NGON NGC & D 6 I S 6 N G S 6 6 ( 2 9 9 > ^ 0 2 0 ^
JNGOAI NGU' \'0I BAN l^GUJ
MOT SO HOAT DQNG GIUP SINH VIEN LUYEN TAP CAU GIAN TIEP
NGUYEN THI THU H A N G *
TOM TAT; Tiing Anh Id rapt rafln hpc quan ttpng song lgi li diim yiu cfla khd nhiiu sinh viin khflng chuyen. Vdi nhiiu era, vipc nim dupc kiin thfle ngfl phip tiing Anh Id mpt nhipm vy budn te vi khd khdn, vd dang cau gian tiip thyc sy li mpt bii toan khd vdi rat nhiiu sinh viin vi nd lien quan den nhieu kiin thfle khic nhau. Bdi viit ndy di xudt mpt sd hogt dgng nhdm giup cho vipc dgy va luypn tgp cdu gidn tiip ttin Idp ttd nen thu vj vd di ding ban cho sinb viin, vdi mong mufln gdp phdn Idm cho vipc dgy va hge cau giin tiep ndi riing vd ngfl phdp tiing Anh nfli chung si dgt hipu qud cao hon.
TLT K H 6 A ; cdu giin tiep; eau tryc tiip; hogt dpng; day va hpc; tiing Anh.
NHAN BAl; 2/3/2020. BIEN TAP-CHINH SiTA-DUYET DANG: 23/6/2020 1. Md dau
Trong xu thi hpi nhip, nhu ciu hge ngogi ngfl lufln ludn duge dit ra vi ngiy cang ting Ien. Khi hpc mpi ngdn ngu, vipc ndm dupc ngu phap cfla ngdn ngfl dd ddng rapt vai ttd rdt quan ttpng vi nd giiip ngudi hpc hiiu dupc chinh xdc ngi dimg dupc truyen tdi ttong cdc van bin ndi hoic viit ciing nhu giup hp dien dgt dflng vi dii npi dung can truyin dgt khi thara gia giao tiip.
Cd the hieu idng ngfl phdp Id nhflng quy tdc ngdn ngu mi nguoi phdt ngdn phii tuan theo de tgo ra cau boie phdt ngfln cfl nghTa vi ngudi tiep nhdn thdng tin cd thi gidi ma dupc. Xit tfl gdc dO dgy hpc ngfln ngfl, ngfl phdp lufln gdn chit vdi cdc myc tieu su phgm, giup ngudi day ngdn ngu cd thi gpi md cho ngufli hpc ndm duge vd van dyng cdc quy tic ngdn ngfl de tien hdnh giao tiip cd hipu qui.
Khi nim chic cic cau tnic ngfl phdp, ngudi tham gia giao tiep mdi cd thi phat huy duge von tri thfle ve ngfl im vi tu vyng di td hpp thanh cau vi van ban cd nghTa, truyen dat dung thdng tin vi giup cho ngudi nghe, ngudi dpc cd thi hiiu dupc thdng tin ma ngudi ndi hay ngudi viet can truyin dat nhim thyc hipn myc dich giao tiip. Ngfl phdp the hiin sinh dpng nhat phuang thfle tu duy cfla radi din t^c the hipn qua cdu trflc ngon ngfl nin nd ludn li ndi dung quan trgng ttong day vi hpc ngdn ngft ndi chimg vi ngogi ngfl ndi riing.
Vdi lgi the Id mpt ngdn ngfl quoc ti, riing Anh ludn thu hiit duge rat nhieu ngudi hge, Trong tiing Anh, di sfl dyng dupc ciu gidn tiip, ngudi bgc cdn nim dupc rit nhiiu kiin thfle ngfl phap vd tu vyng liin quan nin ddy thyc sy la rapt kiin thfle khd khd di cd Uii dung Uiinh thao. Vd chinh vi nd phflc tgp nin cung di khien ngudi hpc nan Idng.
