Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM SS 46 nam 2013
MI - CAMBODIA - TRUNG QUOC VA NHU'NG TAC DpNG TlT MOI QUAN HE N A Y
TRAN XUAN HIEP'
TOM TAT
NhOng loan tinh ciing chiin luge Idu ddi ciia Trung Qudc vd Ml Irong quan hi vdi Cambodia khong ehi Idc dgng sdu sdc din chinh sdch ddi ngogi cua chinh quyen Phnom Penh md cdn dnh hudng da chiiu din quan hi qudc li Irong khu vuc Bdng Nam A, Irong do cd Viit Nam. Bdi viit nhdm ldm ro han vi tri chiin luac cua Cambodia trong mdi quan hi vdi Mi vd Trung Qudc, ddng thdi gop phdn lim hiiu them nhimg loan tinh khd ludng cua cdc cudng qudc tgi khu vuc ndy.
Tirklida: Trung Qudc, MT, Cambodia, quan he qudc te, khu vuc.
ABSTRACT
Cambodia in relations with the United States and China
Intentions and long-term strategies of both China and the U.S. impact deeply not only on Cambodia's foreign relations policy but also on international relationships in the Southeast Asian region, including Vietnam The article aims lo clarify the strategic position of Cambodia in relations with the United Slates and China, as well as studies the unpredictable intentions of powerful nations in the region.
Keywords: China, the United States, Cambodia, international relations, region.
1. Gidi thieu
Trong giai doan hien nay, tinh hinh the gidi va khu vyc cd nhieu bien chuyen phirc tap, bSn canh xu hudng hda binh hgp tac, van cdn xay ra nhiing xung dot cang thang, tiem an nhimg nguy ca bit dn. The gidi dang ngay cang hdi nhap sau hon trong sy phat triln da chilu, trong khi do, tai khu vyc Chau A - Thai Binh Duong hay Ddng Nam A vin tdn tai va ngay cang xuit hien nhilu thach thiic, nhat la su hien dien va tranh gianh anh hudng cua cac nude Idn. Mgt mat, iam cho quan he cac nude trong khu vyc, trong dd cd quan he Cambodia - Viet Nam xich lai gin nhau dl ddi phd vdi
ThS, Trudng B?i hoc Duy Tan, Bi NSng
nhiing thach thire tir ben ngoai, mat khac lam eho nhiing mdi quan he nay cang tro nen khd khan ban vi sy Men dien cua ck nude Idn tai Cambodia di kem vdi nhiing toan tinh chinh tri khd ludng. Do dd, vSn de nay dugc dac biet quan tam, nh3m tang cudng thiic day quan he hgp tac song phuang, ciing nhu thich nghi nhanh vdi sy bien ddi trong quan he qudc te o thdi dai ngay nay nham bao ve nhihig thanh qua dat dugc.
2. Cambodia trong quan he vdi M!
Ddng Nam A tir rit sdm da la dia ban tranh gianh anh hudng cua cae nude Idn. Tir thdi can dai, cudng qudc phuong Tay da timg budc xam nhap vao khu viic diy tilm nang nay. Din thdi hien dai, cac nude thuc dan cu va mdi tang cudng H!
hien dien va xam luge. Hidn nay, khi
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Tran Xuan Hiep
Ddng Nam A dang trd thanh khu vuc phat tridn nang ddng ciia thd gidi thi nai day lai trd thanh dia ban chidn lupc quan trpng de cac nude thyc thi nhiing toan tinh mang tinh toan cau. Cambodia nim d vi tri trung tam ciia Ddng Nam A, ciing vdi Viet Nam, Lao hinh thanh cua ngd an ngii eon dudng xuydn A. Dgc biet, Cambodia trd thanh "con bdi" de cac nude thuc hien y dd ldi keo qudc gia nay vao vdng kidm tda va lam ban dap de thue hien vide md rdng anh hudng kinh te - chinh tri len loan bd khu vuc. Cd the khang dinh vi the chidn lupc cua Ddng Nam A ndi chung va cua Cambodia ndi rieng trong chinh sach ddi ngoai eua cac nude Idn la mdt didm nhan can dupe quan tam.
