Quan diem cua C.Mac ve nha nuo'c,
giai cap, dan toe va su van dung 6* Viet Nam
Nguyen Dinh Tirdug^
' Vien Triet hpc, Vi?n Han lam Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam.
Email: [email protected]
Nhan ngay 22 thtog 7 nam 2018. Chip nhgn dang ngiy 22 thang 8 nim 2018.
Tom tat: Quan diem ciia C.Mac ve nha nuac, giai cap va dan tpc la mot trong nhung npi dung quan trpng nhit va ciing la ddng gop to Idn cua C.Mac trong ITnh vuc triet hpc. C.Mac da chi ra ban chat ciia nha nude, sir chuyen hoa giiia c6c hinh thai ton tai ciia nha nude, moi quan he giiia giai cap va dan tpc, giiia dau tranh giai cap va dau tranh dan tpc. Dang Cpng san Viet Nam da va dang van dung quan diem nay cua C.Mae trong qua trinh xay dung nha nude phap quyen xa hpi chu nghTa d Viet Nam.
Tir khoa: C.Mac, nha nude, giai cap, dan tpc, chu nghia x5 hdi.
Phan loai nganh: Triet hpc
Abstract: K.Marx's view on the state, class and nation is among his most important contributions in the field of philosophy. K.Marx pointed out the nature of the state, the transformation among forms of existence of die state, the relationship between class and nation, and between class stmggle and national struggle. The Communist Party of Vietnam has been applying that view of K.Marx in the process of building a socialist rale-of-Iaw state in the country.
Keywords: K.Marx, state, class, nation, socialism.
Subject classiflcation: Philosophy
1. Md* d a u C.Mac, ciing nhu tinh nhan van sau s i c cua dng. Ly luan vd gia tri thang du va chu Hgc thuyet C.Mac bao gdm ba bd phan c i u nghia duy vat lich su la hai thanh tuu quan thanh: triet hgc, kinh te chinh tri hgc va chu trgng nhat cua C.Mac. Ddng thdi, trong ITnh nghia xa hgi khoa hgc. Mdi Imh vue tren vuc triet hgc, C M a c da tao nen dugc mgt deu thd hien syr uydn bae, thien tai cua cude each mang vd mat li luan so vdi tridt
Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam, so 11-2018 hgc tiTjrdc dd. Bai vidt hinh bay nhiing hi tudng ciia C.Mac vl nha nude, giai cap, dan tde, su van dung cua Dang Cdng san Viet Nam ddi vdi quan didm dd eiia C.Mac.
2. Quan diem ciia C.Mac ve nha nirdc C.Mae da tdng kdt kinh nghiem cua cac cudc each mang tu san va phat trien mgt loat vin dd quan trgng eua ehii nghia duy vat lich su trong cac tac pham: "He tu tudng Diie", "Tuyen ngdn eiia Dang Cdng san" (van kipn cd tinh chit euang ITnh ehinh tri diu tien eiia phong trao cdng san va cdng nhan qudc td), "Diu tranh giai cip d Phap", "Ngay mudi tam thang suong mil eua Lui Bdnapac", "Phe phan euang ITnh Gdta".
Khi dd cap ddn vin de ban chat cua nha nude, V.I.Lenin eho rang: "Theo Mac, nha nude la mgt ca quan thdng tri giai cap, la mgt CCT quan ap birc cua mdt giai cap nay ddi vdi mdt giai cap khac; dd la su kidn lap mdt "trat tu", trat tu nay hgp phap hoa va cung cd su dp biie kia bang each lam diu xung dot giai cap" [2, t.33, tr.lO].