Nhiiu nfim giing dgy cho sinh vien khdng chuyin tai Tniong Dgi bgc Khoa hpc Xa hpi vi Nhan vin. tdc gii nhin Uiiy vipc gidng li ihuyil vi ciu gian tiip kem sfl dyng ngufln bii tap ttong giao ttinh hay cdc sdch tham khao my cflng giflp sinh viin ndm dupc phdn nao each su dung va lam duge mpt sd bii lgp. song cdch dgy dd khd mit thdi gian va cung chua thyc sy lam cho sinh vien thich thu.
Tuy nhien. khi lic gii Uiam khdo vd dua vdo gid hpc nhung hogt dpng luyen lap cau gidn tiip khic khau, sinh viin ti-d nin sdi ndi hon vd hdo hflng tham gia hon. Cic em cung nhd kiin thfle nhanh hon vd Idu hon. Trong bii viit niy, tic gja si chia si rapt sfl boat dpng giup sinb vien luyin tip cau gian tiip rai Idc gid da dp dung cho ldp ciia minh mpt cich hipu qua.
2. Vai trd cua dpng co- - hflng thu trong day-hpc ngoai ngfl
Theo Gemgross (2007), c6 rdt nhieu Ii do, chii quan hoic khich quan, khiin ngudi hpc khdne mudn hpc ngfl phdp, bao gdm cd li do hg chua thyc sy hflng thfl vd chua sin sing di hpc. Done ca ttong hpc tgp ddng mgt \ai trd then cbflt dfli vdi thanh cflng mi nguoi hpc dat dupc Baion (19961 djnh nghTa dpng co Id "mpi qua trinh ty thin raa khong thi dupe nhm ibiy ttyc tiip nhung nd eifln
* ThS; Tnrdng Dgi hge Ngoai ngd - Dgi hge Qudc gia Hd Ngi; Emad: [email protected]
So 6(299)-2020 NGON N G f & POU SONG 89^
khdi d0ng, djnh hudng vd duy tri phin flng tich cyc cua nguoi hpc ttong sudt qui trinh hpc". Theo E}omyei (2001), "cd nhdn cd dpng ca hogt dgng si nfl lyc hit minh, ludn kien tii \ a tip tiamg din cflng vipc dang Idm". Cdn Uieo Schunk (2008), "... dgng ca giup sinh vien thuc sy bi thu hflt vao cac hogt dgng trong qud trinh hpc tgp". Nhflng sinh viin cd dpng ca hpc tip se quan tam nhiiu ban din cic chfl di mi hp hpc, vi do viy hg si dinh nhiiu thdi gian hem cho cdc hogt ddng bgc. Ngodi ra, khi gip phdi bit ki khd khin ndo ttong hge tap, hg cung si khdng di tfl bfl.
Trong qui tiiiih hpc tip cfla sinh vien, hflng thfl bgc t ^ ddng vai ttd ddc biit quan ttpng nhdm ndng cao hipu qui cfla cac qud ttinh hpc tgp. Chinh hflng thu ttong hpc tip giflp siiUi viin giim rapt mdi, cing thing, ting sy chu y, thuc diy tinh tich eye tim tdi, sdng tao. Hflng thfl tao cho sinh vien d0ng Iyc tich cyc hpc tip, kbit khao khdm pha, tim hieu vi chiim ITnh tri thuc. Niim hung thii ttong hpc lgp ciia sinh viin chju tie dpng tich cyc vi tieu cyc tii nhieu yeu id nhu yiu td chfl quan (ngudi hpc) vd yiu t6 khdch quan (ngudi dgy, ngi dung, mfli trudng bgc...). De ndng cao hipu qud cua qud trinh dgy hpc, khflng chi ngudi hge ty nang cao hflng thfl bgc tap md ngudi thiy ciing phdi tich cyc ddi mdi phuang phdp, hinh thfle to chuc dgy hge di tgo ra hflng thu cho sinh viin, tfl dd tgo ra dgng lyc di sinh viin hflng thfl vdi mfln hge.
Hipn nay, phucmg phap day ngfl phap theo dudng hudng giao tiip dang duge ua chupng. Theo dudng hudng ndy, ngudi dgy cin hudng cho ngudi hpc van dyng eie hiin lugng ngfl phdp vfla hge vd cic hipn tupne ngfl phap di hpc di tiin hdnh cdc hogt dpng giao tiip.