Trong tinh hinh the gidi hien nay, khi qua trinh hdi nhgp ngay cang dupe xiic tidn nhanh, ngogi giao da phuang ngay.cang giu vi tri quan trpng, gdp phan nang cao vj thd mdi nude tren trudng qudc td. Y thiic dupe van dd nay, Cambodia thuc hien dudng ldi ddi ngoai, hda binh, ddc lap tu chii, hiiu nghi vdi cdng ddng cac qudc gia, dan tdc. Mdt mat phat huy ndi luc, mat khac tan dung lpi thd qudc td dd day nhanh qua trinh ddi mdi xay dung dat nude. Vdi li do dd, Cambodia da tich cue tham gia vao eac td
;hue khu vuc va qudc te: Lidn hiep qudc j[UN), Td chiic thucmg mai thd gidi fWTO), Phong trao cac qudc gia khdng [idn ket, Hiep hpi cac qudc gia Ddng l^am A (ASEAN)... Ngoai ra, cung vdi
|(;ac nude Ddng Nam A khac, Cambodia jidn tham gia dd xuat va la thanh vien eiia jjac td chiic tidu khu vuc nhu: Tam giac
phat trien Cambodia - Viet Nam - Lao, Hop tac Tieu viing sdng Mekong md rdng (GMS), Hpp tac bdn nude Cambodia - Lao - Viet Nam - Myanmar (CLVM), Td chiic chien lupc hop tac kinh te Ayeyarwady Chao Phraya - Mekong (ACMECS). Nhiing hpp tae da phuang nay mdt mat da cung cd, nang cao vi thd cila Cambodia, tao ra the ca dpng linh hoat trong quan he qudc td, cd lpi cho vide bao vd dpe lap tu chii ciing nhu cdng cudc xay dung dat nude. Mat khac, qua trinh hpp tac da phuang eiing tao CP hpi cho Cambodia cd thdm tieng ndi cung nhiing cam ket chung trong vide giai quyet cac van de tpan cau va khu vuc, qua dd, tang cudng han niia vai trd qudc gia trdn trudng qudc te.
Hien nay, vide tang cudng vai trd anh hudng cung vdi nhiing toan tinh chinh tri cua cac nude Idn dang iam gia tang nhung mdi lo ngai cho quan he song phuang va da phuang giiia cac qudc gia trong khu vuc. Ben cgnh vide tao ra
"ludng gid m&i" thiic day ndn kinh td cac nude Ddng Nam A phat tridn mgnh hon, thi mat trai cua van dd la lam cho nhieu qudc gia trong khu vuc budc phai chiu su chi phdi rat Idn tu cac nude nay.
Cambodia, mdt trong nhiing qudc gia cham phat tridn nhat khu vue lai la nude chiu nhidu tac ddng chi phdi tii ben ngoai, nhat la ciia cac nude phuang Tay, Ml, Trung Qudc. Didu nay lai tae dpng rat Idn ddn vide hoach dinh va thuc thi chidn lupe ngoai giao ciia Cambodia, cung nhu anh hudng khdng nhd ddn quan he Cambodia vdi cac nude trong khu vuc.
Tap cht KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM 5"^' 46 nam 2013
Vdi Ml, tu lau chau A - Thai Binh Duong da trd thanh dia ban chidn lupc khdng thd tu bd trong chinh sach ngoai giao toan cdu ciia minh. Trong Bao cao chien lupc Ddng A nam 1998 neu rd chidn lupc an ninh khu vuc chau A - Thai Binh Ducmg, khSng dinh MT se tiep tuc duy tri su hien didn d vung tidn tuydn chau A - Thai Binh Duang, coi dd nhu la
"mot nhdn td ca bdn trong bo tri luc luang cua Mi". Day la mot trong nhiing ydu td giup MT cd thd phan iing nhanh ddi vdi nhung khiing hoang mang tinh toan cau, ngan chan su phat sinh cua chii nghTa ba quydn khu vuc, tang cudng anh hudng tgi khu vuc. Tu nhiing muc tidu de ra nhu trdn, MT tidp tuc duy tri nhiing mdi lien he chinh thiic va phi chinh thiic ddi vdi khu vuc nay. Ridng Ddng Nam A:
"Loi ich chien luac cua Mi & Ddng Nam A la tap trung vdo viec phdt trien cdc quan hi kinh ti, an ninh song phuang vd khu vuc, hd tra ngdn chgn vd gidi quyet xung dot, tdng cu&ng su tham gia vdo tien trinh phdt triin kinh te cua khu vuc"
[8].