Nha nude la td chire chinh tri ciia giai cip thdng tri vd kinh te nham bao vd trat tu hidn tdn va tran ap su phan khang ciia cac giai cap khac. Ddng thdi, nhd cd nha nude, giai cap thdng tri ve kinh td ciing trd thanh giai cap thdng tri ve ITnh vue ehinh tri, va qua bd may nha nude, giai cap thdng tri cd thdm cdng cy dd tran ap va bdc lot giai cap bi ap biic. Dd nhan manh ban chat eua nha nude, C.Mac cho rang: "Nha nude chang qua ehi la mdt bd may ciia mgt giai cap nay diing dd tran ap mdt giai cip khae"
[3, t.22, tr.290-291]. Thuc te eho thiy, dii dugc che giau dudi hinh thiic tinh vi thi
nha nude trong mgi xa hgi cd tinh chat ddi khang ciing deu la edng eu bao vd lgi ich eua giai cap &dng tri, ddu la bd may tran ap ciia giai cap thdng tri ddi vdi giai cap bj tri. C.Mac khing dinh: "Dieu dd, trong che do cgng hoa dan chii ciing hoan toan gidng nhu trong chd do quan chu" [3, t.22, tr.291]. Day 1^ ban chit ciia nha nude theo diing nguydn nghTa (nhi nude eua giai cip bdc lot).
Trong tae phim "Tuydn ngon cua Dang Cdng san", C.Mac va Ph.Angghen cho ring, mye dich diu tien cua Dang Cgng san la td chixc nhirng ngudi vd san thanh giai cip, lat dd su thong tri cua giai cip til san, gianh chinh quydn vd tay giai cip vo san;
muc dich cudi cung cua Dang Cdng san la xay dung thanh cdng chu nghta cgng san.
Mac dil ti-ong tae phim nay, C.Mdc va Ph.Angghen chua dimg khai nidm "chuyen chinh vd san", nhung nhiing tu tudng chu ydu nhit cua chuyen chinh vd san da dugc hinh thanh ma sau nay hai dng va V.I.Ldniii da tidp tuc phat tridn thanh hgc thuydt ve xay dung chinh quyen cua giai cap vd sin.
Trong nhiing nam 1848-1871, C.Mac da phat tridn chii nghTa duy v^t lich sir tren ca sd khai quat vl mat li lugn kinh nghiem ciia cac cugc each mang trude dd, ddng thdi gSn lidn vdi vide nghien curu ve mat kinh te eiia quy luat hinh thanh, phat tridn va tidu vong cua chl do tu ban chu nghTa. Nhung su kien each mang 1848-1849 da chumg td ring, cude dau tranh cua giai cap tu san chdng che do phong kidn da din tdi chd thiet lap ehuyen ehinh eua giai cap tu san, cdn cupc dau tranh giai phdng ciia giai cap vd san tat yeu phai dan den chuyen chinh eua giai cap vd san.
Van de chinh quyen nha nude la ndi dung chii yeu cua mgi cugc each mang.
Nguydn Binh Tudng Trong thdi ky trudc each mang, C.Mac xac
dinh rang phai xoa bd nen chuyen chinh cua giai cap tu san va can thidt phai thidt lap chuyen chinh eua giai cip vd san. Nhimg trong thdi ky do, C.Mac vin chua dat ra vin de la lam the nao dd nha nude tu san thay the bing nha nude vd san. Tren eo sd kinh nghiem each mang ciia nhung nam 1848- 1851, C.Mac cho rang, giai cap vd san khdng thi chi don gian gianh liy chinh quyen nha nude de thiet lap syr thdng tri cua minh, ma nd phai dap tan bd may nha nude tu san, thidt lap chuyen chinh cua giai cip vd san. Trong tae pham "Nha nude va each mang", V.I.Lenin cho ring, tu tudng dap tan bd may nha nude tu san la ndi dung ca ban Clia hgc thuyet cua C.Mac vd nha nude.
Tu tudng dd la su phat trien han nua va ey thd hoa khai nidm chuyen chinh cua giai cap vd san.
C.Mac da phat trien va hoan thien ehu nghTa duy vat lich sii ndi ehung, khai niem chuyen ehinh vd san ndi rieng trong thdi ky sau Cdng xa Pari nSm 1871. Cdng xa Pari da lat dd su thdng tri ehinh tri ciia giai cap tu san va lan dau tidn trong lich sir the gidi thidt lap ndn chuydn chinh ciia giai cap vd san. Su tat yeu ciia chuyen chinh vd san da dugc C.Mac chiing minh mdt each khoa hgc.
