VE NHUING Ki NANG LANH OAO
CUA NHA QUAN U GIAO DUC TRONG THE Kl XXI
O TS. TRAN THj BICH UEU *
T
he kl XXI Id ki nguyen cua cdng nghe thdng giao tie'p vd hgp tdc, cd cdc hieu biet todn cdu. De tin vd truyen thdng (ICT). ICT dd tgo nen sy cd the giao tie'p vd hgp tdc con ngudi cdn cd cdc khde biet cua the ki XXI. Thdng tin trd thdnh gid trj dgo due cdn thie't.phuang tien chfnh cho sy phdt trien kinh te, giao Theo McVerry, Zawilinski vd O'Byrne (9/2009), tie'p vd gido dye (GD), ldm cho con ngudi tren de cd nhung cdng ddn nhu vdy, nhd trudng cdn todn cdu ket nd'i vdo nhau thdnh nhung td chuc dgy hgc sinh (HS) 5 nhdm ndng lyc ca bdn sou:
xd hdi Idn. Trudc thdng tin, tdt cd mgi ngudi deu 1) Sdng tgo: HS su dyng cdc KN tu duy phdn ki cd quyen binh ddng nhu nhau, tuy nhien, de binh de dua ra cdc cdu hdi vd cdc tu khda chfnh cho ddng, mdi ngudi cdn trang bj cho minh cdc kT viec tim kiem thdng tin tren mgng cua minh. Cdc ndng (KN) sd'ng trong xa hdi d d ; nhung KN tim em thyc hien cdc d y dn hgc tdp ddi hdi the hien kiem vd su dyng thdng tin md cdc nhd GD vd sy sdng tgo trong viec bdy td quan diem cua bdn chinh tri ggi Id KN the ki XXI . thdn; 2) Giao tiep: HS chia se nhung gi hgc dugc Nhung kie'n thuc vd KN cua cdng ddn the ki trong cdc nhdm nhd vd vdi todn Idp hgc, giao XXI dugc xdc dinh theo nhung cdch khde nhau tie'p vdi ddng ddo cdc ddc gid thdng qua viec nhung tyu trung Igi gdm: KN hgc tap sudt ddi, dua cdc thdng tin cua minh len cdc blog; 3) Hgp KN sdng tgo, cdc KN thong tin, truyen thdng vd fde: HS hgp tdc vdi nhau de sdng tgo kie'n thuc kT thugt, ndng lue sdn xudt kien thuc (ke\ qua cua thdng qua mgng vd cdc tuang tdc xd hdi tren tu duy sdng tgo, bie't phe phdn vd bie't su dyng mgng, ddnh gid Idn nhau su dyng cdc phuang thdng tin), ndng lue cgnh tranh vd hgp tde. Ben tien kT thudt vd qua cdc trao ddi dgng tin nhdn;
cgnh dd, cdc KN sdng vd KN nghe nghiep (khd 4) Tu duy phe phdn: HS lya chgn thdng tin, phdn ndng linh hogt vd thfch ung, ty qudn, cdc KN tfch, ddnh gid vd su dyng nhung thdng tin phu giao tie'p xd hdi vd giao tiep da vdn hda, trdch hgp vdi chu de dang hgc tdp; 5) Tdng hgp: Hgc nhiem xd hdi vd ldm viec cd ndng sudt, cdc KN cdc KN dgc tren mgng, nhu phdn biet bdn gdc Idnh dgo vd chju trdch nhiem dd'i vdi bdn than...) vd bdn dd qua bien tdp, dgc vd ddnh gid thdng ddng vai trd quan trgng dd'i vdi sy phdt trien vd tin tu nhung gdc do khde nhau.
thdnh cdng cua mdi ngudi. Con ngudi cdn cd De ddo tgo dugc nhung con ngudi nhu vqy cdc hieu bietve todn cdu, kinh doanh vd tdi chfnh; cdn cd mdt nen GD mdi vd nhung nhd GD mdi.
