Tap chi Khoa hoc va Phat tri§n 2010: Tap 8, sd 6: 1017- 1020 TRUONG DAI HOC NONG NGHIEP HA NQl
UING DUNG BINH HULL DE LUA CHON NHANH DUNG DjCH MA KEM AMON
Application of the Hull Cell for Rapid Selection of Zinc A m o n Electroplating Solution
Tong Ngoc Tuan
Khoa Ca - Dien, Tru&ng Dgi hgc Nong nghiep Hd Ngi Dja chi email tac gia lien he: tntuan(^hua.edu.vn
TOM TAT
Cong nghe ma dien, trong do cd ma kem du'O'c irng dung co hieu qua cao. Dg dam bao ch^t lu>(3'ng la'p ma c4n phai lira chon dung djch ma hcyp ly. Bai bao nay gio'i thieu k i t qua nghien ciru u'ng dung binh Hull d§ lira chpn nhanh dung djch ma kem amon. Ket qua da chpn du'p'c dung djch vd'i cac thanh phan sau: ZnClz - 33g/l; NH4CI - 220 g/l; H3BO3 - 30g/l va (NH)2CS - 1g/l.
Tir khoa: Binh Hull, dung djch, ma dien, ma kem.
SUMMARY
The electroplating techonology, including zinc plate, is applied with high efficiency. In order to ensure the quality of electroplated layers, it is necessary to choose reasonable plating solution. This article introduces research results on application of the Hull cell for rapid selection of zinc amon electroplating solution. The obtained results put forward asolution with the forllowing ingredients:
ZnClz - 33g/l; NH4CI - 220g/l; H3BO3 - 30g/l and (NH)2CS - 1g/l.
Key words: Electroplating, Hull cell, solution, zinc plate.
I . D A T V A N D E
Kem la kim loai thdng dung de bao ve sat thep va hdp kim ciia chung. Cd nhieu eong nghe phii kem, trong dd cdng nghe ma dien dflcic sii dung kha rdng rai va mang lai hieu qua eao, dae biet khi phii ldp kem bao ve trang tri (Nguyen Van Ldc, 2001; Nguyen Dfle Hung, 1992; Nguyin Van Tfl, 2002;
JIaHHep, 1974).
Chat lfl(?ng ldp ma phu thudc ra't nhieu vao dung dieh ma. Hien cd ra't nhieu loai dung dich ma kem. Dung dich ma kem mudi amon, hieu sua't cao, td'e do ke't tiia nhanh, thanh phan gian ddn, dung dich dn dinh, ldp ma bdng, kha nang phan bd' tha'p, dflng de ma nhflng ehi tiet ddn gian (Nguyen Van Loc, 2001). Viec Ifla ebon thanh phan dung
dich ma cho cha't lfl(3ng eao la mdt trong eae cdng viec kha khd khan. Phfldng phap Hull (binh Hull) eho phep ed the chon nhanh dung dich ma (Nguyin Van Ldc, 2001; Tran Minh Hoang, 2005), nhflng phfldng phap nay van chfla dfl(3c flng dung rdng rai, nha't la d cac ed sd ma nhd.
Tfl nhflng ly do tren, nghien cflu flng dung binh Hull de Ifla chon nhanh dung dieh ma kem amon da dfl(3e tie'n hanh.
2. VAT LIEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ
2.1. Vat lieu n g h i e n cxiix
Thiet hi nghien eflu gom binh Hull, nguon dien ma va mot so' thiet bi phu trd khae (Hinh 1).
1017
Nghien cu'u iJng dung binh Hull d l lu'a chpn nhanh dung djch ma kem amon
Hinh 1. Thiet hi thi n g h i e m binh Hull a) Ca'u tao be Hull; b) Thiet bi thi nghiem GiQa and't va katd't trong binh Hull
khdng song song, cd gde do nha't dinh, dd la dae diem ed ban ciia binh Hull. O day dflng binh Hull cd dung tieh 250 ml, kieh thflde eua binh nhfl sau (Nguyen Van Ldc, 2001): a
= 119 mm; b = 86 mm; e = 127 mm; D = 213 mm; E = 85 mm.
