Y E U T O Q U A N T R O N G D £ P H A T T R I £ N

Hoi Dia Iy Viet N a m D g i h o c T h a i Nguygn V A N H O A T R U Y E N T H O N G - Y E U T O Q U A N T R O N G D £ P H A T T R I £ N D U

L I C H C O N G D O N G ( N G H I E N C l T U T R U ' O f N G H O P L A N G D I E M X A H O A L O N G , T H A N H P H O B A C N I N H )

D u o n g Quynh P h u a n g ' , D u o n g Thi T h u Hang Abstract

Traditional culture - important element for development community tourism (Research on Diem village, Hoa Long commune, Bac Ninh city)

Each ethnic group with the high or low level of civilization has its own traditional cultural characteristics. This value system is the quintessence of all that are the best to be selective through the history ages lo create its own ethnic identity. Traditional cultural values have been passed down to the next generation and become an intrinsic motivation to develop the country.

In the trend of integration and development, traditional culture of the peoples which has become au important element, is a prerequisite for the development of tourism, especially community tourism. In contrast, in relationship to culture, community tourism is an important element to promote cultural exchange between regions within countries and between countries, peoples of the world.

ll is true that, in recent years, form of communities tourism in Viet Nam is being paid much attention and focused on developing. Community tourism is seen as one of the motivations to recover the ethnic cultural element in many villages as well as to reduce poverty effectively.

Diem village, Hoa Long commune. Bac Ninh city is a "charming" countryside with cluster vestige unique cultural history, sacred; it is the homeland of ancestral Quan ho with the definition culinary culture unique and it special feature is "nghe choi Quan ho " so it has had great attraction for tourists. For ages with that potential, Diem village is an ideal place to develop community tourism. Since project community tourism was carried out, the number of tourists has increased rapidly; local people have been participated and benefited much from community tourism. Through this activity, they have contributed to introducing the image of community tourism in Diem village and preserving the cultural values of the local tradition.

l . D A T V A N D E

Trong xu the hdi nhap va p h i t trien, v a n b o a t n i y l n thdng ciia cac d a n tOc d i tid t h i n h y i u t6 quan tipng, I i d i i u kign tien quyet d l phat trien du Ijch, dgc bigt la du Ijch cpng ddng. T h y c te cho thay, tiong nhiing n a m gan d a y , d Viet N a m h i n h tiuic du Ijch c p n g d d n g dang d u g c quan tSm vk chii tipng p h i t t r i i n . Du Ijch c ^ n g d d n g d u p c nhin n h a n n h u I i m d t tiong nhttng d d n g lyc gdp phSn phyc hdi y i u td v a n h o i dan tpc tgi n h i i u b i n l a n g eimg n h u c i c h l i m g i i m nghgo hifu q u i .

Vigc tiep c i n , d i n h gia v i i>hin tich n h u n g gia tri ciia v i n h o i t r u y i n thdng v i mdi quan h?

vdi vifc phat trien du Ijch c d n g d d n g se I i c a sd q u a n ttpng ttong vigc tiiin khai nghign ciiu tiiyc tien, ttong dd cd t m d n g h g p cua l i n g D i i m , xa H o i L o n g , t h i n h p h d B i c N i n h .

L i n g D i i m l i tgn n d m cua l i n g V i e m X i d u p c biet d i n l i m i i n qug " s o n thuy hiiu thih"

cung vdi c y m di tieh Ijeh sii v a n h d a d d c d a o , Iinh tiiieng; l i qug h u a n g Thiiy T d Q u a n h p , v i d^c s i c n h i t I i " n g h e c h a i Q u a n h p " cung ngt v a n h d a i m t h y c r i t rigng ciia v u n g Kinh B i c . Dd chinh l i nhung Igi t h i quan ttpng d l l i n g D i i m p h i t tiiin du Ijch cf n g ddng. L a n g D i i m la dja chi du ljch cd s u e hiit Idn ddi v d i du k h i c h ttong v i n g o i i n u d e .

2. M O T S O V A N D E C H U N G V E M O I Q U A N H E G I C A V A N H O A T R U Y E N T H 6 N G V A D U L I C H C Q N G D O N G

2.1. V a n h o i t r u y e n t h d n g

T i o n g nghien ciiu v l v i n h d a h p c n h i i u h p e g i i cho r i n g v i n h d a bao g d m t i t e i nhihig gia tii vat c h i t va tinh t h i n . T h e o n g h i a i p n g n h i t , v i n h d a bao g d m nhiing s i n g tgo p h o n g phu vg v ^ chat va tinh tiiin cua con n g u d i ttong q u i tiinh c i i tgo h i f n t h u c k h a c h quan. N h S n g tii thurc, cic kgt q u i cua boat dOng c i i tao x i hf i v a t y n h i e n l i thanh p h i n c u a v a n hda. V i n h d a khdng ty h?ii

^f^TPTig Dai hpc Su phgm - Dgi hpc Thai Nguyen ^ l | U Kp yeu Hpi nghf Khoa hgc Dia lp tgdn qudc ldn thi 7

Hoi Dia ly Vift Nam ©?' hoc Thai Nguyen chi vao mpt sd bilu hien cua ddi sdng tinh than. Dd la toan bd cupc sdng, ca vat chat, tinh than ciia timg cdng ddng ngudi [I].

Mdi dan tpc dii d trinh dp van minh cao hay thap deu cd nhiing van hda truyen thdng dgc tnmg rieng cua minh. He thdng gia tri dd chinh la su ket tinh tit ca nhimg gi tdt dep nhat dupc chpn Ipc qua nhigu thdi dgi lich sii dl tao ngn bin sic rigng ciia mpt dan tdc. Gia ttj van hda truygn thdng do dupc truyen lgi cho the he sau va ttd thanh mpt dpng lyc npi sinh dg phat trign dat nude.

