KY N I £ M 95 NAM NGAY B A O C H I C A C H M A N O Vifc I UnM [ilia,,
TRUYEN THONG
TRONG CHU TRINH CHINH SACH CONG
NGI ^ EN THI HA
Trongtiiigidibiin dfu, truyin tiidng dupc colli quyin lpc did Or, bdivi truyin tiidngcdinh hudngritldn tdi nhin ±uc ciaxibdi, kbai nguin vi djnh hudmgdu luin xihdL Cbu trmh cbhib sicb cdngH tukhiu bo^cb djnb, xiy dpng tiipc Oil vi dinb gii cblnh sich. W viy, sp tham gia cda truyin thdng vio cbu trinh dilnb sich si giup cho cblnh sich cd dui;rcspddng thuin cda cdng chung bio dim chit lupng, biiu qui vidivio tiipc tiddi sdngxSbdL Tdkhda: Truyen tiling: npi dung tniyen tiidng: phuong tipn Uuyin tiidng: chu tiinh chinh sicb cdng.
Media Is conskleted die fourth power m die modanwodd because media has a peat InBuence on the pubhc awareness, invokes and orients pubhc opinion. The pubUepoUcy cycle consists of stages including formulation, implementation and evaluation. Therefore, the Involvement ofthe media in thepoUcy cycle assures tbe pohcy quaUty, feasiblUty and effectiveness and pmmotes tbe consent of the pubhc
Keywords: Media: media content: media means: policy cycle.
NGAYNHAN: 02/5/2020 NGAYPHANBlfN,DANHGlA;05/5/2020 N G A Y D U Y J T : 11/6/2020
1, Khii quit vi tiuyin thing trong chinh se y tudng hay hinh dgngvimptmucdich sich cdng nhit dinh.
Thuat ngir trayin thdng theo nguyen Nhuviy, ed the hieu trayin thong li mgt nghia gde Latinh (egmraune) dugre hieu la qua trinh lien tue, trao ddi, chia se thdng tin chung hay cgng ddng, Ngi him eua no la ngi ™ "hau tit ngudi truyen din ngudi nhin dung, cich thiie, con dudng, phuong tien de "him dat duoc su hieu biet, ning eao kiin dat din su hiiu biet lin nhau, giua ci nhan thue, ehuyen bien thai dg va hudng tdi vdi ci nhin, ca nhan vdi edng ddng, xa hgi chuyin ddi hanh vl thdng qua cac phuong
Khai niem "miyen diong^' (communication) "^" '™y™ * ^ " 8 'P™"''
duoc hiiu li su trayen dat, thdng tin thdng '^™"S '^^ *™ " ^ ^ " ' ' ' ' ' ^ '*"= ''^ng cua bio, giao tiip, traoddi,lienIae....Ddlaqua '"*" ' ' " ' ' ° ' ' ™aky nguyin sd, cua cugc trinh trao ddi thdng diep giiia eic thinh '"'^ ""'"^^ ""''^ "^'"^P ^•°' "^^'" *™B ™
\ien hay cic nhdm ngirdi trong xa hgi nhim
dat dugc su hieu biit lin nhau de tit dd chia * TS, Hpc vien Hdnh chinh Quoc gia
TAP CHl QUAN LV NHA Nl/dC - S6 293 (6/2020)
;..:) CH( C A C H M A N G V I E T N A M (21 / 6 / i 925 - 21 /6/2020)
"stic manh" dac biet, nd tie dgng timg ngay, timg gid vig cic mdi quan he xa hgi, cd anh hudng nhanh va rgng din mgi co quan, tu ehiic va eae ca nhin trgng xa hgi. Vdi nhiing anh hugng tg Idn do nen khdng mgt co quan, td chtic, luc lucmg chinh tri xa hgi nao lai khdng sir dung eic PTTT nhu mgt edng cu/phuong tien de ehuyen tii thdng tin, thue hien cac mue dieh vi nhiem vu eua minh.