Trong tac pham "Ngi chien d Phap", C.Mac da tdng kdt vd lich sti ciia Cdng xa Pari va dua ra nhiing ket luan quan trgng ma ong chua nit ra dugc trdn co sd kinh nghiem each mang 1848. CMac cho ring, can thiet phai xay dung hinh thiic nha nude dac thil cua chuydn chinh vd san ma kieu mau la Cdng xa Pari; ehi dap tan, tidu diet bd may quan lidu quan su cua nha nude tu san thi chua du, ma can phai xay dung nen mdt bd may nha nude mdi khac vd chit vdi
bg may dd, phu hgp vdi ban chat giai cap va nhiem vy ciia each mang vd san.
Trong thdi ky phat trien va hoan thien chil nghia duy vat lich sir, C.Mac khing dinh rang, giai cap cdng nhan va nhan dan lao ddng mudn xda bd tinh trang ngudi bdc lot ngudi, thi tnrdc het phai gianh dugc ehinh quydn, thuc hipn chuyen chinh ciia giai cap cdng nhan. C.Mac da nhan mgnh:
"Giiia xS hdi tu ban chii nghTa va xS hdi cdng san ehii nghTa la mgt thdi ky cai bien each mang tii xa hdi ng sang xa hdi kia.
Thich ling vdi thdi ky ay la mgt thdi ky qua do chinh tri, va nha nude cua thdi ky iy khdng the la eai gi khac hon la ndn chuydn ehinh each mang ciia giai cap vd san"
[3, t.l9, tr.47]. C.Mae khdng ehi phe phan euang ITnh co hgi chii nghia, ma dng cdn phat trien tu tudng cua minh ve chuydn chinh vd san, chii nghta xa hgi va chu nghia edng san. Thuc te eho thay, nha nude chuydn chinh vd san cd thd tdn tai dudi cae hinh thire khac nhau. Cdng xa Pari nam 1871 da hinh thanh ndn nha nude ehuyen ehinh vd san kieu Cdng xa. Xd vidt eiing la hinh thiic cua chuydn chinh vd san.
V.I.Lenin cho rang, nen Cgng hoa Xd-viet la hinh thiie duy nhat cd kha nang thuc hien cudc chuyen bien tir chd do tu ban ldn ehl do xa hgi ehu nghTa.
C.Mac eho rang, chuyen chinh vd san la kidu nha nude phu hgp vdi thdi ky qua do tir chii nghTa tu ban len chii nghia xa hgi.
Nd duge xac lap sau khi giai cip vd san tiln hanh each mang xoa bd nha nude ciia giai cip tu san va se tir tidu vong khi xay dung thanh cdng xa hgi cgng san ehii nghia. Ndi vd hgc thuydt chuydn ehinh vd san ciia C.Mae, V.I.Lenin eho rang: "Chi nhfing ngudi da hidu ring ehuyen chinh eua mgt giai cap la tat yeu khdng nhung cho mgi xa
Khoa hgc xa hpi Viet Nam, s6 11 - 2018 hdi cd giai cip ndi chung, khdng nhirng cho giai cip vd san sau khi lat dd giai cap tu san; ma con eho sudt ca thdi ky lich sii tii ehl do tu ban ehu nghia din xa hdi khdng CO giai cip, ddn chd do cgng san chii nghTa, ehi nhijng ngudi do mdi tham nhuan dugc thuc chit eiia hge thuyet ciia Mac vd nha nude" [1, t.33, ti-.44]. Theo C.Mac, chuyen chinh vd san la kidu nha nude khdng ehi cd chiic nSng trin ap, bao lue ddi vdi su phan khang eiia giai cip bdc lot, ma chii ydu la td ehiic, xay dung xa hdi xa hgi chu nghTa (XHCN) va edng san ehu nghTa. Vdi y nghTa nhu vay, nha nude chuydn chinh vd san la su thdng ti-i chinh tri cua giai cip cdng nhan, do each mang vd san tao ra va cd sii menh xay dirag thanh cdng chii nghia xa hdi (CNXH).