Gii ttj truyen thdng dupc hieu la nhftng cai tdt, bdi vi nhiing cii tdt mdi dupc gpi la gia tri, mi phai li cai tdt ca bin, phd biin, cd nhiiu tac dyng tich cyc cho dgo diic, cho sy hudng dan nhan djnh, dinh gia vi dan dat hinh dpng ciia mpt dan tpc thi mdi mang day dii y nghTa cua khii nigm

"gii trj truygn thdng". Tie gia Tran Ngpc Them cho rang: "Truygn thdng van hda la nhiing gia ttj tuong d6i dn djnh (nhung kinh nghigm tip the) the hign dudi nhiing khudn mau xa hdi dugc tich luy va tai tao tiong epng ddng ngudi qua khdng gian vi dupc cd dinh hda dudi dang nhirng phong tuc tap quin, nghi Ie, luat phip, du luan".

2.2. Du lich c$ng dong

Tiiy theo gdc nhin, quan diim nghien ciiu m i du lich cdng ddng cd nhiing khai nigm khie nhau.

Quy Qudc te bio vf thien nhign (WWF) da djnh nghTa: "Du ljch cpng ddng la mdt hinh thiic du Ijch mi cpng ddng dja phuang Iam chii, tham gia vio qui trinh phit triin vi quin Iy, vi phan ldn eic lgi ich se thupc vg cpng ddng". Djnh nghia nay de cao vai tid quyet dinh cua ngudi dan dia phuang ddi vdi su phit triin du lich va hp cQng la ngudi hudng lpi true tiip tii dich vu niy.

Nhi nghign ciiu Nicole Hausle va WoUfgang Stiasdas dua ra khii niem: "Du Ijch cdng ddng li mpt hinh thii du lich tiong dd chu yeu l i ngudi dan dja phuong diing ra phit trign v i quan ly.

Lgi ich kinh tl cd dupc tir du ljch se dpng Igi ngn kinh tg dja phuong" (Nicole Hausler and Wolfang Strasdas, Community Based Sustainable Tourism A Reader, 2000). Quan niem tren nhan mgnh den vai ttd ehinh ciia ngudi dan dja phuang trong vin dl phat ttiln du Ijch ngay trfn dia ban hp quin 1^ [6].

Nhu viy, du Ijch cdng ddng Ii mf t logi hinh du Ijch do chinh cdng ddng ngudi dan phdi hpp td churc, quan Iy va lim chu thi dem Igi Igi ich kinh tl va bio vg moi trudng chung thdng qua vigc gidi thifu vdi du khich net dgc tnmg eua dja phuong (canh quan, van hda, tap quan,...).

2.3. Moi quan hf giira van hoa truyen thong vi phat trien du ljch c$ng ddng Giiia van hda truygn thdng va phit ttien du Ijch ludn cd mdi lien he mgt thiit, bdi le eie di sin van hda, gii tri vin hda chinh l i ngudn lye eho phit ttiln du Ijch. Van hda cung cap tti thiic, cic phep ling xii van minh Ijch sy cho hogt ddng du Ijch. Ndi cich khic, van hda vua la myc tigu viia Ii dpng lyc phit triin du Ijch. Ddng thdi, boat dpng du Ijch cung cd tic d0ng ttd Igi, thiic day giao luu vin hda phat ttiln. Tiong mdi quan hf vdi vin hda, du Ijch i i ygu td quan tipng, diy mgnh giao luu vin hda giGa cac vimg miin tiong nuac vi giiia cac qudc gia, dan tdc tten the gidi.

Con ngudi d nhftng nen van hda khic nhau cd nhu ciu di chuyin de tim kiem, trao ddi, hpc hoi nhiing cii mdi Ig, trau ddi nhiing eii tdt, bd sung nhitiig eii thiiu, Iam giiu vdn tii thiic cua nunh sau khi nhftng gia tri vat chit da dupc thda man. Dd Ii mdt ttong nhihig Iy do chinh ygu dl hogt dfng du Ijch hinh thinh v i phat triin nhanh chdng.

Tuang ty nhu hogt d^ng cua nhiiu nganh kinh t l khic, du Iich cung phai chju sy chi phdi bdi guy luit canh ttanh phit tiiin vi dachietja, "xu htidng tigu tiiy" djch vy. Su ting tiudng ngay cing Idn sin phim du Ijch van hda da dat la nhieu vin de tiong dd dae bigt la "cung" v i "ciu" ve van hoa. Du ljch va van hda cd mdt mdi quan hf ndi him siu sic dupc bieu hien ro qua sy hdi ty Cung - Cau, tiic la,- sy md rpng v i phit triin cua "Cung" vl du ljch ciing chinh l i su md rdng va phat triin ciia "Cung" vl tigu tiiy van hda v i ngupc lgi.

Moi quan hg bign chiing gifta vin hda truyin thdng vi du Ijch tiong qui tihih van dpng phit tiien li rit i6. Du Ijch khai thic cic gii tri vin fada lim ndn ting cho myc dich cua cac chuyin di v i dya vip vSn hda de phit triin. Sy phit trien ciia du Ijch da Iam cho cic gia trj vin hoa truyin thdng

Kpyiu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dia lp todn qudc ldn thd 7 ^ ^ ^

Hdi Dia ly Viet Nam Dai hpc Thai Nguyen vi hien dgi d mdt sd dja phuong dupc khdi phuc vi phit tiiin. Van hda nhu mpt qua trinh, la nnic ' tieu tim kiem cua khich du ljch. Do do, chinh vin hda la mpt chia khda then chdt dg md dudng cho i su phat tnin bin vihig ciia nganh "cdng nghifp" du Ijeh.