Theo quan diem ciia ngudi viit, di cd thi tgo hflng thu cho ngudi hge, giao vien can phit huy d^ng thdi vai ttd cua cdc phuang tipn nghe, nhin. Day hge ngfl phdp cdng can mfl hinh hda cdc ciu tnic, vj tri thdnh phdn cau, mdu cau... vdi cdc miu sic, co, kieu chu, ddng khung... nhdm kich thich thj gidc cfla smh vien, thu hiit sy chu y, tip trung cua cic em vao nhijng tam diim kiin thfle, tao an tupng siu cho sinh viin, vi tu thj giic tac dgng tich cue lin nao bp, giiip sinh viin thflng qua quan sat cd thi phdt hi§n vi ghi nhd van di theo quy luat nhan thfle "tic tryc quan sinh dpng den tu duy trim tupng". Tren ca sd sinh vien di tiip Uiu duge cac kiin thuc Ii thuyet, bing viee thiel ke nhiiu tinh hu6ng giao tiep da dgng, ngudi dgy kich nhu ciu thyc binh cua sinh viin, giup hp chfl dpng, tich cyc v|n dyng cic quy tdc ngfl phdp vdo thyc hanh nhim cflng cd, hipn thyc hda cac kiin thfle da va vfla hpc.
Ngodi ra, vi^c kit hgp thim nhflng hogt dgng khic nhau di tgo tmh hudng cho ngudi hge luypn tip cung vfl cimg can thiit, bdi IS nhflng boat dpng nhu vdy se lam tdng su hip hin cho bufli hpc, giiip tgo hung thu hpc cho sinh vien. Dieu nay cdng cin thiet ttong gid hpc ngu phap - mpt npi dung hge cd vi khd khan vdi nhflng cdng thfle, quy tic, nhirng li thuyit khi phflc tap vd khd nhd. Vipc gay dupc hflng thfl cho ngudi hpc sS giflp qui trinh nhdn thfle, tiip thu kiin Uiflc ttd nen de dang vi hipu qui ban, bdi nhu Nguyen Quang Uin (2005) di djnh nghTa, "Hihig thii la thai dp nhan thuc die bipt doi vdi ddi tugng nio dd vfla cd gia tri, vfla cd sue hap din kich thich con ngudi hinh dpng". Hirng thii cfla mdi ca nhan duge hinh tbinh ttong qui trinh hogt dflng se ttd thinh ddng luc thuc diy ci nhdn hogt dpng vd di siu tim hiiu ban nfla dfli tugng giy ra nd.
3. Cau gidn tiip
Trong tiing Anh thdng dyng, ddi khi chiing ta phai nhac lai mpt cau noi ciia ngudi khae vdi myc dich ki Igi hoic di nhin manh mflt vin di ndo dd ma khdng cd sy thay ddi vi ngfl nghTa. Trong cac gido trinh tiing Anh phd thdng lUiu English File, New English File, Speak Out,... ciu giin tiip la mgt n$i dung hpc mi chi xudt hipn d nhung bai gin cudi tfl trinh dp pre-intermadiate vi de ndm duge kien thfle ndy, ngudi hpc can cd kha ning van dung kha nhieu cac kiin thuc ngfl phap va tu vyng lien quan nhu thi, cic dai tfl lam chu ngfl, tan ngu, cic dgi tfl/ tinh tii sd hiru, dai tfl/ tinh tfl chi djnh, cdc till cym tu chi thdi gian, noi chfln... Hiy cimg phan tich vi dy sau;
Can vou' meet rae^ here^ tomorrow''?
•* He asked me to' meet him' there^ the next day.''