Chinh vi viy, truyin thong trong ehu truth ehinh sich cdng (CTCSC) ciing khong li ngoai le.
Chinh saeh cdng (CSC) li "mgt ehudi cac quyit dinh hinh dgng cua Nha nucrc nhim giii quyit mpt vin de chung dang duge dat ra trong ddi sdng kinh t i - xa hgi theo mue Ueu xae dinh"'.
Nhu vay, CSC do Nhi nutic ban hanh de giii quyit mot hoae mdt sd vin de lien quan lin nhau dang dat ra trong dcii sdng kinli te - xa hpi dieo nhiing muc tiiu di xae dinh. Vol cich tiep can nay, cac quyet dinh ve ehinh sich duge thuc hiin trong mdi giai doan ciia ehu trinh ehinh sach. Tren thuc ti, ed nhieu quan niem khie nhau ve eae budc cua CTCSC song nhin tren phutmg dien tdng the CO die khii quit thinh 4 giai doan ehii yeu, di la: hoach dinh chuih sich: xiydungcbinh sach: tiipc hien chinh sich (THCS) vi danh gia chinh sich.
Truyen tiidng ti:ong CTCSC dugc hieu la viee sir dung cie phuong tien truyen thong vao eic khiu cua chu trinh chinh sach, tir khau hoach dinh, xiy dung, thuc thi va dinh gii chinh sich, cu the, la ea mgt qui trinh truyen tai ngi dung didng tin tit chu the xiy dung chinh sieh den vdi mgi ddi tugng trong xa hoi. Die biet la doi tugng chiu tic dpng tnic tiep eua ehinh saeh, doi tugng thuc thi chinh sach nhim dap iing nhu cau thuc tiin Ka hpi, tao nen su ddng thuin cao, dat dugc niiic dieh xay dung chinh sach co chit lugng va hiiu qua U-ong thuc te.
Tir ly luin den tiiuc tiin deu cho thiy, d mdi khiu cua chu trinh chinh sach co su khac nhau, vi the, truyen thong ehinh sach trong mdi khau cua ehu trinh chinh sieh khong hoin toan gidng nhau ca ve doi tugng tiep nhan vi ngi dung thong tin. Do dd, viee lira ehgn eic kenh truyen thong; phucmg phap truyen thong; npi dung thong tin; so lugt truyen thdng cho mdi khau trong qua trmh trayen tiidng chinh sach can duge thire hien nhu the nao cho hiiu qua, thiit nghi cin phai dugc nghien ciru mgt eieh day du.
2. Trayin tiidng trung chu trinh chinh sach cdng
CSC li mgt phara tru eo ngi him rgng, ed lien quan den nhieu linh vuc ciia ddi sdng xa hgi, la cong cu vi md cua Nhi nude de diiu tiet va quan ly cac qua trinh kinh te - xa hgi cho mdi quoc gia. Chinh sich dung vi phii hgp se bao dam chg cic boat dgng kinh te ed hieu qui, thue day tang trudng kinh te, eai thien ddi sdng ciia Nhin dan vi qua dd, se gdp phin tich cue vio viec eung cd quyen lue nha nude. Chinh vi vay, viec sir diing hpp ly cie PTTT vao CTCSC la cin tiiiet.
Tbu nhat, hoach dinh chinh sich.
Diy li giai doan diu tien eua qui trinh eliinh saeh, la giai doan de xuat ehinh sach, tiic li lam the nao de eic van de trong thuc tiin dugc lua ebon dua vao chinh sich. Tie lam dugc dieu do, eie td ehiie, ci nhin tham gia qui trinh hoach dinh ehinh sach phai xuit phat til thue tiin, dua tren thuc tiin, xem xet vin de dd c6 la van di dang miu thuin trong thuc tiin khdng, co thue su la vin de eip thiet khdng. De xie dinh dugc van de dung va triing, cic nha hoaeh dinh chinh sich can phai thu thap, xirly thong tin, phin tieh thong tin mgt each chinh xae va trin nhieu goc dp, nhin tir nhieu chieu khae nhau. Cd nhu viy mdi cd the xae dinh duge van de "dung" vi "tning", phii hgp vdi thuc tiin xa hpi can giai quyit.