cd cdc gid trj dgo due ca bdn: trung thyc, that Nen GD mdi ndy dugc ggi Id nen GD kT thudt sd, thd, bie't thdng cdm, chia se, bie't tha thu, bie't a n , trong nen GD d d , HS, gido vien, cdc nhd qudn li hda binh, huu nghi, tinh yeu vd Idng kinh trgng. gido dye (QLGD) khdng the thieu nhdm KN ki
NhQng kien thuc, KN vd cdc gid trj dgo due thugt. Chdng cd If do gi de gido vien khdng co ndy hda quyen vdo nhau trong mgt con ngudi. Vf cdc KN ICT trong khi HS cua hg Id nhung ngudi dy, khi ndi ve KN hgc vd sdng tgo ngudi ta mudn thdnh thgo kT thudt vd cung chdng cd If do gi de ndi ve khd ndng cua con ngudi biet hgc tdp sudt cdc nhd qudn If (QL), Idnh dgo GD khdng cd cdc ddi vd su dyng thdng tin de sdng tgo, ddi hdi con KN ICT trong khi HS vd gido vien cua hg thdnh ngudi cdc ndng lyc tim kiem, phdn tich, x u If vd su thgo cdc KN ndy. Han nua, cdc ndng lyc vd KN dyng thdng tin mdt cdch cd hieu qud, bie't hgp tdc ICT cua Idnh dgo nhd trudng rdt quan trgng de de sdng tgo tdp the qua cdch mgng xd hgi. De tim tgo cdc ca hdi hgc tgp thdnh cdng cho HS trong kiem vd su dyng thdng tin, con ngudi cdn cd cdc
khd ndng tu duy phe phdn vd gidi quye't vdn de, * TrUdng Dai hoc Giao due - Dai hoc quoc gia Ha Npi
Tap chi Giao due s6 2 2 7 (ki i -12/2009)
nhd trudng. Nghien cuu cua Becta ICT research (8/2003) cho thd'y ndng luc Idnh dgo ICT dung hdng thu 2 sou ndng luc dgy hgc su dung ICT cua gido vien trong viec tgo cdc ca hdi hgc tgp ICT cho HS. Ca hdi hgc tdp ICT dugc djnh nghTa Id so lugng vd chdt lugng cdc ca hdi md mdt trudng cung cdp cho HS de cdc em phdt trien cdc kinh nghiem su dyng ICT. Ca hdi ICT td't Id nai ICT dugc su dyng cd hieu qud de ndng cao chd't lugng qud trinh vd dgt dugc cdc myc tieu hgc tgp cy the cua bdi hgc (xem bdng).
Bdng. Ndng luc ICT vd ede eo hpi ICT
Y§ut6
Ngu6n luc ICT Lanh dao nha trudng Lanh dao ICT Day hoc tong the Day hoc ICT
Neu yeu to nay khong dam bao thi CO bao nhieu truang cung cap
cac CO hpi hoc tap ICT t6t?
10%
23%
1%
12%
0%
Neu yeu to nay rat tot thi CO bao nhieu
trudng cung cap cac cd hpi hpe tap
ICT t6t?
62%
40%
74%
7 1 % 8 1 %
Sukhac biet giCfa
khong dam bao va rat tot
52%
17%
73%
59%
8 1 % Becta ICT research (8/2003)
Ben cgnh cdc KN Idnh dgo vd QL truyen thdng, cdc nhd QLGD the ki XXI nhd't thie't phdi cd cdc KN ICT. Cdc KN ICT dugc the hien trong td't cd cdc chuc ndng QL vd Idnh dgo. Cdc KN Idnh dgo truyen thdng dugc phdt trien dudi nhQng hinh thuc mdi, ddp ung cdc yeu cdu Idnh dgo GD trong nen GD kT thugt sd nhu: giao tiep su dyng cdc hinh thuc online, cdc phuang tien kT thudt hien dgi (mobi, email, chat, blog...), chi dgo dgy hgc online, ldp ke hogch vd QL cdc hogt dgng cua nhd trudng su dyng cdc phen mem QL tin hgc tu ghi danh HS den theo ddi qud trinh hgc tgp, ddnh gid HS thdng qua ede phdn mem tren mgng, thyc hien cdc hogt ddng marketing...