Nhin vdo vi dy, chimg ta cd thi dl dang nhin ra nhimg thay doi 6 cau giin tiip so vdi cau tryc tiep. Diy Id mgt cdu hfli, nhung raang y nghia la mdt iin yeu cau. Di ldm tflt dang ciu nay, sinh viin
NGON N G I & DOI S 6 N G S 6 6(299>-2020_
phii nim chic cdu tnic cfla cac thi (hipn tai, qua khfl, qui khfl hodn thanh...), quy tic Iui thi (bi?" '9J phii liii Uiinh qua khfl, hipn tgi hoin thinh lui xudng tbinh qud khfl hoin thinh,,. ). nim chdc cic dgi til lam chu ngfl, tai ngfl, cic tinh tii sd hflu; nim duge cic ciu tnic kbac nhau trong ciu uyc I'^P ^^
gidn tiip di cd tbi chgn duge nhihig dpng tfl trdn thuit phfl hgp (vi dy; ciu mpnh Iinh. ciu hdi vdi Can/ could you -> ask somebody to V: yiu cdu ai Idm gi, cdu vdi should/ shouldn't/ had betier.. -?
advise somebody (not) to V, can cd sorT>- -^ apologize to somebody for noun/V-ing: xin ldi ai \e..., ciu cd thanks/ thank you -> thank somebody for noim/V-ing: cim on ai vi...) ciing nhu nhinig thay ddi cua cic tii, cym tfl chi thdi gian, noi chdn khi chuyin tfl cau tryc tiip sang gidn tiip (lomoirow chuyin thdnh the next day, last week chuyen thinh the previous week, here thdnh there,...). Nhu viy, di ihinh thgo eiu gidn tiep, ngudi hge can ed khi nhiiu kiin thfle ngdn ngfl nin.
4. Thyc nghidm vi ket qua
Nhu vua di cap d tten, di sfl dyng duge eiu giin tiip ddi hdi ngudi hpc phdi nim duge rit nhiiu kiin thuc Uin quan nhu cdc thi, quy tic liii thi, cdc dgi tfl nhin ximg,...Vdi kbfli lugng kien thfle nhiiu nhu vgy, ldi dgy truyen thflng ma ttong dd, ngudi hpc dupc cung cdp nhCtng quy tdc, cau tnic, cich su dyng... vi thyc hinh qua hp thdng cdc bii tip lien quan ciu giin tiip cd the lira cho ngudi hpc ddn nim duge li ihuyit song ciing rit de khiin hg nan hoic cim thdy it hflng thu. Theo quan sit ciia ci nhin tdc gid, vdi nhittig era cd nin tdng kiin thuc tdt, cic em vdn tiip thu vi ip dyng dung.
Nhung vdi nhflng era yiu hem, each dgy tiuyen thdng chua tgo duge hflng thu hpc tgp. Nhiiu em hpc dfli phd nen kit qua hpc chua idt.
Tuy nhiin, khi tic gid dp dyng mpt sd ttd chai/ hogt dgng ngdn ngii nhdm cflng cd, luypn tip cich chuyin tfl ciu tryc tiip sang gidn tiip, phan Icm cdc em sinh viin diu td ra hdo hflng vd tham gia nhi^t tinh hon. Thay vi mpt mfli vi phdi lam nhihig bai tgp khd khan, khd nhd, cic em sinh vien soi nfli luypn tgp hon khi dupc tham gia cie hogt dpng ngdn ngfl khde nhau vdi bgn cimg Idp. Vipc hpc cdu gidn tiep khdng cfln chi bd hpp ttong nhiing bai tip ttong sich mi ttd nen sinh d$ng, thfl vj ban khi dupe Idng ghep vio nhihig trd ehoi/ hogt dpng cd tinh cgnh ttanh khien vipc luypn tgp trd nin hap dan, Ifli cu6n, nhd dd, cic em cd dpng lyc luypn tgp han.
De khing djnh Igi vai ttd cfla nhflng ttd chcri, boat dpng ngdn ngu nay, tic gid cd tiin hinh mpt khao sdt nhd di dm hieu y kiin danh gii cua cic em sinh vien. Cd 7 eau hdi khio sat (xem phy lyc) Uiiit ki d dgng \ 5n bdn word duge gfli din 69 em sinh vien ttinh dp A2 + Trudng Dai hpc KHXH vi NV qua dja chi email vd qua nhdm messenger. Do hgn chi vi mdt thdi gian nin tic gii di tiin hinh phin tich 43 eiu tri Idi sdm nhit.