Sy phit tiiin cua nhiing logi hinh du lich mdi ed thi dya vao sy phit triin ciia cic logi hinh sinh hogt van hda, ngugc lai nhu ciu thudng thirc nhiing tour du ljch mdi ciJng chinh la xuat ph^t til nhu ciu thudng thirc nhftng logi hinh sin phim vin hda mdi.

Hifn nay, hogt ddng du Ijch dang cd nbftiig tic ddng rit ldn ddn cac thanh tyu vin hda tniyen thdng cua cic dan tpc song khdng thi khdng khing djnh lai sy gin kit chat che ciia du Ijeh vdi vSn hda. Du Ijch hinh thanh dya tign nhiing gii tij vin hda vi ehinh nhung sin pham van hda lim cho hogt ddng du Iich phat trien.

Van hda la bin sic rieng ciia mdi c^ng ddng din cu. Hogt dpng du Ijch, dgc bift la hinh thuc du Ijch cdng ddng cd vai trb quan ttpng ttong vigc bao tdn v i phat huy nhiing gii trj vin hda tmyen thdng ciia dja phuong. Nhd du Ijch, ngudi dan nhin thiy nhiing gii trj van hda cdt loi mang ban siic qug huang khdng chi la niim ty hio mi edn mang lgi ngudn thu kha Idn cho gia dinh vi dja phuong noi minh sinh sdng. Do vgy, hp y thiic siu sic hon ttong viec bio tdn v i phit huy nhiing gii tri van hda truyin thdng ban dia nhu: nip sdng, sinh hogt vin nghe, im thuc, ttang phye truy^

thdng,... Ben cgnh dd, cac mdi quan he giiia nhirng ngudi dan dia phuang vdi nhau v i vol khich du Iich khdng nhung dupc duy tri dn dinh mi cdn tid ngn thin thign ban, gin bd chit chS vdi nhau ban dl xay dyng mdi tnidng sdng lanh mgnh, xanh, sgch.

3. VAN HOA TRUYEN THONG - YEU TO QUAN QUAN TRONG DE PHAT TRIEN ' DU LICH CONG DONG 6 L A N G DIEM

Theo sich "Van hien Kinh Bic", ling Diem (thupc xa Hda Long, TP. Bac Ninh) vdn la raOt , lang Viet cd nim dudi chan niii Kim LTnh. Nai diy khdng chi Ii qug huang Thuy Td Quan hp mil j

edn li nai chiia dyng rit nhiiu di tich, thing cinh hiing vT, Ig k^, cd lich sir lau ddi. I 3.1. Sinh boat van hda Quan ho & ling Diim

* Ngudn gdc sinh hogt vdn hda Quan hg

Sinh hogt van hda Quan hg Ii mf t logi hinh vin hda dan gian ddc dio, Ii di sin quy bau ciia nin nghg thugt din gian Viet Nam. Lang Diim khdng chi Ii mdt ling Quan hp gdc ma cdn li que '.

huang Thiiy Td Quan bg. Nai diy vin cdn luu giu nhiing giai thogi v l Thuy Td Quan hp. (Giai thoai 1: Ba la cdng chua con vua Hung Vuang; Giai thogi 2: Ba Ii vg chiia Trjnh; Giai thoai 3: Ba Ii vg vua Thuy Te; Giai thoai 4: Ba la Nhii Huang nudi giii hoing td) [5].

Ngoii ra, ngudi ling Diem cdn luu truyen nhiiu truygn khac v l Thuy td Quan hp, tyu chung ciing cd eic tinh tilt: cd gii xinh dep, cd gipng hit hay, sang tic nhieu bii day dan hat. Khi bi mat din ling lap din thd, gpi Ii Thuy td Quan hg.

* "Nghe chai Quan hg " cua ldng Diim

Net ddc dio cua smh hogt vin hda Quan hp dupc hdi tu khi diy du tiong chft "choi" va

"nghi choi". Trong hiu hit cac logi hinh dan ca khic ngudi ta tiiudng ndi: Di hit Trdng quan, di hit VI, di hat Diim,... cdn vdi ngudi puan hp bao gid cung ndi l i "choi Quan hp". Chi ed d (Juan hp chft "chai" mdi dupc sii dyng ^hd bien nhit khdng chi d Idi ca ma cdn dugc su dyng nhieu tiong nhung ciu giao tiep cua cic lien anh, lien chj.

-Theo-thdng-keioMi-b^ loica ciia 213 gipng Quan hp ttpng tip 'T)in ca Quan hp - ldi ca v^

binh gimg" tiii cd tdi 165 chft^ "choi". Nhiiu bii Quan hp cd chu d l chuygn vg ehft "choi" nhu:

khich din ehoi nhi, chai cho sim dgng mua sa, ai oi choi liy keo gii,... [2].

Sinh hogt van hda Quan hg khdng chi la ca hit (dan ca) m i Ii tdng thi cua mpt cu^c "chai"- Diy li logi hmh van hda tdng hgp, ttong dd ca hit chi Ii mpt hpat ddng cd tmh cdt I5i. Tdng thS nay bap gom day du cac mdi quan hf cpng ddng cua con ngudi viing Quan hp. Liy via h6a 1^

nghia Iam ti^ng tam, Quan hp cdn tham gia vip vin hda ll tin, van hda ll hgi va van hda hinh vi cdng xa. Tieng hat (dan ca) Ii phuong tign chii yiu dl tiiyc hifn cd hifu qua cac mgt van hda tten.

