KINH TE NQANH - LANH THO
Thu hut lao dong dap utig
nhu cau phat trien cua cac KCN d Bac Ninh
DO TOAN SdN' PHAM THANH HAI"
Thu hut lao d$ng, dac bi$t la lao d$ng co chat liTcfng dang la thach thdc khdng nho doi vdi cac doanh nghidp trong cac khu cdng nghidp (KCN) d Bic Ninh. Thifc trang nay doi hoi cac cd quan quan ly nha nifdc va doanh nghidp phai cd nhfifng giai phap c§'p thi§'t di thu hut lao ddng nhkm dap d^g nhu cau phat trien cua cac KCN tinh B^c Ninh.
CHAT LL/gfNG LAO D O N G CON HAN CHE Theo Ban Quan ly Cdc KCN tinh Bdc Ninh, tinh dd'n hd't ndm 2013, tdng so lao ddng trong cdc KCN tinh Bac Ninh Id 129.609 ngtfdi, tang 69% so vdi ndm 2012 (76.531 lao dgng) va tang 134% so vdi ndm 2011 (55.219 lao ddng); nguydn nhan la do ndm 2012-2013 nhieu dd in ldn di vdo hoat dgng, nen da thu hut so Itfdng ldn lao dpng vdo ldm vide.
vi CO cdu theo dia phucmg, trong tdng sd lao ddng dang lam vigc tai cac KCN, lao dpng cua dia phtfdng chid'm ty Id cdn khd khiem ton. Cu thd: Ty Id lao ddng dia phtfdng trdn tdng so lao dpng cd xu htfdng ngay cdng gidm: ndm 2010 Id 45,1%, ndm 2011 Id 41%. ndm 2012 la 38,5%, ndm 2013 la 33,1% (Hinh).
Theo chung toi, nguyen nhdn cua thifc trang tren chu ye'u la do: (i) Nhu cau tuye'n dung cua lao dpng cua doanh nghiep chu ye'u Id lao dgng tr^. Trong khi do. do'i ttfdng ndy cd nhieu ltfa chpn trong tim kiem vide lam (chenh lech mtfc Itfdng; stfc hdt thi trtfdng HiMH: xu H(/driG TAMG CUA LAO DQNG D[A PHCTdNG
VA tJ\0 E)OMG MGOAI TIMH (2005-2013)
lao ddng cua cde dia phtfdng lan cdn.
dac biet la Ha Npi; stf phat trien cua cdc doanh nghiep ngodi KCN; mang Itfdi cdc lang nghe; mdi trtfdng lam viec...); (ii) Ngudn cung lao ddng ldn cua cdc tinh lan cdn vdi mtfc gid vd chi phi khong ldn; (iii) Doanh nghidp gdp khd khan trong vide thu hut. stf dung lao dpng dia phtfdng.
vi ty li gidi tinh. trong tdng sd lao dgng, lao dpng ntf chid'm ty le ldn vd ngdy cang tang, khoang 74% (nam 2013) so vdi 66% (ndm 2012) va 62,3% (nam 2011). Ty Id gidi tinh trong stf dung lao dpng cd lien hd chdt chd vdi ngdnh nghe san xuat cua doanh nghidp, nhd't la dac diem, tinh cha't stf dung lao ddng eung nhtf qua trtnh sdn xud't san pham. Lao ddng ntf dtfde stf dung nhieu chtftig td, doanh nghiep quan tdm nhieu de'n nhtfng tfu diem eua lao dpng nff, nhtf: stf kheo ldo. ben bi. quan h^ lao ddng... ddc bidt la doanh nghidp san xua't do didn ttf. dien thoai di dpng...
Ve do tudi. lao dpng ldm vide tai cde KCN chu yeu Id lao dpng tre, trong dd, dp tudi ttf 15 de'n 34 tuoi chiem ty le tren 90% tdng sd lao^dpng; sd lao ddng ttf 35 tudi trd ldn chiem ty Id khdng ddng ke.
Ddy Id mpt trong nhffng ddc diem quan trgng cua cdc doanh nghidp trong stf dung lao ddng.