Nhin chung, kit qui khdo sdt ciing mang Igi nhflng kit qud tuong tg nhu quan sit cfla tic gii. Cy Uii, ttong sd 43 sinh viin gfli phdn hdi vdi bing cau hdi khdo sat, 40 em dd tiing hge cau gidn tiip tfl tiudc vk chi cd 3 em dinh gid ngi dung niy la di. Da phin cic em (38 sinh viin) duge day Uieo l6i ttuyin thong; dd la sy kit hpp chi vdi li Uiuyit vd cic bdi tip. 35 sinh viin cho rdng cich nay hipu qui nhung chira Uui vj, vi cd 3 sinh viin danh gii la it hipu qua vd chua thu vi.
Vdi cdu hdi sd 5 \e y kiin danh gii cfla cac em ddi vdi cdch day cdu gian tiip cd kit hgp them cic trd choi/ hogt dgng ngon ngfl, cd 38 sinh viin cho ring each nay hipu qua va thu vj. Chi ed 4 era ddnh gid la hiiu qud nhung chua Ihu vj vd 1 em cho ring it hiiu qud nhung thu vj.
Nhu \ ay. cd Uii Uiiy da sd cie em Uiich vd hdo hflng hon vdi vipc luyin tap khi gido viin ldng ghip Ulim tid chai/ hogl dpng ngdn ngfl vio tinng bufli hpc. Vi ti; cac em cung thdy duge hipu qui cfla cic bogt dpng nay ddi vdi sy tiip thu bii ciia minh.
Ciu hdi 6: Theo em. cdc trd chai/ hogt ddng ngon ngd nhdm luyin tdp cdu gidn tiip cd tdc dune nhu the ndo? (Cd the khoanh nhieu han I lua chpn) duge Uiiit ki nhdm khdng djnh lgi dg tin cgy cfla nhftng cdu trd ldi dd dupc dua ra cho ciu hdi tiudc no (cau hdi sfl 5). Rit may, kit qui tde gid thu dupc khd khdp vdi kil qua Uiu duge rir ciu 5. Cy thi, co 20 em chpn B (Tgo dpng luc cho ngudi hge). 29 em chgn C (Cd dnh hudng tich cue din viic tiip thu kiin thiic), 32 em ehgn A (Ldm cho hogt dgng hge trd nin thii vi han) va cbi cd 1 em chpn D (Cd dnh hudng lieu a/c den viic tiip /fc„
hin Ihlic).
S6 6(299>-202Q NGON NGU" & BCfl SONG 91^
Vdi ciu hdi cuoi cflng; Vdi ngi dung cdu gidn tiip trong Tiing Anh em thich cdch dgy-hgc ndo sau ddy? thi da sd cdc em (35 SV) chgn cdch dgy-hgc li ihuyit. cdc bdi luyin vd cdc trd chai/ hogt dgng ngdn ngu khde nhau. Kit gud ndy mgt ldn rida khdng dinh viic nen kit hgp cdc trd chai/ hogl dgng ngdn ngd vdo qud trinh dgy-hgc cdu gidn tiep.
Tdm lgi, khio sit ndy cho thiy cdc em deu danh gid cao vipc kit hgp them cic trd choi/ hogt dgng ngdn ngft vio qui binh luypn tip cau gidn tiip bai sy kit hgp niy Iim cho viec dgy vi hpc ttd nin Uifl vj hon, cdc em cd dpng lyc luypn tgp ban, nhd dd nhanh tiip thu bdi hon.
5. M$t so bud^ day ggi ^ vdi ngi dung cSugidn tiip
Dudi diy Id mpt sd cic ttd chai/ boat dpng ngdn ngfl luypn lap cdu giin tiip dd dupe ldng ghep vio cic budc dgy can giin tiep md tdc gii di dp dung vdi ldp cua mmh nhdm Iim vipc hpc vd luypn tgp dgng ciu ndy bdt nhim chdn md Igi hiiu qud hon. Cy the cie budc nhu sau:
Budc 1: Giflp cdc em dn Igi cic thi da hpc nhu mflt each khdi dpng bing each chia ldp thinh hai dfli, sau khi moi d^i bdc thdm lugt chai, lin lugt, cdc thinh viin mSi dgi si cd I phflt de Hpt ki cdng thfle cua mOt thi ttong tieng Anh. Vi dy:
DOi I; Thi hipn tgi hoin thdnh; S + have/has (not) + V (past participle) Dgi 2: Thi hi§n tgi liep diin: S + is/am/are (not) + V-ing
DOi 1: Thi tiiang lai dan; S + will/shall (not) + V Dgi ndo ghi dflng vd nhieu hon si duge tinh diem.
