Viee»mJ.Agrt.Sd.2016,Vol 14, No. 8:1219-1230 Tip * l KH Nong nghiep Vi«, Nam 2016. l i p 14, s6 8'1219-1230 WWW vnua.edij.vn
ONB DUNG CONG NGHE HEN fflAM V« HE IHONG mONG PN 6 M LY NGHIEN COU THAY BOI NHIET BO BE MAT 12 QOAN NOI THANH.
THANH PHO HA NOI GIAI BOAN 2005-2015
Nguyen Dire Thuan", Pham Vin Vin Khoa Quin If dil Oil, Bac viin Nong nghifp Vl$t Nam
Email: ngayen([email protected]
NgJy gui bii: 19.02.2016 Ngay chip nhin: 15.07.2016
TOMTAT
uZi^„zt2^rn:oi;^rarNvr3%tcs^^^^
Tir khoa; BSo nhist bS m|l dd lh|. h« thing lh6ng Un Hja Yj. «l5n tham.
Application of Remote Sensing and GIS fo Study Surfaoe Temperature Changes of The Urban Districts in Hanoi during 2005 - 2015 Period
ABSTRACT
Hanoi city has 30 administrative units with area of 1^44 7 t , « ' uv.i. . „
devolopmart of infrastructure and r a s l d e n c a 7 i Z I . ^ ^ 1 * W l a t i o n density loads to fast affects clrmale change In Vietnam rt^s a ^ * J ^ . ^ ^ T . ."° ' " ^ " ^ ^ '^^"''' P - ^ ™ ™ " " <hat dramatically
L.ndsatinvoi.ngi/„:a„rrtsSroi*r„r3 e:rsr2?^s":n^^^^^^^
values ware converted fmm digital number (DNI Into e n e L rf 4 , ™ . , : , ! ^'"^ ' " " ' ' = • ^^ P"»' temperature was detemiined. » l i e v ^ T [ ^ ^ ^ ^ l ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ J ^ [ - ^ ! ' " ^ - «^ "^ ^ " ^ cover lay,, via Nomiateed D i f f e r e n c . V e g e W » 3 e T a n d ™ e ™ o f t d ^ l ^ , \ ' ^
rr:Ld"sr";i;rmir£°-rar"'""'-"^^^^^^^^^
u-banlzatlon speed v ^ r e i L ™ '^"^'°" °^""°" ' » ' ™ " ' ' " ^ tempeialuie and Keywords: GIS. remote sensing, urtjan surfca temperature changes.
1. DAT VAN Bi t^c dong true as-p moi tmdng vk ddi so'ng cia
.u,.. 1.., .ong nhjg ye. / ^ ^ c .Zgt ^brtg'i:: 1-1^,1
1219
NguySn £h>c Thu$n, Phgm Vfln Vfa
cung clip thfing tin chinb xac be m a t cua k h u vtlc do. Mfit qufic gia con kho k h a n ve d i i u kien kinh t ^ nhil nufic t a thi do l a d i i u khfing t b i trong kbi qua t r i n b dfi t l u hoa n h a n h chong hiSn nay dang be tong hoa d a n ldp p h u thtic v&t, d a n tdi nhiet dp be m a t dat t a n g len, gdp p h ^ khfing nho tdi sU nong len ciia to&n cau, gay r a tbifin tai lut loi.
Hoa Ky la mot trong nhflng quoc gia di d i u trong cfing cufic nghien ctiu b i m a t trai dSt tii diJ lifiu anh ve tinh, tieu b i l u la the h e vfi tinh Landsat, md d^u la Landsat - 1 dudc phfing t h i n h cong n a m 1972, hifin nay da cfi 8 the h e Landsat nhUng chi con Landsat - 7 v& 8 la dang hoat dong. TH the h§ Landsat - 4 v& 5 da m a n g theo bfi cam TM (Thematic Mapper) nhilm t h u n h a n nftng liJi^ng bfic xa nhiet vk b thfi' he Landsat - 7 ngofti b6 cam MMS (Multi Spectral Scanner) cung cffp anh da pho nfi con mang theo b9 cam ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper+) ciing cfi k h a nflng thu nh$n nfing lil^ng bflc xa nhift ciia cac dm t u ^ g trfin be m|[t t u nhifin vft t^o r a a n h nhiet cfi dg phan giai k h a cao; thfing qua ngu^n dfl li§u nfty hoftn toftn cfi th^ xac dinh nhifit d§ cua mot khu vUc bfit Ii^ t r e n trai dfi't.
Tuy nhifin, vfto nflm 2003 Landsat - 7 da hi hong b$ cam nen dfl Ufu Snh bj iSi (soc anh) vft cd quan hftng khong vu tn^ NASA (Hoa Kj) da dfla ra phfldng phftp khfle phyc dfla tren t h u ^ t toan hSi quy nfin chfft Ifl^ing dfl lifiu v i n cfi t h l dam hao d$ chinh xac. Nftm 2013, Landsat - 8 dfl^c phfing thftnh cfing vdi aff l u ^ g kenh pho dfl0c tftng Ifin vft a n h nhift do bf cam TIRS cung cftp.
