T TRUONG THANH HOA THUC HIEN PHAT TRIEN KINH TE KET HOP VOl BAO VE

^ 1 TuUrTitn. KINH NGHIEM

THANH HOA THUC HIEN PHAT TRIEN KINH TE KET HOP VOl BAO VE MOI TRUONG

• ThS DO TRONG HUlVG Ban Tuyen gido Tinh uy Thanh Hda

T

hiic hidn Nghi quyet Dai hdi Dfag bd tinh lin thti XVII va kd hoach phit trien kinh te - xa hfli 5 nim (2010 - 2015), kmh td tinh Thanh Hfla cfl buoc phit

tridn khi quan. Tfag truflng nim 2013 dat 11,2%, cao hon mile hung binh ciia ci nudc (kinh td ca nuoc li 5,4%), trong dd ndng nghiep tang 4,2%, cdng nghidp - xiy dyng tfag 12,9%, dich vu tfag 12,4%.

Tuy nhidn, tflc dfl tfag truong kinh te chua dat mue tidu dd ra (17% - 18%); chit lupng tfag trudng cfln thip, chua dn dinh vi thieu tinh bdn viing.

Bang 1 : Tdc do tang trirdug kinh te ciia T h a n h H o a t h d i k y 1996 -

Chi tieu

Tong GDP Theo ngatih kinh te

Nong - lam nghiep va tliijy sin Cong nghiep va xay dimg Djch vu

fheoktiuw/ckinhte

Quoc doanh Ngoai quoc doanh Von dau tu nirdc ngoai

2013

Tang binh qadn{%) 1996-2000

7,3

3,7 13,6 7,2

7,1 6,3

2001-200S 9,1

4,4 15,1 8,1

9,7 8,3 15,8

200$-2m0 10,3

-y

13,4 13,6

5,6 12,4 8,6

2011 11,2

4,2 12,9

6,6 11,3 7,5

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Co cau kinh td eiia Thanh Hoi cung ttmg budc chuyen dich theo htidng tifa bfl, dang hinh thinh rfl net co eau: cdng nghidp - dich vv - ndng nghiep. T^ teong cdng nghiep - xiy dung teong tdng GDP cd xu huang tfag len va ty tepng ndng nghiep giim dfa. Nim 2013, ca ciu GDP (cdng nghiep - djch vu - ndng nghidp) ciia tmh li 43,9% - 36,1% - 20,0% so vdi 42,9% - 35,7% - 21,4% nim 2012 va 28,4%

-36,9%-34,7% nim 2007.

Kinh td cd tfag truang dfag ke nhimg ciing gay ip lue doi vdi mdi trudng. Cac khu cflng nghidp, cum cflng nghiep ngiy cfag md rflng vi phit trien vdi quy mfl ldn. Neu khdng cfl bidn phip kidm soit thich hop thi diy chinh li ngudn gay d nhiim mdi trudng Ion nhit.

Ben canh dfl, giao thflng - vfa tii cung gdp phfa lam suy giam chit luong mdi trudng.

Hien nay, tofa tinh Thanh Hda da hinh thinh 5 khu kinh td, khu cdng nghiep, gdm:

Khu kinh te Nghi Son vi cic Khu cflng nghiep Ld Mfln, Hofag Long, Khu Lam Scm - Sao Vfag, Bim San. Theo ket qua quan teic ciia Sd Tai nguyen va Moi truong tuih Thanh Hda (2012) cho thiy chit luong mdi Orudng t?ii cic khu cdng nghiep teen dia bfa tmh Thanh Hda bi d nhidm. Chil yeu li cic khi nhu NO2, SO2 va bui la lung.