Budc 2; Giiip cdc em fln lgi/ hpc mgt sd ciu tinie thudng dflng ttong dgng can gidn tiip. Cich td chfle hogt dpng giong nhu hogt dpng d budc 1. Vi dy:
Dpi I; advise somebody (not) to V; Khuyen ai (khflng) Iim gi Dpi 2: suggest that somebody (should) V; ggi y ai nin lim gi E>gi 1: invite somebody to V: mdi ai lam gt
Vdi hogt d^ng nay, ngudi day ciing c6 the yen ciu 2 dgi lam vipc theo nhdm vd cimg lipt ki cdc ciu trie minh biet tten 1 td giay A3 hoic Ao ttong 1 khodng thdi gian nhdt djnh, vi dy nhu 5 phut.
Khi hit thdi gian, 2 nhdm si dan san phdm cfla minh lin bdng. Gido viin si Id ngudi dua ra nhdn xet, phdn hdi, vd quyit djnh nhdm thing.
Vdi nhihig ldp vdi v6n tfl ehua phong phfl, ngudi day cd thi cung cap cho cic em danh sach mgt s6 nhiing dgng tfl trdn thuit hay gip vd cho cdc em 5 phflt de cd ging ghi nhd chflng, Sau dd, cd thi tiin hdnh hogt dgng giup ngudi hge nhd duge cic true ttin thuit bang each; ngudi day niu mpt cau tryc tiip, ngudi hpc s6 niu cdu tnic cfla dpng tfl ttdn thuat can su dung, Vi dy;
Teacher; Stand up
•> Student: ask somebody to V Teacher; I'm hungry
-> Student: say that/ tell somebody that Teacher: Let's go out now.
-> Student; suggest V-ing
Budc 3: Gidi Uiiiu li thuyit chuyin tii ciu tryc tiip sang gidn tiip (4 budc co ban: Chpn dpng tii trdn thugt phfl hpp, lui Uii, thay ddi cac dai tfl ldm chii ngir, dgi tfl lam tin ngfl, dai ni-tinh tit sd hiiu, dgi tfl-tinh tu chi djnh, cdc tii, cym tii chi thdi gian, nai chdn... neu can).
Budc 4: Giflp sinh viin ghi nhd cic buac bSng each:
Cung cip mpt sd vi dy vi yeu ciu sinh viin phan tich, so sanh sy thay ddi gifla cau giin tiep vd ciu tryc tiip, tfl dfl chi ra nhihig budc da duge ap dung,
Yeu cau smh viin nhic lgi cac budc cin nha khi chuyen tfl cau true tiep sang gian tiip.
Budc 5: Lim bii tgp chuyen tfl eiu true tiip sang giin tiip cd trong giio trinh va cimg chua.
Budc 6 : Lam bdi t ^ vi lUii
NGON N G C & D 6 1 S 6 N G S 6 6 ( 2 9 9 > - 2 0 2 1
Budc 7; Cimg chfta bai tip vi nha
Budc 8: Thi gitra cac nhdm vdi cac vi du cua giing viin: Cie nhdm si nghe cau tryc liip ^^^
ngudi dgy vd ghi thit nhanh ciu gian tiip ra ^ i y . Nhdm ghi dflng va nhanh hon sS dupc linh dieni.
Budc 9; Giing viin cd thi lya chpn trong sd cic hogt dflng sau (tiiy thdi gian cho phep):
1. Thi giiia cac nhdm vdi diu bii tij do mdi nhdm nghT ra. Moi mpt ciu diu bai dung ^ ^ "^9 cdu dip in dflng diu dupc rinh diim.