Thu dfi Hft Nfi sau khi md rfng v i dia gidi hftnh chinh tfl nflm 2008 da tftng len 30 ddn vi hftnh chfnh bao gom 12 qufui vft 17 huyfn vdi difn tfch 3.344,7 k m ^ dan cfl cung tfing Ifin gdn 7 trifu dfin. Ngofti ra, dan nhfip cU chi^m mfit sS lfldng ldn nfin vifc phftt t r i i n cd sd h ^ t i n g , nhft a dfldc md rfng gfiy ra hifn tfldng "dao nhiSt" dfi thi (bi m f t k h u Vflc do thi nfing hon so vdi cfic khu Vflc n g o ^ 6 xung quanh), gdp p h i n khfing nho d^n bi^n dfi'i khf h|iu tai Viet Nam. Dfl lifu a n h Landsat - 5 TM vft Landsat - 8 OLIATIRS (Operational Land Imager - Thermal Infrared Sensor) sS Ift ngufin dfl Ufu quan trong vft hieu qua cho vifc tfnh toan nhift do b l mfit vfi xac 1220
<finh hien t r a n g dfi't do t h i 12 qu$n n f i thftnh Ha Nfii t r o n g 3 nfim 2005, 2010 vft 2015. qua d6 a m r a raoi tfldng q u a n gifla n h i f t df b l m^t vl
ldp phia b i mat.
2. VAT L I | U VA PHXrONG PHAP
2 . 1 . VSi. l i e u ngfaien c i h iDQ lifu n g h i e n cflu bao gom dfl Iifu anh vf t i n h L a n d s a t - 5 ngfty 05/05/2005 vft 24/05/2010 vdi 7 kfinh phd'; dfl lieu a n h vf t i n h Landsat - 8 ngfty 01/07/2015 vdi 11 k e n h phfi' vft dfl Iifu tai v i tfl t r a n g bttp://eartbesplorer.usgs.gov/ cua Hfii k h a o sftt dia chfi't Hoa K J cho khu vyc t h a n h phfi" Ha Nfii vdi do p h u mfty la 0%.
2.2. Phifcfng p h a p n g h i d n c i h i 2.2.1. X&c dinb ahiSt do tbt/c bSm^t
a. X&c dinh nbiSt d0 sang (TB) - Tinh c h u y i n gia tri pixel tfl d^ng s f (DN) sang g i i tri nftng Ifldng bflc xg phfi" OU)
L a n d s a t - 5: L. = """"^^ """'V x Q^^ f
"-MIN), (Chander e t al., 2003)
Trong dd: LMAXI.I'MIN;^: Gia tri nfing iK^ng bflc xa flng vdi QcAL^^vftQ„L„,„
(Watts/(mlsrad.jim));
QCAL: Gik t r i bflc xa. dfi dfl^ic hifiu chinh vi t i n h djnh Ifldng 5 d a n g sd* nguyfin;
QCALMAX' QCAL„I„: Gi& tri bflc x ? dfi dfl^c hifu chinh vft tinh djnh Ifldng b d a n g so nguyfn, cfi gia t r i ldn n h £ t vft nhd nhft't.
L a n d s a t - 8: Li= M L X QCAL + Aj, (U.S.
Geological Simrey, 2013)
Trong dd; ML: Gift tri nfing Iflgng hflc xa md r^ng; Al,: H^ng so'hifu chinh.
- TInb chuydn gi& trf LA sang gik tti ^B-'
^^ ^ liTc^t^ ^ • ^ - Geological Survey, 2013) Trong dd: TB: Gift t r i n h i f t df chil^u sftng (Kelvin - K);
K „ Kj: H i n g so" hifu chinh dSi vdi anh h6ng ngoai n h i f t ciia vf t i n h L a n d s a t (W/(m^ar.(iiD) vfiK).
SXSE^^:Sn*;SS5'*Slf^'^***'^''^'=*"'^*'*«*'^"*''2''"»-*"*.
b-Xac dinb dp phat xa be mkt (£) - Tfnh chl so" thtfc vfit (NDVI)-NDVI = S t H S (USGS. 2001)
Trong do: RED: K e n h d6; NIR: K e n h c4n hSng ngoai.
- Tinh gia tri n a n g luong p h a n xa pho (pJ tren kenh NIR vk k e n h RED
^ • ^ - ^ - Ox = i i i ^ ^ (Gyanesh e t al.
2003)
Trong id: d: Khoang each tft trai d f t den mat troi (don vi thien vSn); ESUN,: Gia t r i n a n g luong bflc za m a t troi (W/(m=.|im));
QsE.6sz: G6c chieu m a t trdi (don vi do);
6s2: G6c thien dinh cua i s j (Os; = 90" - %^.
Landspt - «- p;^. =
ose.1 siDe., v6i pV =
^%^ + Ap(U.S. Geological Survey, 2013) Trong dd:
pA": Gift tri nftng luong p h a n xa phfi' trade hifu chinh;
Mp: Gia tri nflng I f l ^ g p h a n xa md rfng;
Ap: Hfing so hifu chinh p h a n xa.
Tinh h^p p h i n thflc vfit (pv): py = P2g-Plg
Trong d6;
i: Gia tri NDVI cua n h a n g d i i m a n h khSng t h u i n n h a t :
y i , : Gia tri NDVI ciia nhflng d i i m a n h thufin nha't ve da't va thuc vat;
Ps.. Pl. vk p , , . Pig; Gia tri p h a n xa t r e n k e n h NIR va kenh RED cua n h S n g diem a n h t h u i n
nha't vi thi^c vat va da't.
