DIEN DAN
CAN CAN NHAC VA CHAN CHINH Viec cho doanh nghiep nirdc ngoai
thue mat nudc bien
O NGUYEN VU THANH
Mat bien la tai san ehung, la chil quyen cua tat ea ngudi dan Viet Nam, viee cho thue mat bien can phai ed su dong thuan eiia xa hdi VI viec dd cd the anh hudng den an ninh quoe phdng, mdi trudng sinh thai. The ma, tai mdt so dia phuang, viec eho thue mat bien dien ra dudng nhu mdt chieu.
Theo y muon chu quan, thuan tuy vi muc dich kinh te ma khdng nhin dugc het nhdng van de xa hdi, mdi trudng, su nhay cam...
S
au khi cd Quylt djnh Sd 123 cCia Chfnh phu nam 2006 v l viec giao quyin sQ dung mat nudc cho ngudi nudi trdng va khai thac thu^ san, vdi dd'i tupng la ngu dan thi nganh Thuy san (luc dd la Bp Thu^ san, nay la Bp Ndng nghiep va Phat trien Ndng thdn) da cho tiln hanh thQ d mpt sd dja phuang nhu:Quang Ninh, Khanh Hoa, Binh Thuan, Kien Giang... Muc dfch cija md hinh nay hudng tdi la khi giao mat nude bien, ngu dan ed chij quyin v l dien tfch dupe giao de yen tam diu tu san xuat. Odng thdi, hp eung dupe thue dien tfch mat nudc va dupe t h i chap, vay vdn ngan hang phat trien san xuat, duge bdi thudng nlu xay ra tranh chap. Sd dd tren bien khi ay thgc sg se la "sd vang" cung cd
nhQng quyen Igi tUdng tg nhu sd dd tren dat lien.
Tuy nhien, ngay khi ban hanh quylt djnh nay, nhilu nganh da cho rang rat khd kha thi. Vi mpt vung bien khdng phai la dd'i tugng sQ dung eua rieng nganh Thu^y- san, va cung khdng phai ehf cd ngu dan la ngudi hudng lgi, ma ban chat eua he thd'ng tai nguyen bien- ven bien nay la dd'i tugng sQ dung cua nhilu nganh, cae nganh va ngudi hudng dung khae nhau se eung khai thae du Ijch, bao tdn, thu;y' san, giao thdng dudng bien,... Mat bie'n, hai dao hay ndi rpng ra la khdng gian bien, dd la nhQng he thdng tai nguyen chia se, nhilu nganh khai thac ma ehf giao
eho mpt nganh, mpt dd'i tugng sQ dung la khd kha thi.
Hai dja phudng diu tien thuc hien viec giao mat nudc bien eho dan la Quang Ninh va Khanh Hda. Cung xuat phat tQ chu trudng nay ma hai dja phudng tren da cho cac doanh nghiep nude ngoai thue dien tieh mat nude biln. Cu the, tai huyen Van Ddn, Quang Ninh, cd tdi 19 dg an nudi trdng thijy san, dg an it cung vai ha, nhilu nhu Cty TNHH Viet My nudi trdng thuy san d xa Quan Lan 506 ha, Cty TNHH Bach Oang nudi tdm cdng nghiep d xa Btnh Dan 237 ha, dg an cua Cty ToDi d xa Oai Xuyen 569 ha, dg an nudi ngpc trai cua Cty TNHH Taiheyo Shinju d xa Ban Sen Odng r l 4 | Tdi nguyen v d Mdi trudng | Kjf 2-Thang 10/2010
Xa 30 ha... Hay cd din 1.000 ha mat biln d Van Ninh, Khanh Hda dupe giao cho eac doanh nghiep nudc ngoai thue de nudi trai lay ngpc, nudi ea... Doanh nghiep thue dien tfch idn nhat, lau nam nhat la Cdng ty TNHH Ngpc Trai Nha Trang cija Oai Loan vdi 442ha. Ngoai ra, cdn cd nhQng doanh nghiep nudc ngoai khac nhu Cdng ty Ngpc Trai Viet Nam (Nhat Ban) thue 300ha; Cdng ty Ngpc Trai Nha Trang (Nhat Ban) 130ha; Cdng ty Marifarm (Na Uy) 136ha... d l nudi ngpc trai, ca Idng... Trong khi nhu eiu cua ngudi dan ban dja mudn dupe thue mat biln de nudi trdng thuy san thi cac cap ehfnh quyin sd tai lai qua dan do, can nhac.
Ngoai ra, cac bai tam dep ven bien d Da Nang, Quang Nam, Ninh Thuan, Phu Qud'c cung da va dang dugc giao cho cac nha dau tu trong va ngoai nude tg khoanh vung hoac thue dai han, td'i da la 20 nam. Nhilu doan bd bien nay da trd thanh bat kha xam pham khdng ehf ddi vdi du khaeh va ngay ca chfnh nhQng CQ dan sd tai.