Ddi vdi Cambodia, MT dac biet coi trgng tam quan trgng cua qudc gia nay trong chiin luge tilp can khu vuc. Do dd,
"neu nhin nhdn Cambodia nhu mot thdnh vien ddy du cua ASEAN - mot doi tdc kinh ti Idn cua Mi thi moi quan he song phuang ndy gia mot vai tro quan trqng trong viec giup Mi duy tri su dinh Uu todn diin vdi ASEAN nhdm ddm bdo tiip can vdi khu vuc Ihi trudng quan trgng ndy, mgt viec ldm ngdy cdng kho khdn doi vdi cdc quoe gia ngodi khu virc nhu Mi" [6, tr.26]. Qua dd, cd thi khjng dinh
Vuong qudc Cambodia cd tam quan trgng trong ehiln luge khu vuc ciia MT, dac biet la y dd dua ASEAN vao khu vuc anh hudng cua MT. Washington cung dS thanh lap nhdm "Nhirng ngudi bgn cim Cambodia " nham tao ra su iing hd quoe te ddi vdi chinh sach "can thiep linh hogt" ciia ASEAN. Trgng tam shinh sach ddi ngoai ciia MT ddi vdi Cambodia la tip trung vao viec giiJ cho dit nude nay hoa binh, dn dinh, dan ehii va phat trieni Quan trgng han la khdng de Cambodiji.
rai vao "6c ddo " ciia bit cii mdt qudc gia.
nao trong khu vuc.
Vl kinh tl, Cambodia hoan toan dua vao vien trg qudc tl. Ngudn vien tro nay chilm hon mdt nita ngan sach nha nude. MT la nude vien trg eho Cambodia Idn thir ba sau Nhat Ban va Australia Nam 1992, MT xda bd lenh cim van d6i vdi Cambodia va thuc hien binh thuimg hda quan he vdi nude nay. Ddng thdi, Mi eho phep cac edng ti MT ki hgp ddng m van phdng dai dien, ki Hiep dinh thuong mai vdi Cambodia. Nam 1996, long thdng Clinton da ki dao luat ehinh thitc cho Cambodia hudng quy che toi hue qudc (MFN), mdt dieu hiem thay doi viii bat cir mgt qudc gia nao tren the gidi. Mi ciing keu ggi eac td chirc tai ehinh quoe tl (international financial organizatioilj) va Ngan hang thi gidi (WB) vien trg cho Cambodia [4, tr.l7]. Ddng thili, Cambodia va IVIT da ki thda thuan song phuang 3 nam vl ITnh vuc cdng nghiip det may (ngay 21-1-1997), dem l?i m?!
ban ngach xuit khau cho Cambodia gom 12 loai san pham trong ITnh virc chiililf nay. Dieu dd tao ra ddng luc quan trgflS
Tgp chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Tran Xudn HiSp
cho su phat tridn kinh td - xa hdi.cua Cambodia, dae biet la ddi vdi nganh ddt may - mot nganh kinh td miii nhpn.
Trong thdi gian 5 nam (1998 - 2001), MT
la thi trudng Idn nhat ddi vdi Cambodia va gia tri xuat khau hang hda tii Cambodia sang MI ngay cang tang trong giai dogn nay (xem bang thdng ke).
Bdng thong ke gid tri xudt khau hdng hoa cua Cambodia
Don vi tinh: Trieu USD 4im
998 1999
!000 1001
!002 Tong
XK 933,5 1040,2 1222,6 1295,8 1697,7
Hoa Ki 292,9 235,8 739,7 832,2 1041,7
ViSt Nam 175,9 106,8 19,4 24,5 26,6
Singapore 133,0 181,7 18,0 28,0 76,8
UK 24,9 53,4 81,6 126,3 122,1
CHLB Bu-c 71,8 40,4 66,0 98,7 151,8
Thai Lan 77,0 18,5 22,9 7,6 9,6
Trung Quoe 42,2
8,9 23,8 16,7 17,7
Fhip 12,2 20,7 27,7 35,0 38,8
Hong Kong 26,8 38,3 7,3 4,5 5,7 Nhu vay, quan he vdi MT,
Cambodia da va dang dupe hudng nhidu lpi ich, dgc bidt la thiie day qua trinh tang trudng kinh td, cd nhidu vien trp tir bdn ngpai, tgo dieu kien cho Cambodia md rpng quan he da phuang va song phuang.
