Giff VUMG CHU QUYEM BIEN, OAO CUA TO QUOC TRONG TJNH HINH MCfl
NGUYEN VAN THANH n
Tdm tat: GiU vOng doc lap, chu quyen bien, dao cOa To quoe la trich nhiem cua toin Dang, toin dan, toin quin, cua ci he thong chinh tri va moi cdng dan Viet Nam, dong thdi li sU bio dip tinh cim thieng li§ng ddi vdi cic the he tien boi da xiy dUng vi gin giU To qud'c thieng lieng qua hing nghin nam. Bai viet de xuat mot so giai phip nhim giU vUng chU quyen biSn, dao To quo'c Viet Nam trong bd'i canh mdi.
TU khoa: Chu quyen bien, dio; giU vUng; Td quo'c.
Abstract: Maintaining the independence and sovereignty of the sea and islands of the country is the responsibility of the entire Party, the every citizen, the entire army, the entire political sys- tem and every Vietnamese citizen, in the meantime, it is also a repayment of sacred feeling to the previous generations who built and preserved the sacred country over thousands of years. The paper proposes solutions to maintain Vietnam's sovereignty over the sea and islands in the new international enviroment.
Keywords: sovereignty over the sea and islands;maintain;country
Ngiy nhan bii: 11/02/2020 Ngay bien tap: 20/02/2020 Ngiy duyet ding: 17/3/2020
D
e dap Qng nhu cau phat trien dia vyc sinh sdng, ngUdi Viet tU xa xUa Iudn tim each "quai de, la'n bien", "thau ehua, rQa man", bien nhQng dam lay hoang vlng, nhOng vung dat khd can ven bien thanh cac lang que phi nhieu, tru phu, Ve sau, trong cae cuoc khang chien, nhat la khang chien chdng My cQu nude, cung vdi tie'p tyc mang lai ngudn sdng, van hda, tfn ngUdng,... cho ddng bao ta thi bien va giao thdng dudng bien (dudng Hd Chf Minh tren bien) da cd ddng gdp to Idn vao sU nghiep giai phdng mien Nam, thdng nhat dat nUdc. TQ nam 1975 den nay, nhat la tQ khi doi mdi dat nQde, Ding, Nha nUdc ta eo nhieu chu trUdng, chfnh sach phu hdp de phat huy Idi the ve bien, nhd dd "kinh te bien, eac vung bien, ven bien dang trd thanh dong iQc phat trien dat nude; he thdng ket cau ha tang dUPc quan tam dau tU; ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than eua ngUdi dan eae vung bien dUdc cai thien.Nghien cQu khoa hoe, dieu tra cd ban, phat trien ngudn nhan lUe ve bien dat dQdc nhieu ket qua tich cQc. Cdng tac quan ly, khai thac, sQ dyng, bao ve tai nguyen moi trQdng bien, Qng phd vdi bien ddi khf hau, nQde bien dang
(*} Tap chi Quoe phong toan dan
dupe ehu trpng. He thdng ehfnh saeh, phap luat, bo may quan ly nha nudc ve bien tQng bude dupc hoan thien va phat huy hieu iQc, hieu q u i ; ddi sdng cua nhan dan d 28 dja phUOng CO bien dupe cai thien. Cac khu kinh te ven bien ed ddng gdp quan trpng vao tang trudng kinh te, xua't khau, tang thu ngan sach nha nUde, giai quyet viee lam""*, v.v.
Theo cac blng chQng ijch sQ va sU quan ly trdn thUe dja, cae vung bien, dao eua nUdc ta rdng, tiep giap vdi nhieu nudc. Trudc diln bien phQe tap cua tinh thd gidi va khu vyc anh hudng den hoa binh, on djnh tren Bien Ddng, Dang, Nha nQde va nhan dan ta Iudn nhlt quan chQ trUdng: "Viet Nam kien quydt, kien tri bao ve chu quyen, lanh thd, bien, d i o theo luat phap qudc te; ddng thdi tin tudng ring vln de nay se dupe giai quyet thoa dang"'^'. De gdp phan giQ vQng chu quyen bien, dao eua To qudc, ean thue hien tdt mpt sd giai phap sau:
Mot li, day manh cdng tic tuyen truyen ve chu quyen bien, dao cua Viit Nam.
