K l t N THLTC, THAI DO, THl/C HANH C O A Vl THANH NIEN Vfe SLTC KHO^ SINH S A N TAI TRU-ONG TRUNG HQC P H 6 THONG DONG THUY ANH, T I N H THAI BJNH
Trdn Minh Hdu, Dgng Thj Kim Anh Dgi hgc Y Thdi Binh ChOng tdi tiin hinh diiu tra phdng vin 480 hgc sinh (242 nam vi 238 hd) tnrdng THPT Bdng Thgy Anh, huy$n Thii Thijy, tinh Thdi Binh vdi mgc tieu dinh gid nh$n thCrc, thii 0. thi/c hinh ctia vj thdnh nlin vi sdc khde sinh sin. Kit qui diiu tra cho thay 1) Vi kiin thdc, cd 20.6% nO- hiiu dung cich tinh mgt chu ky' kinh nguy$t (CKKN) binh thwdng. 66.8% biet CKKN binh thwdng li 28-30 ngiy, 100% nam biit vi mdng tinh. 15,7% chwa biit vi thu dim, cd 57,0% hiiu diing ddy Id hiin twgng binh thwdng. 92,7-95.8% biet bi$n phdp trinh thai (BPTT) ii dung thuic trinh thai vd bao cao su (BCS). 82,1% biet BCS phdng dwgc b$nh Iiin quan din tinh dgc (LQDTD) vd 88.1 % biit tdc dung trdnh cua vien trdnh thai. 20% hiiu dOng thdi diim di cd thai nhit trong chu k^ kinh nguy$t. 92.9% hiiu dung vi quan hi tinh dgc (QHTD) khdng an toin. Chl cd 47.9% vi thdnh nlin hiiu ring QHTD cd thi gdy dnh hwdng tdi hgc tip vd 81.4- 93,1% biit HIV. giang mai Idy qua dwdng tinh dgc. 2) Vi thii di, 70,4% s6 Sl twgng quan tdm din vin di sdc khde sinh sin. 62,7% io ling khi mic b$nh LQDTD, 93,1% Sng y vdi quan aim sd d{ing cdc BPTT trong QHTD. 60.4% phin d6i QHTD tu6i vj thinh nlin. 3) Vi thgc hdnh, cd 4,2% tSng cwdng v$n dgng khi cd Idnh nguyit. 94,1% thay bSng vi sinh 3-5 Iin trong 1 ngdy, 78,6% thwdng xuyin vi sinh b0 phin sinh dgc (BPSD) hang ngdy, 58,8% rda bing dung dich vi sinh. Cd 42,2% khdng lim gi sau mgng tinh, 47,1% thwdng xuyin vi sinh BPSD hing ngiy. Cd 2 nam vd 1 nO- dd QHTD vd diu chwa si> dgng BPTT ndo, 6.5% tCmg di khdm binh LQDTD.
TCr khda: vj thinh nlin, sire khoi sinh sdn I . D A T V A N D I ^
Sau gin 35 ndm thing nhit dIt nude, Vidt Nam dd cd nhdng budc chuyin minh ddng k l trdn t i t ca cdc ITnh vyc, ddi song vdt chit vd tinh thin cOa ngudi ddn cung din dug'c ndng cao han, vin d l sdc khde duyc quan tdm nhilu han. Tuy nhien, ciing vdi chlnh sdch md cda d l giao luu vd phdt triln kinh t l , thi cQng cd sy xdm nhdp cOa cdc nIn vdn hod khdc vdo nude ta. Vj thdnh nidn (VTN) Id nhdm tuli dang trudng thdnh (10-19 tuli) d giai dogn phdt triln cd b'nh bdn Id v l mdt sinh hgc vd xd hdi, ndn dd bj dnh hudng bdi nhdng quan dilm van hda mdi Ig. Quan dilm 'nam nd thg thy bit
thdn" cd td nhilu thi ky tnrdc dd khdng cdn dug'c tudn thd, gidi tre ngdy nay dd ty do han trong vide the hign tinh d m Ida ddi.
Vigc gido dgc khdng kjp thdi cdc kiln thdc d n thilt cho gidi trd dd din din nhdng hdu qua xd hdi. Theo dilu tra cua VQ Quy Nhdn 17], s l VTN cd quan hd tinh dye (QHTD) trudc hdn nhdn chilm 14,8% d nam vd 2.4% vdi nd. Ty Id phy nd chua chdng ngo hiit thai (NHT) chilm 20-30% ting s6 phy nd NHT d Hd Ndi vd TP. H i Chl Minh [3], Kl, [5j, [6]. VI Vdy, sdc khoe sinh sdn (SKSS) vj thdnh nidn hign nay dang Id mdt vin de ndng dug'c cd xd hdi quan tdm [1], [2]. Vide nghidn cdu SKSS VTN giiip cho
vigc lap ke hogch va lya chgn phuang phdp chdm sdc SKSS VTN mdt cdch cd hidu qua.