TAP CHfQUAN LY NHA Nl/(3C - SO 293 (6/2020)
KY NIf M 95 NAlVl NGAY BAO CH( CACH MANG VIET NAM (2l/o; i3
Sau khi xae dinh dugc vin de dung va tning, budc tiip theoli ein phai lam cho \"an de dd dugc chip thuin. Vay, butic niy ed can su tham gia ciia trayin thdng khdng? Ciu tra Idi la cd va can. Ngi dtmg trayin thong trong giai doan nay, theo ehiing tdi can lim rd thuc trang van de, chi rd nhimg mau thuin, nhirng khd khin, nhiing trd ngai mi van de dd gay nen neu khdng xay dung chinh sieh.
Tiip din, trayin thong can lam rd tic dgng cua vin de chinh saeh vao doi sdng xa hpi, mtic dg tic dgng eua vin di chinh sach den ehinh tii, kinh ti, v4n hda - xa hdi. Hon niia, ngi dung trayin thdng a cdng doan nay can neu rd hau qui cd thi ed niu khdng giii quyet vin de chinh sieh.
PTTT tdt nhit trong giai doan niy la truyin thdng dai ehung vi PTTT dien tii (internet, zalo, faeebook). Kenh trayen thdng dai ehung tiidng qua bao, tap chi, kinh trayin hinh, dii phit tiianh va kenh trayin thdng dien tu thdng qua internet,...
do dd, thdng tin duge ehuyin tai nhanh tdi mgi ddi tugng ttong xa hgi. Tuy nhien, viec sir dung eie PTTT de trayen thdng ehinh saeh dat hieu qua thi thdng tin ve vin de chinh sach phii day du, nhanh chdng, kip thdi, trung thue, ehinh xae; thong tm phai phti hgp voi nhu eau thirc tiin xa hpi; voi tiin trinh phat triin kinh t i - xa hpi. Cic kinh truyen thdng se giup cho cie ehu thi nhin thiie dung vin di ehinh sich, quy md, thuc trang cua vin de ein giii quyet, nguyen nhan cua vin de chinh sich. Tit dd, cic co quan cd tham quyen mdi cd co so lua chgn van de, quyit dinh chgn van de ehinh saeh.
Thuhai, xiydungcbinh sich hay cdn gpi li soan thio chinh sich.
Vin de da dirge lua chgn, viec phan tich ehinh sich da duge hoach dinh, duge Xha nudc phi ehuan vi ban hanh edng khai. Viec iiep theo la cin phii eu thi hda y tirdng, tiie tien hinh soan thio van ban ehinh sich,
biin y tiling trd tiiinh sin phim cu the^do ehinh li van bin chinh sieh. Sau klii vSn ban chinh sieh duoc soan tiiao xong, doi hdi eg su tiiam van y kiin eua eic ben tham gia chinh sich, dac biit li ddi tugng thu huong trac tiip va giin tiip eiia ehinh saeh. Bin chit cua buoc xay dung chinh sich chinh la cu tili hda muc tieu, cac ngudn lire, phuong phap tiiuc hien. eae kit qui phin tich chinh sich mi giai doan truoe da du kiin.
