T H I E T K E B A H D O T l T D U Y H O T R O D A Y H O C
• • • M O H T O A H C A C L 0 P C O 6 I C A P T I E U H O C
TS. Dang Thj Thu Thuy
Vien khoa hoc Gido due Viet Nam
B a n do tu- duy (BDTD) con gpi la so do til duy, lilpc do til duy,... la hinh thdc
"ghi chep" bang each ket hpp viec sd dung dong thdi hinh dnh, dudng net, mdu sdc, chu viet vdi sd tU duy tich cdc nham tim tdi dao sau, md rdng mdt y tiidng. Dac biet BDTD Id mdt sd do rd't md, khdng yeu cdu ti le, chi tiet khdt khe nhii bdn do dia li, cd the ve them hodc bdt cdc nhdnh, mdi ngtidi ve mot kieu khdc nhau, dung mdu sac, hinh dnh, cdc cum tii dien dat khdc nhau, cimg mdt chu de nhung mdi ngtidi cd the "the hien" nd theo mot each rieng do dd viec lap BDTD phat huy dtfpc tdi da nang ltfc sang tao cda mdi ngtfdi. Viec lap BDTD cd the dung phan mem hoae dung bdt mau, bdt chi, giay, bia, phan mau, bang,... nen de van dung va cd tinh kha thi cao. Do stf ket hpp gitfa dtfdng net, mau sac, chu viet va hinh anh lien ttfdng nen BDTD nhtf mdt "bdc tranh hdi hoa - kien thdc". Lua tudi hpc sinh (HS) tieu hpc, Ida tudi hpc ma choi, choi ma hpc, HS thtfdng td md, hieu ddng. Stf htfng thd, kha nang tap trung chd y cua HS thtfdng dtfpc kich thich, tang nhieu bdi nhtfng hinh anh dep mat - BDTD phat huy dtfpc the manh dd.
* Nhan bai ngay 23/3/20H
Bai viet nay gidi thieu each thiet ke va sd dung BDTD hd trp day hpc mdn Toan cac ldp cudi cap tieu hpc.
Kien thdc toan cua cac ldp 4, 5 dtfpc trinh bay trong sach giao khoa, theo cac muc nhd, mdi chu de toan thtfdng dtfpc rai ra trong nhieu tfet, vi vay viec dtfng BDTD de he thdng lai kien thdc cda mdt chd de, mdt chtfong la rat can thiet de HS cd the nam dtfpc tdng the ma lai chi tiet chu de kien thdc vda hpc. Hon ntfa, HS cac ldp cudi cap tieu hpc da cd the sd dung bdt mau, bdt chi de ttf thiet lap dtfpc BDTD he thdng lai kien thdc mdt bai, mdt chu de, mdt chtfOng.
Do BDTD chd trpng tdi mau sac, hinh anh, diidng net vi vay nen cho HS sd dung bdt mau, phan mau de viet, ve. Cac BDTD cd trong bai nay deu cd nhieu mau sac (mdi nhanh mdt mau va chu cda nhanh nao cung mau vdi nhanh dd) nhtfng do dieu kien in bao nen chi cd mdt mau.
Sau day se dtfa ra cac btfdc thiet lap mdt BDTD thdng qua mdt vi du cu the': Chu de phan so Toan 4. SGK trinh bay thanh nhieu de muc nhd: Phan so; Phan so va phep chia so ttf nhien; Phan so bang nhau; Rut
gon phan so; Quy ddng mau so cac phan sd; So sanh hai phan sd cdng mau sd; So sanh hai phan so khac mau sd va rat nhieu tiet luyen tap xen ke (td trang 106 den trang 124), vi vay khi hpc xong cac bai nay cho HS lap BDTD de he thdng lai kien thdc la rat can thiet.
Biidc 1. Chon td trung tam (hay cdn gpi la td khoa, keyword) la ten cua mdt bai hay mdt chd de hay mdt ndi dung kien thdc can khai thac (cum td "phan sd", "dau hieu chia het", "hinh binh hanh",
"hinh chtf nhat",...) hoae la mdt hinh anh, hinh ve ma ta can phat trien (hinh binh hanh, hinh thoi,...).