Hidn nay van de gido dye SKSS d cac trudng hgc chua diKfc giang day mgt each chfnh quy, mgt khac hgc sinh d Ida tuoi VTN dug'c tiep xiic vdi nhieu logi thdng tin qua sdch bao, intemet, tivi, trong gia dinh, bgn be, ngodi xa hdi... Cdc em cd till se khdng bilt thdng tin ndo Id diing, cd sd dung dug'c hay khdng. Chlnh vi vgy chiing tdi tiln hanh nghien edu d l tdi nay vdi muc tidu ddnh gid nhdn thdc, thdi do, thyc hdnh cua vj thdnh nidn ve sdc khoe sinh sdn tgi trudng THPT Ddng Thyy Anh - Thai Binh.
2. D 6 I T U - Q ^ G V A PHU'aNG PHAP NGHIDN CCrU
2.1. Dja dilm vd ddi tug'ng nghidn cdu - Tnrdng Tmng hgc phi thdng Ddng Thuy Anh, huydn Thdi Thyy, tinh Thdi Binh (chii djnh chgn).
- Hgc sinh dang hgc tgi cdc Idp cOa tm-dng dug'c chgn trong nghidn cdu.
2.2. Phuang phdp nghien cdu
Nghidn cdu duac tiln hdnh theo phuang phdp nghidn cdu djch t l hgc md ta cd phdn tich qua cude dilu tra d t ngang.
* Phirong phdp chon mlu
- Chgn trudng theo chii ^nh, chgn ngau nhidn 4 Idp trong moi khdi cOa trudng.
- Tinh cd mlu dya trdn kit qud nghien cdu trudc ve SKSS VTN d Vidt Nam ndm 2002, theo cdng thdc sau:
N=Z^a/2V(1-p)/6^
(5= 0,05 Id dg lech chuln. Dd tin cdy 95% cho ZV2=1,96, c(=0,05). Tu cdng thdc trdn, cd mdu tinh duwc se Id 160 em/nhdm tuli.
* Phuang phdp thu thap sd lieu Sau khi xin y kiln vd Uiong nhit ke hogch nghien cdu vdi Idnh dao tmdng duac chgn, dn ^nh thdi gian tiln hdnh nghien edu. Dilu tra ldn lug't cac Idp theo Ijch vdi sy giOp dd vd phii hg'p ciia gido vidn chii nhigm Idp. Chia Idp thanh 2 nhdm (nam, nu) d l tiln hdnh dilu tra trdnh nhdng sai s l khi phdng vin.
- Thu thdp s l lidu bang bg philu dilu tra.
Mdi nhdm tdp tmng trong mdt phdng, can bd nghien cdu phdt philu va hudng din cdc em dgc mdt lug't, sau dd cdn bd nghidn edu dgc tdng cdu hdi phdng vin trong philu cho nhdm hgc sinh nghe, gidi thich td vd khdi niem khd hiiu vd de hgc sinh ty ddnh diu vdo philu trd Idi nhu hudng dan.
- Phdng vin ridng: nlu nhdng VTN ndo cd thyc hdnh ddc t»dt, cd QHTD tnrdc hdn nhdn se dug'c mdi phdng vin Igi mdt cdch kin ddo vd rieng tu d l khai thdc cdc thdng tin mdt cdch chlnh xdc va tmng thyc.
2.3. Xd ly s6 lieu
S l Ildu duac xd ly bang phin mIm mdy tinh theo chuang trinh SPSS 16.0.
3. K £ T QUA NGHIDN CI>U 3.1. Mgt s6 thdng tin chung
Cdc thdng tin chung ve doi tug'ng nghidn edu dug'c trinh bdy tren bang 1.
Tuli 15 16 17 Chung
Bani 1. Phdn b l dli topng nghidn cOu theo tuli vd gidi.
Gidi Nam n 81 81 80 242
%
50,9 50,9 49,4 60,4
NO n 78 78 82 238
%
49,1 49.1 50,6 49,6
Chung n 159 159 162 480
%
100 100 100 100
Kit qua trdn bang 1 cho thay s6 li/prng doi tuvng mli gidi chilm 50%, ty Id nam va n{> d 3 nhdm tuli Id toong dodng nhau, phii hdp vdi thilt l<l nghidn cou. Tat ca hpc sinh trong nghidn cOu diu dd day thi. Tuli day thi cOa
VTN nam tmng binh Id 13,62 ±1,06, cua no Id 12,71 ± 0, 8.