Viy, di kiem ehung viec triin khai y tudng CO dung voi nguyen tie vi ngi dung xiy dung chinh sich tiii cie co quan, ei nhan c6 tiiam quyin cin phii sir dung PTTT nhu mgt edng eu quyen lire "thti tu" vio qui ttinh nay. Mue dich la de eong ehung biet duge, hiiu dupc vi nhan tiitie dung vi chinh sich, tit do ting hg, tin tudng vi min thu THCS cua Nha nudc. CSC ehu yiu dg eo quan quyin lue nhi nude cd tham quyin ban hanh, vi viy, cin bag dim nguyin tic dan ehu, binh ding vi cung khai, minh bach. Mat khie, ngi dung cua ehinh sich phai the hi?n dugc bin ehit chu truong, dudng ldi eua Ding; bio dam tinh thuc tiin; khoa hgc; ti'nh hieu qui va ngdn ngii diin dat phai chinh xic.
Qua trinh trayen thing trong giai doan niy thuc chit li qui trinh cung eip kiin thiie, md rgng su hieu biit cua cong chung ve chinh saeh, nang eao trinh dg din tri, gdp phan xay dung chinh sach dip iing yiu eau thuc tiin vi tao ddng thuin eag trong xa hgi.
Vi vay, phuong phip trayen thong trong giai doan nay cin tap Dung thu hut, van dgng su tham gia cua cong ehung hieu ve chinh sach, nhan thuc dung vi ehinh sach de hg chip thuan va lua chgn, eg nhu vay mod tao dugc ddng thuan cao trong qua trinh xay dung va THCS sau nay. Trong giai doan nay, cie nhi xay dung ehinh sach cd tiii sir dung da dang cic kinh tiuyin thong nhu trayen tiiong tnrc tiep tiidng qua hgp bao gidi thiiu vi ehinh sich; thdng qua cie kenh trayen thong dai
D
TAP CHl Q U A N LY N H A Nl/<3C - S6 293 (6/2020);.3CHfCACH MANG VIET NAM (21/6/1925-21/6/2020)
chung nhu truy^'n hinh, dai, bao, tap chi va k6nh truydn thdng di^n tit, intemet...
Viec sii dung cac kenh truyen thdng, ngoai truydn tai ndi dung thdng tin nhanh va pham vi rdng se giup eho cac nha xay dung chinh sach cd dirae thdng tin phan hoi nhanh. Ddng thdi, tuyen truy6n dupc tu tudng, gay dung niem tin cho cdng chung hieu chinh sach, giiip eho viec xay dung chinh sach tdt, hpp ly, giai quySt tdt nhung Vein de kinh te - xa hpi, thiic day xa hdi phat trien, ddng thai chdng dupe tham nhung, tieu cue trong qua trinh xay dung chinh sSch; hko dam ndi dung vg chinh sach dupe minh bach va d^n vdi t^t ca cac ddi tuang trong xa hgi.
Thuba, thuchi$n CSC, sau giai doan van bin chinh sach duoc ban hanh, day la budc dua chinh sach via thuc td.
Budc nay bao gdm ede ndi dung: phd bi^n chinh sach tu vi$c lap ke hoach, td chiie triSn khai thue hien ke hoaeh, ehuan bi cac ngudn luc va huy ddng cdng chiing tham gia THCS. Tren thuc te, cd nhung chinh sach can cd su huy ddng tham gia cua cdng chiing vao qua trinh thtrc hign nhung cung cd nhung chinh sdch mang tinh mae nhien. Tuy vay, dii la mSc nhien hay can huy ddng su tham gia, thiet nghi viee su dung truyen thdng vao qud trinh thuc thi chinh sacli la cin thi^t.
Han th^ nua, viec thuc hien CSC can cd su hd trp mang tinh ky thuat, tang cudng nang luc THCS cdng nhu hudng dan thue hien cac chinh sach mdi.