3. Quan didm cua CMdc ve giai cap va dan tgc
Chii nghta Mac la hge thuyet vd su nghidp giai phdng giai cip cdng nhan va la qua trinh giai phdng toan nhan loai khdi mgi hinh thirc ap biic bdc lot ndi chung va ap biic dan tgc ndi rieng. Luc lugng thuc hidn sii menh vi dai do, C.Mac cho rang khdng ai khac ngoai giai cip vd san. Ciing vdi Ph.Angghen, C.Mac da di sau phan tich su hinh thanh va phat trien ciia giai cap vd san gan chat vdi giai cap tu san. Theo C.Mac: "Trong tat ca cac giai cap hien nay ddi lap vdi giai cap tu san thi chi cd giai cap vd san la giai cap thuc su each mang" [4, t.4, tr.610]. Giai cap vd san thuc hien nhiem vu xoa bd toan didn xa hdi eu, xay dung thanh cdng xa hgi mai; giai cap vd san la giai cap cd td chiic va ngay cang cd dieu kien trd thanh mgt giai cap doe lap, giai cap vd san cd ban chat qudc td, la giai cap tien tien.
Trong cac tae phim eua minh, C.Mae cung khing dinh mdi quan he hiiu CCT giua giai cip va dan tde. Trong cudc dau tranh ehdng phai Pruddng (la phai phu nhan y nghta cua phong trao giai phdng dan tdc), C.Mac da neu len nhiing luan didm ve van dl dan tde, chi ro CCT sd khach quan cua phong ti-ao giai phdng dan tdc. Ong da chiing mmh tinh tit ydu lich sii va tinh ehit tidn bd cua quyen tu quyet cua eac dan tgc, kidn quyet ung hg su thdng nhat dan tdc eua cae nha nude tren ca sd thu tidu nen quan chu phong kidn.
CMac bdc trin tinh chit vd chmh phii tidu tu san trong cuong linh "lidn minh" ciia Bacunui. CMac cho rang, cuong Itnh do chi la su san bang eac giai cap. Theo C.Mac, san bing cac giai cap la mgt dieu khdng thi thuc hidn dugc trong thue te, ngugc lai la phai tieu diet cac giai cap. Do la bi mat that su ciia phong trao vd san, bi mat dd la mue dich vt dai eua qudc td thii nhit (1848-1872). C.Mae cimg kien quylt chdng lai Latxan va tat ca nhirng ai coi ndng dan la quan chiing phan ddng thii dich vdi cudc dau tranh giai phdng cua giai cap vd san. Ong cho rang dang cua nhiing ngudi cgng san phai di tir thanh thi vd ndng thdn va phai tranh thu su ung hg cua quan chiing ndng dSn lao dgng.
Chu nghta Mac khing dinh ring, ap biic giai cap la nguyen nhan co ban, sau xa cua ap bice dan tdc; hien tugng dSn tgc nay thdng tri, ap biie dan tdc khac trong lich sir vd thuc chat la giai cap thdng tri cua dan tde nay ap biic bdc lot dan tgc khac; nhan dan lao ddng la bd phan bi ap biic bdc lot nang nl nhat. Trong thdi dai tu ban chii nghta, dac biet la giai doan diu chii nghTa tu ban thi ap birc giai cap la ngudn gdc chu yeu ciia su ap biic dan tdc. Theo C.Mac, chii
Nguyin Dinh Tuong nghTa tu ban viia mdi gianh dugc quyen
thdng tii Of Chau Au thi da lap tiic xam lin khap toan cau. Nd phai xam nhap vao khip noi, try lai a khap noi va thidt lap nhung mdi lien he d khap noi [5, t.4, tr.601].
C.Mac ciing rat coi trgng vai trd cita nhan td dan tgc trong su phat tridn lich su.