Mfli trudng tai cic cum cflng nghiep, Ifag nghd Cling dang ngiy cfag fl nhidm nfag, do eic phutmg tien van ehuydn vit lieu ra vio ngiy cing nhieu trong khi he thdng giao thflng ngiy cfag xudng cip, ben canh dfl cic CO sa sfa xuat cdn ehua chu trong ddn cdng tic bao ve mdi trudng. Ket qua quan trie tai mflt sfl cum cflng nghiflp, Ifag nghd tten dia bfa tinh Thanh Hda cho thay, dac trung d nhidm tai cac khu vuc niy li SO2 vi biii la liing. Hoi khi SO2 tai 3/6 khu vuc tai ling nghd to tim Thidu Dd - Thifa Hoi cd gii tri

vugt tieu chufa cho phep (TCCP) tCt 1,1 + 2 Ifa. Bui lo lung tai 3/5 khu vuc tai Ifag nghe to tim Thieu Dfl - Thieu Hoi cd ket qua quan ttic mflt so nim deu vuot TCCP til 1,08 i 12,8 Ifa.

Vi chat lucmg khdng khi a mot sff khu dan cu tap trung trong tmh. Kdt qui quan trie chit luong khflng khi khu dan cu cho thiy chit luong mdi trudng da cd diu hieu d nhidm do bui lo liing vi cic hoi khi dflc CO2, SO2. Die biet tai cic khu dan cu gfa cac nha miy, khu cflng nghidp vi cum cflng nghiep d nhidm bui the hien rat rfl net, cd noi gii tri do dug'c vugt TCCP ddn 4,2 Ifa (Dflng Himg, Dflng Son). Nhin chung, tai 10 khu virc do thi cd 8 khu viic ndng dfl bui deu cfl bidu hifa vugt TCCP vi 3 khu vyc chi sd SO2 vugt TCCP.

De thuc hien cd hieu qui phit tridn kinh td gfa vol bio vd mdi trudng d Thanh Hda cfa thuc hifa tfli mdt sd nfli dimg sau diy:

Mdtli, bao vi mdi trudng kbong khi Ra soit lai quy hoach cflng ngliiep ciia tinh teen quan diem bio ve mfli trudng, tich cue phflng ngiia vi xii ly fl nhiem (khuydn khich vd thud dudi dang hfl trg diu tu; xay dung vi mo rflng quy mfli trudng; khuydn khich dp dtmg nhung cdng nghd tidn tien) .Tfag cuong vai ted vi ttich nhiem ciia doanh nghiep ddi vdi bio ve mfli trudng, cd chinh sach mdi trudng ddi vdi cie ca sd tidu thii cdng nghiep, Ifag nghe, cum Ifag nghd...

Cic khu cflng nghiep Ld Mfln, Dinh Huong (Thinh phd Thanh Hda), se khdng mo rflng dien tich ma chii yen la ddi mdi ttang thiet bi sfa xuat, ip dung cdng nghe xij ly chit thai va nfag cip ha tfag ky thuit. DSi vdi cic khu cdng nghiep nhu Nghi Son, Lam Son, Tiy Nam Thanh Hda (Nhu Thanh - Nhu Xuan), diu tu ha tfag ky thuat hifa dai, md

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rflng va cai tao de hinh thinh cic khu cdng nghiep tip tnmg, ddng thdi thuc hifa nghiem viec tham dinh dinh gii tic dgng mfli trudng dfli vdi mdi dti fa diu tu, timg khu cflng ngbiep de bao ve mfli trudng. Ddi vdi cic cum cdng nghiep, Ifag nghe cu, khuydn khich cic doanh nghiep diu tu cai tidn diy chuyen sfa xuit, ip dung cdng nghe sach va cic giai phip sin xuit sach htm nhim giam thieu tdi miic thip nhat chit thii phit sinh.

Giam thiiu d nhiim do khi thai giao tbdng. Thiet lip tidu chufa khi thii ddi vdi cic phuang tien giao thdng co gidi mdi vi dang Itm hanh vdi lfl trinh cu thd. Thidt lap cic phdng thi nghiem kidm tra khi thii cda cic phuang tien giao thdng co gidi. Tang cudng ning luc kiem tea va bao dudng phuong tien giao thdng. Tridn khai nghidn ciiu va khuydn khich sii dung nhidn lidu thay thd, nfag cao nhfa thuc bio ve mdi trudng trong edng ddng de thay ddi hinh vi ci nhfa trong viec su dung cic phucmg tifa giao thdng CO gidi.

