\ V \ KINH NGHIEM QUOC Tg\
CAC NHAN TO TAC
D O N GDEN HIEU QUA QUAN TRI DIA PHU'ONG CJ INDONESIA VA KINH
NGHIEM DOI V d i VIET NAM
Nguyen Thi Hoa*
Hoang Thi Cdng**
Tom tdt: Ndng cao chdt Iddng, hieu qud hogt ddng cua chinh quyen dia phUdng (CQBP) da dddc Chinh phu Indonesia quan tdm vd dgt dUdc nhdng ket qud to ldn. CQDP cua quoc gia ndy ngdy cdng minh bgch, tgo dieu kien cho cdng ddn tiep can hogt ddng cua nhd nddc vd tdng eddng sd tham gia cda cdng ddn trong viec kiem tra, gidm sdt hogt dgng cua Chinh phd Bdi viet ldm ro cdc nhdn to tde dgng den hiiu qud qudn tri dia phddng (QTDP) d Indonesia, td do de xuat mdt sd kinh nghiim trong cdi cdch hdnh chinh d Viet Nam hiin nay.
Tdkhoa: chinh quyen dia phddng, qudn tri dia phddng, Indonesia, Viet Nam Abstract: Improving the quality and performance of local government has been of interest to the Government of Indonesia and achieved great results. The national authorities of this country are increasingly transparent, creating conditions for citizens to access state activities and enhance citizen participation in the inspection and supervision of the Government's activities. The paper clarifies the factors affecting the effectiveness of local governance in Indonesia, thereby suggesting some experience in administrative reform in Vietnam today.
Keywords: Local government, local governance, Indonesia, Vietnam Ngdy nhdn bdi: 9/8/2019 Ngdy sda bdi: 20/8/2019 Ngdy duyet ddng: 25/11/2019 1. Dat van de cap, cdc td ehflc ehinh trj - xa hpi, ngfldi dan va doanh nghiip. Tflu trung, can cd Quan tri tdt la mue tieu eao nhdt md ^^ ^^^ ^.^ ^.^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^a khu vfle la:
CQDP cae qude gia dang hfldng tdi. Tfl ^^ ^^^ ^.^^ ^^. ^ j . ^ ^^. ^^^^ p^^. j ^ ^ chu cua CQDP la co ebedl nang cao ^ ^ ^^ ^ j ^ . ^ ^^. ^.-^ ^^^ ^oanh nghiep;
hieu qua QTDP Tuy nhien, QTDP hieu ' ,. ^ ^ qua la kit qua eua thdi gian ddi va sfl nd
Iflc khdng ngflng eua eae bin hen quan. Cdc nghien cflu d Indonesia da ehi ra Ngoai ra, nd cflng yeu eau cam kit cua rang, de dat dflpe QTDP hieu qua pbdi ddi toan bd eae co quan quan ly nha nfldc cde mat va vfldt qua nhilu khd khan, thach
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ThS, TrUdng Dgi hgc Not vu Hd Ngi
Tap ehi Khoa hgc Ndi vu | 99
f KINH NGHIEM QU6c TJ ttt thfle nhfl: tham nhflng; cdy quyen cay thi;
chl dp gia (inh tri trong chinh quyen. Mdt nghien cflu dflp c thfle hiln bdi Td chfle Tfl van rui ro eblnh tri va kinh te (PERC) trong ba ndra, (tfl nara 2008 den 2010), da cbo thay rang thfl bang tham nhiing d Indonesia tang tfl diera sd 7.98 (tbeo thang diem 10) nam 2008 den sd dilm 8.32 nara 2009 va dat diem sd 10.07 trong nam 2010.
Sfl gia tang thara nhiing dang ke dang tdn pbd dat nfldc nay so vdi 16 qudc gia khdc chau A -Thai Binh Dfldng khde. Indonesia dflng thfl ba trong (nam 2008) va dflng dau tiln vao nara 2009 va 2010. Hdn nfla, nghien cflu chi ra rang van de tham nhiing ed lien quan mat thiet din quan liiu - rapt van nan dang dien rad Indonesia. Tinb trang tham nhflng va quan lieu nhfl vay la hdu qua tfl trach nhiem giai trinh kera.