Van dd dan tgc la mgt trong nhiing ngi dung quan trgng nhit cua each mang vd san. Tu tudng eiia C.Mac vd mdi quan he bien ehiing giira giai cap va dan tgc eiing la ca sd H luan de nhgn thirc va giai quydt diing dan van dd dan tgc. C.Mac cho rang, cugc dau tranh eiia giai cap cong nhan ve ban chat la mang tinh chit qude te, cudc dau tranh cua giai cap cdng nhan ciing mang tinh chat dan tdc, dan tdc la dia ban true tidp cua cude dau tranh eua giai cap cdng nhan. Theo C.Mac: "Giai cip vd san mdi nude trudc het phai gianh liy ehinh quydn, phai tu vuan ldn thanh giai cip dan tgc, phai tu minh trd thanh dan tgc"
[5, t.4, tr.623-624].
Khi de cap ddn mdi quan he bidn chiing giiia giai cap va dan tdc, C.Mac nhin manh rang, neu nhu ap biic giai cap la nguyen nhan sau xa cua ap biic dan tdc thi ngugc lai, ap lie dan tde lai tac dgng to ldn trd Iai ddi vdi ap biic giai cap. Tir giua thd ky XIX, C.Mac da lap luan rang, nude Anh thdng tri dat nude Aixolen khdng nhung khdng lam giam bdt ach ap biic giai cap d Anh, ma edn Iam cho nd ngay eang tram trgng them. Tii dd, dng da di den kdt luan rang mdt dan tdc di ap biic dan tde khae, thi dan tdc dd nhat dinh se khdng thd cd tu do.
Quan diem eua C.Mac vl mdi quan he giira giai cap va dan tdc ndi chung, giiia diu tranh giai cap va dau tranh dan tgc noi ridng la mdi quan he bidn ehiing. Diu hranh giai cap tac dgng den dau tranh dan tgc va
ngugc lai. Khi dan tdc cdn ehua duge dde lap thdng nhat, giai cap nao mudn trd thanh
"giai cap dan tgc" thi nd se phai thuc hien cudc each mang giai phdng dan tde gianh dgc lap, thdng nhat cho dan tdc, qudc gia.
4. Sy van dung cua Dang Cong san Viet Nam doi vol quan diem cua C.Mac ve nha nvdc
Van dung chu nghTa Mac-Ldnin, dac bidt la tu tudng eua CMac vd nha nude va cac hinh thirc ciia nd, trong dd cd nha nude dan cho nhan dan, Hd Chi Minh va Dang Cdng san Viet Nam da tien hanh xay dung nha nude dan chu nhan dan va nha nude phap quydn XHCN trong qua tiinh diu tranh each mang va dinh hudng di ldn CNXH.
Quan diem ciia Ho Chi Minh vd ba giai doan trdn con dudng phat tridn cua each mang Viet Nam dugc thd hidn ro net va sau sac trong he thdng tu tudng cua Ngudi. Dd la quan diem ve giai phdng dan tgc, xay dung nha nude dan chu nhSn dan, tiln len CNXH. Trong dd, nha nude dan ehu nhan dan la giai doan phu dinh tridt dd nhiing tan du eua chd do thye dan, phong kien, ddng thdi dd eung la giai doan khing dinh nhim xac lap nhirng co so, ndn tang eho ehl do xa hdi mdi d trinh do phat tridn cao hon la chu nghTa xa hgi. Nhu vay, nha nude dan ehu nhan dan la mgt giai doan tit ydu va hdt siic quan trgng tren con dudng phat tridn xa hdi Viet Nam.
Giai doan tiJ 1945 din 1954: Cach mang thang Tam nam 1945 thanh edng, Nha nude Viet Nam dan chu cdng hoa ra ddi; dieu dd danh diu su hinh thanh d Viet Nam mgt he thdng chinh tii dan ehu nhan dan. Trong he thdng nay, nha nude dan chii nhan dan thi
Khoa hpc xahoi Viet Nam, so 11 -2018 hien la edng bdc ciia nhan dan, coi dan \h chil va dan lam, chu, can bd sdng va lam viec cin, kidm, liem, ehinh, ehi cdng vd tu.
Giai doan til 1955 din 1975: khi giai cip cdng nhan gifl: vai tro lanh dao each mang, thi thing lgi ciia each mang dan tdc dan chu nhan dan cung la su bat dau ciia each mang XHCN. Nha nude dan chii nhan dan budc vao thdi ky thue hien nhiem vy lich sir cua chuydn ehinh vd san d mien Bac. Co sd li luan cho su hinh thanh he thdng chuydn chinh vd san nay la If luan cua chii nghTa Mae - Lenin ve thdi ky qua do, vd chuyen chinh vd san.
