NGHIEN CLfu KHOA HOC
^T
Tac dung cua Beta-Glucan
trong u'ang nuoi ca loc bong
n Nguyen Thanh Tarn va Nguyen Thj Kim Nguyet Khoa Sinh hgc img dung, Dai hoc Tdy Do
K
ha nang mien dich ciia ca gidhg cd tac dung rat quye't dinh dd'i vdi ke't qua ciia hoat ddng nudi sau nay. Ca gid'ng cd he thd'ng mien dich ye'u se de bi nhiem benh, ty le che't trong qua trinh nudi cao, hieu qua nudi thap.Da cd nhieu cdng trinh nghien Cliu trong va ngoai nudc ve cac phucmg phap tang cucmg kha nang mien dich ciia dd'i tugmg nudi khdng dimg vac xin, nhu sir dung eac djch ehiet tir thao duoc vira cd tae dung cung cap dinh dudng vira tang kha nang mien dich cho ca, hay sir dung vi sinh de khang benh tren ca (Nguyen Thanh Tam va CTV, 2011),...
Muc tieu nghien CLPU Xac dinh tac dung eua Beta- glucan Ien tang trudng, ty Ie sd'ng va kha nang mien dich ciia ea ldc bdng gid'ng.
Beta-gluean la la chat kieh thich mien dich manh, ed nhieu cdng dung hd trp phdng chd'ng khd'i u, Iam giam cholesterol va chat beo trung hnh, dieu hda lugng dudng trong mau, chiia lanh ve't thuong, giam stress va cang thang keo dai, lam tre hda lan da va cd nhieu lgi ieh khac. Day cung la mgt trong nhung chat bo sung quan trgng de tang cudng siic khde va kha
Hinh 1 . ca loc bong
nang mien dich cho ca (Vaclav Vetvicka, 2011).
Noi dung nghien ciru Theo ddi su tang trudng va ty lp sdhg, danh gia kha nang mien dich thdng qua su bie'n ddng ciia bach cau trong mau ciia ca ldc bdng giai doan tir 20 de'n 55 ngay tudi.
Vat lieu va phu'ang phap nghien cuu
Nguon cd loc bong Ca ldc bdng cd khd'i lugng ban dau 1,01-1,07 g/con, mua tir trai gid'ng ea Idc Tu Thanh d Cdn Long Khanh, huypn Hdng Ngu, tinh Dong Thap.
Beta-glucan
Sir dung san pham thuong mai dang vien nang, 100 mg/
vien, hop 40 vien do Tgp doan Dugc pham St.Andrevi's, Vucmg qude Anh san xua't.
Phuang phdp nghien ciht Chudn bi giai uang: Dimg 18 giai (0,25 m^/giai), dat vao ao
ucmg thanh ba hang theo chieu ngang cua ao, cd' dinh bang cpc tre va day thep. Giai cd nap day bang ludi d phia tren de tranh ca thoat ra ngoai va tranh ca tir ben ngoai nhay vao trong giai.
Thiec dn: Thiic an cho ca la ca tap phoi rao nudc rdi xay nhuyen.
Bo tri thi nghiim: Chia ca Iam 6 Id, gdm 1 Id dd'i ehiing va 5 Id thi nghiem, mdi Id 30 ea the ca chgn ngau nhien, mat do tha ca 120 ca the/m^ Ca dd'i chiing cho an thiic ankhdng bdsung Beta-glucan. Ca thi nghiem cho an theo 5 nghiem thiic thiic an vdi 5 miic bd sung Beta-glucan theo pha'n tram khdi lugng thiic an ciia ca Idc bdng:
Nghiem thuc NTl (0,1%); NT2 (0,2%); NTS (0,3%); NT4 (0,4%);
NTS (0,5%). Mdi nghipm thiic lap Iai 3 lan. Thi nghiem keo dai trong 5 tuan.
Qudn ly vd chdm soc Cho ca an 2 lan/ngay liic 8h va 16h. Lugng thiic an bang 10%
khd'i lupng than. Trong thdi gian
SH / S 6 1 5 6 ,< THANG 12)2012
NGHIEN COU KHOA HOC
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thi nghipm quan sat cac hoat dgng boi lgi va kha nang bat mdi eua ca de xii ly kip thdi khi cd da'u hipu bat thudng xay ra.