Kp yeu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ty todn quoc lan thit'

Hoi Dia ly Viet Nam fi?" hpc Thai Nguyen Thi manh ca bin nhit cua Quan hp lang Diim la sd lugng cic nghe nhan vdi siic khde deo dai, bin bi cdn kha ddng. Day dugc xem la dpi van nghe Quan hp mgnh nhit tinh Bic Ninh. Sinh boat van hoi Quan hp d ling Diim hign nay dang phit tiien diing hudng, dugc xem Ii md hinh ciia sy bao tdn v i phat triin van hoi Quan hp trong thai dgi mdi, cudc sdng mdi. Cii mdi lan ling md hpi le (dinh, chiia, den) tigng hit Quan hp thiet tha, nghia tinh ciia Quan hp ling Diem ciing cic liin anh, liin chi nai khic den choi hpi, chai Quan hp lgi am vang rdn ra xdm lang. Dd chinh la ve dep thuin my tmygn thdng tiong ddi sdng vin hoa mdi ttgn que huang Thuy to Quan hp, ddng thdi day ciing Ii mpt the mgnh rat die sac, thu hiit dugc su quan tam cua nhieu khich du ljch ttong vi ngoai nude.

3.2. Di tfch lich su- v&n hda

Lang Diem la mdt ling Viet cd, cic diu tich khio cd hpc va di tich Iich sir cho thiy nai day la mpt diim tu cu tii hing nghin nam trudc cdng nguygn, thudc nen van hda Ddng San. Cac di vit khio cd nhu nai cu trii, md ting, dd ddng, dd gdm tim thiy tgi vung mii Qui Cam la nhung minh chiing cho sy cd kinh ciia lang Digm. Tinh cd kinh, bio luu truyen thong cua ling Diim dugc thg hifn d quin thi cac di tich Ijch sii van hda ddc dao gdm: ehua Diim, din Ciing, dinh Diim, din Vua Ba va cac nghe.

* Di tich den Vua Bd - Thdy Td Quan hg

6 49 ling Quan hp, khdng it noi cdn luu tiuyin eiu chuyfn chimg td Quan hp phat tieh d ling mmh. Song chi rieng d lang Diim mdi ed din Vua Bi thd Thuy Td Quan hp va dugc nhan din trong ving ngudng vpng, tniyen tyng vl ngudn gdc cung nhu sy Iinh nhigm ciia ldi ea Quan hp:"Thuy Td Quan hg ling ta/ Nhung Idi ca xudng Vua Ba sinh ra/ Xua nay nam nft fre gia/ Ai ma ca dupe at Ii hiin vinh".

Theo ky lie dan gian, din dupc iihin dan ling Diim xiy dyng d x.dm p i n (xdm Chiia) tu xa xua vdi kiiu kiln tnic kiiu chii nhj, gdm hai cdng tiinh ehinh Ii tda tiin tl vi tda hgu cung, mgt quay vl hudng Tiy. Din nim 2000 nhin din dja phuang di dgi tu din vi xoay vl hudng ddng.

Din Vua B i la cdng tiinh kiln triic ed cd gii trj lich su, ddng thdi la di san vin hda, l i chiing tich ljch sii, la sin phim vin hda nghg thuit cua din toe va cua que huong Kinh Bic. Vdi nhung gia trj ttgn, din Vua B i dugc Bd Van hda Thdng tin cap bing xip hgng la di tich ljch sii van hda Qudc gia nim 1964. Nai diy d i v i dang tid thinh diim du ljch hap din ddi vdi du khich tiong v i ngoii nude, nhat li khi Quan hp Bac Ninh dupc UNESCO cdng nhgn la Di sin van hda phi vat the dai dign ciia nhin Ipgi nim 2009.

* Di tich dinh ldng Diim

Dinh Diim tii lau da ndi tiing vdi cau ca: "Thii nhit la dinh Ddng Khang/ Thit nhi dinh Bang, ve vang dinh Diim". Dinh Diem nim tiong quin thi di tich din, chua, dinh cua ling. Theo than phi eua lang v i mOt sd ciu ddi tiong dinh cdn ghi lai, dinh Diim dugc xiy dyng vio cudi thi 1^ XVII de thd Diic thinh Tam Giang (nhu mpi ling que ven sdng Ciu); ngudi dan ling Diem vin lay nini Nhim Thin 1692 (nim dyng mii) lim nam xay dinh. Kiln tnic dinh Diim xua tuan thu theo kiln tnic truyen thdng ciia Vigt Nam, cd nhi tiin tl, cd dgi dinh, ngoii gian gifta cd chgm nhung hinh rdng va may net mic, tit c i mgi thinh phin ciia khung nhi diu bao ttan ddng ben, soi gd chi chgy thing. Dinh Dilm hien nay gdm 5 gian dgi dinh va hgu cung ndi vdi nhau bdi dii dng muong, dinh cd kigu kiln tiuc chft cdng.

Ngt dOc dao cua dmh Dilm ehii yiu d chile ciia vdng va chile nhang an thd noi gian gifta.

"D^e sin" quan tigng nhat cua dinh Dilm chinh Ii biie eiia vdng "d^e nhit vd nhj" chgy dii tir thupng luang d trgn dO cao 7 m xudng tan nen dinh, gdm bdn ting Idn xip theo b§c thap din v i lui dan den^hai cpt phia-trongrTingTiio cung dugc chgm khic tmh tg vdi nhiiu hinh khdi nghg thuat, bilu tupng tu Iinh (long, li, quy, phupng) v i nhihig dl tii d ^ chat nghf thugt. Toin bd ciia vdng thip ving lyc rd, khdng mgt ming tron bdng, timg net nhd diu dupc trang tii ky luSng. Nghf thugt chgm khic go ciia ciia vdng dbh Dilm d i till hifn dupc tinh hpa nghg tiiugt dieu khic gd ciia ngudi nghf nhin din gian Kinh Bic thua xua. Chinh biic ciia vong nay dS tgo ngn ve dgp dpc dao ciia dinh Dilm, lim vd vang cho dinh Dilm. Dinh Dilm dugc Bp van hda Thdng tin cap bing xip hgng Ii di tich kiln triic nghg tiiugt tit nam 1962.