Giai dogn tii 1976 ddn 1985: he thdng chuyen chinh dan chu nhan dan lam nhiem vy lieh sir eua chuydn ehinh vd san. NhOng ngi dung cua he thong ehuyen chinh vd san la xac lap quydn lam chu ciia nhan dan (dugc the che hoa bing phap luat va td chiic). Dong thdi, nha nude trong thdi ky qua do la nha nude chuyen chinh vd san thuc hien ehe do dan chii xa hgi chii nghta, la mpt td churc thue hidn quyen lam chit tap thd Clia giai cap cdng nhdn va nhan d^n lao dgng, mdt td chiic, ma thdng qua do. Dang Cdng san lanh dgo qua trinh phat tridn cua xa hdi.
Giai dogn tir nam 1986 den nay; Dang Cgng san Viet Nam thue hidn dudng loi xay dung he thdng ehinh tri thdi ky ddi mdi. Mgt trong nhung ngi dung quan trgng nhat cua su ddi mdi nay la xay dung Nha nude phap quydn XHCN.
Cung vdi qua trinh xay dung nha nude phap quydn XHCN, Dang Cdng san Vidt Nam eiuig cd su thay ddi sang tao dd phu hgp vdi bdi canh xa hdi Viet Nam trong giai dogn n^y. Dd la su thay ddi tix khai niem he thdng chuyen chinh vd san sang khai niem he thdng chinh tri (tii nam 1989 den nay).
Ly lugn ve nha nude phap quyen XHCN dugc hinh thanh tir nhu ciu thuc tidn ciia qua trinh ddi mdi d Viet Nam trong qua trinh chuyen ddi nen kinh tl ke hoach tgp trung sang md hinh td chirc kinh td thi trudng dinh hudng XHCN. Day la s\r ddi hdi tit yeu khach quan vd vai tro ciia nha nude trong sir nghidp bao vd Td qude va xay dyng CNXH. Trdn ca sd kd thira nhiing gia tri tu tudng ve nha nude ehuydn ehinh vd san eiia chii nghta Mae, ly lugn ve phap quydn tu san cua cac nha tu tudng phuang Tay va tu tuong Hd Chi Minh, Dang Cgng san Viet Nam da neu len nhirng ngi dung chil ylu cua nha nuac phap quydn XHCN Viet Nam. Dd la nha nude cua dan, do dan, vi dan; dgt dudi su lanh dgo tuyet ddi cua Dang Cdng san Viet Nam; dua tren CCT sd lien minh viing chac giiia giai cap cdng nhan vdi giai cap ndng dan va dpi ngii tri thirc; la cdng cu quyen luc chu yeu dd nhSn dan xay dung mgt qudc gia dan tgc ddc lap xa hdi chil nghta theo muc tieu dan giau, nude mgnh, dan chii, cdng bang va van minh, gdp phan tich cue vao cugc dau tranh vi hoa binh, ddc lap, dan tgc, dan chu va tien bd tren thd gidi.
5. Sy- v^n dyng cua Dang Cgng san Vi^t Nam do! vdi quan diem cua C.MSc vl giai cap va dan toe
Thai ky qua do di ldn CNXH d Viet Nam van edn tdn tgi mau thuin giiia eac giai cip, tang ldp. Vi vay, diu tranh giai cip la thuc td khach quan khdng tranh khdi. Cin nhgn thiic dung khai nidm dSu tranh giai cip, cung nhu tinh chit, ndi dung, hinh thiic ciia nd de van dyng vao vide xu ly eac moi quan he giai cip - dan tgc - nhan logi.