Vi trinh dg chuyin mdn, lao ddng khdng cd trinh dd chuydn mon ky thuat chie'm ty Id 64%. lao dgng ed trinh do cao I phong UBND ttr..^
nhonq Trunq do- :ac Mmh
Fjsnq
Jotuanson36@grr;-
62
Kinhie\,, Dii hiddSng. dai hgc trd ldn chiem ty Id 13%, cdn lai Id lao dgng cd trinh do trung cap.
cd chtftig chi nghe... Chinh vi ban che've trinh do chuyen mdn. md ty Id lao dong gian ddn cdn Idn (50%). lao ddng cd ky ndng trong ITnh vtfc phi ndng nghidp chie'm ty Id 33%. Trong khi dd, sd Itfdng lao ddng chuydn mon bdc cao, bac trung chi^m ty 1? rat tha'p (4%).
vi ITnh vac ddo tao, lao ddng dtfdc ddo tao thudc lmh vtfc ky thuat va cdng nghd chie'm ty le ldn (38%), trong khi ITnh vtfc kmh te' - xd hdi. ndng nghiep.
khoa hgc ttf nhidn vd eac ITnh vtfc khde chid'm ty Id ra't nhd (Bieu do).
Thtfc trang trdn cho thd'y. doanh nghi?p trong cdc KCN d Bdc Ninh chu y^u dang stf dung mdt itfdng ldn lao ddng chat itfpng thd'p vd vdo nhiShg cdng vide cd tfnh gidn ddn, ngay ca 6 nhOtig doanh nghidp. tap doan cd quy mo ldn.
Kd't qud di^u tra 100 doanh nghidp trong cdc KCN tren dia ban tinh Bdc Ninh ttf thdng 6 dd'n thang 8/2013 ctfa nhdm nghidn ciJu cho thay, 69% doanh nghidp dtfdc hdi cho rdng. de lao dgng thich tfng dtfdc vdi cdng viec phai md^t thdi gian ddo tao ttf 1-3 thdng (Bang).
Hdu hd't cdc doanh nghiep deu cho i^ng. khi tuyen dung lao ddng vdo Idm vide van phai md't mdt khoang thdi gian di ngtfdi lao dgng thich tfng vdi cong vide Nhtf vdy, sd r^t thudn ldi cho doanh nghidp nd'u ngtfdi lao ddng thich tfng nhanh vdi qud trinh sdn xud't.
Ve mtfc dp cin thiet (03 mtfc: ra't can thiet, cin thid't, khdng cdn thid't) cua cdc chi tidu lien quan de'n chat Itfdng lao ddng ddi vdi doanh nghiep. Ke't qua dieu tra cho tha'y, trdn 60% doanh nghidp dtfdc hoi cho rdng "Tdc phong lao ddng cdng nghidp", "Kid'n thtfc chuydn mdn nghe nghidp". "Phd'i hdp lam vide nhdm" la nhifng tidu ehi rd't can thie't; cdc tieu chi cin thid't Id "Stf dung phtfdng tidn va mdy mdc thie't bi" (96%), "Cha'p hdnh ndi quy lao dpng" (85%). "Thdi quen giff vd sinh cdng nghiep" (82%), "Ky ndng giao tid'p" (65%). Ke't qua ndy chtfng td rdng, cdc doanh nghiep ddc bidt chu trgng dd'n trtnh do chuyen mdn nghi nghidp cua lao dgng vd tdc phong, S thtfc, thdi dd cua ngtfdi lao ddng trong qud trinh ldm vide.
Ve tam quan trpng cua cdng tac ddo lao ddi vdi timg nhdm lao dgng theo 03 tidu chi (ra't quan trpng, quan trpng.
khdng quan trpng). dieu tra cho tha'y:
BIEU D 6 : Cd CAU LAO DgNG THEO LJNH VCfC DdOC DAO TAG
BAMG: THdl GIAN DAO T^O CHO NGdCil LAO t>OMG d CAC DOANH MGHI$P
Thdi gian lao d$ng thfch ihig cAng vife 1-3 thang
4-6 thdng 7-9 thang 10-12 thdng 12 thang tr3 len Khong c^n dao tao
T> 1$ d o a n h n g h i d p d d n g y ki@n
69<J 15"/^
6%
4%
2%
4%
Mgu<
77% ddi vdi "Nha quan ly. Idnh dao cdc ddn vi, phan xtfdng", 89% dd'i vdi "Nhd chuyen mdn bdc cao/bdc trung. cdn bp ky thudt", 70% ddi vdi "Nhdn vidn trd Iy vdn phdng/dich vu vd bdn hang". Dieu ndy cho thd'y, cdng tdc ddo tao vdi cde nhdm lao ddng nay Id quan trpng; trong khi dd 75% J kid'n cho rdng, vide ddo tao ddi vdi "Cdng nhdn (lao dpng gidn ddn)" la khdng quan trpng.