Vl thiic an la ea tap xay nhuyen nen c&i cd san an de dieu ehinh lugng thiic an, tranh de thiic an thira Iam anh hudng deh mdi trudng nude.
Cdc chi tieu theo doi Chi tieu moi trudng: Mdi ngay do cac chi tieu ve nhipt dp, pH va Oxy 2 lan vao liic 6 gid sang va 14 gid chie'u.
Chi tieu cua cd: Xac dinh khd'i lugng va chieu dai ca khi bat dau thi nghiem bang can dien tii vdi dp chinh xac 0,01g va thudc kep vdi dp chinh xac 0,1 mm. Khi ke't thuc thi nghiem, thu toan bp ca d timg giai de dem, can, do nham xac dinh ty le sd'ng va su tang trudng ciia ca.
• Ty le sdng (SR) (%) = (Td'ng so ca cud'i ciing/Tdng sd' ca ban dau)X100
• Tang trudng trgng lugng theo ngay (DWG) (g/ngay) - (Wt - Wd)/t
• Td'c dp tang trudng dac biet (SGR) (%/ngay) = [(InWt - InWd) X 100]/t
• Tang trudng chieu dai theo BSng 3.Ty le song cua ca thi nghiem
B^ng 2. Su bien d6ng cac yeu to moi tru'dng nifdc trong qua trinh thi nghiem Chi tieu moi tnrdng nuoc
Nhiet dp ("C) p H Oxy (mg/I)
Sang 29,0±0,6
7,8±0,2 3,9±0,3
Chieu 30,0±0,8
7,9±0,1 4,8±0,4 Ghi chu: Gid tri the hien la so trung b'mh va do lech chudn
Ngtii^m thuc
DC 1 2 3 4 5
% beta-glucan trong thiic an
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5
Ty Ie sdng
S5,5±16,0' 91,0112,0' 90,5±5,0' 90,3±12,0''
80,0±7,4i>
75,0±8,9' GtilchtJ- Gid tri the hien la so (rung binh vd dd lech chudn.
Cdc giti tri trin cung mdt cot c6 cac chit cdi khdc nhau tbi khdc biet coy nghia thdng (p < 0,05).
ngay (DLG) (em/ngay) = (Lc - Ld)/t
• Td'c do tang trudng dge biet (SGR) (%/ngay) = [(InLt - InLd) X 1001/t
Trong do: Wd: Khoi lucmg ban ddu cua cd (g); Wt: Khoi luong cd tai thai die'm t (g);Ld: Chieu ddi ban ddu cua cd (cm); Lt: Chieu ddi cd tai thai die'm t (cm); t: Thai gian thi nghiem (ngdy).
Chi tieu huyet hoc De'm so Iugng bach cau bang budng de'm Neubaeur va dua tren phuong phap xac dinh bach cau cua Larsen va Snieszko (1961).
Xu ly solieu
Sd lieu thi nghiem dugc xir ly bang phan mem Microsoft Excel va SPSS 16.0.
Ket qua va thao luan Chi tieu moi truang nuac Vi cac nghiem thiic cua thi
nghiem duoc bo tri trong cimg mpt ao nen su bie'n ddng nhiet dp, pH va Oxy giiia cac nghiem thiic la tuong duong nhau va deu nam trong gidi han thich hgp cho su phat trien aia ca Idc
bdng gidhg.
Ty le song cua cd Ty le sd'ng cua ca sau 5 hian uong dupe trinh bay trong bang 3.
Bang 3 cho tha'y, ty le sd'ng cua ca d NTl dgt cao nha't (91,0%). Ty le sd'ng ciia ca cac nghiem thirc cdn lgi tuong iing la NT2, NT4, NTS va NT6 Ian lugt bSngNT2(90,5%), NT3(90,3%), NT4(80,0%) va NT5(75,0%). Cac gia tri ty le sd'ng nay deu cao hon h3n ca trong Id dd'i chiing (55,4%), khae biet cd y nghla thd'ng ke (p <
0,05). Dieu nay ehung td bd sung beta-Iucan vao thiic an vdi lieu luong hpp ly ed tac dung Iam tang ro rpt ty le sd'ng ciia ca ldc bdng gidng.
Chi tieu khoi luang ca Td'c dg tang trudng khd'i Iugng ciia ea sau 35 ngay thi nghiem dugc the hien d bang 4.
