sp long khdng ben". Cupe ddi v i su nghidp vT dgi cDa Ngudi la b i i hpe quy gia d l giao dye cho thd he trd vd su nd lye phan dau, khdng nggi khd, nggi khd. Ndu moi ea nhin bidt rdn tuydn, phit huy y ehf eao dd thi nhat djnh thanh cdng. Bai hpe do da dupc ChD tjeh Hd Chf Minh due kdt d 4 cau thd: Ggo

dem v i o g i i bao dau ddn. Ggo gia xong rdi tring tQa bdng. Sdng 6 trgn ddi ngudI eung viy. Gian nan rdn luy^n i t thinh cdng.

Thdng qua ho^t ddng thi/c tiin. Theo ChD tjeh Hd Chf Minh, ddi vdi mdi ngUdi ein bd thi vide tu dudng rdn luy^n phii dUde thyc hidn thdng qua hogt dpng thye tiln cDa b i n thin minh; trong sinh hogt hpe t$p, chidn d i u , cdng tie, trong c i c mdi quan hd vdi T l qudc, vdi xa hdi, vdl D i n g , vdi nhin d i n v i b i n thin. Thdng qua hogt ddng thye tidn, ngudi c i n bd blet dllu chfnh hinh vl cDa minh v i cung thdng qua thye tlln phim chit nhin cich eua mdi ngudi dupc t h l hi^n rit ey t h l , phong phu, da dgng. Chu tjeh Hd Chf Minh da chi rd "Trudng ky khing chidn l i mdt vidn da thif ving dd'i vdi mdi mpt qud'c d i n , ddng thdi l i mdt trudng hpe d l rdn luydn eho c i n bp"'^'.

Chi cd thdng qua hoat ddng thyc tiln, thdng qua qua trinh tu dddng rdn luy§n cdng phu mdi cd dupe phim chit nhin cich tdt dpp va phim chat ay ngay cing dUde bdl d i p , ning cao, hoan thien. Ngudi cung khing dmh ro md'i quan he mat thiet giQa ly luin va hogt ddng thyc tien, la moi quan h$ bien chdng chit che. Thyc tien can tdi ly luin sol dudng, d i n dit, ehl dao, hudng dan, djnh hddng d l khong mac phii benh kinh nghiem; eon iy luin phai dda tren ed s6 thdc tien, phin anh thdc tien va phai ludn lidn h§ vdi thdc tien, nd'u khdng s§ m i c phii b§nh giao dieu.

Xiy dt/ng mdi trUdng linh manh. Trong thde td, 6 nhdng t i p the doan ket thd'ng nhi't phit huy dddc mat tfch eye cDa eae hlen typng tam ly xa hpl trong tap t h l , ed mdi trddng van hda lanh mgnh, thl nhSn each co didu klen d l hinh thanh va phat trlln. Chu tjeh Hd Chf Minh can dan: Phil tin tudng s i u s i e 6 Idc Idpng va trf tue oDa t i p t h l , eua nhin d i n . Ting cUdng doan kdt va giup dd tin nhau. Ning cao y thQc td chdc ky lugt.

Kidn quyd't chdng chD nghTa ca nhin va chD nghTa td do. Sd t i e ddng cDa tap t h l dd'n nhan eieh e i nhin l i rat Idn, ddng thdi c i nhin cung gdp phan xay ddng t i p t h l vdng mgnh bing pham chat, ning lyc, bing uy tfn cDa ehfnh e i nhin mlnh.

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