Ve nhffng khd khdn chu yd'u trong vide dao tao vd phdt tridn nguon lao dgng cua doanh nghidp, thi: 59%
y kie'n cho rang: "Thid'u sif hd trp ttf cdc cd quan qudn ly nha ntfdc"; 15% y kie'n cho rdng: "FChd khdn ve trinh dp quan ly"; 73% y kid'n cho rdng: "Mang Itfdi cd sd ddo tao ngudn nhan ltfc con ban che', phdn bd chtfa hdp IJ"; 91% y kien cho rdng: "Han chd've vd'n dau ttf cho dao tao vd phat trien ngudn nhan \\Xc".
Ve kid'n nghi cua doanh nghiep dd'i vdi Nha ntfdc nhdm hd trd doanh nghidp ddo tao va phat trien ngudn iao ddng: 15% J kid'n cho rdng, can "Md rpng mang Itfdi cd sd dao tao ngudn nhan ltfc vd md rdng loai hinh ddo tao"; 33% y kien cho rang, c^n "Xa hpi hda cong tac dao tao lao ddng, khuydn khich mpi life Itfdng xa hgi tham gia vdo cdng tdc ddo tao lao ddng"; 52% y kid'n cho rdng, can "Xdy dtfng trung tam thdng tin ve lao ddng vd vide Idm, day manh boat dpng cua cac trung tam gidi thidu vide lam";
91 % y kie^n cho rang, can "Doi mdi chinh sach nham thu hut nhan ltfc cd trtnh dp vd tay nghe cao"; 94%
y ki^n cho rang, can "Xdy dtfng chinh sdch thdng thodng hdn nhdm thu hut dau ttf trong va ngodi ntfde vdo phdt trid'n cdc KCN"; 97% cho rang, can "Han
Economy and Fl)^t•l.l^l Review
63
KINH TE NGANH - LANH THO
chd^ cap phep dau ttf mdi vd tdp trung lap day cdc KCN dd dtfdc ca'p phep".
MQT SO DE XUAT
Theo dtf bdo, ddng vd'n dau ttf vdo cac KCN d Bac Ninh se tiep tuc tdng nhanh. Cu th^: ndm 2015, gid tri san xuat cdng nghiep cua cdc KCN khoang ttt49.000 ty ddng den 56.000 ty ddng; nam 2020 khoang ttf 95 000 ty ddng den 110.000 ty ddng. Theo dd, cdc KCN se cd nhu cau stf dung khodng 20 van Iao dgng vdo ndm 2015. khodng 24 van lao dgng vdo ndm 2020.
Bdi vay. nhdm thu hut lao ddng cho cdc KCN trdn dia bdn tinh Bac Ninh. theo chung tdi, can thtfc hign cd hieu qua mdt sd'giai phdp sau:
Mdt Id, xdy dtfng vd hoan thidn cdc dtf dn ha tang kinh td" - xd hdi lien quan dd'n KCN. nham gdp phan tao dieu kidn ve nhd d cho ngtfdi lao dgng. Day Id gidi phdp cd tfnh ben vffng trong vide thu hut va gitf chan ngtfdi lao ddng, gdn bd lau dai ddi vdi doanh nghidp.
De giai quyet vd'n de ndy, can cd tam nhin dai ban, cd chinh sach xay dtfng nhd d. da dang hda cac hinh thtfc dau ttf. khuyd'n khich xd hpi hda ve xay dtfng nhd cho ngtfdi lao dpng.
Hai Id. thtfc hidn chtfdng trinh an sinh vd phtfc ldi xd hpi ddi vdi lao dgng KCN. Quan tam den td chtfc quan ly hdnh chinh khu dan ctf ngodi hdng rao KCN.
Td chtfc td't he thdng cung cap cdc dich vu phuc Idi cdng cdng d khu dan ctf, ndi lao dgng KCN sinh sdng (ntfdc, didn, van bda, thdng tin, gidi tri...).