Bang 4 cho tha'y, khd'i lugng trung binh ciia ca d cud'i thi nghiem od su khae biet rd ret giiia cac nghiem thiic. Ca d NTS ldn nhat (6,89g), ke den la NT4 (6,37g), NT3 (6,19g), NT2 (5,82g), NTl (5,53g) va tha'p nha't la ca dd'i chimg (5,15g). Khdi lugng ciia ea d NTS khac bi^t cd y nghia thd'ng ke (p < 0,05) so vdi NTl, NT2 va Id dd'i ehimg. Tuong tv, td'c dg tang trudng khd'i lugng theo ngay ciia ca d NTS la cao nha't (0,17 g/ngay) va thap nhat
NGHIEN CLAJ KHOA HOC
AT
Bdng 4. Toe do tang trL/dng khoi iuong cua ca thf nghi&m N T
D C 1 2 3 4 5
W d ( g ) 1,06+0,48- l,07±fl,47"
1,01±0,47' l,04dfl,41"
1,01±0,50- 1,02±0,46-
W , ( g ) 5,15±2,69' 5,53±2,24*
5,82+2,15*=
6,19±2,73i'«i 6,37+3,43""
6,89±2,11'>
D W G ( g / n g a y ) 0,12+0,002- 0,13±0,001t 0,14+0,003' 0,15+0,003"
0,16+0,004'i 0,17+fl,007-
S G R ( % / n g a y ) 4,51+0,021- 4,69+0,006' 5,00+0,040- 5,10+0,046-' 5,25+0,050- 5,45+0,091'
tang S.Toc do tang trit^ng chiej dai cOa ca NT
DC 1 2 3 4 5
Ld (cm) 4,85±0,69- 4,91+0,69- 4,86+0,67- 4,92+0,66- 4,93+0,76- 4,88+0,70-
Li(cm) 8,24+1,46- 8,42+1,29*
8,63+1,10-'- 8,71±l,29''"i 8,88+1,28"!
9,11+1,02-'
DLG (cm/ngay) 0,096+0,004- 0,10ttt0,002"
0,108+0,001' 0,108+0,003'- 0,113+0,003- 0,121+0,003-'
SGR (%/ngay) 1,50+0,58- 1,50+0,58- 1,54+0,19- 1,54+0,19- 1,68+0,30' 1,79+0,36- Gtii chil Gid tn tl^etiien 16 so tiung binh va 3d lech chuan Cac gm tri trm cdng mot cc CO cdc chil cdi khdc nhau thi khac biit co f nghia th6ng ke (p < 0,05).
Ghi chO: Gid tn thihiSn la s6 trung binh va do lech chudn.
Cac gid tn tren citing mot cot co cdc chQ cdi khac nhau thi l<hdc biet coy nghio thong k& (p < 0,05).
6 Id dd'i chiing (0,12 g/ngay). Td'c do tang trudng khd'i lupng trung binh theo ngay d NTS khac biet cd y nghia thd'ng ke (p < 0,05) so vdi cac NT cdn lai. Td'c do tang trucjng dac biet cua ca tha'p nha't la d Id dd'i chiing (4,51 %/ngay) va cao nhat d NTS (5,45 %/ngay).
Chi tieu chieu ddi cd Chieu dai ciia ca d cud'i thi nghiem cd su khac biet rd ret.
Trong do chieu dai trung binh ciia ca d NTS ldn nha't (9,11 cm/
con), ke den la NT4 (8,88 cm/
con), NT3 (8,71 cm/con), NT2 (8,63 cm/con), NTl (8,42 cm/con) va tha'p nha't d Id dd'i chiing (8,24 cm/con). Chieu dai cud'i trung b'mh cua ca d NTS khac biet cd y nghia thd'ng ke (p < 0,05) so vdi DC, NTl va NT2.
Ddng thdi, td'c dp tang trudng trung b'mh theo ngay cua ca dat caonha't(0,121 ±0,003 cm/ngay) d NTS, ke deh la NT4 (0,113 ± 0,003 cm/ngay), NT3 (0,108 0,003 em/ngay), NT2 (0,108 0,001 cm/ngay), NTl (0,100 ± 0,002 cm/ngay) va tha'p nhat d Id dd'i chimg (0,096 ± 0,004 cm/ngay).