- Xac dinh do p h a t xa be mat: e = e,.p. +
£..» - P.) + dc vdi de = 4(dc).p,.a - p J (Valor et al. 1996)
Trong d6;
e,, t.: T a n xa bS m a t thuc vat va d f t t i & g ; d£: Gia tri trong sd t r u n g binh c6 t i n h den gii tri p h a t xa t r u n g btah cua cac loji be mat khac n h a u ;
(ds) = 0.04.
c. Tinb nhiet dp tbuc bSmat (Tf^:
B = EOT* = oT,, - . Tc = ^ - 273.1 (Valor et al., 1996)
Trong do: tr. H a n g so Stefan Boltzmann (5.67 I l(r" Wm - K-i): B: Bflc xa ta'ng duoc p h a t (Wm"); Tc: Nhiet do t h u c be m a t fC); e: Thay doi tii 0 de'n 1.
d. Danb gia dp chinb xic kei qua tinb nbiet dp be mat
Do chinh xac ket qua t i n h nhiet do t h u c be m a t duoc d a n h gia dua vao gia tri chenh lech nhiet do (bias) la hieu stf gifla gia trj tfnh toan tfl d a lieu a n h ve t i n h a c ' ' " ' ) v a gia t r i q u a n t r i e ( T « » " • * ) : bias = Tc™ - Tc"""" * (Tran Thi Van, 2014)
2.Z.2.Xic dinb bien tracngIclp pbu be mat Phuong phap p h a n loai c6 k i i m dinh la hinh thflc p h a n loai mk cac chi tieu p h a n loai duoc xac lap dfla t r i n cac vung mSu va dUng l u a t quyet dinh dUa tr6n t h u a t toan thich hop d l g i n n h a n pixel flng vdi tflng vflng p h u cu t h I . T h u a t toan duoc lUa chon d l thuc h i j n la t h u a t toan xac sua't cue dai.
g , ( x ) = l n p ( o ) , ) - | l n | S , | - i ( x - m , ) ^ i ; ; ' ( x - r a , ) (Gupta. 1991)
^ Trong d6: i; Dcfi tuOng p h a n loai; x: Stf k e n h pho; p((aj: Gia tri xac x u f t xay r a khi doi tuong CO, gitfng cac doi tuong khac; IZ, I: Ma t r a n h i | p phuong sai c i a dSi tuong o>,; J , ' ; Ma t r a n nghich dao cua dm tuong a,; m,: Gia tri vector thay doi phtf.
Day la each thflc p h a n loji chinh xac n h u n g lai m a t n h i l u thcli gian ti'nh toan va p h u thutfc su p h a n btf c h u i n cua dfl liju (Nguyen Due T h u a n et al.. 2015). Bao gtfm cac butfc n h u sau:
- Xac dinh cac loai d f t theo muc dfch s 4 dung n h i m xay d u n g khtfa giai doan anh.
- Lua chon cac dac tinh ve phtf vk du trflc n h i m tach biet cac Mp dtfi tuong vffi n h a u .
- Chon viing m i u l i khoanh ve true titfp len a n h va n o quytft dinh ttfi ktft qua p h a n loai.
1221
Iguy^ Diic Thufn, Phgm Vftn Vfa
- D a n h gift do chinh xac tfip mfiu la so s a n h sfl khftc bift ciia moi m a u p h a n loai vdi cac mftu khac.
- D a n h gia do chinh xftc p h a n loai anhdfla vfto chl so Kappa (K), chi so* nfty nftm trong p h a m vi tfl 0 den 1 vfi bieu t h i sfl giam theo ty lfi ve sai so dudc thflc hien bfing mot yfii to' p h a n loai hoftn toan n g l u nhien.
'^ = [^p.-p^i.-^j][N'-p X^-xJ
(Jei Trong do;
N: T i n g so" d i i m Ifi'y mfiu;
r: So ldp dot tvLOng phfin loai;
x„: Sfi* diem thflc dia dflng trong ldp thfl 1;
x,*: Ting diim thflc dia dia ldp thfl i cua mftu;
x„: T i n g diim thi?c dta ciia Idp thfl i sau phfin lo^i.
2Jl^ XAc dinb ttfdog quan givta nbiSt d^ bi m^t do tbi va Icfp phu bStn^t
Mfi hinh b l i quy tuyfn tfnh nhieu chilu lft nghifin cflu sfl p h u thufic ciia mfit bie^n n g l u nhifin y trfin n h i l u bien dfc Ifip Xj, x^, ..., x^. Do dd mfi hinh tong quat cd dang: Y = a + b,Xi + bjXj + ... + bjXk (Lfi Dflc Vinh, 2006).
T r o n g dfi.
bl, bj,™, b^: He s6h6i quy tflng p h i n ; a: H e s f i ' c h ^ .
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3 . 1 . X a c d i n h n h i f t d o t h t f c b l mait giai d o a n n a m 2005, 2010 v a 2 0 1 5
3.1.1. XSc dinb nbiSt do saag (T^) a. TInh chuyin gia tri pixel tif d^g si(Dl^
sanggia tri nSngItipng bUcxa phi(Lj) Gift t r i DN (Digital Number) lft gift tri ciifl cftc d i i m a n h Iflu b d a n g sfi". Dfl Iifu Landsat - 5 CO cft'u trflc la 8 bit n e n gift tri D N tfl 0 din 2*.
cdn dfl lifu L a n d s a t - 8 cd cfi'u trflc Ift 16 bit nfin gifi t r i DN tfl 0 d i n 2^«. Gia tri Lj lft gifi tri nftng Ifldng mfi cftc doi tfldng t r e n be m f t dft't h i p thv s a u do bflc xa vfto khf q u y i n . Quft trinh tfnh c h u y i n gift tri DN sang gift t r i L^ cho kfinh 3. 4 vft 6 vdi dfl lieu L a n d s a t - 5, kfinh 10 vdi dQ lifu L a n d s a t - 8 (Bang 2) dfldc t i n h toan dfla trfin cfic gift t r i bflc X9 phfi' chuin
LMlNj,.LMAXrQcALMAx' ^ L ' ^L Hy tfl file METADATA (Bang 1).
h. Tmh chuyin gia tri LA sang giA trf Tg Kfi^ qua t i n h T B theo ddn vi Kelvin dSi vdi k e n h hong ngoai n h i f t the hifn qua bang 3.