Ba la, cdng khai thdng tm ve Itfdng vd cdc dieu kidn.
mdi trtfdng lam vide, nhu cau tuyen dung, dieu kign, chd'dd ldm vide lidn quan de'n ngtfdi lao ddng trdn cdc phtfdng tidn thdng tin dai chung. Vide quang bd nay nhdm thu hut khdng chi lao ddng ctfa tinh Bac Ninh, md cdn thu btft lao dpng d cic dja phtfdng khde, nhdm da dang hda ngudn cung lao ddng vd thu hut dtfdc lao dpng cd trinh dp cao.
Bd'n la. edi thidn quan he lao ddng, xay dtfng ed chd' vd van hdnh hidu qua vide hpp tdc. dd'i thoai.
thtfdng Itfdng, thda thudn gitfa cdc bdn trong quan he
lao ddng. Hodn thidn vd nang cao vai trd cua td chtfc dai didn cua cdc ben. nhat Id phat tri^n vd nang cao nang ltfc cua td chtfc cdng doan doanh nghiep trong KCN thtfc stf la ngtfdi dai dipn cho ngtfdi lao dgng.
Dong thdi. thtfc hidn dtfng. day du. kip thdi cdc chd'dp. chinh sdch ddi vdi ngtfdi lao dpng. nhtf: bao hiem, ti^n Itfdng, tien thtfdng, tiln tdng ca... gdp phan hd trd ngtfdi lao ddng giam bdt gdnh ndng vdt chd't trong cudc song. Bdn canh vide hd trd ve cd sd vdt chat, doanh nghidp can chtf trong cai thien mdi trtfdng lam vide cho ngtfdi lao dgng. tao dieu kidn cho ngtfdi Iao dong dtfdc tham gia hpe tdp.
nang cao trinh dd vdn hda, chuyen mdn, nghidp vu, cham lo ddi sd'ng van hda, tinh than eua bdn than.
Nam Id, phit trien thi trtfdng lao ddng, trong dd, tap trung hodn thidn cdc chinh sdeh ddi vdi doanh nghidp vd lao dpng;
lien thdng thi trtfdng lao dpng ve quy md, chat Itfdng lao dpng vd cd ca'u ngdnh nghe. Xay dtfn^ vd thtfc hi?n chid'n Itfdc phdt trien ngudn nhdn ltfc, ddc biet Id ddo tao. day nghi cho ngtfdi lao ddng de' cung cap cho cdc KCN. Bdn canh dd, d£y manh ddo tao, day nghe chat Itfdng cao ddp tfng nhu clu cua doanh nghidp.
Ddng thdi, phdt tnen he thdng thdng tin thi trtfdng lao dpng, tang ctfdng cac hoat dpng ttf van, gidi thidu vide ldm, da dang hda cdc hoat ddng dich vu vide ldm, kd't ndi cung - clu lao dgng. Doi mdi cdng tdc thdng kd lao dpng. vigc lam; xay dtfng cd sd dff lieu chuan ve thi trtfdng lao ddng nham nam bat kip thdi bien ddng cua thi trtfdng lao ddng, ddc biet Id cung - clu lao dpng cua cdc KCN trdn dm ban Tinh.U
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. UBND tinh Bdc Ninh (2011). Quyet dinh sd 126/2011/QD-UBND, ngdy 12/10/2011 ve viec phi duyet Quy hogch phdt trien nhdn life tinh Bac Ninh giai dogn 2011-2015, dinh hudng de'n ndm 2020
2. Ban Quan ly Cac KCN Bdc Ninh (2014). Bdo cdo tinh hinh sd dung lao dgng tgi cdc KCN ndm 2013
3. Ban Quan Iy Cae KCN Bac Ninh (2010). Quv hogch phdt tridn nhdn luc cua cdc KCN Bdc Ninh thdi ky' 2011-2015 vd dinh hUdng di'n ndm 2020
QUANG CAO SO 21 THANG 11/2014 KINH TE VA D^/ BAO l.ConglyTNHH MotthanhvienXdsoki^nthietThiJdo
2. Chtfdng trinh ThUOng hieu xanh 2014 3. ViSn thdng Quoc le .
..Bia 2 . Bia 3 ..Bia 4