Ky yeu Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly loan qudc ldn thu 7

Hdi Dia Iy Viet Nam fi?* "i^c Thai Nguygn

* Chiia ldng Diim (Hung San tv)

Theo ky uc dan gian xua lang Dilm cd hai chua, chiia Hung San d phia Tiy, chua Mi Ben d phia Ddng, vl sau chi cdn chiia Hung San. Chua Hung Son dugc trung tu vio thdi Le Trung Himg

^ong chic bin la chiia da ra ddi sdm hem thdi dilm nay rit nhiiu. Theo ky lic thdi gian, chiia dupc

^^y dyng toan bing da. Ddi cau ddi cdn lgi d tda tam bao ghi rd:"Thach tai Hung Son thinh rac

"gan/ Xi hoa phong canh die vien hoa" (NghTa la: Da chua Hung Son thanh bd rac ngo/ Lang chan hoa phong canh dgp nhu vudn hoa).

Chiia Hung Son vdn xua ngoai thd Phat chua cdn thd Diic Vua Ba. Chiia cd hudng Dong

^am, kiln tnic kiiu chft Dinh, gdm 5 gian tiin dudng vi 3 gian thupng dien sau vio tiong 9m. Gia M ciia di tich chii yiu tip trung d hf thdng tugng gd Ii nhiing tic phim thdi Le, thdi Nguyen rit

•^Qc dao. Chua cd biic ciia vdng va 5 biic y mdn la nhung hire phu dieu Idn chgm Ipng tinh xio cua '^ghe thuat thdi Nguyin. Chudng ddng bia da d chiia phan ldn bj thit lgc nay cdn Igi 2 tim bia da

"Hung Son tiiiln ty bi" dyng nam 1683 va 1777 ghi vigc m siia chiia Hung Son. Ngoai ra, d diy cdn luu gift mdt sd van khic kinh Phat cd, huong in gd, cic dd thd cd,... cd gia tri nghf tiiuit cao.

* Din Citng - Gieng Nggc

Din Cimg cdn gpi la din Gigng vi trudc din cd "giing Ngpc" thi nhiing con ci chep vang.

Tmyen ring ci chep ving la hifn than cua nhj vj nu than dugc thd d diy Ii Nggc Dung v i Thiy Tifn.

Din da cd tii xa xua v i dupc trung tu vao nam Bio Thii thii biy (1726). Trong nhirng nam khang chiin chdng Phap den bj tin pha hgt. Nam 1994 dan lang dyng lgi ngdi dgn mdi tign nin cQ.

^^n Cung hign nay cd kiln tnic hinh chu Dinh, gdm ba gian tiin t l v i mdt gian hgu cung.

Giing Ngpc dugc xay tii dudi lgn, cd tudng hoa bao quanh. Trong Idng gieng dugc kiln tnic

"et siic die bigt vdi nhigu logi bgc da, gd, ggch khac nhau. Tir mat gieng xudng sat mep nude c6 4 Dae di vi 3 bie ggch dupc xay dung tir hing tiam nim qua. Nhung bge thang cudi cimg tiip giap

^cn mat nude dupe lim bang gd lim. Mdi bgc thang gd Um cd chieu dai 6m. Tiai qua hang tiim nam ngam minh dudi nude song vin khdng cd bgc nao bj muc ii hay lOa nit. Toin bd Idng giing

^a thanh gieng dupc lit da png ty nhien. Gifta diy gigng gd lgn mpt u da nhu mdt pho tugng nhd

"'sm ttang eho long gigng thgm vg ky bi, Iinh thieng. Gan day gigng Ngpc cd mdt cii hang nhd, hudng vap phia ttong din Cimg, sau khoing 2m, li nai tni ngy ciia ba dng "ci thin" mdi Iiic c6 lyt '91- Do nude giing Nggc dugc hinh thanh tir nhiing mach nude ngim chay ra tit nui d i Kim Liiih '^i dugc ling dpng qua hang chyc Idp d i ong tu nhien nen nude rit ttong v i mit. Hien nay, ngudi dan lang Dilm vin liy nude gieng vl sii dyng v i hp van hay truygn mifng nhau ciu ea; "Nude gieng Ngpc, tta Tan Cuang/ Nhu ching Kim Tipng dgp duyen Thiy Kiiu".

Hifn vat quy con Igi d din Cimg l i tim cpt di, hai php tupng chin dung nft tiiin bing gS.

Cgnh giing Ngpc cdn cd cdi di va bin thd di.

3.3. Ll h§i lang Diem

Le hpi thiygn thdng d Vift Nam thudng dugc td chuc vio miia xuan (nen cdn gpi li xuin

"90 va miia thu cdn gpi li tiiu tl, vi the din gian cd ciu "Xuan thu nhj ky". Song chic bin it c6 nod

"30 CO nhiiu ll hpi nhu d ling Dilm, die bigt la xuin hOi vdi cac l l hpi Idn nhu: hdi chiia Hung

^"n (15/1 Am Ijch), hpi din Vua B i (6 - 7/2 Am Iich), hOi din Ciing (3/3 Am Ijch), h^i dinh Diem . . ~ "^'^ ^ ^^^^- ^ ^ ' '^ ^'^^ ' ^ S Dilm diu gin vdi mOt ca sd tin ngudng, mpt hogt df ng tam Imh

•^leng. Dieu die bift Ii d ttong cac Id hgi diu diln ra boat dOng smh hogt vin hda Quan hp, diy chinh la net dgc ti^g tieu bilu nhat ciia ll hdi ling Dilm. Trong dd, ll hpi din Vua Ba li If h^i