Do dd, viec thfle hien quan tri tot can phai dflde dflde eai thien.
Lien quan din thfle tien tham nhung trong CQDP d Indonesia, Td chfle Minh bach Qude t l Indonesia (TII) da thfle hien mdt cude khao sat vao nam 2010 dl dieu tra van dl tbam nhung trong eac linh vfle cdng. Cae kit qua khao sat da phat hiln ra thanh thi Id ndi ed nbieu tham nhung hdn ndng thdn. Hai thdnh pho Pekanbaru va Cirebon ed ty ll tham nhung eao nbat trong viec thfle hien eae dieh vu edng edng so vdi 50 thanb phd ldn d Indonesia.
Thflc tien nay da dat ra yeu cdu eai thien hieu qua QTDP Do vay, eae eai each dien ra trong mdt thdi gian khd ddi d a phan nao khang dinh radt sd anh hfldng ddi vdi hdnh chinh edng, theo hfldng nd Iflc khdi phue lai chfle nang eua bd raay CQDP de eung cdp dich vu edng edng cbo ngfldi
100 I Tap chi Khoa hgc Ndi vu
dan dflpe tdt hdn.
Van dl ehinh ma chinb phfl Indonesia dang phai ddi phd Id sfl yeu kem eua bd may CQDP edc cap. Day la rao can ldn nhdt tde ddng de n hieu qua die u hanh QTDP d [1]. Thflc te nay ddn din eae ed quan kiem soat ndi bd cfla Chinh phfl cd traeh nhiem tiln hanh danh gid lai ede bao cdo tai cbinb trflde khi dl trinh lln Cd quan Kilm toan tdi cao (BPK) cung vdi tang cfldng cdng tac kiem toan, nang eao hieu qua quan tri efla CQDP cae cap [2].
De ndng eao hieu qua QTDP, bp may kiem soat ndi bd eua Chinh pbu (APIP) ddng vai trd giara sdt vile thfle hiln kiera soat ndi bp efla CQDP ddi vdi viec hoan thanb eae muc tilu phat trien qude gia gan vdi eae dia phfldng (Budiono, 2010).
Tuy nhien, cd chl nay van ed khe hd cho tham nhung. Nam 2009, Co quan Kiera todn tdi eao da phat hiln ra eae tai lieu tdi cbinb dupe hfl eau trong 6 co quan chinh phu hen quan den QTDP vdi sd tiln 2,4 ty IDR (Utusan Riau, 2011). HOn nfla, trong thdi gian nay ed hang ngan kit qua cfla Cd quan Kilm todn tdi cao khdng minh bach nin ngfldi dan dia phflong khdng chap nhdn. Dieu ndy tac ddng rat ldn den ldng tin cua ngfldi ddn ddi vdi khd nang rainh bach eua CQDR Thflc te nay ddi hdi Chinb phfl Indonesia phdi cai each QTDP mdt each triet de nham mdt mat lay l^i vi the va vai trd cua CQDP, mat khac ndng eao sfl tin nhiera cfla khu vfle tu va ngfldi dan ddi vdi chinh quyin. Cu the la, Chinh phu Indonesia lay ly thuyet quan tri efla Stoker (1998) ldm cd sdde cai each cbe dp QTDR Chmh phfl cflng vdi cdc nha khoa hpc nd Iflc tim ra phong each QTDP
i i i
\ \ \ KINH NGHliM QUOC Ti' I pbu hpp, trong dd tap trung vao ranh gidi
giao thoa va ben trong khu vfle edng va tfl nhan. Ban chat cfla QTDP dflpc xae dinh la tap trung vao eac cd che khdng dfla tren uy quyen cfla ehinh quyen va eae biln phap trflng phat efla cbinb pbu. QTDP theo ed ehe hpp dong, nhfldng quyin.