Tuy nhidn, hi^n nay dii cd nhidu nude vupt MT trong vi^c cai thi?n quan he vdi Cambodia, nhung do cd su phu thudc nhat dinh ho$c cd quan hd chat che vdi MT ndn miic dd quan he vdi Cambodia ciia hp phai dua vao nhiing ddng thai ciia MT. Chinh didunay da anh hudng rat Idn ddn ehinh sach ddi npi cung nhu ddi ngogi ciia Cambodia, nhat la trong didu ki$n dau tranh giiia eac phe phai chinh trj tgi Cambodia van chua cham diit, hp thudng lly ydu td ben ngoai dd gay ap lue vdi chinh phii lanh d^o hien tgi, do dd anh hudng tryc tidp ddn quan he ngogi giao Cambodia vdi cac nude trong khu v\rc, trong dd cd quan he Cambodia - i Vi?t Nam.
i3. Cambodia trong quan he vdi
Ngudn: [4]
Trung Qudc
Vdi Trung Qudc, sir phu thudc va chiu anh hudng tu qudc gia nay ddi vdi Cambodia lai cang Idn hon khi ma Trung Qudc dang trdi day va thue thi ehinh sach ngoai giao nude Idn tai khu vuc. Chinh sach ddi ngogi cua Trung Qudc ddi vdi chau A - Thai Binh Duang la tgo lap mdi trudng hda binh, dn dinh nham tao didu kien thuan lpi cho nhiing nd lue phat trien va ciing cd npi luc Trung Qudc, bdi mdi trudng ben ngoai la mdt trong hai ydu td CO ban de Trung Qudc thuc hidn thanh cdng cdng cupe eai each va md cua. Vi vay, md rdng hpp tac vdi cac nude trong khu vuc ed y nghTa Idn ddi vdi muc tieu ddi ngoai "nu&c l&n cd trdeh nhiem " ciia Trung Qudc, thdng qua nhung phan iing vdi cupe khiing hoang tai chinh chau A 1997, vien trp va hop tac kinh td, dd xuat sang kien ve "an ninh m&i" ma hat nhan cua khai niem mdi nay bao gdm su tin tudng lan nhau, cac ben cimg ed lpi, binh dang va hop tac.
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM So 46 nam 2013
Hien tai, Trung Qudc la nude cd anh hudng rat idn d Cambodia. Trung Qudc lien tuc duy tri anh hudng cua minh tai day bing viee iing hg Chinh phu Lien hiep va tang cudng quan he vdi Dang Nhan dan Cambodia (CPP) do Thu tudng Samdech Hunsen dimg dau. Hanh ddng nay chirng td y dd cua Trung Qudc la mudn ldi keo Cambodia di vao quy dao ciia minh, ehi phdi gidi lanh dao Cambodia va budc Cambodia phai phu thudc vao Bic Kinh. Trong khi MT dang cd gang thue Men nhilu bien phap nhim ldi keo Cambodia, thi Trung Qudc da trien khai cac khoan vien trg dl gianh anh hudng tai day. Cudi nam 2000, Trung Qudc thdng qua ehiln luge "Tdy tiin " hudng miji "tan cdng" sang din cac tinh phia Tay Nam Trung Qudc. Theo dd, Trung Qudc tang cucmg vien trg va diu tu vao luu vuc sdng Mekong. CQng nim trong chien luge nay, Bic Kinh tuyen bd xda khoan ng 1 ti USD cho Cambodia.
Tir nam 2002 trd di, Trung Qudc quyit dinh giam hoac miln thue cho 600 mjt hang tit ba nude Cambodia, Lao va Myanrnar [3]. Rd rang, quyit dinh nay eua Bic Kinh nham myc tieu cai thien quan he song phuang vdi Cambodia - mdt dieu vdn khdng di dang bdi lau nay Trung Qudc ching man ma gi vdi ehinh quyen d Phnom Penh.