Ndi dung truydn thdng trong giai doan nay can tap trung vao hai v ^ de chinh, do la: tuyen truyen, phd bien ndi dung va giam sdt THCS. Day la mpt trong nhiing chiie nang quan trpng hang dau ciia truyen thdng dai chiing. Ngoai viec phd bien va giam sat, npi dung truyen thdng cdn giiip tang cuong su phan bien eua xa hpi, su phan bien ciia cdng chiing ddi vdl chinh sach, qua do lam ro hon phuong thirc thuc hien, huy ddng ngudn luc,
tri tue tap xh6 eiia ddng dao nhan dan vao viec gop y kign hoan thien cae chii truang ehinh saeh ldn eiia Dang va Nha nudr.
Nghi quyet Trung uong 8 (khda XII) eiia Dang da n h ^ manh "chii trpng edng tdc tuyen truyen, nang cao nhan thiie, thdng nhat tu tudng trong toan Dang, toan dan;
tiep tuc xay dung, hoan thien cdc the ehe, chinh sdch, bd sung ede quy hoach, ke hoach, chuong trinh, du an dau tu sat hop vdl thue te". Nhan thiic cua Dang v^ hoan thien chu truong, chinh sach va cdng tac tuyen truyg'n, van ddng, huy dpng su tham gia cua cong ehiing vao qua trinh xay dung va thue thi chinh sach da ro. Cdn ddi vdi hoat ddng gidm sdt THCS ciia cae PTTT cung da dupe Dang xae dinh ro tai Nghi quyet Trung uong 6 Ian hai (khda VIII), trong dd kh^ng dinh, bdo chi va truyen thong dai chiing la mpt trong bdn he thdng giam sat xa hdi.
Giam sat THCS ciia truyen thdng la giam sat chu yeu bang "tai mdt" ciia Nhan dan, giam sat b&ng du luan xa hdi. Dd la qud trinh gidm sdt mang tinh toan dien ddi vdi viec THCS, tranh tham nhung trong THCS. Chue nang giam sat xa hdi cua truyen thdng trong qua trinh THCS la chi ra nhung nai lam diing, lam hay. Ddng thdi, cung kip thdi phat hien nhung noi THCS chua diing hoae lam sai, nhiing noi vi pham THCS. Tir dd, cac co quan cd trdch nhiem kip thdi ehan chinh nhung noi lam chua diing va bi^u duong nhung nai lam tdt. Vai trd ciia truyen thdng THCS la dinh hudng du luan xa hdi theo hudng ung hd hoae chi trieh, tao dp luc du luan va bupc cae ea quan chiu trdch nhiem THCS phai giai quyet, giai thieh va giai dap trud^ Nhan dan, truoc eong luan. Ban than CSC khong phai tu than di vao thuc te ma can ed nhiing quyet dinh thuc hien diing.
Chinh vi vay, giai doan nay ddi hdi su tham gia ciia ca quan truyen thong de thiie day viec THCS. Phuang thiic truyen thdng chii yeu la de van dpng cdc to chiic, doanh
TAP CHf QUAN Lt NHA NUCfC - S6 293 (6/2020)
KY N I 6 M 95 NAM NGAY BAO C H ( C A C H MANG VIET NAM U 1 / 0 / 1 ^
nghiep va nguoi dan thuc hien diing chinh sach, hon the nua. dieu ehinh nhung nhan thiic cdn lech lac, giiip hp nhin nhan mdt each tich cue, tien tdi thay ddi hanh \i ciia ngirdi thuc thi chinh sach. Truyen thdng thdng tin vao qua irinh THCS la mdt qua trinh ly tudng bao gdm cac yeu td cdt Idi nhir phuang phap thuc hien; ndi dung thuc hien;
cdc ngudn luc de thuc hien; don vi td chiic th^c hien; co chg phdi hpp, co ehe kiem tra giam sdt; coche danh gia qud trinh thuc hien n h ^ huy ddng su tham gia eiia cdng chiing vao qud trinh THCS trong thuc tg.
Thu tu. ddnh gia chinh sach.