And't day 3 mm, nguyen lieu la kem (gid'ng nhfl khi ma san xua't). Katd't la ta'm thep day 1 mm, be mat trflde khi ma dfl(3e lam sach dau md, danh bdng, bang phang.
Dung dich nghien cflu la dung dich ma kem amon gom bdn thanh p h i n : Kem clorua (ZnCL), amon clorua (NH4CI), axit boric (H3BO3) va thioure [(NH)2CS].
Tdc dung cua thdnh phdn cua dung dich mq kem muoi amon
• Kem clorua: Ham lfl(3ng kem clorua anh hfldng de'n chat Ifldng ldp ma. Ne'u ham lfl(3ng kem clorua qua cao lam giam phan cfle katdt, ldp ma thd. Ne'u ham IfliJng kem clorua qua tha'p, kha nang phan bd'kem, mat do ddng dien katdt be, td'e do ma cham, hieu qua thap.
• Amon clorua: Ham lfl(3ng amon clorua pham vi rdng 200-300 g/l, la mudi dan dien va la loai chat tao phflc. Ham lfl(3ng cao tang kha nang dan dien, kha nang phan bd' td't.
Ne'u qua cao (ldn hdn 300 g/l) thi mud'i ke't tinh, anh hfldng de'n cha't Ifldng ldp ma. Ham Ifldng nhd hdn 200 g/l, ldp ma thd, do bdng kem. Vi vay phai khd'ng ehe trong pham vi tfl 200 g/l la thieh h(?p.
• Axit Boric: La chat dem d'n dinh do pH, duy tri ham IfliJng quy dinh.
• Thioure: La chat tao bdng, lam tang kha nang phan cfle katot, ldp ma bdng, ke't tinh min. Ham lfl(?ng khdng vfl(3t qua 1,5 g/l.
Ne'u khdng ldp ma thu dong bie'n mau, vfldt qua 2 g/l ldp ma gidn.
2.2. Phifdng p h a p n g h i e n ciifu
Sii dung binh Hull de ma m l u vdi sfl thay dd'i t h a n h phan cac chat (Bang 1).
Rieng thioure chi cd 2 mflc, cac chat khae ed 5 mfle. Mfle cd' dinh eiia cac chat la: ZnClj - 33 g/l; NH4CI-25O g/l; H3BO3-28 g/l; (NH)2CS- 1 g/l. Nhiet do dung dich la nhiet do phdng, cfldng do ddng dien: 2A, thdi gian ma 5 phut.
Thdng qua chat lfl(3ng be mat ldp ma tren m l u de Ifla chon t h a n h phan dung dieh ma.
101!
Tong Nggc Tuan
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
mau cd thanh p h i n :ZnClg - 33g/l (Hinh 2);
Ke't qua nghien eflu trinh bay d hinh 2 NH^Cl - 220 g/l (Hinh 3);
den hinh 5. Dfla vao ldp ma tren cac tam ma H3BO3 - 30g/l (Hinh 4);
mau tha'y: Ldp ma dep nha't flng vdi eae tam (NH)2CS - lg/1 (Hinh 5).