B a n g 1. Gift t r i L„,N,, L,^^, QCALM^^, M J . v a A^.
24AKQ010 LMN
K6nh3 45,524 s U s 264 22.747 s US264
Landsat - Kftih 3 KSnh 4 264,000 221.000
-1.170 -1,510 255 255
5 K6nh6 15,303 1,238
255
Bang 2. Gia t r i Lg
Landsat- 5 K6nh4 18,559 s U s 221 12.451s U s 221
Kfinh 6 M L AL
8.573 S L i S 10,559 8,518 S L i S 10,449
Landsat- 8 Kinh 10 0.0003342 0,1
01/07/2015
Landsat - 8 Kdnh 10 9,301SLiS11,919
1222
' S S S l g ^ S n ' ^ ' ^ l f ^ ' ^ ' " * * " « ' ' ' * ' * ' ' ^ ' ' ' * ' * « ' * ' ^ " ' « " 2 q o a „ no, «,anh,
Bang 3. Gia tri T,thea dtfn vi K
t a i x l s a t - s t k e n h S ) 05/05/2005
tandsal - 8 (kenh 10) 2 M W 2 0 1 0 01/07/2015 294.563 S T . S 309.722 294.425 s T . i 308.938 2 9 7 . 9 0 4 s T . S 3 1 5 . 3 0 9
3.1^.Xicdinb dopbitxa bemit(al
a. Tinb cbi aotbuc vit (NDVI) NDVI la chenh lech chuin hoa gifla he so pban x» b kenh RED va ME. CW so NDVI cho ta danh gia chung ve id phat trien xanh cua thuc vfit. qua do CO the theo doi va giam sat nhflng thay i6i cua tham thuc v4t theo thoi gian.
Kenh EED va NIE tuong ling kenh 3 vfi 4 vSi Landsat-S, kenh 4 vfi 5 vffi Landsat-S. Chi so'NDVI nhan gia tri nfim trong khoang -1 d&
I, trong d6 thuc vfit trong khoang 0,2 - 1,0. Nfti NDVI > 0,5 lfi phii kin thuc vfit; NDVI < 0,2 Ifi dtt trSng khong c6 thuc vfit bao phn; Doi vffi nudc vk dfit im, NDVI nhfin gia tri Sm (Trinh U Hilng, 2014). Kft qui tfnh cU so- NDVI thl hi§n th^ hi§n b bang 4.
b. Tinb gii tri ning luang pban xf pbo(pO Ngfiy 06/05/2005 tuong flng lfi ngfiy thli 125 trong nfim 2005 nSn IfiTy gia tri trung binh khoang cfich d trong ngfiy thfl 121 vfi 135 lfim gia trj khoang each d. Ngfiy 24/05/2010 tuong ling lfi ngiy thfl 144 ttong nfim 2010 nen My gia tri trung binh khoang each d trong ngfiy thfl 121
va 135 lam gia tri khoang each d (Chander et al, 2003). Cac gia tri d, ESUNj. 0^,, M„ A, sii dung tinh toan thl hi6n a bang 6, kft qua tinh P5. the hien the hien b bang 6.
c Tinh bdp pban tbuc vit (PJ
Di xac dinh cac gia tri i, i„ i , p^, p,„ p^ vfi p„ nham tinh p„ tac gii tiSii hfinh khao sat thuc dja bfing GPS cim tay, kft hop vffi tfii lieu thu thfip, cUng qufi trtnh giai doan anh bang mit vfi thu thfip thong tin tfl ngudi dan dfi li^a chon ra 3 vi tri diem miu dac trung bao gim: Diem khSng thuin nhift (Dai hoc Bach khoa Hfi N^i), diim thuin nhft ve thuc vfit (C6ng vien Bach Thio) vfi diim thuin nhtt ve dtt (San vfin d6ng Dtii hoc Y Ha Noi). Kft qui thi hi^n 5 bang 7.
d. Xic dinb dopbitxa be m$t (s) Di tinh c nguffi ta hay dflng phuong phfip iva trin chi a* NDVI nfti bift trudc d} phfit xa cua dtt tring vfi thuc vjt cflng nhu ciu tnic phfin bff thuc vfit. Nto vi^c udc tfnh c til kenh KED vfi NIE theo cU s i NDVI se don giin hon.
Gia tri e,, e. dUflc xfic dinh di^ theo d j thi tuong quan cua Valor and CaseDes (1996). Gia tri e,, s, vfi e duoc the hien qua bang 8.