^ a n ttpng nhat, Idn nhit ttong nam cua ling Dilm va ciing Ii hOi Quan hp duy nhit tiong viing vuan hp. Ngoai ra d ling Dilm cdn cd ll hpi ciu dio.

ky yen Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dia lp todn quoc ldn tha 7

H$i Dja ly Vift Nam Dai hoc Thai Nguyen 4. P H A T TRIEN DU LICH CONG D 6 N G Ci L A N G DIEM: KET QUA DAT DUQC vA VAN DE DAT RA

4.1. Ket qua dat duffc

Thing 7/2010, Sd Van hoa Thi thao v i Du lich Bic Ninh khdi dpng du an du Iich cpng ddn§

Bic Ninh vdi su phdi hgp cua td chiic Quy chau A ciing Vign Nghien ciiu va Phit tnen nginh nghe ndng thdn Viet Nam. Cin bd v i nhan dan dia phuang coi day la dy in cd tinh quan ttpng vi lpi ich cdng ddng trong ITnh vuc phat trien kinh te - xa hpi d dja phuang va gdp phan quing ba hinh anh du Ijch cdng ddng ling Dilm, nhit Ii sau khi din ca Quan hp Bic Ninh dugc UNESCO cong nhin la di san van hda phi vat thg dgi dien cua nhan logi nam 2009.

Sau 02 nam trien khai thyc nghifm md hinh du ljch cdng ddng d ling Diem tai xa Hda Long (thanh phd BSc Ninh) da giiip cdng ddng dan cu dia phuong cd nhan thirc ro ban vg hogt dpng du ljch. Nhd vgy, tiem nang du Ijch d dja phuang da dugc "khai day" bdi chinh nhftng ngudi nong dan nai day da v i dang tiing budc quen vdi viec lim du lich .

Hogt ddng du ljch cpng ddng tgi ling Dilm da dgt dugc nhung ket qua ban diu ding khich If, dugc nhieu khich du Ijch n^i dia v i qudc tl biit dgn. Hien na^, ngudi din dja phuang da tirng budc tham gia v i dugc hudng lgi tir hogt dfng du Ijch. Qua ket qua diiu tia ciia nhdm tac gia (thdng 3 nam 2013; Khio sit vg thue tigng du Ijch cpng ddng d Ling Diem): 47,5 % ngudi dan chua ed dupc ngudn thu nhap tir hogt dpng du Ijch; 37,5% ngudi dan cd mire thu nhgp nhd ban 500 nghin ddng/ thing; 11,3 % c6 mire thu nhap tir 500 nghin dgn hon 1,0 trieu ddng/ thing; 3,7 % cd miic thu nhip tir 1,0 trigu din 2,0 trigu ddng. Digu nay da tao thgm hiing thii cho ngudi dan khi tham gia Iam du Ijch.

Tien cp sd nhiing ngupn thu nhap tir hogt dpng du Ijch, quy du ljch cpng ddng eua ling Dilm, xa Hoi Long dugc lap ra nhim muc dich chi tia cho cac boat ddng chung cua ban quan li (BQL) du an. Cdng dong dan cu ling Diem ndi rieng va xa Hoi Long ndi chung, tai dau tu tdn tgo CO sd vgt chit du Ijch va ddng gdp cho cac hogt ddng chung ciia ling, xa. Ngudn thu ciia quy bao gdm [I]:

- Thu tir djch vy hudng dan khich tham quan: 15% / tdng doanh thu cua khach.

- Thu tii dich vy an udng: 5% / tdng doanh thu phyc vy khich an udng.

- Thu tii dich vy tidng gift xe: 5% / tdng doanh thu.

- Thu tii hao tam tu nguygn dng hd ciia khach du lich, cic cdng ty du lich lu hanh (cd thi bing tiin hoic bang hifn vat).

Den nay, BQL du Ijch d i ddn tiep tien SO lugt doin khach tiong v i ngoii nude tham quan du ljch, nghign ciiu khoa hpc vdi tdng so khich du ljch hing nghin ngudi, dem Igi tdng doanh thu khoing 100 trifu ddng; dupc du Idiich danh gii tdt v i co mong mudn tid lai lin sau. Qua hogt dpng du ljch nay gdp phan quing ba hinh anh du Ijch cua lang Digm ndi rieng va Bae Ninh ndi chung. Day ciing la ngudn ddng vien khich If ddi vdi BQL dg hp lim tdt cdng tac chi dgo phat ttiln hogt dOng du Ijch tdt ban tiong tiiong lai.

CJ lang Dilm, khich du Ijch khdng chi dupc nghe hit Quan hp mi cdn dugc tryc tiip tham gia hit Qaan hp vdi nhftng liin anh, liln chj; di tham quan trii nghifm vifc ttdng diu nudi tim, uom ta d cic hd gia dbih; Iam binh khiic, hpc canh tgm triu cinh phupng,.... Ngu cd nhu cau khach dujjch cd.^i.Jhy0ng_thiJEC_nhftng mdn in dan di, mang net dgc trung cua dja phuang nhu:

Cam Quan hp, binh khiic, chg dd dii hogc mua nhihig mdn dd luu nifm rit dgc dap nhu: Tranh thgu Quan hp, non ba tim, tiang phyc Quan hp,... Dieu nay d i tgo dugc hiing thii cho khich du Ijch khi ve vdi midn que "son thiiy hiiu tinh", noi day ap nhftng lin difu dan ca Quan hp dim tham, tift tinh va cym di tich Ijeh sii vin hda dpc dap.

