Nghien cOu - Trao doi
BAO VE MOI TRUdNG
trong thofi dai each mang cong nghiep 4.0
O MAI VAN TIEN Dal hgc Tii nguyen vi Mdl trudng Hi Ndi
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di vdi tinh vgc TN&MT, ve m$t mdi trudng, cich m^ng 4.0 ed tie dgng tich cgc trong ngan h$n va het sUfc tich cgc trong trung hgn vi dil h^n nhd cic dng dgng cdng nghe tiet kigm nang lugng, nguyen v$t lieu than thlgn vdi mdi trudng vi eac cdng ngh$ giam sit mdl trudng dang phat trien nhanh duge hd trg bdi Internet kit ndi v^n vit, giup thu thgp vi xCfly thdng tin lien tgc 24/7 theo thdi gian thge cung nhu dUa ra canh bio sdm ve eic tham hga thien nhidn. Da den luc phai nh$n thUc rd md hinh phit trien nio it anh hudng din mdi trudng, md hinh nao mang Igl h^nh phuc thge sg eho nhan din Vigt Nam. Theo PGS. TS Nguyen Thi Chinh - Vidn trudng Vign CL,CS TN&MT - Bd TN&MT, BVMT trong cugc each mgng 4.0 la phai "Ddi mdi cdng nghg hudng tdi phit trien kinh tixanh".Phat trien kinh te xanh nhU the nao?
SI? dgng va phat trien cic nguon nang It/gng sgch
Neu cudc each mang lan 1,2 vdi viec sLf dgng chD y l u la nguon nhien li§u hda thaeh thi Cudc each m^ng lan 3, d l dap Lifng nhu eau phat triln kinh te va tao ra nguIn nang lupng doi dao, eon ngudl da t^o ra nang lUdng tii cac phan Ung nguy§n til. Day la mdt budc nh^y vet cCia sg tien bd ve viec SLf dgng va phat triln ngucn nang Igpng. Tuy nhien, trai qua hpn 1 the kl, trude sg phat then 0 9t v l kinh te va xem nhe ve mdi trudng, ehinh vide sCf dgng nguIn nang lUdng hda th^ch, nguy§n tCf da gay ra nhieu rui ro, hilm hpa v l mdi trUdng va nhan loai. Viec dot nhi§n lieu hda th^eh tao ra khoang 2,3 ti ta'n C02 hang nam, nhUng ngUdi ta Udc tinh rang cac qua trinh tg nhi§n cd the
h i p thg phan nilfa khi thai tran, vi vay ham lupng C02 se tang 10,65 tl tan m i l nam trong khf quyln. C02 la mdt khi nha kinh lam tang luc phdng xa va gdp phan vao sg ndng len toan cau, lam eho nhiet dp trung binh b l mat cija Trai D i t tang.
Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 md ra mdt kl nguyen vdi sg phat trien thee hudng phi tuyen tinh thi nhu cau sCf dgng nang lupng eua ccn ngudi cang Idn.
Va phat trien va thay the nguon nang lUdng hda thaeh bang nang lUpng sach (nang lupng tai tao) la mdt xu t h i ta't yeu. Cac nguon nang lU0ng sach gom nang lUpng gid, nang lupng mat trdi, dia nhiet, nang lUdng sinh khdi...Hau hit cae nUde tren t h i gidi d I u quan tam d i n nguIn nang lUdng tai tao, di dau la cac nudc Au My, dUng dau la Dan Mach, Phan Lan.
Viet Nam vdi dUdng bd bien dai hdn 3.260 km, cd t i n g bUc x9 nang lupng mat trdi vao khoang 5kW/h/m2/ngay d eac tinh miln Trung va miln Nam, va vao khdang 4kW/h/m2/ngay d cac tinh mien Bac vdi trj sd tong xa kha Idn tU 100 - 175 kcai/cm2.nam, nang lUdng gid Udc tfnh khoang 500-1000 kWh/
m2/nam; nude tacd tiem nang rat Idn v l 2 ngucn nang lupng tai tao nay. Nang lupng mat trdi dUdc xac djnh la mot trong eac nguon nang lUpng ra't doi dao tai Viet Nam, viec khai thac va tan dgng cd hieu qua, ben vijfng nguon nang lUdng than thien vdt mdi trudng nay da va dang la md'i quan tam chien lUdc cDa Viet Nam cung nhu hau h i t eac nude tren t h i gidi.
Tuy nhien viec si!f dung cac nguon nang lUdng sach nay 6 nudc ta edn chUa xUng vdi tilm Tdi nguyen VQ Mdi tru'dng | Ky 2-Thing2/2019 2 1
nang cd sin, ehUa phu hdp vdi xu hudng phat triln cudc each mang lan 4. Nguyen nhan chu y l u la do han che ve nguon kinh phi dau tU ban dau, nhan thUe cija mdt bd phan nhan dan edn ft v l vai trd eua nang lUdng tai tao va rao can ve thCi tuc hanh chfnh trong viec trien khai thge hien cae dU an phat then nang lUdng tai tao tU nguon ngan sach nha nudc.
Phit trien cic cdng ngh$ it phit thai, cic san pham thin thl$n vdi mdl trudng vi ngudn nguyen ll$u mdl thay thi cho til nguyen dang c?n ki$t
Cd t h i ndi nhOng tien bd cua eon ngUdi vdi viec tad ra cac san pham than thien vdi mdi trudng, d§ phan huy, cac nguon nguyen lieu mdi va vi§c Lfng dgng khoa hpc ky thuat t^o ra cac cdng nghe san xuat hieu quli cao, it phat thai da gdp phan tfch cue trong cdng cudc phat trien kinh t l xanh, day la mdt xu hUdng dli mdi ta't y l u v l BVMT trong thdi dai eua cudc each mang 4.0.