Day la npi dung quan trpng nham nang eao nhan thQc, giao dye, dinh hudng tQ tQdng, hanh ddng,... giup cho mpi tang Idp nhdn dan Viet Nam va nhan dan tien bo tren the gidi hidu sau sac, day du ve chu quyen, quyen chu quyen, quyen tai phan eua Viet Nam tren
^
To chuc nha niv6c so 3/3030cac vung bidn, dao theo Cdng ude Lien hpp qudc ve Luat Bien nam 1982 (UNCLQS 1982) va Hien phap, phap luat Vidt Nam hien hanh.
Luc IQpng ndng edt thyc hien nhiem vy nay la dpi ngu edn bd, phdng vien, bien tap vien eua eac eP quan thdng tan, bdo ehi, thdng tin va truyen thdng. Ndi dung tuyen truyen can bao dam day du, toan dien, ca qua khQ, hien tai, dy bao tQdng lai va phu hpp vdi tinh hinh thye tiln, dung djnh hudng, ehi dao cua cd quan ehUe nang; cd pham vi bao qudt rdng ca trong nude, qud'c te, tren khdng gian mang va ed the tan dyng moi lye lupng, phUdng tien, mpi ITnh vye,v.v. Tap trung lam ndi bat eae bang chUng Ijch sQ ma ngudi Viet Nam da sinh sdng, xae lap ehu quyen ddi vdi eac vung bien, dao tU nghin ddi nay; cae quy djnh ve vung dac quyen kinh td, ehu quyen, quyen ehu quyen, quyen tai phan,... dUde UNCLOS 1982 quy djnh; cac quy dinh trong Hien phap, cae van ban phap ly eua Nha nude lien quan den van de nay,v.v. Can cQ ton chf, mye dfeh va the manh, mdi ed quan thdng tan, bao ehf cQ can bd, phdng vien, bien tap vien tham gia cac doan cdng tac tai cac vung bien, dao de trli nghiem thyc tidn, nang eao chat IQdng tin, bai; ddng thdi, md them cac ehuyen trang, chuyen myc, thdng tin bien, dao, tang thdi lupng phat sdng truyen thanh, truyen hinh trong viec tuyen truyen ve chu quyen bien, dao eua To qude. Can ed sy phdi hpp thdng nhat giQa eac cap tQ Trung Qdng den dja phUdng va cac nganh, nhU: tuyen giao, thdng tin va truyen thdng, van hda, the thao va du ijch, ngoai giao, giao dye va dao tao, v.v. Cae ndi dung tuyen truyen dUde thyc hien tren mpi phUdng tien, mpi ITnh vye hoat ddng; ddng thdi, sy dyng eae trang mang xa hdi de nang eao hieu qua. Thyc hien dung djnh hudng va cae quy djnh trong qua trinh tuyen truyen; kien quydt xy ly nghiem nhQng npi dung, hoat ddng Ipi dyng tuyen truyen de xuyen tae, gay mau thuan hoac kich ddng han thu dan tdc,... Inh hudng den quan he giQa eae nUdc cd vung chdng lan va eung ehung Ipi ich tren cac vung bien, dao.
Hai li, tSng cUdng dau tranh giU vUng chu quyen bien, dio cua To quoe trong cac hoat dong doi ngoai.