Bang 4. Chi so NDVI
O5»H2005 2 4 « B 2 0 1 0 01/07/2015 -0.551 s NDVI s 0.453 - 0.368 S NDVI s 0,723 - 0.271 s NDVI « 0.650
Bing 5. Gifi tri d, ESUNfc e,e, M, va A,
U n d s a W (05/05/2005) Landsal-5 (24/05/2010) KSnh 3 K&ih 4
1,0125 1 5 5 4 1.036
67.32085820
KSnh 4 , 5 Up 2 x 1 0 *
A . - 0 . 1 O K 67,12788270
1223
NguySnDtrcThufn, Phgm VinA*) \
O5fl)5«O05 24/05/2010
B a n g 6 . G i a t r i p^
Landsat-5 Kenh 3 0,095 SiuS 0,555 - 0.708 sflis-0.061
Kenh 4
0.058 <fUS 0.697 01/07/2015 - 0.889 <rUS-0.050
Landsal-8
KSnh 4 K6nh5 -1,005 S tliS -0,029 -1,102 s ftiS - 0.009
B a n g 7 . G i a t r i i
Difem d#c bvmg Khong thudn n h ^ JUikn nhdt vd th^c v ^
Thudn nhdt vd ddt
Hvp phdn thvc v^t
Tdnx9t>din^lhi/cvdl Tdn Xfl bdm^t ddt trdng E>4 phdt x? bd m$t
i = i,=
Psi.=
Pi.=
ig = FteB = Pt|i = P,=
iv> >g) Pav» P l y» P 2 p P i g vk p . Landsat-5 05/05/2005
0,053 0,138 0,220 0,133 0,128 0,218 0.303 0,479
B a n g 8 . G i a t r i e „ , E^
'
24/05/2010 0,350 0,562 -0,345 - 0,074 0,017 - 0,299 - 0,231 0,927
V & E Landsat-5 05/05/2005
0,954 0.953 0,993
24/05/2010 0,951 0,957 0,962
Landsat-8 01/07/2015 0.380 0.449 -0,310 -0.050 0,095 - 0.362 -0,280 0.859
Landsat-6 01/07/2015 0,969 0,951 0,985
3.1.3. Tinh nbift dp tbi/lc be mit
Cfic phuong phfip thong thudng khfic neu c6 tfnh ta ySu t i phit x? thi thutag s i dung mit gifi tri trung binh cho tofin khu vuc. Vi thi, nhi#t d? thuc be m p sau tfnh toan cung chi c6 dS chfnh xic tuong doi. Tuy nhiin, s i dung phuong phfip xfic djnb s bfing chi so NDVI thi nhift do thuc be mfit co tbi duijc udc tnih nhanh ch6ng mfi khong cin tdi cfic budc tfnh toan phflc tap nhu thdng If (Bang 9).
3.1.4. Danb gii dp cbinb xic kgt qua tinb nhiet dp tbitt bSm$t
Bi dfinh gifi di chfnh xac cin co s« hiu do quan trfic tb^c nghifm tei mft s i vj tri dugc lua
chon. Vi vfiy, qufi trinb nfiy chi ap dung vdi dfl lifu mdi nhfit (01/07/2015) vfi thii gian ISy tS Ueu quan trie phai cflng thdi gian cua vf tinh di qua khu vuc nghifn cflu. Vdi gifi trj chenh Ifch nhift df trung binh lfi 1,63''C cho thtfy kft qua dat dUdc tuong dil tft (Bang 10).
3.1.5. Xiy dung ban do pbin bo nhift dp bemit
Bing 9. Gia tri Tc theo dtfn vi °C
05/05/2005 24/05/2010 01/07/201523fiTcS38 2SsTc^9 27STcS44 1224
SSh'^Sr^,'±„*SS.'*S?,^'«"»«"*'*"*'^°>"»^*inb,f,d,bf
th^nh p h 6 Hd N ^ giai dogn 2005 - 2015
3.2. X a c d i n h faien t r a n g lofp p h u be m a t giai d o a n n a m 2 0 0 5 , 2 0 1 0 v a 2015 3.2.1. XSy dang khoa giai doan anb
De xay dilng khoa giai d o a n a n h . c ^ xac dinh cac loai dSt t h e o m y c dich sii d u n g t r e n khu vile nghi§n ciiu. Can cfi vao hign t r a n g sii dung da't, d§c diem cua tU ligu a n h vg t i n h , dfi phan giai i n h , t a c gi^ xky d u n g dudc 3 loai hinh lap p h u (B^ng 11) tii d6 da xay duUg khoa giai doan a n h ve t i n h .
m § t 1 2 q u | n n O i t h ^ n h ,
3.2.2. Xay dtiitg t^p mau va danb gia dd cbinb xac tep mau
Tit so h§u dieu t r a Uulc ^ Hin h a n h khoanh ve tnic t i ^ ten tp§n a n h can p h a n loai. Diia v£ko dkc t m h n a n g Iitdng p h a n xa pho cua cac dm ttfdng duoc chon t r o i ^ tap mau de t&ih toan sU khac bi§t t i e o phildng phap Display Mean Plot Wndown, ne'u gia tri cua cac mSu tai m5i kenh pho cang each xa n h a u thi do chinh xac cang tSt va i^iwc lai. Qua hinh 2 thfify r a n g do chinh xac ciia 3 tep m5u deu dait d6 chinh xac cao.