Kl tir nam 2005, Trung Qudc da cip khoang 600 trieu USD vien trg vl kinh te cho Cambodia, chii ylu la dl xay dyng dudng sa, eiu cdng va dap thuy dien. Nam 2008, chinh phu Trung Qudc cam ket giup dien khi hda khu vue ndng thdn eua Cambodia vdi khoan diu tu 1 ti
USD vao du an xay 2 cdng trinh thuy dien, khai thac quang md tri gia khoang 2 ti USD. Hien nay cd hon 3000 cong ti cua Trung Qudc dang lam an t?i Cambodia [2, fr.7]. Giai doan 2003 - 2007, Trung Qudc lien tuc la nha dau tu sd mdt vao Cambodia. Thang 12-2006, da cd hon 230 doanh nghiep Tmng QuIc diu tu vao Cambodia, tap trung trong cac ITnh vuc may mjc, dien lyc, khoang san, khach san... De xiic tien thuong mai, Chinh phu Trung Qudc cd chinh sach khuyin khich xuit khau hang hda sang Cambodia va ddng thdi cung tgo dieu kien cho Cambodia xuat khau hang hoa sang Trung Qudc. Din nay, Trung QuIc da miln giam vdi thue suit bing 0% cho 48 mat hang ciia Cambodia xuit khiu sang Trung Quoe [3], Hien nay, mli quan he giira Cambodia vdi Trung Qudc duoc hai ben quan tam va da nang quan he tit
"Doi tdc tin cay" len "Ddi tdc chiin luoc todn dien ". Diu tu eua Trung QuIc vao Camphuchia khoang 8 ti USD, Tmng Qudc da cung cip eho Cambodia nhihig khoan tai trg khdng hoan lai ciing vdi nhimg khoan cho vay tri gia hon 2 li USD va la nude tai trg nhilu nhit cho Cambodia. Thuc te dd cho thiy vai tro va su anh hudng kinh tl cua Trung QuIc tai dit nude Chua Thap la khdng hi nhd.
4. Nhirng tac ddng tir moi quan h^
Trung Quoe - Cambodia - Mi Nhu vay, quan h | hgp tac giiia Trung Qudc - Cambodia, MI - Cambodia da tryc tilp hay gian tilp tac d0ng lit Ion den nin ngoai giao cua Cambodia. S|t canh tranh giOa cae nude Idn tai dja ban nay la mdt thach thiic khdng nhd dii voi
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Trdn Xudn Hiep
chinh quyen Cambodia. Nhidu nha lanh dao cho rang Trung Qudc ed quan he chat chd vdi Cambodia han MT. Mdt vi du la
"su hap tdc cua Hunsen doi v&i nhiing sdng kien chdng khung bd ciia MT lgi phu thudc vdo nd luc cua Chinh phu Cambodia trong viec tdng cu&ng ddu lu vd thuang mgi cua Trung Qudc. Mac du Mi cd gdng ldm trich nin ngogi giao thucmg mgi ciia Trung Qudc, song Bdc Kinh lien tuc vach ra nhimg bien phdp thdng nhdt ve mat kinh te vd van hda v&i Cambodia, ke cd viec thong qua cdc nhd thdu CO the lifc nguai Trung Qudc. Hiin nay tgi Cambodia sd ngu&i ndi tieng Anh gidm so vai sd ngu&i ndi tiing Trung Qudc. Cambodia la nu&c co tru&ng dgy tieng Trung Qudc l&n nhdt khu vuc Ddng Nam A vai han 8000 hgc sinh" [1, tr.9].
Tdm lai, su canh tranh giiia MT va Trung Qudc ciing nhu ehinh sach ngoai giao toan cau ciia hai nude Idn nay anh hudng sau sac khdng chi ddi vdi ndn kinh td Cambodia, ma cdn tae ddng rat Idn den vide dua ra chinh sach ddi ngoai ciia Cambodia trong thdi gian qua va nhiing nam tilp theo.
Cd thd ndi, "han bdt kl qudc gia Ddng Nam A ndo, Cambodia tu thdy minh dang bi kep giiea nu&c MT dang canh tranh vd nhimg de nghi ngogi giao ciia Trung Qudc. V&i viec Washington dua ra nhimg sdng kien chien luac song phuang vd sie giup da ddy hdo phdng ve tdi chinh cua Bdc Kinh, Thu tuang Cambodia Hunsen da kheo leo cdn bdng nin ngogi giao cua minh giiea hai sieu cu&ng nhdm mang lgi lai thi chinh tri cho ddt nu&c" [7].