Day la giai phap dac biet quan trpng trong giQ vUng chu quyen bien, d i o cua To qude
thdi ky hdi nhap, qude te hda ngdy cang sau, rdng hien nay. Vi vay, can trien khai quydt liet, hidu qua Nghj quyet sd 18-NQ/TW ngdy 25/10/2017 cua Ban Chap hanh Trung QPng Dang (khda XII) ve "Mpt sd van de ve tiep tye doi mdi, s i p xep td chQe bp may cua he thdng chfnh chfnh trj tinh gpn, boat dong hieu lye, hieu qua" de kien toan, lya ehpn, bd trf can bp lam viec tai cae cd quan ed chUe nang ddi ngoai d eac nganh, cac ca'p tU Trung Udng den dja phUOng bao dam cac tieu chive pham chat, trinh dp, nang luc thuc tiln dap Qng yeu eau nhiem vy dae thu nay trong moi tinh hudng. Moi hoat ddng lien quan den ddi ngoai va ngo^i giao nhan dan can tinh tao, khdn kheo trong giai quye't eae mdi quan he song phuong, da phUdng vdi ede nude, khu vyc, vung lanh thd tren the gidi theo dydng Idi ddi ngo^i "doe lap, ty chij" cua Dang; ke't hdp ede phUdng phap da'u tranh de chij quyen bien, dao eua To qude Iudn dUOc giQ vQng trong moi dieu kien, hoan canh. The hidn dung ban ITnh, tri tue Viet Nam, phat huy tinh tich cUe, ehu ddng cua mdi cap, mdi nganh, mdi edng dan va tang Idp nhdn dan trong viee tang cQdng, md rdng quan he ddi ngoai; ehu trpng thye hien g i n phat trien kinh te - xa hdi vdi tang eudng qude phdng, an ninh va hoat ddng ddi ngoai; ndng eao hieu qua hop tac, hpi nhap qudc te ve bien; kien quydt, kien tri dau tranh bao ve chu quyen, quydn chiJ quyen, quyen tai phan va cac Idi ich hdp phap, ehinh dang tren eac vung bidn, dao eua Td qudc.
Tren cO sd UNCLOS 1982, ede chUng cU Ijeh sQ va cae bd luat hien hanh de giai quye't hieu qua nhQng tranh chap, bat ddng tren ckc vung bien, dao bang cac bien phap hoa binh, tQ dd tao mdi trUdng hda binh, dn djnh, hpp tae, phat trien. Mdi ed'p, mdi ngdnh theo chUe nang, nhiem vu eija minh, chu ddng tham muu eho Oang, Nha nude tang eudng mdi quan he vdi ode ddi tac chien lupc, ddi tac toan dien vk cae nUde ban be truyen thdng, eac nude ed tiem luc ve bien, eac nUde ed ehung Ipi ich tren bien theo nguyen tie: "Ton trpng dpe lap, chu quyen, binh dang, cung ed Idi va phu hpp vdi luat phap qudc te va UNCLOS 1982". Chu dong, tich cpc tham gia eac diln dan qud'c te vd bien, nhd't la d cae nude ASEAN; phdi hdp chat che vdi cac nudc de cung thyc hien day du Tuyen bd ve Ung xQ cua eae ben tren Bien To chlic nha nuoc so 3/3030
O
D d n g ( D O C ) , thue day viec ky Bp quy t i e Ung xii tren Bien D d n g ( C Q C ) . G i n nhiem vy bao ve c h u q u y e n bien, d a o vdi day m a n h h d p tac q u d c te va khu v y e trong nghien cQu khoa hoe ve b i e n , q u a n ly tai n g u y e n , b i o ve m d i t r u d n g , phat trien ed s d ha t a n g , ngudn n h a n luc, Qng d y n g khoa hpe, c d n g nghe hien dai v a o cac nganh kinh te bien va p h d n g , c h d n g thien tai, thfeh Qng vdi bien ddi khf h a u , nUde bien dang,v.v.
Ba ii, tang eudng tiem luc, the tran bao ve vUng chic chu quyen bien, dao trong moi tinh hudng.