Giiia Id DC va cac NT khac deu cd su khac biet cd y nghia thd'ng ke (p < 0,05). Ngoai ra, td'c dp tang trudng dac bipt trung binh
cua ca cao nha't (1,79 ± 0,36 %/
ngay) d NTS, ke den la NT4 (1,68
± 0,30 %/ngay), N3 (1,54 ± 0,19 %/
ngay), NT2 (1,54 + 0,19 %/ngay), tha'p nha't la NT 1 (1,50 ± 0,58 %/
ngay) va NTDC (1,50 ± 0,58 %/
ngay). Khi so sanh thd'ng ke cho tha'y cd su khac biet cd y nghia (p
< 0,05) giiia NT4, NTS vdi nhiing NT cdn Iai.
Tir ke't qua ve tang khd'i lugng va chieu dai, cd the tha'y bo sung Beta-glucan vao thiic an giiip ca tang trudng nhanh hon va su tang trudng ciia ca tang dan theo su ham lupng Beta-glucan bd sung trong thtic an. Dieu nay cd the giai thich bang tac dung cua Beta-gluean tang tinh mien dich, die'u hda trao dd'i cha't, giam stress, giup ea hit mdi td't hon nen ca phat tnen ddng deu, tang trudng chie'u dai va khd'i lugng nhanh hon ca dd'i chiing.
Bang 6. So Iu'ang bach cau trong mau ca N T
D C 1 2 3 4 5 6
So lui^ng b?ch cau (x 10' mm-')
18,03 19,07 19,08 20,03 20,04 20,10 20,28
Chi tieu huye't hoc Bang 6 cho tha'y so Iupng bach cau trong mau ciia ca d Id dd'i chung tha'p hon so vdi ca d cac Id cd bd sung Beta-glucan vao thiic an. Weinreb (1958) ciing cho bie't khi bo sung chat kich thich tang he sd' mien dich trong thiic an cho ea hdi thi lugng te bao bach cau trong mau ca ding tang theo.
8 THJONG MAI T K I V SAN I Sfi 156 /
NGHIEN CQU KHOA HOC
^i
Ket luan
Bd s u n g Beta-glucan vao thiic an u o n g ca Idc b d n g giiip l a m t a n g ty lp sdng, td'c d o tang t r u d n g chieu d a i va khoi l u g n g va h e so m i e n dich ciia ca.
To'c dd t a n g khd'i luijng va chieu dai cua ca d n g h i e m thirc S (0,5%) dgt cao nha't (0,168 g/ngay va 0,121 e m / ngay) va khac biet cd y nghia thd'ng k e (p < 0,05) so vdi N T l , N T 2 va N T 3 . Ty 1? sd'ng cua ca Ldc Bdng sau 35 n g a y thi nghiem d a t cao nha't d n g h i e m thirc 1 (91,0%).
Tuy n h i e n , n h a n tha'y s u k h a c biet khdng ldn giiia cae ehi tieu t a n g khd'i lugng va chieu d a i eua ca t r o n g cac nghipm thirc NTS (0,5%) va N T 2 (0,2%) va can n h a c v d i gia t h a n h san xua't, cd the lua c h g n b d s u n g 0,2%
Beta-gluean t r o n g khd'i l u g n g thiie an d e u o n g ca ldc b d n g gid'ng d e tang ty Ie sd'ng va thiic d a y q u a t r i n h tang t r u d n g n h a n h h o n k h i u o n g ca gidng. •
Tai lipu tham khao
1. Kumari j andPKSahoo, 2006. Dietary
^l,3ghican potentiates initnte immunity and disease resistance af Asian Catfish (clarias batrachus) joumal offish disease. 29 (2): 95- 101
L. Nguyen Thanh Tam, Dang Thi Thu Tliao, Sunee Nitisinprasert, Kenji Sonomoto and Nguyen Van Ba, 2011. Evaluated inhibition of Edwardsiella ictalun by Lactic and bacteria, journal of Vietfish International.
12(1); 01-02.
3. Pravdin. 1F. 1973. Huang d&n nghien cuu cd (Pham Minh Giang dich). NXB Khoa hgc kg thuat Hd Not.
4. Vaclav Vetvicka, 2011. Glucaii- immunostimulant, adjuvant, potential drug.
World I Clin Oncol 2011 February 10; 2(2):
115^119.
Nuor ca loc bong