Giim thieu 6 nhiim mdi trudng do sinh boatdd thi. Ngudn d nhidm sinh boat dfli vdi mfli trudng khflng khi chii ydu l i dun bep.

Diing iihien heu than, diu dim bdp sd thai ra nhidu bui vi khi dflc hai inh htrotig true tidp den siic khoe mgi ngudi. Vi vay, bifa phip giam thidu ngudn d nhidm sinh boat doi voi mfli tnidng chii ydu la dimg khi tunhidn (gas) hay ddng dien dun bep thay cho than td ong vi diu hoi.

rimg budc binh thanh nganh cdng nghiep mdi truong. Cdng nghiep mfli trafltig tip trung vio cac linh vuc nhu: cflng nghe sinh hgc, tao ra cic chd pham vi sinh sii dung cho cic cflng nghd xii ly sinh hpc; co khi che tao cic thidt bi phuc vii cho dich vu

mdi trudng nhu cic thiet bj xii ly nuoc thii, bui, khf thai, chit thai tin, cic phuong tien vin chuydn chat thai chuydn dyng. Nhiing chinh sich hfl trg cho nganh cdng nghi$p mfli trudng gdm diu tu cho cdng tdc nghien ciiu: hd trg ve vdn dd xay dung, vfa hinh vi nghien cihi, t^o dieu kidn dd tieu thu duoc sin phim.

Hai la, quybo^ch quin ly cay xanh vi quin lymdi tnrdng nuac

Phit ttien ciy xanh va mit nuoc teong cac khu dd thi. Quy hoach quin ly vi bio ve ngudn nuac, ban chd cic ngudn xi thii vao sdng, khai thic hgp ly ngudn tii nguydn nudc mat, chim diit hifa tugng khai thic ttii phdp khofag sin Idng sdng, bao ve phit tridn riing diu ngudn, phdng chdng chiy riing; giii quydt vfa dd xim iihjp mfa tai cic ciia sdng ven bidn; njo vet cac kdnh, sflng Nhi Ld va cac sflng trong ndi thi, cii tao de cic hd thdng sflng trong tinh; quy ho^ch bio tdn cic hd;

hoan chinh msing ludi didm quan trie mdi trudng nuoc.

Ba la, quy hoach bao v$ mdi tnidng khu du lich, di tich lich su, danb lam thing cinh

Tfag cudng tuyfln truydn nfag cao y thuc bio ve mdi truong tai cac khu du lich, didm di tich, danh thing va cic co sfl kinh doanh phuc vu du lich. Tdn tao, cdi thien cinh quan mdi trudng tai cac khu di tich, du lich vi danh tiifag nhu: Khu di tich lich sii Lam Kinh, Thinh Nhi Hd, Ham Rdng, Sufli Ci Cim Luong...; Xiy dtmg he thdng thu gom vi xii ly chit thii sinh boat.

Bdn Ii, quy hoach bao tdn da dang sinh hqc, cac vimg dit ngip nudc

Bao vd mfli trudng vi eanh quan cic hd chda nhim ngfa ngua su suy thoii hfl sinh thii thuy vuc tai cic hd. Xiy dung md hinh kinh td bdn vutig cho cic xi viing dem khu LfLUANCHfNHTRl-So 7/2014

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vuc Vudn quflc gia Bdn En, Cilc Phuang, hd Cia D^t va cic khu bio tdn thien nhidn.

Tfag eudng nfag luc qufa ly vi bio tdn tai nguydn da dang sinh hpc Vudn qudc gia Bdn En, Cue Phuang, rimg sdn Tam Quy, Khu bao tdn thidn nhien Pit Hu, Pii Ludng, Xufa Lien.