2. Cac nhdn to tac dgng din hiiu qua QTDP d Indonesia
2.1. Ndng ldc to chdc bg mdy nhd nUdc d dia phUdng
Nang Iflc la kbai niem ehi mdt ngfldi, mpt cd quan hay td chfle cd kiln thfle va dao dflc trong lam vile [3]. Cf Indonesia, nam 2004, Nur Afiah d a thflc hien mot nghien cflu dflp c Chinb phfl nfldc nay tai trd vdi rauc tieu kiera tra mdi quan he gifla nang Ifle cfla bd may CQDP vdi bilu qua quan tri. Nghiin cflu eho thay nang Iflc cfla cac thanb vien ed quan lap pbap dia phfldng, sfl rainh bach vl thara quyen cua bp may CQDP tae ddng tich cfle din hieu qua QTDP (nghiin cflu da khao sdt viec thfle hien ngdn sdeh va chat Ifldng thong tin tai cbinb). Cung chudI ndy, nam 2009, Leung va cdng sfl d a nghien cflu nang Ifle thfle tbi eua kiem toan ndi bp trong qudn tri doanh nghiip. Nghien cflu khuyen nghi nang Iflc eua bd may CQDP ed tde ddng tieh cfle ddi vdi kiem toan ndi bd trong quan tri doanh nghiep.
Chinh phfl can tap trung vao sfl minh bach, lilm cbinb cua bp mdy CQDP trong thflc tbi nhiem vu. Trinh dp eua edng chfle, van hda td ehflc vdi gia tri cdt ldi Id mmh bach, giai trinh, trdch nhiem, cam kit la hai thang do (scale) quan trpng de danh gia mflc dd nang Iflc cfla td ehflc bd
mdy CQDP d Indonesia.
2.2. Tinh chuyin nghiip trong kiem sodt hogt dgng ngi bg cua CQDP
CQDP d Indonesia ehiu sfl gidm sat cua ngfldi dan va doanh nghiep (gidm sat ngoai) va gidm sat ben trong (gidm sat npi bd). Kiem soat boat ddng ndi bd efla CQDP d Indonesia khdng dflng de chl mdt td ehflc kiem soat nhfl ed quan thanh tra nhfl d Viet Nam raa dflng dl ehi dao dflc va tfnh ehuyen nghiep trong phue vu ngfldi dan eua edng chfle. Quan diem nay bat ngudn tfl nghien cflu eua Kalbers
& Fogarty [4] sfl dung eae kbia canh eua tinb chuyen nghiep trong lao ddng dflpc dl xudt bdi gido sfl Hall eua Dai hpe Haward. Dao dflc va tinb ehuyen nghiep dflpc do Ifldng bdi eae bien dinb tinb nhfl:
u. Tan tam vdi nghi, the hiln qua sfl edng hien ehuyin nghiep dflde thflc hien bang each sfl dung kien thflc va ky nang;
b. Nghia vu xa hdi, lien quan din nhdn thfle vl tdm quan trpng efla vai trd nghe nghiep, lpi fch xa hdi va ngbi nghiep dflde eung cap bdi chinh nghe nghiep;
c. Nhu edu tfl ehu, Uln quan den quan diem cho rang mot ngfldi cdng ehflc phai cd kha nang dfla ra quyet dinh ma khdng can dp Ifle tfl bat ky bin nao;
d. Niem tin vao sfl tfl dieu ehinh, lien quan din tinh hpp pbap va nghia vu dao dflc vl viec ddng nghiep ed tham quyen trong vile danh gid cdng viec ebuyin radn eua minh;
c:. Lien kit edng ddng, Uen quan din tam quan trpng efla hilp bdi nghi nghiep.