2. Bflc thim thi theo cdp, mdi sinh viin ty ngbi 1 cdu tryc tiip di ngudi cimg cip chuyen sang gian tiip vi ngugc Igi. Sinh viin nio dua ra diu bii hoic dip in sai si bj logi. Sinb viin hoic cgp sinh viin try lgi cudi cimg si li ngudi chiin thing. . _ 3. Ndi day chuyin: Tfly sd Iupng sinh viin cd thi chia ldp Uiinh 2-3 nhdm. Sinh vien ttong moi nhdm si dimg thdnh vdng ttdn, giing vien dit mflt cau tryc tieii, sinh viin 1 chuyen cdu dd sang gidn tiip va dit mpt eiu tryc tiip cho sinb vien 2. Sinh viin 2 ehuyin ciu cfla bgn minh sang giin riip vd ddt mgi cdu tryc tiip cho sinh viin 3... Trong qui trinh dd, sinh viin ndo dit ciu hoic chuyin sai se bi logi. Het lupt ttong nhdm, sinh viin nao dit dung si tiep tyc chai vdi sinh vien thing cfla cdc nhdm cdn lgi di chpn ra ngudi chiin thing.
4. Sfl dyng ti^nh vi ttong giao trinh; tranh anh do gidng viin hoic sinh vien suu tim hay tu vi.
Nghi ra cdc ciu Uiogi tryc tiip cho cdc nhan vgt ttong ttanh, sau dd thi ki Igi npi dung cupc hpi thogi bing cdch chuyin ldi thogi dd sang ciu gidn tiip.
5. Gidng vien niu tinh huflng (cd thi dua vio chfl di bai hpc). Sinh viin mdi nhdm ty xiy dyng hpi thogi. Nhdm xem nghe, ghi chep lai ldi thogi vd ki lgi.
Di tdng tinh hip din cho cic boat dpng, giing viin cd thi chuan bj nhihig mdn qud nhd cho cdc ci nhin/ nhdm Uiing cupc, hoic nghi ra nhung hinh phgt hii hudc cho nhittig ca nhan/ nhdm thua.
Gidng viin cung cd thi trao quyin cho sinh viin hoic nhdm thing cupc duge yeu cdu ci nhan/ nhdm thua lam mpt hogt dpng gi dd hdi hude.
6. Kit lugn
Theo Lee (1979:1), vipc dgy ngdn ngfl nen tao ra su hung Uiii.Vdi nhftng hogt dpng luypn tdp da dgng, kil hpp thim nhihig ttd chai ngdn ngu, gid hpc se bdt ndng ni, tgo duge hflng thu cho ngudi hpc, nhd dd ndng cao hipu qud cua vipc day va hpc ngft phdp. Thyc ti, khi tac gia ip dyng nhihig hogt dpng ndy tiong gid hpc vdi ldp minh, ldp hpc thyc sy soi noi ban. Cac em hge rad choi, chai md hpc nin td ra rat hdo himg vd tham gia tich cyc hem. Trong 1 budi, cd the khdng dua duge hit cdc budc, nhung cd thi ip dyng 5 budc dau d bufli 1 va cic budc cdn lgi d budi hge tiip theo di giup cdc em dn lgi bii cii ragt cich thfl vj hon.
Vipc luypn tgp ngft phdp thong qua cdc boat dgng ngdn ngft sang tao se raang lai nhiiu Igi ieh cho ngudi hpc. Nhihig hogt dpng nhu vdy lam cho gid hpc bdt te nhat va giflp loi cufln ngudi hpc vl hp duge "cd nhdn hda" vipc hge cua minh. Thong qua nhftng boat dpng khic nhau, sinh viin se dupc luypn tgp nhiiu bon, vd chinh sy da dgng ve hinh thuc luyen tap dd se Idi cufln hp, lam cho hg Ididng cdn cam Uiay ngft phdp khfl khan nfla. Vdi nhthig gpi y nay, ngudi viet hi vgng se gdp phin cimg ban be, ddng nghipp Idm cho moi gid hpc diu mdi me, hflng thii hpc tip si dupc duy tri ttong sudt thdi gian trin ldp, giup cho sinh vien cd dupc khdng khi hpc tip soi nfli, nhp nhing raa hipu qui cao.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Baron. R.A. (1996), Psychology. New Delhi; Prentice-Hall of India.