B
B a n g 10. K i t q u i d a n h g i a d o c h i n h x a c t i n h n h i e t do thtfc b i m a t
Vi Iri quan Irlc (m) 1 X = 2.325.613.251 . Y = 593.942.011 2. X = 2.324.152,555 : Y - 585723,589 3. X . 2.322.460.979. Y « 580.174.203
T?™" " ^ Gifitfich§nhr#chnhi0ta$
37.6 33,6 28,9
35.8 32.1 27.3
H i n h 1. B a n do p h a n bo n h i e t d o be m a t n g a y 05A)5/2005 (a), 24/05/2010 (b) v a OLW/2015 (c)
B a n g 11. Cae loai h i n h lefp phii L09I hlnh Krp phi)
1. DSt xay dimg 2 . D a t n i $ t n u * c 3. Thvc vfli
Mdt^
Bkt 6. a&t giao th6r»g, dJt c h p . . Sflng, SU&, ao, h6 I v nhifin,...
Dk cd tham thyc v$t che phu nha Oki btng lOa,...
NguySn €Krc "nui$n, Phgm Vfti Vto' | .
00-^H Bo-BB
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—Oat Mat Nuoc
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20.
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N/ ^ / '
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(b)
—DalXajiDin
—Dat Mai Nuoc
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Hinh 2. Kft q u a d a n h gia d o c h i n h x a c t f p m £ u n g a y 05/06/2006 (a), 24/05/2010 (b) vk 01/07/2015 (o) 5.2.3, Pbin lo^i anb vi danb gii dp cbinb
xic anb pbin loai
Tit tfp m i u . tiSfn hanh phSn loai co Idlm djnh theo t h u j t to4n xac xuSt cifc dai, dgng thoi I9C n h i i u kft qua phfin loai de gop nhflng pixel le te hojc phfin loai 15n vfio chinh 16p chfla n6.
D^ danh gifi d6 chinh xac kft qua a n h phfin loai. vdi anh phfin loai ngfiy 01/07/2015 tac gia aft dung thift hi do GPS d m tay dffi soat thiJc dia vdi 50 d i i m GPS; Vdi anh phfin loai ngfiy 06/05/2005 vfi 24/05/2010 sft dung kft qua d i l u t r a thiJc dja kft iv/p ban ii hifn t r a n g sft dung dfi^ d l xfiy dung 50 diim k i i m t r a cho mSi thdi diim. Qufi trinh dfinh gifi duoc thuc hien t u d?ng tren p h i n m<m ErDAS 2014 va d a t kSt qua tot. Cv t h l do chinh xac phfin loai anh ngay 06/05/2005 d , t 96.00% vfi , = 0 937- ngfiv 24^05ffl0I0 dat 92,00% vfi K = 0,877- ngfiy 01/07/2015 dat 96.00% VfiK = 0.937. '
1226
3.2.4. Xiy diXng ban do bien trang ldp pbu bS msLt
aiM>onii.iMNCLi»nrtiiqu-...fliTii«<..iiui«Mdaiii«
^ ^ S ^ g ' S , " ^ ^ t . % , f ^ « „ g B„ dia U nghifin c*u fta, dSi nhifi. do b l mfit 12 qufin ndi Bifinh.
«».««»«,«i*B*n^!m™i™.rtiM,wiM*«.
H i n h 3 . B a n d o h i S n trying l d p p h u b e m a t n g i y 05A)5/2005 ( a ) , 24/05/2010 (b)
v a 01/07/2016 (c)
NJii?ldp(.C)
3.3. Tiforng q u a n g i i j a n h i e t d o b e m a t v a l d p p h u b ^ m a t g i a i d o ^ n n a m 2005, 2010 v a 2016
3.3.1. Bign dot nbiet dp a. Ban do pbin bo nbiet dp bemit H i n h 1 cho thfiy n e n nhiet do cao nhfi't tfip t r u n g b ckc qufin t r u n g t a m bao g8m; Qufin C i u Gi^y, Ba Dinh, Ddng Da, Hofin Kifm. Dfiy lfi k h u VIJC noi t h a n h t a p t r u n g m a t id dfin s d c a o , t i Ie cay x a n h thfip vdi mftc d6 dd thi hda ldn nhfit cu t h e n g a y 05/05/2005 lfi 38°C, 24/05/2010 la 39'C, 01A)7/2015 14 44"C. Tuy n h i e n n i n n h i f t do cao v i n p h a u b d rai rac b mot sd qufin cd cac k h u cdng nghifp (khu cdng nghifip Hanel thupc qufin Long Bidn), xfldng nhfi may s a n xufi't (Cdng t y May 10 thudc qufin Long Bien), true dudng giao thong chinh noi tfip c h u n g ddng dfin cu (Dudng N g u y i n Trai thudc qufin Nam Tft L i t a ) , . . . Nfi"n n h i f t dd thfi'p nhfi't b noi cd ty If cfiy x a n h ldn. cd mfit nfldc che p h u vfi t j p chung b k h u vflc xa t r u n g t a m ndi thi - noi giap r a n h vdi cac qufin t m n g t a m b ca bd'n phia (Dong. Tfiy, Nam, Bfic) la qujln Bfic Til L i t a , Nam Tfl Liem. Long Bifn, Hofing Mai, Hfi Ddng, Tay H j ; Cy t h l ngfiy 05/05/2005 lfi 23'C, 24/05/2010 lfi 26'C, 05/05/2015 lfi 27"0. Nen nhifit dd t r u n g hinh tfip t r u n g S k h u vflc gifip r a n h vdi cac qufin t m n g tfim. noi cd qufi t r l n h dd thi hda n h a n h chdng. cu t h l ngfiy 05/05/2005 lfi 26.73-C. 24/05/2010 lfi 3 0 . 3 r O , 01/07/2015 lfi 30,63'C. Qua dd thjfy duoc nhiet dp be m j t 12 qufin ndi thfinh dang cd xu hfldng tfing len
(Htah 4).