Tap ehi Khoa hpc Ndi vu I 101
( KINH NGHliM QU6C Ti ttt bao gdm td ehflc chinb thflc va ede nhdra ddng nghiep khdng ehinh thflc Idra ngudn y tfldng eho cdng viec;
Ngay tfl nam 1995, dfldi sfl tai trd cfla Chfnh pbu Indonesia, Kalbers dan Fogarty [5] da thfle hien rapt nghiin cflu Uln quan din tinh ehuyen nghiep eua kiem toan vien ndi bd va hieu suat lam vile cfla hp.
Ket qua nghiin cflu da ebflng minh rang chi cd bai khia canh ve tinh ebuyin nghiep eua kilm toan viln bin trong ndi bp td chfle ed moi tfldng quan tieh eflc vdi bieu suat edng vile (dd la Uen kit edng ddng va nbu cau tfl chu). Cde nghien cflu sau dd da de xuat vdi cdc nhd lap phap Indonesia dfla eae thang do nay vao flde Iflpng tinh ehuyin nghiep efla kiera sodt ndi bd trong bd may CQDP va da dflpc chap nhdn.
2.3. Qudn tri tot
Quan dilm vl quan tri tdt d Indonesia dfla trin quan die m eua To chfle Hdp tae va Phdt trien Kinh te (OECD), dd la qudn tri theo nguyen tac edng bang, gidi trinh, traeh nhiem (Agoes, 2004). Be cdc nguyen tac ndy dflp e dp dung hieu qua trong QTDP d Indonesua, Chfnh pbu da cd nhflng tai trp nghiin cflu d nhilu cd quan CQDP eae cap, tieu bieu nhfl Cd quan Kiem toan tdi cao. Cde biln do Ifldng lan Iflpt dflpc de xuat de xac dinb mfle dp minh bach, traeh nhiira vd sfl thara gia cfla edng ehflc.
De ed rad binh quan tri tot ehinh thfle, Chinb pbu Indonesia da khuyin khich cae nha khoa hpc danh gid tae ddng cfla nang Iflc td chfle bd may; tmh chuyen nghiep trong kiem soat bin trong eua td chfle
102 I Tap cbi Khoa hgc Ngi vu
va quan tri tdt tdi hieu suat QTDP. Nam 2007, Kurtz va Sebrank da thfle hien mdt nghiin cflu ve quan hi gifla sfl tang trfldng vd quan tri (dp dung ddi vdi QTDP). Cae biln sfl dung de do Ifldng gdm md hinh quan tri, bien phap vd cd ehe quan tri.
Nghien cflu ndy phat biln cd sfl lien kit gifla quan tri tdt, chat Iflpng efla bp may ehinh pbu va phdt trien ldnh tl. Kit qua efla nghien cflu da ebflng minh rang ede hdnh ddng lan quyin cfla cdng ehflc trung flpng ed van de, dan de n sai lech nhdn thflc, sfl nham lan trong vile quyet dinh cac chinh sdch kinh te d dia phfldng.
Trflde d d, nam 2004, Chinh phfl Indonesia da tdi trp eae nbd khoa hpc thflc hien mdt nghien cflu de dilu tra quan be gifla quan tri hieu qua cfla eae ed quan chinb phfl Indonesia (dae biet la trong Cd quan Kilm toan Thanh phd d Tdy lava) dl do Ifldng tae ddng eua cdc nang Iflc edng hien, tinh ddc lap trong giai quyet edng vile, sfl phuc vu ehuyen nghiep vd tfnh bao mat trong cdng viec cfla CQDP. Kit qua nghien cflu eho thay eae nhan td nay tde ddng tieh cfle den hieu suat quan tri cfla ehinh quyen cae cap eua thdnh phd nay Nhflng nghien cflu trin la ed sd de chinb pbu Indonesia quylt dinh eae ylu td thudc phara tru quan tri tdt la mpt trong nhflng nhdn td tao thanh md hmh hieu suat QTDP d Indonesia.