Khac vai cdc loai van ban khae, hoat dpng danh gia ehinh sach thuc hien ca khau trudc khi ban hanh chinh sach hay cdn goi la danh gia tdc ddng ciia chinh sdch va danh gia chinh sach trong qua trinh thuc hien. Dd chinh la khau gidm sat thuc dii va cudi cCing.
sau mdt thdi gian thuc hien can phai danh gia ket qua thuc hien. Co quan ban hanh chinli sdch, coquan thuc thi thudng la cac co quan hanh phap quyet dinh ddnh gia chinh sach, cd trach nhiem giam sdt chinh sach, to chiic kliao sat mdt cdch khach quan ddi voi kg't qua chinh sdch. Truyen thdng la ca mdt qud trinh cung cap kien thiic, md rdng hieu biet, nang cao trinh dp dan tri va gdp phan cai thien su hieu biet eiia ngudi dan va cdng ddng ve ket qua THCS. Chinh \i vay, CSC rail can nhirng danh gia ddc lap ve ehinh saeh sau mdt didi gian tliuc hien.
Thuc hien truyen thdng trong giai doan nay. trudc het can thu thap thong tin thue te ve kei qua THCS. Tirdd, cd cosdkiem chiing lai nhung ndi dung, phuong an. ky thuat ma CO quan ban hanh dua vao trong chinh sach xem cd phii hpp vdi dieu kien thuc te khdch quan hay khong. Chi khi truyen thdng vao cupc thi ket qua danh gid chinh sdch moi duoc don vi danh gia chinh sach ddc lap cung cap. Thdng qua cdc kenh truyen thdng.
thdng tin ve ket qua danh gia chinh sach dupc nguoi dan biet den, ddn nhan va hudng ling.
Nhu vay. chinh sdch cd tinh chu trinh cho den khi van de duoc xu ly xong. Truyen diong danh gia ehinh sdch cd hieu qua, trudc khi truven thdng, cac co quan, to chiic can phai trd lai duoc cdc cau hdi: Kdt qud ciia CSC cd dat duoc nliu muc tieu ban dau dat ra khdng? Viec danh gid cac muc tieu CSC can thue hien nhu the nao? Tdc ddng ciia CSC tren tat ca cac phuong dien dat dupc nhu the nao, can danh gid ke ca nhiing tdc ddng klidng mong dpi? Viec danh gid khdng cd nghia la ket thiic CSC ma la nhdm sua ddi, hoan thi?n, chuan bi eho CSC mdi duac xay dung tdt hon, phu hpp vol thuc tien hon.
CSC la mdt pham tni co ndi ham rpng, cd lien quan den nhieu linh vuc ciia ddi sdng xa hdi, la edng cu vi md ciia Nha nude de dieu tiet va qudn ly eae qud trinh kinh te - xa hgi mdi mdt qud'e gia. Chinh sdch diing va phii hpp se bao dam eho cdc hoat ddng kinh te ed hieu qua, thiie day tang trudng kinh tg, cai thien ddi sdng cua Nhan dan, qua dd gdp phan tich cue vao viec cung cd quyen luc nhd nude. Truyen thong trong qud trinh ehinh sdch, suy cho dgn ciing la de CSC bao dam ehat lupng, hieu qua, phii hpp vdi thuc tg khach quan, di vao thuc te ddi sdng xa hoin
Chu diich:
1. Hoc vien Hanh chinh Qudc gia. Mot so thuat nguhanh chinh. H. NXB The gioi, 2000, tr. 53.
Tii h$u tham khio:
1. Quye't dinh sd 22/2002/QD-TTg ngay 30/01/2002 cua Thu tuang Chinh phu ve hoat dong UI van, phan bien va giam dinh xa hoi cua Lien hiep cac Hoi Khoa hoc va Ky thuat Viet Nam.
2. van kien Dai hoi Dang tan diiJX, Xi, XIL 3. Nguyin VSn Dimg. Bao chi iruyen thong bien dai (tuban lam den ddi thudng). H. NXB Dai hgc Qudc gia, 2011.
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