^^^S^^
• Thapnhit BTnmgbinh BCaonhSi H i n h 4 . B i ^ u d o c i c mifc nbi&t d o b e m a t
b. Biin dong dao nbiSt do tbi bi mat Qua hinh 5 t h a y r i n g , theo dfu t n i c khong gian, dao nhiet do thi be n 4 t (SUHI - Surface Urban Heat Island) co sil thay d6i vk md rdng rd rft til Ideu cham hoac v u n g nho phSn t a n ndm 2005 din kieu chuoi hoac viing t a p t r u n g 16n din tit nkm 2010 dg^a n a m 2015. Dac biet la k h u vUc cac qudn trung tSm, SUHI chuyen tif m a t do day sang mkt d3 dky dac. Ngoai r a SUHI con tJtng len nhanh chong do q u a t r i n h do thi hoa, d u ^ md rQng tif vung giap r a n h vdi cac q u a n trung tkm (Bfic Tit Liem, Nam TCf Liem, Ha
Nguyin Due Thu$n. Ph^m VSn Vh
Dong, Hoang Mai, L o i ^ Bien) v& m6t stf SDBI n a m p h a n hd' rai rac khac.
a a a B/eii dong do tbi vidien tfcA kbdnggUat Kit qua xxt ly a n h vg t i n h b a i ^ phiftjng phip vien t h a m cho thay trong vong 10 nfim tit thing 05/2005 d^n t h a n g 07/2015, dien tich d£t d6 thi (dtft xay dungj t a n g l&i 2,16 liin (Bang 12 vA hinh 6). Qua h m h 3 thSy r ^ , k h u vutc 12 quftn ngi t h d n h p h a t tri^n m a n h theo hifdng lan toa td khu Vflc q u a n trung t a m vk t^p t r u i ^ md r6ng 5 ttft ca cac phia, dkc biet Ik doc theo cac t n ^ du6ng chfnh 5 cac qufin giap qufin t r u i ^ tSm.
^5'
H i n h 5. D a o n h i e t d o t h i hi m S t B a n g 12. T h o n g k e d i e n t i c h c a c l o a i h i n h l d p p h u L09I hlnh Krp phil
2. Olt m^t nLr6c
T6ng
05/05/2005 Di$n Uch (ha)
7.648.76 2.498.99 13 207,25 23.355
Tyie (%) 32.75 10,70 56,55 TOO
24/05/2010 Di$n tich (ha)
10.313,57 1.968.82 11.072.61 23.355
T f l $ { % } 44,16
8,43 47,41 100
01/07/2015 Dl^n tich (ha)
16.537,68 1.674,55 5.141,77 23.355
TylO(%]
70,91 7,17 22,02 100 U i n (idl (ha)
18000 .
H i n h 6. B i l u i6 bie'n d ^ n g d o t h i v l difin t i c h k h 4 n g g
Sh''s s:^,S'jtfsr's?,^ "^ *'**'«'''* "^^ "^ •**« ^i-*'"«"2 •I''*"
h phd H^ N^- g j ^ ao9n 2005 - 2015 3.3.3. Danb gia ttittng quan giUa nbiet do bimat va do tbi boa
Ma h i n h hoi quy tuyen t m h nhi^u chieu difoc ling d u n g d l tim m S lien h e gifla stf t h a y d^i nhiet do vk quk t r i n h do thi hoa vffi cac hi^n ggm: nhiet do bg m a t (ND) - bie'n p h u thuoc, ba ye'u to d i ^ t r e n cd sd a n h ve t i n h va dudc xem la ba bi&i doc Ifip cua q u a t r t n h do thi hoa Ugn quan din ckc quk t r i n h chuyen dS'i be mfit co the Itfdng hoa dUa v&o xem xet tUdng q u a n lfi: XD - p h i n trfim di§n tich da't xay dung, MN - p h i n trfim di§n tfch daft mfit nifdc, TV - p h i n trfim di^n tfch ldp p h u thiic vfit.
So lieu t h o n g kg dUdc trich xufi:t tnfc tiep tit a n h ve t i n h cho cac bien so ND, XD, MN va TV. S^ Ii6u difin tich vi dtft xay dUng, mfit nudc vfi thtfc v $ t dtfdc c h u y i n d^i s a n g ty Ie p h ^ trfim. K i t q u a t i n h tUdng q u a n giiia biin W i V f i cfic b i l n d6c l^p chi t h i sif do thi h o a cho biet, t r i t u y e t doi cua h e si ttfdng q u a n gifla ND - XD Ifi 0,795; ND - MN lfi 0,645; ND - TV lfi 0,412 n g h i a lfi b i l n XD c6 t i m q u a n trpng (trong sS) ldn nhtft trong 3 b i l n tac dpng d i n b i l n N D . Tif do, cac tac g i i dfi chon b i l n XD lfim b i l n t r p n g so. P h u d n g t r i n h h6i quy t u y i n tfnh nhtf s a u :
ND = 36,01 + 0,02*XD - 0,09*MN - 0,07*TV Bang 13 cho biet, k i t qua cua phtfdng t r i n h hoi quy t u y e n t i n h t r e n phii hdp vdi tfip dii hgu den mflc 92% (R S q u a r e = 0,92). PhUdng t r i n h nfiy hofin tofin chlfp n h a n dtfdc, cac he so h^i quy cua cac b i l n chi t h i d6 thi h6a c6 y nghia trong viec p h a n tich d a n h gia tac d6ng d i n stf b i l n doi n h i e t dp b l mfit do thi hidn nay. Bien XD tac d o i ^ t h u § n chilu vdi sU b i l n d6ng cua nhiet do be mat, trong k h i do b i l n TV vfi MN l^i a n h htf&ig i ^ h i c h chieu vdi chiing. H6 so c h u ^ hoa t Stat co y nghia mo t a t ^ q u a n trpng ttfdng dm ciia cac b i l n d6c Ifip trong mpt mo U n h hoi quy. He so t S t a t = 0,02 cua bifin XD m a n g y nghia tac dpng thufin ldn nhfi't trong cfic b i l n tac dpng Ifin stf t h a y doi nhifit dp be m§t.