2.4. Hiiu sudt trdch nhiim cua td chdc CQDP cdc cdp
Nghien cflu hieu sudt trach nhilm efla td chfle CQDP ede edp d Indonesia, hai nhd nghiin cflu Cooper vd Ijiri (1984: 7) 15] eho rang, hieu suat boat dpng cua eo
\ \ V KINH NGHliM QU6C Ti \ quan quan ly nbd nfldc d Indonesia the
hien d mfle dp lam vile hit trdch nhiem cua dpi ngfl cdng chfle hay edn gpi la bieu suat traeh nhilm. Hieu sudt traeh nhiem eua cdc cO quan quan ly nhd nfldc thudc CQDP ede cap d qudc gia nay dflp e do Ifldng bang ede ehi sd bao cdo ddnh gia vl traeh nhiera gidi trinh efla eae td ehflc do ed quan thanh tra ban hanh. Ddnh gid hieu sudt trach nhiem cua ed quan quan ly nha nfldc thudc chfle CQDP eac cap thfle chat Id ddnh gia cae hoat dpng lien quan den vile thflc hiln edng tae quan ly hieu suat traeh nhilm cfla hp gdm cdng tae lap kl hoach bieu sudt, d o Ifldng bilu suat, bao eao bilu suat, gidm sdt va d anh gia hieu suat, hodn thanh hieu suat bao gdm viee dat dflpc edc mue tilu va rauc tieu eua to chfle.
Danh gid vai trd efla nhan td bieu suat trach nhiem cfla co quan qudn ly nhd nfldc dia phfldng d Indonesia, nhd nghien cflu All (2002) da chi ra mdi quan he gifla nang Iflc td chfle bd may va trdch nhiem thflc hiln nhiem vu cua edng ehflc. Tae gia nay eho rang, hieu suat lam vile cua dpi ngu edng ehflc d Indonesia dfla trin bp may td chfle kilm soat thflc thi traeh nhilm, qua dd nang Iflc vd dao dflc nghe nghiip cfla cdng ehflc lara tang trdch nhiem thfle hien efla bd may quan ly nha nfldc. Nghien cflu eua Soetjipto (2005) da dieu tra hieu sudt traeh nhiem eua td ehflc CQDP eae cap d qudc gia nay trong linb Vfle kilm toan. Tfnh edng khai, minh bach la eae bien do Ifldng dflpe nghien cflu sfl dung. Kit qua nghiin cflu cbo rang nang Iflc td chfle bd rady CQDP vd tinb chuyen nghiep efla dpi ngu edng chfle tde dpng
tich cfle din bieu sudt trdch nhiera cfla hp.
Van de ndy dfldc the hien bdi nang Iflc eua bd may CQDP, tinh ehuyin nghiep va y thflc phue vu nhdn dan efla dpi ngu cdng chfle, ndng Iflc kilm sodt ndi bd cd quan quan ly nbd nfldc.
3. Kinh nghiem doi vdi Viet Nam Nghien cflu edc nhdn td tde ddng din bieu qua QTDP d Indonesia cbo thay, de cdng chfle ldm bet traeh nhilm eua mmh trong edng vu, trflde hit Chinh phfl nfldc nay chfl trpng cdng tac eai each td ehflc bd mdy hdnh chfnh nha nfldc. Bdi vi bd may nha nfldc tinb gpn, bilu Ifle, bilu qua la CP sd de dpi ngu edng chfle dat tdi da hieu suat trach nhilm. Cf nfldc ta, edng tae eai cdch td ehflc bd may hdnh chfnh nbd nfldc da dflpc the ehl hda trong eae ludt nhfl Ludt Td chfle Chfnh phfl, Ludt Td ehflc CQDP; Ludt sfla ddi, bd sung rapt sd dieu efla Ludt Can bd, edng chfle vd Ludt Viln ehflc. Hien Qude bdi d ang nghien cflu dl sfla ddi nhflng ludt nay.