Ddng thdi, Cambodia uu tien phat tridn. kinh td ddi ngoai vdi phuang Tay, MT, Trung Qudc, Nhat Ban ndn eiing khd idian trong thiic day quan he kinh te vdi Viet Nam. Chang han. Tap doan dau khi Viet Nam da tiep can vdi Cambodia tu nam 2004 ve kha nang hpp tac tham dd khai thac dau khi nhung Cambodia van td ra thd a trong khi lai ki kdt cac hpp ddng hpp tac vdi cac edng ti ciia MT va Trung Qudc. Cu thd, cdng ti dau md Than Chau (Trung Qudc) da gianh dupe quydn tham dd khai thac dau khi d Id D vdi dien tich 360km^ bien Cambodia va theo ket qua tham dd cdng bd thang 4-2007 Id D cd trii lupng 226 trieu 880 nghin thiing dau va 140,5 trieu m^ khi ddt. Than Chau da trd thanh cdng ti sd huu Id D ke tiep sau cdng ti Chevron ciia MT (Id A), cdng ti Dau khi Hai Duong (Trung Qudc) cung gianh dupe quyen tham dd khai thac Id F.
Mpt thuc td niia la "Trong IUQ ngodi bien Ddng, Trung Qudc ldm cho cdc nu&c trong khu vuc, ddc biit la Philippin vd Viet Nam lo nggi [...] thi tren bd, sdt bien giai phia Tdy cua Viet Nam, Trung Qudc lgi timg bu&c tien hdnh chiin luac ndm quyin chi phdi cdc nuac timg nam trong vdng dnh hu&ng cua Viet Nam Id Lao vd Cambodia. Ngodi lai ich trong thuang mgi vd khai thdc tdi nguyen, Trung Qudc den Cambodia vi miic tieu chien luac. Do tranh chdp v&i Viet Nam tren viing Men Ddng gidu ddu khi, Trung Qudc mudn Cambodia tr& thdnh mdt qudc gia phuc timg Trung Qudc, Trung Qudc coi Cambodia nhu mot vdnh dai an ninh trong viing" [7]. Vdi nhiing tuydn bd va hanh ddng dang thuc hien, thi xu hudng
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM So 46 nam 2013
tien xudng Tay Nam cua Trung Qudc dan hien hiru, qua trinh "lay long" cac nude trong khu vuc va "pho truang" sire manh khdng 16 dang thye sy trd thanh "mdi de doa" ddi vdi tat ca cac nude, lam anh hudng sau sac tdi cac mdi quan he song phucmg, da phucmg tai khu vuc, quan he Cambodia - Viet Nam eiing khdng nam ngoai tac ddng dd.
5. Nhan xet
Trong quan he MT va Trung Qudc vdi Cambodia, viec thuc thi cac chmh sach ngogi giao tai qudc gia Ddng Nam A nay nam trong mgt phan ehiln luge toan cau ciia hai cudng qudc tai khu vuc.
Trung Qudc vdi lgi the ve dja li, lich sil va van hda da va dang cd nhung lgi thi nhat djnh trong quan he vdi Cambodia so vdi MI. Tuy nhien, lgi thi dd cua Trung Qudc cd phin giam sut do chinh sach ngoai giao nude Idn da iam eho cac qudc gia trong khu vuc cam thay bi de dga va cd nhilu bien phap phdng bj. Ben canh dd, ciing can thiy ring su hien dien cua MT tai khu vyc dugc cae nude Ddng Nam A coi trgng neu khdng ndi la rit cin thilt.
Dieu nay lam cho luc lugng giira cac cudng qudc dugc can bing, dac biet sy quay trd lai chau A - Thai Binh Duong vdi tuyen bd bag ve ddng minh va khdng danh mat vai trd tai biln Ddng cua MI da lam cho Trung Quoe phai de chimg va tran an cae nude trong khu vyc vl mgt bien phap ciing rin nhim gin giO hda binh an ninh tai khu vuc. Cambodia, thye thi khdng thi tach rdi cua Ddng Nam A, mdt dia ban ehiln luge dl eac nude Idn xdm nhdp vd ldi keo trd thanh mat xich vd cimg quan trgng tai khu vyc.
Viee MI va Trung Qudc tang cudng vai trd anh hudng tai Cambodia khdng nim ngoai chien luge dua Ddng Nam A vao vong kiem toa eiia eac cudng qudc nay.