Nglua la, k h i t a n g phSn trfim di^n tich dtft xay d u n g se k ^ theo t a n g nhifit dp be m§t. Tac dfing nghich Idn nhtft trong cac b i l n lfi p h i n trfim di^n tich mfit nude vdi h e s l t Stat = -0,11, t i l p theo lfi tac dpng nghich cua di§n tich ISp p h u thtfc vfit (t Stat = -0.09). D i l u nfiy cho thtfy, n h u c l u giam di§n tfch dtft xfiy di^ng, tfing difn tfch m$t ntfdc vfi 16p p h u thvic v§t lfi c i n t h i i t d l giam bdt tinh trgng tfing nhifit dfi hifin n a y trong cac khu do thi.
SUMMARY OUITUT
Bkng 1 3 . K i t q u i t i n h h 6 i q u y t t f d n g q u a n gifia c a c b i l n
MuMpleR 0.93845875 R Square 0.92753638 Adjusted R Square o 90389093 Standard Error 0 03441112 Observailons 17 ANOVA
Hogressfon Residual Total
270.9154SB 90.3(»1527 1S4.02S7185 11.8481322 424.9411765
.62188936 O.003434726
Confidents Stnndard Error P-vahie lower 95% Upptr9S% Lower9S.OK Upper9S.0%
B a . l l « ^ „.10M50« n.552S02, ..SSMMB, '-'i;,'^;^ '^^ ^ ^ " l " " ^ ' ' T "^J- 0,017J82;8 a7MS0S6;6 0.022.9482 0 M239486 , tZa,T, , , , ! > ^ •3>jaaiA8 206.90«B4
Nguyin DOc Thu§n, Phgm VfinVb^H**
4. K E T LUAN VA K I E N N G H I 4 . 1 . K i t l u a n
- Qua trinh do thi hoa k h u vtfe 12 qu^n nfii t h a n h dien r a manh me t r o i ^ khoang thdi gian 10 nfim tii 05/2005 den 07/2015, dien tfch da't xay diing tfing Ifin 2,16 lan.
- Nen nhiet cao tfing nhnnh ty Ifi thufin vdi toe do do thi hda doi vdi cac qufin giap qufin trung tfim nhtf qufin Bfic Tfl lifim. Nam Tfl Lifim, Hfi Dong, Hofing Mai, Long Bifin.
- Tim dtfpc mra ttfdng quan gifla nhifit dfi b l m§t vfi do thi hoa: ND = 36,01 + 0,02*XD - 0,09*MN - 0,07*TV.
4.1. B j e n n g h i
- Phtfdng trinh hoi quy ttfdng quan gifla cac biln thtfy r i n g b i l n XD tac dpng thufin chilu vdi sti thay doi cua nhiet dp be mflit, bifin TV vfi MN Igi a n h htfdng nghich cfailu vdi nfi. Do d6, k i t qua nghifin cflu se lfi gdi J giup cac n h a quan IJ vfi quy hoach quan tfim hdn trong chifi'n ltf(?c phfit t r i i n Ifiu dfii cua t h a n h pho'Ha Npi.
- C i n thii nghifm trfin cac k h u vflc khac vdi cfic ngu^n dfl lifiu v? tinh khac nhau d l k h i n g djnh tfnh ddng dftn ciia phtfdng phap.
T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O Gyanesh Chander and Brian Markham (2003). Revise
Landsat-5 TMRadiometric Calibration, Proceduns and Postcalibration Dynamic Ranges. W transactions oo Geoscience and Remote senstM
41(11). ^ Gupta R.P. (1991). Remote Sensing Geology. Springer
- Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg, Gemiany.
John R Jensen (1996). Introductory Digital Image Le Diic Vmh (2006). Gifio trinh xfic suit thong k6, Nhi
xufit ban Nfing nghiSp, Ha Nfii.
Nguyen Due Thuan, Tran Quoc Vinh, Le Thi Giang (2015). Research andappiication of remote sensing and gis technologies in determining and forecast the land cover changes by markov chain in Y Yen district - Nam Dinh province. Proceedings GIS 2015 conference.
Tran Thi Van (2014). Monitoring Urban Heat Island in Vietnam with Remote Sensing. International Workshop on Air Quality in Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam, June 24-26^2014.
USGS (2001). Landsat 7 Science Data User's Handbook U.S. Geological Survey (2013). Using the USGS
Landsat 8 Product, ht^./Zlandsatuagigov /Landsat8_Using_Product.php. Cited 23/6/2015.
Valor E and Caselles V (1996). Mapping Land Surftec Emissivity from NDVI: Application to European, African, and South American Areas. Remote Sensing of Environment, 57: 167- 184.
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