Viee nghien cflu sfla ddi edc ludt lan nay tap trung vao van dl tinh gpn bd may, day manh phan cap, phan quyen va ra soat lai chfle nang, nhiera vu, quyen ban eua rapt sd cP quan hdnh chfnh nbd nfldc. Tbeo ehung tdi, viec Qude hdi chfl trflpng sfla ddi pbap luat lien qua den td ehflc bd may nha nfldc tbeo hfldng nay la tat ylu de tiln tdi tinh gpn bd may nha nfldc, lam cho bp may nha nfldc ngay edng hieu Ifle, hieu qua.
Viee eai each bp may CQDP tinh gpn, hieu Iflc, hieu qua phai gan vdi xay dflng dpi ngfl edng ehflc cd kiln thflc, kinh nghiem va ky nang. Kiln thflc la dilu kiln Tap cbi Khoa hpc Ndi vu 103
I KINH NGHIEM QUOC TE ttt can, dieu kien dfl Id ky nang edng tde, la nhay cdra ddi vdi cdc van de kinh te - xa hdi, la y thfle va quyet tdm cai thien hieu suat edng vile trin tilu chuan ky thuat gidi quyet cdng viec, tilu chuan d^o dflc vd hanh vi efla edng ehflc. Hdi tu dfl dilu kien bd may nhd nfldc tinh gpn, hieu Iflc, bilu qua phai gan vdi xdy dflng dpi ngu cdng chfle cd kiln thfle, kinh nghiim vd ky nang giai quyet edng vile Id nen tang efla ed quan quan ly nhd nfldc trung thflc, hpp ly, can ddm, y thflc trach nhilm ddi cde quyet dinh banh chinh, eae ehinh sach phue vu nhan dan. Dd la no Ifle cfla Chinh phfl Indonesia. Thiet nghi, Viet Nam nen xem d dy la mpt hfldng tbam khdo trong eai each hanh chinh nha nfldc.
Viet Nam can nghiin cflu dl tflng bflde giao quyen tfl quylt cho CQDP. Thfl c t l eho thay, de giflp ehinh phfl Indonesia thflc bien thanb edng eae mue tieu quoe gia trong eai thien mfle sdng cua ngfldi ddn, Chinb phfl nfldc nay xde di nh xay dflng bd may hanh chfnh dia phfldng tinb, gpn, hieu qua va dao dflc cdng vu nhara ban chl cae rao can cfla nin cdng vu dia phfldng, la thdi gian giai quyet cdng viec cham, thilu minh bach, thieu trach nhilm va chu ddng. Cdi cdch td chfle bd may va khia canh the ehe cung nhfl nhflng van dl lien quan din dao dflc edng vu la cdng viec thfldng xuyen de nen hanh ehinh eua Indonesia thich flng vdi bdi canh todn eau hda, cai thien cO cmi quan lieu. Phan cap vd giao quyin tfl quylt cbo CQDP d qude gia nay da md ra kha nang eai cdch dieh vu cdng d Indonesia, nhflng dat nfldc nay van edn mdt chang dfldng dai lien quan den viee cd mdt dich vu ddn sfl chat Ifldng
104 I Tap ehi Khoa hgc Ngi vu
cao. Nhfl vdi bat ky cai each nao, sfl lanh dao manh me va quyet doan la rat quan trpng. Trong khi qudn tri tdt la mdt tru cdt trung tdm deddi phd vdi canh tranh trong mdt the gidi toan eau hda, Indonesia cung phdi thflc hien eai each cdng vu de deit dflpe rapt bp may trong sacb va hieu qud.