Tap tnmg thuc hifa dti fa ttdng ciy xanh tai cic cic khu vuc dit ttflng ddi niii ttgc de phflng, chdng xdi mdn, hoang mac hoi dit dai. Qufa ly chat che rimg ngip mfa ven bidn, cua sdng, cila laeh dd giim thieu viec nuoc mfa xim thye, tfa phi de sdng, de bidn do lii lut giy ra.

JVam la, quy hoach bio vi mdi trudng trong khai thic khoing san va sin xuit vat lieu xay dung

Chim dut vide khai thic qufag ttii phep.

Xiy dung, hofa thien cie dit fa cii tao mdi truong sau khai thic vi dua vio sii dung tai cic Cum cflng nghiep di Dflng Stm, Hi Phong.

Nghidm tiic thuc hifa quy hoach da dugc phe duydt cila cic nginh nghd khai thic khofag sfa (qufag erflm, sit, cat sdi Iflng sflng). Lua chpn cip phep khai thic cho cic don vi, ci nhfa cd dii ning luc che bien nguydn Ueu thfl va bio dim mfli truong nhu hofa thd, xiy dung he thdng thoat nuoc, xu ly chat thai, tedng cay xanh.

Khuyen khich cic doanh nghidp diu tu cflng nghd khai thic, chdbidn sau khofag sfa, Sli dung cdng nghe thfa thifa vdi mdi trufag.

Chu trgng vfa dd "Nudc sach vi vd sinh mdi trudng ndng thdn", phfa dau 100% sd hfl ttong tinh dugc su dung nudc sach. Trang hi kien thiic cho nguai dfa trong vide bio ve mfli truong khi sii dung hda chit bao ve thiic vat, phfa bon hfla hpc...

Ddng thoi vdi vide bio vd mfli trudng, Thanh Hfla cfa day manh viec giii gin cdnh quan thien nhidn vi tinh chit nguydn gflc ciia

cic thfag canh vi ch tich lich su vfa hda; gin gia canh quan dd thi, eic ddng sdng, khu vuc nflng thfln va ven bidn...

Bio tdn da dang smh hgc rimg, bidn, teong nflng nghiep... Nfag dfl che phil rimg len 60% vao nim 2020, thinh lip khu bio tdn da dang sinh hgc bidn...

Phat trifo ldnh U Mt htfp vdi bio vd moi trticfng nham phat trifa ben vvlag, tinh Thanh Hoa da vi dang khac phifc cd hidu qua nhiing van de mfli tnftog, d^t dtidc nhidu thinh tUu; kinh ti tang tnidng Idia cao; cd ciu lunh td ti^p ti^c chuyen dich d^ng hiidng, ngudn li^c ngiy cfag huy dong tdt hdn, h^ ting kinh ti - xi hpi diitfc diu tii ning cip;

cflng tic quan ly tai nguyfa, mfli tnidng diidc tang ciidng.

Trong thai gian qua, Thanh Hda da cfl nhiing giai phap phit tridn kinh te ket hgp vfli bio ve mdi truang, tuy nhien, hien nay tai cic khu vuc khai thic khoing sfa, khu cdng nghidp, Ifag nghe... mdi trudng hi d nhiim, tuy chua ddn mtic nghiem trpng, nhung cfa phai nghien cim dd khic phuc ngay. Trong thfli gian toi, Thatih Hda can xiy dung quy chd vi kidm tta nghiem ngat cdng tic bio ve mdi trudng vi pn giO cinh quan thien nhidn kdt hgp vdi phat ttien kinh td. Vdi viec thuc Men ddng bd cac giai phip, chic chfa trong thdi gian tdi, tmh Thanh Hda se thuc hifa tot vi cd hidu qua su kdt hgp giiia phit tiien kmh tdvdi bao ve mdi tnidng, dim bio phit ttien nhanh va bdn vung D

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