Mdi quan he giira Cambodia voi cac nude Idn, dac biet la MT va Tmng Qudc da dem lai nhimg tac ddng da chieu. Mgt mat, iam cho net! kinh &
Cambodia ngay cang phat triln va tjo ta vi the ngay cang Idn cua Cambodia tren truimg qudc te. Bat tay hgp tac vdi Mlva Trung Qudc, Cambodia chirng td dupe ban ITnh va ndi lyc cua qudc gia dan toe, phil hgp vdi xu the qudc te hda, khu vuc hda va chinh sach da phuong trong quan he qudc ii hien nay. Tuy nhien, mat tieu eye ciia van de mang lai la khdng he nho, day la mdi quan he giQa tihimg cudng qudc phat trien vdi mgt qudc gia nho dang phat triln, vi thi cai gia phai tra eung cin dugc tinh din. Su rang huge vl phu thudc vl mat kinh tl lin chinh tri vao MI va Trung Qudc la qua rd rang, nhiJng chinh sach ddi ngoai ma ehinh quyjn Phnom Penh dua ra deu luon phai xem xet dgng thai tir MI va Trung Qudc. N&
mdi quan hS thuc sir tdt dep thi cai lgi la rat Idn, nhimg neu ngugc lai thi ciing kho ludng. Trong khi dd, tham vgng va sf tranh gianh anh hudng tsi khu vuc nay cua MT va Trung Qudc ngay cang qiiyel liet thi Cambodia, mdt nude dugc coi li
"con bdi chien luac " trong qua ttinh loi keo, tham nhap vao khu vyc ciia cae cudng qudc cang trd nen nguy hilm boi tinh hai mji: lgi ich vd nguy ca til moi quan he tay ddi, phai lam thi nao din bang duge lye lugng giOa cae nu*, khdng iam mit ldng ai ma cung khong
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Tran Xudn Hiep
qua phy thudc vap ai.
Nhan td MT va Trung Qudc cd anh hudng trai chidu, ca tieh cue lan tidu cue ddn quan he Cambodia - Viet Nam. Mdt mat, cd tac dung thuc 6ky quan he Cambodia - Viet Nam phat tridn hon niia nham ddi phd vdi su ap dat thach thiic tu cac nude Idn, mat khac lam cho quan he Cambodia - Viet Nam trd ndn khd khan phiic tgp do Cambodia phu thupc qua nhieu vao bdn ngoai. Nhiing chinh sach ddi ndi hay ddi ngogi ciia chinh quydn Phnom Penh ddu chiu mdt phin su chi phdi ciia cac nude Idn khdng chi dan
thuan vd kinh td ma ca ehinh tri, nhat la MT va Trung Qudc. Dieu dd cang lam phiic tap thdm tinh hinh chinh tri ndi tgi va la thach thiic Idn trong vide hoach dinh chidn lupc ngoai giao ciia Cambodia; qua dd, gian tidp anh hudng tdi quan he Cambodia vdi cac nude trong khu vuc ndi chung, cung nhu quan he Cambodia - Viet Nam ndi ridng. Vi vay, uu tidn day manh quan he hpp tac Viet Nam - Cambodia trong bdi canh qudc td mdi vdi su hien didn ngay cang mgnh me ciia cac nude Idn trong khu vuc la van dd khdng the xem nhe.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Ban tin true tuydn Asia Times, "Karapuchia between Chine and US", New Deli, ngay 24-7-2008.
2. Tgp chi Dgc ngang Ddng Nam A, thang 2-2008, tr.7.
3. Thdng tin xa Vidt Nam, "Cambodia va vai trd tung hiing ngogi giao giiia cac nude Idn", ngay 28-7-2008.
4. Lieutenant Colonel Melvil E.Richmond, Jr-US Army (1996), United States interests in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, US Army War College.
5. Reuter, "Foreign in vestment in Cambodia still low" (July 8, 2002), US and Asia Statiscal Hanbook, 2001-2002.
6. Tdng hpp tir WWF-World Wide Fund for Nature - Ngan hang phat tridn chau A (ADB).
7. http://nghiencuubiendong.vn/tin-ncbd/2005, Quan he Trung Qudc - Cambodia va tae dpng ddn Vidt Nam.
8. http://usembassy.gov
(Ngdy Ida sogn nti$n duac bdi: 17-4-2013; ngdy phdn bien danh gid: 16-5-2013;
ngdy chip nh$n ddng: 23-5-2013)