Can ehuyen nghiep hda boat dpng edng vu bang each thflc ndng cao ky nang cfla edng ehflc. Kinh nghiim eua Indonesia eho thay, ky nang thflc hiln cdng vile, td ehflc tdt cdng viec, ldm viec mdt each thdnh thuc, trdi chay va ky nang xdy dflng quy trinh cdng vile, tfle Id ky nang ehia thdnh eac phan vile nhd khdc nhau va dflpc sap xep tien banh tbeo trinh tfl can thilt nhat dinb efla cdng chfle lam viec trong bd may quan ly nha nfldc d dia phflpng rdt dflpc chfl trpng. Tfnh chuyin nghiep efla edng chfle dia phflpng edn ehiu tde dpng cua eae yeu td nhfl mdi trfldng lam viee, edeh thflc lanh dao, quan ly, thdi dd lam viec, tinh trang sflc khde, cbe dp ddi ngd, khen thfldng, xfl phat... De thfle hien dflde dieu nay can phai ed eae giai phap ddng bd:
Thd nhdt, hang nam phai tang cfldng bd sung, cap nbat kiln thfle ehuyen mdn mdi cho edng chfle dia phfldng de hp lam vile tdt bdn vi ddi sdng kinh te - xa hdi thay ddi liln tue, nhflng kiln thfle vl hanh ehinh, vl edng vu eung ludn thay ddi.
Hdn nfla, cbung ta dang sdng trong mdt thi gidi thay ddi nhanh, khoa hpc va edng ngbi gan vdi edng tae hdnh cbinb, dich vu edng phat trien khdng ngflng;
Thd hai, chfl trpng cdng tde boi dudng ky ndng eong vu. Vi ddi tflpng phue vu eua edng chfle dia phfldng chu yeu la ngiidi
\ \ \ KINH NGHliM QU6c TE { dan va doanh nghiip, nen ky nang cdng
vu cdn phai dfldc de cao. Ky nang edng vu bao gid cflng gan vdi quy trinh cdng vu. Do dd, can xdy dflng vd boan thien quy trinh lam viec. Ddy la phan viec quan trpng ed tinh ehdt quyet dinh trong xay dflng tinh ehuyen nghiep efla edng chfle dia phfldng.
De lam dflpc viec ndy, cae edng vile can dflde phdn tich, chia nhd va thiet kl theo mdt trinh tfl nhdt dinh dflde ehuan hda.
6 Indonesia, hieu qua QTDP gan lien vdi gia tri cua nin edng vu. Cae gia tri cdt loi cua nin edng vu dflde xac dinh gdm (1). Tinh hem ehinh, tfle la edng ehflc phai dat nghia vu eua cdng vu len tren ldi ich ca nhan; (2). Tinh trung thfle, nghia Id cdng chfle phai lam ehd dfla tin cay cfla nhdn dan; (3). Tfnh khdch quan, nghia la edng chfle giai quyet edng viee mpt each khach quan vd cdc quyet dinh dfldc dfla ra dfla vao sfl phdn tich chinb xdc nghiim tfle ede chflng cfl; (4). Tinh khdng thiin vi, tfle la cdng ehflc phuc vu nhdn ddn theo nang liie, vd tfl, khdng phdn bilt doi xfl. Cac gia tri cdt ldi nay cflng dflpe xem nhfl nguyln tac cd ban dl xdy dflng van hda edng vu. d nfldc ta, dl gdp phdn hinh thanh phong each flng xfl, 11 ldi ldm viee ehuan mfle efla dpi ngu edn bd, cdng chfle, vien chfle; dam bao tinh ehuyin nghiep, trach nhilm, nang ddng, minh bach, hieu qua trong boat ddng thflc thi nhilm vu, cdng vu; dap flng nhu cau phuc vu nhan ddn, xa bdi, Thfl tfldng Chinh phu da ed Quylt dinh sd 1847/QD-TTg ngdy 27/12/2018 phi duyet De dn Wn hda cdng. Tuy nhien, de an van chfla ldm ndi bat nhflng gia tri cot ldi cfla nen cdng vu Viet Nam. Do vdy, trong thdi gian tdi, nha nghien cflu, cde
nha quan ly can tilp tue nghien cflu Iam sau sac tbira ndi dung nay.
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New Delhi: Prentice ball of India 5. AU, F. (2002). Administrative Ethics and Professional Competence:
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