Qua trinh xay dung CNXH phai kit hgp chat che vdi nhiem vu bao ve Td qudc 16
Nguyen Dinh Tudng XHCN, bao ve chinh quyen nhan dan va
phap ehd XHCN. Da sd ngudi dan Viet Nam ddu ung hd muc tidu ciia Dang trong su nghiep each mgng va qua trinh ddi mdi. Tuy nhien, trong xa hdi van cdn tdn tai mgt bd phan cd nhan thiic lech lac. Vi vay, dau tranh giai cap trong thdi ky qua do d Viet Nam dugc didn ra dudi nhidu hinh thiic khac nhau: do la dau tranh giiia cac tang ldp xa hgi img hd muc tidu cua each mgng do Dang Cdng san Viet Nam lanh dao vdi eae the luc, cac td chiic chdng lai dgc lap dan tdc va CNXH; dau tranh vdi cac td ehiie phan ddng trong nude va ngoai nude, nhiing ke sii dyng
"didn bidn hoa binh", "tu chuyen hoa" nham thu tieu su lanh dgo ciia Dang Cgng san Viet Nam va lgt do Nha nude do Dang Cgng san Viet Nam lanh dgo.
De giai quyet mdi quan he giija xay dung CNXH va bao vd Td qude XHCN d Viet Nam hidn nay, can nam vung quan diem ve giai cap cua ehii nghta Mac, quan triet sau sae han niia luan diem cua C.Mac ve moi quan he bidn chiing giiia giai cap va dan tgc.
Dang Cgng san Viet Nam va Hd Chi Minh da giai quydt dung d i n mdi quan he giua giai cap va dan tdc trong timg giai doan lich sir cu thd, thdng qua viec gan lien doe lap dan tdc vdi CNXH. Mdi quan he nay ed anh hudng va tac dgng sau sac ddn cac phuang dien khac cua each mgng trong su phat trien cua dan tde. Hd Chi Minh da van dyng va phat trien mdt each sang tao tu tudng Mac - Lenin vd mdi quan he bidn ehung giua giai cap va dan tgc, diu tranh giai cap va dau tranh dan toe trong su nghiep each mang d nude ta. Hd Chi Mmh vidt;
"Mudn cuu nude va giai phdng dan tdc khdng cd cdn dudng nao khae eon dudng each mgng vd san" [6, t.9, tr.314]. Mdt hrong nhiing bai hpc quy bau eua each mgng Viet Nam la su kdt hgp mat thiet giiia cudc dau
tranh giai cap va dau tranh dan tde, giai phdng dan tde va giai phdng xa hgi.
6. Ket luan
Quan didm cua C.Mae ve nha nude, giai c i p va dan tde van cdn cd y nghia li lugn va thuc tien ddi vdi each mang Viet Nam.
C M a c da chi ra quy luat khaeh quan cua su phat tridn va tieu vong cua nha nude, khao sat qua trinh van dgng hidn thue eiia nha nude trong ddi sdng xa hdi. Quan diem cua C M a c ve mdi quan he giiia giai cap va dan tdc chi ra nhiing tidu ehi dua den sur tdn tai cua cac giai cap, chi ro nguydn nhan kinh te cita su xuat hien giai cap, khang dinh rang dau tranh giai cap la mdt trong nhiing dgng lue thiie day xa hgi phat trien. Dang va Nha nude Viet Nam da va dang van dung tu tudng ndi trdn cua C.Mac de xay dung nha nude phap quyen XHCN hidn nay.
Tai lieu tham khao
[1] V.LLenin (1976), Todn tdp, Nxb Tiln bo, Matxcava.
[2] V.LLenin (1980), Todn lap, Nxb Tiln bg, Matxcova,
[3] C.Mac va Ph.Ang-ghen (1994), Todn tap, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia. Ha Noi.
[4] C.Mac va Ph.Ang-ghen (2002), Todn tap, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi.
[5] C.Mac va Ph.Ang-ghen (1995), Todn lap, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia. Ha Noi.
[6] H6 Chi Minh (2002), Todn lap, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Npi.
[7] http://dangcongsan.vn/tu-lieu-van-kien/ho-so- su-kien/doc-2918201511254446.html [8] https://vov.vn/chinh-tri/tu-tuong-vi-dai-cua-
cmac-voi-cach-mang-viet-nam-75 7 803. vov