Trong qui trinh thuc hifn, BQL dy MI d i phdi hgp ciing vdi cac nhi tii tip va Sd Van hoi Thi thao va Du Ijch Bie Ninh d l xiy dyng cic tour du Ijch cpng ddng giiip du khach cd diiu kign tham quan, khim phi nhihig n6t vin hda dgc dio ciia ling Diem ndi rigng v i van hda ciia tinh Bic Kpyiu Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia lp todn qudc ldn thd 7

Hpi Dia ly Viet Nam Dgi hoc Thii Nguygn Ninh ndi chung. Hign nay, d tinh Bic Ninh da thiet kl 07 tour du ljch cdng ddng, trong do ed 04 tour gin vdi dilm hen lang Digm.

Tour 01: Ling gdm Phii Lang - chiia But Thap/ ling tucmg Dinh Td - ling Quan hp Digm.

Tour 02: Lang gdm Phu Lang - Lang Quan hp Dilm.

Tpur 03: lang Quan hp Dilm - Lang tuang Dinh Td/ chiia But Thap.

Tour 04: Thim ling Quan hp Dilm.

Trong thdi gian qua, Sd Van hoa The thao va Du Ijch tinh Bac Ninh, Trung tim vin hda Bic Ninh,... cung da td chiic nhigu boat ddng gdp phin quang bi hinh anh du ljch, gidi thigu vdi du khach vl di san van hda Quan hp, di tich ljch sii van hda cda tinh Bic Ninh ndi chung va lang Dilm ndi rieng nhu: Festiaval Bic Ninh 2010, Vl mign Quan hp nam 2013 vdi chu de "Ngpn ngudn tam linh", Hdi thi hit Quan hp dau xuan,... CI Ig hpi din Vua Bi hing nam d i cd hang nghin khich du lich din ling Dilm, mpi dudng ling ngo xdm deu ddng eh^t ngudi di triy hgi, tiing hat Quan hg am vang khip mpi noi. Dgc bigt, trong ngiy hdi den Vua Ba nam 2013, Dai truyin hinh Viet Nam (kenh truyin hinh VTV4) da ve thyc hign chuang trinh nhim gidi thifu di san van hda Quan hp n6i rigng vi nhiing gia tri van hda khic ciia lang Dilm din nhftng kiiu bio d nude ngoii.

Thyc tl cho thiy hogt dpng du lich da cd tac ddng din cudc sdng ciia ngudi din dja phuang, gdp phin nang cao thu nhap, cii thign cude sdng cho cdng ddng dan cu. Hp thuc sy Ii nhiing ngudi dupc hudng lgi tii chinh vigc khai thic nhiing gia tri van hoi tign qug huong minh. Dgc bift, vifc phat trien du ljch cdng ddng cung chinh la giii phap hihi higu cho vigc bio tdn v i phit huy ban sic van hoi dan tdc.

Co the ndi, chii truong phat trien ling du Ijch cdng ddng da dat dupc nhiing kit qua khi quan. Viec xay dyng iing du Ijch cpng ddng da dem Igi sy ddi thay theo hudng tich cyc ddi vcri nhgn th^c cua can bp va ngudi dan ve du lich ndi chung va du lich cdng ddng timg bude dupc ning lgn. Ngudi dan d ling Diem da hiiu dupc y nghTa cita vifc phit triin du ljch cpng ddng gin v(M phat triin kinh tl, y thiic bao tdn van hoi, bio vg tii nguygn du lich dugc hinh thinh va ciing ed.

Qua dd, nhigu gia dinh d3 chu ddng va tham gia hifu qua vao cac hogt dpng phit triin du ljch cpng ddng tai dja phuong nhu: Cii tgo nhi d, mua sim ti^ng tiiilt bj tdi thiiu dB phyc vy vi ddn khich du ljch tham quan, luu tiii, y thiic sdng vf sinh, lim dgp cinh quan thdn xdm dugc ning lgn, eac cdng ttinh vg sinh hign dgi da duge xay dyng thay the cho cdng trinh vf sinh tiuyin thdng, ...

Thdng qua cac Idp tap huan, ngudi din ling Dilm da dupc trang bj nhiing ky nang co bin de phyc vu, khai thac, kinh doanh tiong ITnh vyc du Iich v i budc diu da thu hiit dupc khi nhiiu khich du Iich ttong vi ngoai nude din tham quan.

Bgn cgnh nhiing kgt qua da dgt dugc, vifc phit trien du Ijch cpng ddng d ling Dilm van cdn mpt sd van de tdn tgi can giii quyit. Dd li, sy hgn chg vl ngudn vdn diu tu, du Ijch mang tinh mua vy, yiu vl kiln tiuic vi ky nang phyc vu khich du Ijch, m^t sd nghi tiuyin tiidng bj mai mpt,...Vi tiie dg phat tiign du Ijch cOng ddng dgt hieu qua cao va bin vung cin sy quan tam dau tu hon nfta vg mpi mit vi su tham gia tich cyc ciia ngudi din dja phuang.

4.2. v i n de dat ra

So dT du Ijch cpng ddng d Ling Dilm trong tiidi gian triin khai va thyc hifn da dgt dupc nhung kgt qua nhit dinh nhu tten Ii do: the mgnh co bin ciia du Ijch ling Dilm chinh la tinh da dgng yi dpc dao vl ngudn tii nguygn du Iich. Vdi b l day Ijch sii lau ddi da tgo diiu kifn cho noi day cd cym di tich Iich su vdi cac cdng trinh ndi tiing khip xu Kinh Bic nhu: Dinh Dilm, D ^ Cling Gigng Ngpc, Din Vua Bi, Chda Hung San cung net van hda am tiiuc dgc dio vdi nhiing mdii d$e sin nhu: Binh khiic, chg dd dai, com Quan hp, tiau tern canh phupng,... D^e bift li "nghi chai Quan hp" da tgp ngn siic hip din du Iich rigng vdi sin phim du Ijch ddc dio tign qug huong Thuy Td Quan hp. Vdi vj tri dja Ii tiiuan Ipi, khoing cich d gin tiung tam tiiinh phd ngn dilm du hch cpng ddng ling Dilm da dupc nhiiu nha Ift hinh chpn lim dilm du Iich ciia minh.