Ndm 2008, UNESCO ban hdnh chudn kT thugt cho gido vien a cdc nudc cd trinh do phdt trien kinh te - xd hgi khde nhau, d cdc muc: xda mu ICT, thdnh thgo ICT vd su dyng ICT de sdng tgo. Trudc UNESCO, tu nhung ndm 2000, cdc nudc phdt trien (Anh, MT, Australia, Canada...) dd ban hdnh chudn ICT eho gido vien, HS, vd cdc chudn ndy dugc cdi tien thudng ki de phu hgp vdi cdc yeu cdu mdi.
Chudn vd tieu ehi GD kT thugt qude gia eho cdc nhd qudn li GD do NETS cua MT (2009) dua ro nhu sou:
Tap chi Giao due so 2 2 7 (ki i -12/2009)
1. Ldnh dgo vd vien cdnh. Cdc nhd Idnh dgo GD khuyen khich vd Idnh dgo: qud trinh xdy dung vd thyc hien vien ednh ddi vdi viec su dyng kT thudt trong GD nhdm ho trg, thyc hien chd't lugng GD xud't sdc trong todn bd td chuc.
2. Vdn hda hgc tap thai dgi kT thugt sd. Cdc nhd QLGD xdy dung, khuyen khich vd duy tri vdn hda linh hogt cua thdi dgi hgc tgp kT thudt so nhdm tgo dieu kien hgc tgp cho td't cd cdc HS.
3. Xudt sdc frong viec thuc hdnh chuyen mon.
Cdc nhd QLGD xdy dyng mdi trudng cho viec phdt trien chuyen mdn vd sdng tgo, tgo quyen cho cdc nhd GD ndng cao thdnh tich hgc tgp cua HS bdng viec su d y n g nhung phuang tien kT thudt vd cdc ngudn lyc kT thudt so hien dgi nhdt.
4. Cdi fien cd he thdng. Cdc nhd QLGD ddm bdo sy QL vd Idnh dgo ddi vdi viec su dyng cd hieu qud ede phuang tien kT thudt so.
5. Cong ddn kT thugt sd. Cdc nhd QLGD ldm mdu hinh vd hd trg viec hieu cdc vd'n de dgo due, xd hdi vd phdp lugt lien quan de'n kT thugt, cdng nghe vd cdc trdch nhiem khi tham gia vdo mdi trudng vdn hda kT thudt sd.
Cung nhu mgi cdng ddn khde trong thdi dgi kT thudt sd, cdc nhd QLGD cdn cd ndng luc sdng tgo. Sdng tgo lien quan den KN dua ra cdc y tudng vd cdc sdn phdm mdi, chd't lugng cao. Vi sdng tgo dua ra cdc y tudng mdi md mgi ngudi phdi ldm theo nen nd Id mgt ndng luc quan trgng cua Idnh dgo. Ndng lyc sdng tgo ddi hdi khd ndng tu duy theo kieu mdi, vugt ra khdi khudn khd cua tu duy truyen thdng do kieu QL mdt chieu tu tren xudng. Nhd QLGD sdng tgo dua ra nhQng y tudng mdi vd chdp nhdn cdc y tudng mdi, khde biet vdi y tudng cua minh. Hg cd khd ndng hinh dung v i l n cdnh cua nhd trudng dya tren nhung hieu bietve cdc xu hudng GD, kinh te, xd hdi vd phdt trien khoa hgc kT thudt trong tuang lai, tim ra cdch di mdi de dgt dugc viSn cdnh dd.
NhQng ndng lyc ndy dugc Amin Senin (2009) phdt bieu cy the han nhu sou: dd Id ndng luc tri tue khoo hgc, khd ndng ggi nhd, nhdn biet, phdn tfch, ddnh gid vd binh ludn thdng tin. Ngudi Idnh (Xem tiep frang 12)
ca che de ede ca sd DN thyc hien cdng tdc ty kiem dinh chd't lugng D N .