2. Dorayei. Z, (2001), Ne» themes and approaches in second language motivation research.
Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 2 (1), 43-59.
3. Gemgross.G, Puchta.H. Thombury.S (2007), Teaching Grammar Creatively. Helbling Languages.
4. Hadfield, J and Hadfield, C (2015), Teaching Grammar Creatively. Creatively in the English Language Classroom. British Council.
5. UUiara-Koenig, C , Oxenden, C , & Seligson, P. (2012), English File Pre- iniemiediate - student's book, Oxford; Oxford Univeisity Press.
S^ 6 ( 2 9 9 ) - 2 0 2 0 NGON NGlT & DOU SONG 93
6. Lee, W. R. (1979), Language teaching games and contest. Hong Kong; Oxford English.
7. Nguyen Quang Udn (2005), Gido trinh tdm li hge dgi cirang. Nxb Dgi hoc Su pham.
8. Oxenden, C . LaUiam-Koenig, C. & Seligson, P. (1997), New English File intermediate - student's book Oxford: Oxford University Press.
9. Pennington, CM edited (1995), New Way in Teaching Grammar. Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc.
10. Schunk, D.H., Pintrich, P.R., &Meece, J.L. (2008), Motivationin education: Theory, research and application. (3id ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.
Some suggested activities for students to practise indirect speech
Abstract: English is an important subject, but it is the weak point of many non-major students. A number of students find leaming English grammar a hard and boring duty, and indirect speech seems to be too complex for them due to the fact that it relates to many other structijres and mles. This articles aims at suggesting some activities that can help students practise and memorise indirect speech more easily, interestingly and effectively.
Key words; indirect speech; direct speech; activities; teaching and leaming; English.
PHVLVC Bang cau hdi khao sat ^ kiin
1. Trudc khda hpc niy, era di timg hpc n$i dung ciu giin tiip trong Tiing Anh chua?
A, Roi B. Chua
2. Em thiy npi dimg cau gidn tiip ttong Tiing Anh nhu thi ndo?
A. Dl B. Binh Uiucmg C. Khd D. Rat khfl 3. Em duge dgy eiu giin tiip theo cich thuc nio?
A. Quy tdc chuyin tfl ciu tryc tiip sang gian tiip cung cic bii luypn tap.
B. Quy tic chuyin tfl ciu tryc tiip sang gian tiip, cdc bai luyen cimg cac tto chcri/ hoat dpng ngfln ngfl khde nhau.
4. Em ddnh gii thi nio vi vipc dgy- ciu gidn tiip thflng c^ua cic quy tic va bdi tap?
A, it hi$u qua vd chua thfl vj B. It hiiu qud nhung tbii vj C. Hi§u qud nhung chua thfl vi. D. Hieu qud vd thii vi
5. Em dinh gid thi ndo vi cdch dgy - hpc cdu gidn tiip thflng qua quy tic, bai tap kit hgp voi cac hogt dgng ngfln ngfl?
A. it hipu qud vd chua thu vj B. It hiiu qua nhung thu vj C. Hiiu qui nhung chua thfl vj. D. Hiiu qui va thu vi
6. Theo em, cdc hogt d^ng ngon ngu nhim luypn tip cau gidn tiip cd tdc dung nhu the nao? (Cd Uii khoanh nhiiu ban 1 Iya chgn)
A. Ldm cho hogt dpng hpc ttd nin thfl vj hon B. Tgo dpng lyc cho ngudi hge
C. Cd dnh hudng tich cyc din vi^c tiip thu kiin thfle D. Cd inh hudng tieu cyc din vipc tiip thu kiin thfle E. khflng cd dnh hudng gi din viec tiip fhu kiin thfle
7. Vdi npi dung ciu giin tiip ttong Tiing Anh, em thich each day-hpc nao sau day?
A. Quy tic chuyin tiJT ciu tryc tiip sang giin tiip cimg cdc bai luyen tap.
B. Quy tic chuyin tfl cdu tryc tiip sang giin tiip, cac bai luyen cimg cac ttd chai/ hoat dpng ngdn ngfl khde nhau.