Bang 1. Thanh phan dung dich
Ten c h i t ZnCl2 NH.CI H3BO3 (NH)2CS
31 220
26
32 235
27 1
Thanh phSn. g/l 33 250
28
0 (khong 34 265 29 CO Thioure)
35 280 30
n — T — n — T 1 1—T 1 — - | 10.2 7,0 5.8 3,8 2.8 2.04 1.34 0,74 0.2(A)I
Z n C I , ?l p/\
~i T r r — I 1 1 1—TT- 10,2 7.0 S.e 3,8 2,8 2.04 1,34 0.74 0.2 (A)l
Z n C I , ,12 g/l
T 1 1 1 T 1 1 1~
10.2 7.0 5.8 3,H .^,B ^,04 1.34 0,74 0.2(A)I ZnCI;
B | t i | ^ & i f e m . ^ a a ^ ^
^^^^^^^^^^^ «
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 3 ^
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ • ^
1 1 1 1 1 1 10.2 7,0 5.8 3.8
, 3 4
2,8
g/I
2 . 0 4 1.34 0,74 ," '-"iS^
0.2 (A) 1
ZnCI, .1.S g/l
"1 1—"T—n—ri—n—T—51—;7i—r 10,2 7.0 5,8 3.8 2.8 2.04 1.34 0,74 6,2IAll
ZnCI, .^.1 g/l
Hinh 2. Anh hxidng ciia ZnCI.
NH.,CI 2 2 0 g/l
-T T T n 1 1 1 -T I I 10,2 7.0 5.8 3.6 2,8 2.04 1,34 0,74 0,2[A)I
N l L C l 2.15 g/l
T 1 T 1 T ~1 1~
10.2 7.0 5.8 3.8 2,8 2.04 1.34 0,74 0,2 (A)l N H . C I 2.50 g/l
I I I ,1 T ^ — I I I r~
10,2 7,0 5.8 3.8 2.8 2.04 1,34 0.74 0.2 (A)l N H . C I 26.5 g/l
A
Hinh 3. Anh hfldfng ciia NH4CI
— I — 1 — I — f — I — I— I — I I I
10.2 7,0 5,8 3.6 2.B 2.04 1.34 0,74 0,2 (A) I N H , C I 280 g/l
1019
Nghien cu'u u'ng dung binh Hull de lu'a chpn nhanh dung djch ma kem amon
I r — I — I I I r 10.2 7,0 5.8 3.8 2.8 2.041,34 0.74 0,2(A)
H,BO, 26 g/l
I 10.2 7.0 5.8 3.8 2 8 2 ^ 1 ^4 0 74 0'2(A)1 10.2 7,0 5.8 3.8 2.8 2,041,34 0,74 0.2 (A)|
HjBOj 27 gfl HjBO, 28 g/l
H i n h 4. Anh hifdng ciia H3BO3
- I 1 1 — n — T 1 r 10,2 7.0 5.8 3.8 2,8 2.04 1.34 0,74 0.2 (A)l
H,BO, 29 g/l
r 1 1 1—n T - 10.2 7,0 5,8 3.8 2.8 2.04 1,34 0,74 0.2(A)I
H,BO, 30 g/l
4. KET LUAN
Tren ed sd ke't qua nghien cflu da chqn dflde dung dieh ma kem ed eae thanh phan nhfl sau: ZnCl^ - 33g/l; NH^Cl - 220 g/l;
H3BO3 -• 30g/l va (NH)2CS - lg/1. Nhiet do ma: nhiet do phdng.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Nguyin Van Ldc (2001). Ky t h u a t ma dien.
NXB. Giao due. Ha Ndi, tr. 73 - 74, tr.
294 - 298.
Hinh 5. Anh hxidng c u a Thioure a) Cd thioure;
b) Khdng ed thioure
b)
Tran Minh Hoang (2005). Kiem tra do dae trong ma dien. NXB. Khoa hoe va Ky thuat.
Ha Noi, tr.7-10, tr.91-104, tr.164-169.
Nguyin Dfle Hung (1992). So tay ma nhung phun. NXB. Khoa hoc va Ky thuat. Ha Ndi, tr.84-92.
Nguyin Van Tfl (2002). An mdn va bao ve vat lieu. NXB. Khoa hoc va Ky thuat. Ha Ndi, tr. 128.
JlatiHep B.H. (1974). 3amnTHbie noKpbiTHH MeTajT.noB. MocKBa, H3A. "MeTanjiypras", tr.
207-208.
1020