Hay bat dau vdi mdt cum ttf hay mdt hinh anh, hinh ve da chpn de d trung tam cho to, rd rdi bat dau ve cac nhanh.
Biidc 2. Ve nhanh cap 1 Cac nhanh cap 1 chinh la cac ndi dung chinh cua chu de dd (hay ten cac muc cda sach giao khoa), chang han nhtf vdi chu de "phan so"- Toan 4, thi cd the ve bdn nhanh cap 1 dd la: Viet, dpc phan sd; Phan sd bang nhau; Quy ddng mau so cac phan sd; So sanh hai phan sd. Ltfu y cac nhanh cap 1 can bd tri deu, can ddi quanh hinh anh trung tam.
14 • TAP CHI THIET Bj QIAO DUC - SO 68 - A/2011
HUONG DAN QUAN LY, SU* DUNG I I
3 i
4 4
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Hinh 1 Butfc 3. Ve nhanh cap 2,3,.
uvift: v.diHUftJnl jlbldstl
Phis •. 1 •.m "' li 5 miu it 11 Ml fin
Wit rit Joe lihin *i iii pMt> 'li I" ^^Jj^^
BUY] Irunj ttii bid Jiwi Jjy:
Hinh 2 Bu'dc ba la qua trinh lap lai
cua budc 2, cac cum tu ghi tren moi nhanh cap 1 bay gid dong vai tro la tii khoa cua nhanh cio. Cac nhanh con cap 2, 3,...
cua moi nhanh cap 1 chinh la cac nhanh con cua nhanh con trudc no hay noi ro hon la cac y cua noi dung cua cac nhanh con trQdc do (neu co). Chang han, nhanh cap 1 "viet, doc phan so"
ta co the dtia ra hai nhanh cap 2 do la: vi du va bai tap.
Tiep tuc trien khai cac nhanh cap 1 con lai.
Btfdc 4: Hoan thien BDTD Nhti ta da biet BDTD la mot so do md, moi ngUdi cd the ve theo mdi each khac nhau, dung hinh anh khac nhau, mau sac khac nhau sao cho vda truyen
tai dtidc ndi dung kien thdc ma lai phu hop vdi nang khieu tham mi rieng nen ta cd the bo sung, them, bdt nhanh, td mau,...
neu can.
Chang han, xin gidi thieu mdt BDTD da dQpc thiet ke tren phan mem Buzan's i M i -
ndmap sau day:
BDTD tren chd trong tdi kenh hinh, mau sac (mdi nhanh mdt mau) va cac vi du, khdng diia ra cac phat bieu bang ldi ve cac tinh chat, quy tac vi vay GV nen cho cac em nhin vao BDTD phat bieu thanh ldi cac khai niem, quy tac lien quan hoae cho them vl du khac nda.
BDTD tu duy ndi tren hoan
toan cd the dung but mau, phan mau,... ve bang tay tren giay, bia, bang,...va cd the sd.*dung nd nhu mdt do dung day hoc trong nhieu nam.
GV can khuyen khich, tao CO hdi cho HS tQ viet, ve lap BDTD va thao luan nhdm de cac em tap duot phan tich, tdng hop, so sanh,... rut ra kien thdc, han che viec HS chi duoc xem BDTD cd tinh chat minh hoa kien thdc. Can tranh tU tudng ngai cho HS thiic hanh, thao luan vi sp mat thdi gian, sp ldp hpc dn,...»
Tai lieu tham khao:
1. Tran Dinh Chau. Sii dung Ban do tU duy - mot bien phap hieu qua ho tro HS hoc tap mon toan. Tap chi Giao due, ki 2, thang 9 - 2009.
2.Tran Dinh Chau, Dang Thi Thu Thuy. Svi dung ban do tti duy gop phan tich cue hoa hoat dong hoc tap cua HS, Tap ch: Khoa hoc gido due, so chuyen de TBDH nam 2009.
3. Tony Buzan - Ban do Til duy trong cong viec - NXB Lao dong - Xa hoi.
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