Thgc t l tai mpt sd dja phQOng tren, khi dQgc hdi ngu dan dja phuang cd y lo ngai rang, chuyen eho doanh nghiep, nhat la doanh nghiep nudc ngoai thue mat bien, mat bai vdi dien tfch rat rdng, de bi trung lan vdi nhQng vung danh bit, khai thac quen thupc cija hp. Nay doanh nghiep vao diu tu, ngQ dan khdng dupe phep ben mang vao khu vgc dd de tim kilm ngudn Igi thijy san nhu nhQng gi ma cu, ky, dng, cha hp da lam. Nlu viec cho thue khdng dugc chan ehfnh trong thdi gian tdi, cd khi ngQ dan phai di lam thue tren ehinh mat bien que hQdng hp.
Hien nay, mat dp dan sd nQde ta
d cdc vCing ven biln rat ddng nen phan nhilu da bj khai thac qua mQc.
Do dd, viec cho nQdc ngoai vao thue mat bien se cang gay cang thing, mat an ninh. Rd rang, khi thud dugc rdi, cac dng chQ nudc ngoai se ngan lai. lam mat quyen giao thdng, mat quyen khai thac tai vung bien que hudng cOa ngudi dan la le duong nhien. Ben canh dd, viec thue mat bien de kinh doanh quy md Idn cd the gay nhQng tac dpng khdn ludng ve mdi trudng.
Viec cho thue mat bien de kinh doanh la viec iam nen can nhac. Nlu chf de thu mdt so tien ft di tQ viec cho thue mat biln ma lam mat chu quyen ca mpt vung bien rpng ldn thi dung la mpt viec khdng dang lam. Nlu khdng suy xet can trpng, chae chan dia phuong dd se phai tra gia dat trong hien tai va tuong tai. Neu thue de lam bao tdn hai duong thi cd the ndn khuyin khfch nhung de nudi trdng thi phai xem lai, boi sdm mupn se tab sQc ep rat Idn cho mdi trudng bien.
Theo PGS.TS Nguyin Chu Hdi, Phd Tdng cue Bien va Hal dao Viet Nam: Nudc ta van dang cd thdi quen khai thac nhQng thQ thd so. chQ chua nghT den vide khai thac cac gia trj djch vu cOa bien de cd cua an, cua de.
Dilu vQa ndi cung cd nghTa ta quy hoach sQ dung biln, hai dao phai di trudc mpt budc d l sQ dung bien dat muc tidu: da nganh, da muc dich. da Igi ich.
Mudn giao va cho thue, trudc hot phai tien hanh phan vung chQc nang vQng biln, ven biln. hai dao d l xae djnh cac mang khdng gian. giOp dinh hudng cho quy hoach khai thac va su dung bien, hai dao tren pham vi toan qud'c va cho tQng vung biln. Trdn dat
liln da cd quy hoach sQ dung dat thi dudi biln cung phai cd quy hoach sQ dung bien, hai dao. Trong dd, tfnh toan phuong an sQ dung td'i uu, bao nhieu dien tich giao eho nganh thu^
san, cho du Ijch, eho giao thdng,...va duong nhien tat ea phai bd tri sao cho khdng anh hudng din mdi trudng va tai nguyen dung lau dai.
Tren cd sd "quy" khdng gian bien dugc xae djnh nhu vay thi mdi tiln hanh phan bd va giao cho eac nganh, cac dja phuong dien tfch cu the (gdm mat nudc biln, khdi nudc bien, be mat day bien va Idng dat dudi day bien). Cac nganh, dja phudng thge thi cac chfnh sach khuyin khfch cua nganh trong pham vi khdng gian dugc phan bd. Cd thi thi viee sQ dung bie'n dao mdi thanh cdng, bai ban va can
CO.
Chf sd tfnh bin vQng eua mdt vung bien, mpt he thd'ng tai nguyen biln phai dga tren nhieu ylu td nhu hieu qua kinh t l , hieu qua xa hpi va hieu qua mdi trudng mdi ra dugc. Ve nguyen tie, viec khai thac, sQ dung, phat trien kinh t l bao gid eung gay tdn thuang din mdi trudng, ehf it hay nhilu ma thdi. Nlu qua uu tien phat trien, tham vpng phat trien bing mpi gia thi mdi trudng phai hdng, ma nd lai la nin tang cija sg tdn vong cua chfnh chung ta va anh hudng din t h i he eon chau.
Hien nay, Td'ng cue Bie'n va Hai dao dang phd'i hgp vdi eac bd, nganh, dja phuong va hpc hdi ca kinh nghiem qud'c t l de soan thao Luat Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng bien, trong dd ed de cap din viec cap phep va thu hdi giay phep sQ dung va khai thac bien, hai dao, thao luan viee cho thue thi phf t h i nao, thui ra sao, tha'm quyen?...•
Tdi nguyen vd Mdi trudng | Kif 2 - Thang 10/2010