Cg t h i nhu viec si^ dgng tui nylon d l phan huy, dUde san xua't tCf cac thanh phan hUu cd da giup BVMT, giai quyet dUde bai toan rac tui nylon va nhOng he Igy gay ra tu rac nylon khap ndi tren t h i gidi trong thdi gian qua. Hay sg phat trien cac san pham dupc lam tu nguyen vat lieu va thiet bj cd kfeh ed nano. Viec dung cdng nghe nano cd tac dung nhu mdt d#n bay lam giam thilu d nhilm mdl trudng, bao tin cac nguon tai nguydn va dieu ed ban la xay dung nen mdt nen kinh te "sach".
Tai Viet Nam cdng nghe nano cung dupe cac doanh nghiep quan tam, Ung dgng. Su tien bd cua cdng nghe nano da giup Cdng ty gom sU Minh Long tao ra dupe cae san pham gom cd dp 2 2 Tdi nguyen vd Moi tru'dng I
phang min eao, mUe dp bam dinh cgc thap. Do gom sCf Minh Long cd the dung khan la lau sach va khdng can d i n nUdc rCfa chen de tay rCfa sau khi sCf dung theo cae each thUe truyin thong. Dieu nay ed U nghTa rat Idn trong BVMT, giam bdt lupng nudc thai phat sinh.
Trong nIn kinh te xanh, d l i mdi cdng nghe theo hudng than thien vdi mdi trudng, it phat thai la mot yeu eau ta't yeu. Sg nghien cu'u d l i mdi cdng nghe san xuat da dupe cac doanh nghidp that su quan tam, phat triln va nd da dem Iai hieu qua vd cung tich cgc, khdng chi lam tang cdng suit, giam chi phi san xuat ma e#n gdp phin hieu qua trong BVMT nhu cdng nghe Silver Nano ma Sam- sung dang ap dung eho eac san pham dien tCf, dien lanh cisa m#nh nhU: may lanh, tu lanh, may giat,..; cdng nghe it phat th^i dat chuan Euro cua cac hang d td; cdng nghe san xuat sdn go he nudc gd'c nhua Polyurethane Dis- persdn (PUD) than thien mdi trudng hay cdng nghe Id cac Hdn ddng khep kin tCf quang sat den thep thanh pham (edn goi la san xua't thep tU thUdng nguon) thay eho cdng nghe Id dien ho quang - due lien tgc gay nhilu anh hudng d i n mdi trudng.
L/ng dgng cdng ngh$ thdng tin, ky thu$t sd'trong quan /j? til nguydn va mdl trudng
Ban chat cua cudc each mang 4.0 la sU phat then cija in- ternet k i t noi van vat vdi mdt he phat triln logic phi tuyen tfnh. Sg phat triln nay ed vai trd quan trong trong cdng tac quan ly tai nguyen, BVMT va biln d l i khi hau. Cac cdng nghe nay da dU0c Lfng dgng ngay cang nhieu tren the gidi. Nhu cae cdng nghe giam sat mdi trudng dang phat triln Ky 2-Thang 2/2019
nhanh dupe hd trp bdi Internet ket n l i v^n vat, giup thu thap va xCf 1^
thdng tin lien tgc theo thdi gian thge cung nhu dua ra canh bao sdm v l cac tham hpa thien nhi§n;
he thing tram quan tac thdi tilt tg ddng phgc vg dU bao, canh bao nguy cd chay rCfng. Day la mdt san pham dupe tich hpp cdng nghe mdi cua cac ITnh vUc dien, didn tLf va cdng nghd thdng tin vao tu ddng hda trong phdng chay, chOa chay rLfng mang Iai trien vpng trong quan ly thien tai, BVMT va to chufc san xua't lam nghiep chinh xac d Viat Nam.
Dae biet, vdi phan mem cap nhat diln biln rUng da dupc 86 NN&PT NT ban hanh thi dff lieu rUng, dat lam nghiep theo doi diln bien da dupc lUu trO trong mdt bd Cd s6 dO lieu trung tam, dUdc cap nhat va k i t xuat, cung d p thdng tin bao cao bat ky thdi diem nao phgc vg cdng tac quan ly, chi dao dilu hanh. Day la cdng cg hUu hidu trong quan ly tai nguyen rCfng trUde thUe trang rUng dang bj suy g\km hien nay.
Chung ta dang d thdi dgi each mang cdng nghiep 4.0, thdi d^i cua sg phat triln dga vao nang igc vd tan - dd la sg sang tao cua con ngudi. va da den luc Chung ta phai thay doi de theo kjp vdi thdi dai. Va trong cdng tac BVMT, khdng chi edn la khai thac sCf dgng tai nguyen ma phai la Lifng dung cdng nghe ky thuat cao de BVMT, tao ra cac nguon nang lUdng va nguyen lieu mdi thay t h i eho nguon tu nhian dang can kiet d l dap urng eho su phat trien lau dai trong tUdng lai.Tap trung thge hien bang nhilu g\k\
phap de phat trien kinh t l xanh la nhiem vg elt Idi eua cdng tac BVMT khi Viet Nam budc chan idn con tau 4.0.B