5) Tdng cudng mdi quan he vdi cdc doanh nghiep de tgo dieu kien cho GV, cdn bd qudn li DN vd ngudi hgc nghe dugc tham quan, thyc hdnh, thuc tdp tgi cdc doanh nghiep gdp phdn ndng cao kT ndng nghe, kinh nghiem thyc re sdn xudt; phdi hgp chdt ehe giQa ca sd DN vd ede doanh nghiep trong viec xdy dyng ehuang trinh, gido trinh, kiem tra ddnh gid ke't qud hgc tdp cua HS, SV, tu vdn vd gidi thieu viec ldm cho HS,SV.
dj Md rpng quan he hgp fde qude fe trong viec nghien cuu phdt then D N , ddc biet Id kinh nghiem ve xdy d y n g tieu chudn chuyen mdn, nghiep vy eua G V ; tdng cudng trao ddi, hgc tdp kinh nghiem ve DT, bdi dudng GV D N , phuong phdp xdy dyng chuang trinh DT theo hudng dgt trinh dd khu vyc vd qude te;
cu GV DN tham gia hdi thi toy nghe cua GV DN do cdc nudc td chuc de hgc tdp kinh nghiem; xue tie'n viec cdng nhgn vdn bdng ehung chi DT nghe trong khu vyc vd the gidi.
7) Ndng eao chdt lugng eong tde HS, SV hge nghe
- Cdng tdc HS, SV phdi dugc coi Id mdt trong nhQng bien phdp dde biet quan trgng trong viec ndng cao chd't lugng D N .
- Tdng cudng phd bie'n cdc thdng t u , chi thj, ndi quy, quy ehe lien quan den DN den HS, SV; cy the hod cdc vdn bdn lien quan de'n HS, SV thdnh chuang trinh hdnh d d n g ; xdy d y n g nep sdng vdn hod trudng hgc nhdm tgo chuyen bien rd net ve chdt lugng GD-DT todn dien.
- Ddy mgnh phong trdo thi dua hgc td't;
khuyen khich HS, SV ndng cao khd ndng tu duy sdng tgo vd ndng lyc thye hdnh nghe;
tfch cyc tham gia hdi thi toy nghe cdc cdp.
- Cd bien phdp cy the, thie't thyc de hd trg HS, SV cd hodn cdnh ddc biet khd khdn vd thudc dien chfnh sdch; tiep tyc tuyen truyen, phd bien chinh sdch tin dung dd'i vdi
HS, sv.a
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Luat Giao due. NXB Chinh tri qudc gia. H. 2005.
2. Luat Day nghe. NXB Chinh tri qude gia. H. 2007.
3. Bo Lao dong - Ttiucmg binh va Xa hoi. "Bdo cdo ve viec ldm vd lao dong xudi khd'u ". H. 2008.
Ve nhung Id nang...
(Tiep theo trang 5)
dgo thdng minh su dyng cdc kien thuc vd kinh nghiem de tgo sy thay ddi cua bdn thdn, nhdm thfch nghi vdi mdi trudng vd thay ddi mdi trudng dd de tgo mgt mdi trudng ldm viec mdi.
Nhd QLGD the kl XXI su dyng cdc KN kT thugt de chi dgo vd qudn li nhd trudng the kl XXI: nhd trudng kT thudt sd vdi ddi ngu gido vien vd HS thdnh thgo cdc KN cdng nghe thdng tin, chi dgo chuang trinh hgc vd qud trinh dgy hgc dien ra trong mdi trudng kT thugt sd, thyc hien cdc chuc ndng QL thdng qua cdc phuong tien kT thudt. Trong the kl XXI, Idnh dgo GD phdi c6 ndng lyc sdng tgo de thay ddi bdn thdn minh vd thay ddi nhd trudng phu hgp vdi mdi trudng thay ddi nhanh chdng cua xd hdi cdng nghe thdng tin. Hg ed su hieu bie't vd tdm nhin todn edu, khdng chi cd cdc KN ICT nhu nhQng cdng ddn binh thudng khde md su dyng cdc KN ndy de Idnh dgo, QL vd sdng tgo.G Tai lieu tham khao
1. Andrew J. Rotherham - Daniel Willingham. 21st Century Skills: The Challenges Ahead. Educational Leadership. 2009.
2. Amin Senin. Creative leadership, creative in decision making. Blog: http://alamin99 wordpress.com. 2009.
3. Becta. Secondary Schools - ICT and Standards. An analysis of national data from Ofsted and QCA.
www.becta.org.uk. 2003.
4. Dirk Pilat. ICT and economic grouth: evidence from OECD countries, industries... books.google.com.au/
books. 2003.
5. ISTE (Intemational Society for Technology in Education).
National Educational Technology Standards for administrators. Google Books Result, www.iste.org. 2009.
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