Kp yeu Hpi nghi Khoa hgc Dia lp todn qudc ldn tha 7

Hoi Dia ly Vift Nam fiai hoc 1 hai Nguyen Bgn cgnh dd, ca sd vat chit phuc vu du Ijch cdng ddng dang timg budc dugc nang cip, ttyc dudng giao thdng da duge bg tdng hoa, bd sung cay xanh, ghg da,... Cac djch yu phyc vy du lich dang dugc quan tam diu tu phit trien. Mat khic, giiia cac tigu ban da cd sy phdi hgp chat che vdi nhau va vdi cdng ddng dan cu cung vdi tinh cim chan thanh, su nigm nd, mgn khach cua ngudi dan dia phuang cung nhu sy quan tam dau tu eiia BQL dy in du ljch cdng ddng va cac nhi tai trg cung nhu net cd kinh thanh binh cua lang qug da tao dugc an tugng tdt ddi vdi du khach.

Ben cgnh nhiing thanh tyu dat dugc, du Ijch cdng ddng d lang Diem vin cdn mdt sd tdn tgi nhat djnh. Nguygn nhan ca ban dd la sy hgn chi vg ngudn vdn dau tu dg nang cap cp sd vat chat, xay dyng vi phat triin dich vy phuc vy du Ijch, san xuit dd luu nigm,.... Du Hch ling Dilm vin cdn mang tinh miia vu, phan Idn khach du Ijch tip trung tu thing 11 den thing 3 (Am lieh), chiem khoing 70 % Iupng khach du ljch trong nam. Mat khic, cac tieu ban vin cdn yiu vg kiln thiic v i ky nang phuc vy khach du Ijch, nhat Ii dpi ngu hudng din vign. Mdt so nghe truyen thdng cua dia phuong d i bj mai mdt ciing gay khd khan cho BQL khi td chiic cic hogt ddng tiong tour du Ijch dl phyc vy nhu cau cua khich du Ijch.

KETLUAN

Tir vigc phan tich nhiing vin dg li lu§n v i thyc tien ttgn eho thay, mdi quan hf bien chiing giua van hda truyin thdng vi du ljch cpng ddng tiong qua trinh van ddng phat trien ciia mdi dja phuang, mdi vimg mien Ii rit rd. Du lich khai thac cic gii tri vin hda Iam nen ting eho myc dich cua cic chuyin di v i dya vao van hoa dl phit ttiln. Ngupc lai, sy phit triin ciia du Ijch lgi la mdt tiong nhihig dpng lyc gdp phin phye hdi yeu td van boa tmygn thdng. Vai ttd ngudi dan ttong qui trinh phit triin du Ijeh cpng ddng dugc tdn trgng ban vi hp chinh la chii thg dg khich den va niu cd dugc ky ning Iam du Ijch thi chinh hp se tgo ra sin phim du Ijch die sic.

D I diy mgnh phit triin du Ijch cdng ddng d ling Digm dgt hifu qua cao va bgn vftng, ddng thdi giu gin vi phit huy dugc cic gii trj vin hoi truygn thdng cua dja phuang, ein phii thyc hign ddng bd cic giii phap nhu: nang cao chat Iupng ngudn nhin lue du Ijch, gia tang chat lugng dich vy du Iich, quing bi hinh inh du Ijch ling Digm li rat quan ttpng. Bfn cgnh dd, cin cd kg hoach dao tgo ngudn nhin lyc phuc vu cho phit trien du Ijch, dgc bigt li dpi ngu thuyet minh vien va nhan vien phyc vy tgi lang; hoin thifn ehiln luge tuyen tiuygn quing b i va xiic tiin du lich vin hoi c^ng dong tao dieu kien cho du khach kham pha ban sic van hoi phong phu, dpc dio, dgc sac cua vimg Kinh Bae ndi chung v i ctia ling Dilm ndi rigng.

TAI LI$U THAM KHAO

1. Ban quin 1^ du ljch cfng ddng xa Hda Long (2012), Bdo cdo kit qud thifc hipn du dn du lich cpng ddng tgi Viem Xd - Hda Long giai dogn 2010 - 2011.

2. Le Thj Chung, Le Danh Khidm, Nguygn Mgnh Tiin, Nguyin Xuin Trung, Nguygn Ding Tiic (2008), Ldng va nghp nhdn Quan hg Bdc Ninh, S& Vdn hod Thi thao vd Du lich Bdc Ninh, Vien Vdn hoa Nghp thudt Viet Nam.

3. Nguyin Thua Hy (2011), Van hda VietNam truyin thdng. Nxb Thdng tin vi truyin thdng.

4. Lg Hdng Ly va nnk (2009), Qudn li di sdn vdn hoa vdi phdt trien du Ifch, Nxb Dgi hgc qudc gia Hd Npi, H i NOi.

5. Lg Thj Minh Qui (2009), Khai/Adcf//idn vdn hda Quan hg Bdc Ninh phife vif phdt triin (Ai7jcA7XuarvairTh"S:Thiirch,TriidngDHKHXH & NV, DHQG HaNoi.

6. Vo Que, Luang Hdng Quang, Vd Chi Cdng (2006), Du lich cpng ddng - ly thuyit vd van dung, tap },_ Nxb Khoa hpc v i Ky thuat. Ha Npi.

7. Bui Thj Hii Yin va nnk (2012), Du Hch cpng ddng. Nxb Giao dye. H i Ngi.

Kpyiu Hpi nghi Khoahgc Dia ly todn qudc ldn thu 7