C h u q u y e n , q u y e n c h u q u y e n , q u y e n tai p h a n tren cae v u n g b i e n , d a o eua nUde ta ehi ed the d u p e b a o ve vQng c h l e khi t i e m lye, t h e tran va s y c m a n h c u a dat nude cd du kha n a n g xQ ly tdt m o i tinh h u d n g xay ra. C u n g v d i phat huy sQc m a n h thdi dai bdi sQ d d n g tinh, Qng h o , giup d d c u a cae nQde, cac td chQc, luc lupng va t a n g Idp nhan dan tidn bp tren the gidi, cac ca'p, bp, ban, n g a n h , dia phUdng tren ca n u d c c h u d o n g tham mUu cho D a n g , Nha nQde xdy d y n g khu v y e phdng thij vQng chae, thQdng x u y e n c u n g c d , giQ vQng "the tran long d a n " , tao s y d d n g thuan cao n h a m phat huy tdi da sQe m a n h khdi dai d o a n ket toan dan tpc trong phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, tang cUdng qude p h d n g , an ninh, bao ve vQng chae toan v e n dpe lap chu quyen T d q u d c trong tinh hinh m d i ; tich eye trien khai thQc hien tdt dQdng Idi, ede nghi quye't, chf thj c u a D a n g ve bao ve To q u d c . D d l vdi 28 tfnh, thanh p h d true thuoc T r u n g Qdng c d bien, c a n ket hdp ehat che nhiem vy phat trien ben vQng kinh te bien vdi xay dUng h u d n g phong thu bien vQng chae, ehu d o n g chuan bj tiem luc va the tran chien tranh n h d n d a n , dap Ung y e u c a u tac chien ca tren bp v a tren bien (khi cd tinh huong), Luc lupng vu trang dja phUdng ket hdp vdi lye lUdng vQ trang d d n g q u a n tren cac v i i n g bien, d a o thQdng x u y e n ra soat, luyen tap cac p h u o n g a n , k d hoach s i n sang ehien d a u ; e h u a n bi day du ngudn nhan luc, tau t h u y e n , phUdng tien,... Kien quyet, kien tri dau tranh va tao dieu kien thuan Ipi ve mpi mat tren thye dja lam ehd dUa vQng chae cho ngu dan vUdn khdi bam bien khai thae ngudn Idi tQ bien, g d p p h a n tao nen sQc m a n h t d n g hdp tren cac mat tran trong d a u tranh bao v e , giQ vQng chu q u y e n cae v u n g bien, d a o c u a To q u d c .
Bd'n li, ket hdp tdt edng tic tS chiSc vi cong tic chinh sich trong thue hi&n nhiem vy bao ve, giU vUng chu quyen bien, dio cOa To qud'c.
Ckc ed quan chQe nang tU T r u n g Qdng den dja phuong c a n kien toan he t h d n g to chQe, bd tri lye lupng, phUPng tien va ckc didu kien dam bao eho cac v u n g b i e n , cac huyen d a o phu hdp vdi thuc t i l n , du kha nang dau tranh tren thUe dja, b i o ve vOng ehae c h u q u y e n , quyen c h u q u y e n , quyen tai phan eua nUde ta. Ra soat, b d sung va tiep tue thUc hien tdt cac chfnh saeh uu dai ddi vdi q u a n va dan sinh s d n g , hpe tap, edng tac tren cac hdn dao; cac chinh sach uu dai ddi vdi ngU d a n sdng bang nghe vUPn khdi d a n h b i t , khai thac hai s i n . C a c dia phUdng v e n bien, tryc tiep q u a n ly dao va cae q u a n d a o chu d d n g tham mUu eho D a n g , Nha nude sQ d y n g cac ngudn kinh phi tQ ngan sach nha nude v a phat huy tinh than
"xa hpi hda" de eung vdi q u a n , dan ca nudc hudng ve bien, d a o .
C a n t a n g cUdng dau t u ha t a n g , c d sd vat chat, cai thien ddi s d n g sinh hoat tren cac hon d a o , n h u nghien cQu eac dieu kien ve trong cay, tang gia, c h a n nudi, phat trien kinh t l , phat trien eae ed s6 y t e , giao d y e , cd s6 t6n giao... bao d a m eae ddn vi hanh chinh trdn d a o hoat d o n g hieu qua tUdng xQng vdi sU phat trien kinh te - xa hpi eua dat nude. Cac dja phQdng ven bien va eac n g a n h , eae cap can ra seat, bo s u n g , dieu chfnh tieu chf lUa ehpn, bao d a m c u n g c a p cac djch v u , sam pham ed ehat IQdng cao cho q u a n va dan dang sinh s d n g , hoc t a p , edng tac tren cac dao, gdp phan v a o viee b a o v e , giQ vQng chu quyen bien, d a o e u a T d qude./.
(1) Den het nam 2017, ca nudc c6 17 khu kinh te ven bien dQdc thanh lap, tdng dien tich gan 845.000 ha, thu hut khoang 78.6 ty USD von dau tU; CO 58 khu cong nghiep tap trung ven bien, tdng dien tich dat cong nghiep gan 13.600 ha.
(2) Phat bidu cua Thu tudng Chfnh phD N g u y i n Xuan Phuc tai Hp/ nghi cip cao ASEAN 35 va chuyin giao vai trd Chij tich ASEAN nam 2020 cho Viet Nam (td chUc tai Thai Lan tU ngay 02 den 04/11/2019).