3.2. Kiln thi>c cua VTN v l SKSS Kiln thOc ciJa VTN v l SKSS dooc trinh bay tren cac bang 2 - 7 .
Bdng 2. Kiln thOc v l sOc l<hpe sinh san cOa no VTN.
Mdt s l vin d l M|t chu kj kinh
nguydt (CKKN) dope tinh to
Thdi gian mdt CKKN binh thodng
s l ngdy cd kinh trong mdt chu ky
Ngdy diu CK tmdc -diu CK sau
Ngdy diu CKtra^c -cull CK sau
Ngdy culiCK trudc -diu CK sau
Ngdy cuoi CK trodc -culi CK sau
30 - 32 ngdy 28 - 30 ngdy 26 - 28 ngdy
< 3 ngdy 3 - 7 ngdy
> 7 ngdy
%
n%
n%
n%
n%
n%
n%
n%
n%
n n%
Tuli 15
24 30,8
34 43,6
20 25,6
0 0 10 12,8
60 76,9
8 10,3
2 2,6 75 96,1
1 1,3
16 13 16,7 32 41,0
18 23,1
15 19,2
7 9,0 53 67,9 18 23,1 5 6.4 72 92.3
1 1.3
17 12 14.6 23 28.0
31 37.8
16 19,5
16 19,5
46 56,1
20 24,4
1 1,2 76 92,7
5 6,1
Chung 49 20,6
89 37,4 69 29,0
31 13,0
33 13,8 159 66,8 46 19,3
8 3,45 223 93,7 7 2,9 S6 lidu trdn bdng 2 cho thiy c6 20.6% VTN
nd hiiu diing v l cdch tInh mdt chu 1^ kinh nguydt binh thudng, trong dd nd tu& 15 hiiu diing nhilu horn. Cd 66,8% VTN nd bilt dugre
chu ky kinh nguydt binh thudng kdo ddi b> 28- 30 ngdy. Ty Id VTN nd bilt duyc s l ngdy trong mgt chu ky kinh nguydt binh thudng 3 - 5 ngdy dgt 53,8%.
D I U hidu Mdng tinh Thu ddm ThO ddm Id hl|n tuvng binh thodng
Bdng 3.
Tuoi Qd bilt Choa bilt Dd bilt Sinh i ; binh thodng Binh thodng Khdng bilt
Kiln thOc v l cdc vin d l sinh ly nam VTN.
15 n 81 16 65 51 11 19
%
100 19,8 80,2 63,0 13,6 23,5
16 n 81 13 68 43 26 12
100
%
16,0 84.0 53.1 32.1 14.8
17 n 80
9 71 44 25 11
100
%
11.2 88.8 65.0 31.2 13.8
Ting n 242
38 204 148 62 42
100
%
15,7 84,3 57,0 25.6 17.4
Kit qua tren bang 3 cho thiy 100% VTN nam da bilt ve hidn tutmg mdng tinh. Cd 15,7% VTN nam chua biet ve hidn tug'ng thu ddm. Chi cd 57,0% VTN nam hiiu diing thu
ddm la mdt hign hmng binh thudng, vdn cdn 25,6% VTN nam cho c% Id mdt hign tug'ng bit thudng va 17,4% k h ^ bilt v l van de ndy.
Bdng 4. Kiln thOc v l quan h$ tinh due (QHTD). benh Mpt s l vin de
Tinh due khdng an tpdn Id QHTD Hdu qua khi QHTD o t u l i VTN
khi choa kit hdn khdng dCing cdc bi^n phdp bapv^
khi choa cd kiln thoc SKSS Anh hodng hcc tap Ban gdi mang thai Mic benh LQBTD Khdng cd van d l gl
Nam n 104 231 69 101 217 142 43
43.0
%
95.4 28.6 41.7 89.7 58,7 17,8
dy qua dodng tinh due (LQDTD).
No n 92 215 73 129 180 140 19
38,7
%
90,3 30,7 54,2 75,7 58,8 8,0
Ting n 196 446 142 230 397 282 62
40,8
%
92,9 29,6 47,9 82,7 58,7 13,0 Cdc so lidu trong bang 4 cho thiy cd tdi
92,9% VTN hiiu ddng quan hg tinh dye khdng an todn Id quan hd khdng dung cdc bign phdp bao vd- v l hgu qua cua vigc quan hd tinh dye d tuli vj Uidnh nidn vin cdn 13,0% cho rang
khdng ed vin d l gi. Chi cd 47,9% VTN hiiu ring QHTD cd thi gdy anh hudng tdi hgc tdp.
58,7% bilt cd thi mac bdnh Idy qua dudng tinh dye. Hdu qua khi QHTD Idm bgn gdi cd the mang thai duac 82,7% VTN bilt din.
Bang 5. Kiln thdevi cdc bign phdp trdnh thai (BPTT).
Mdt s l bi$n phdp MdtsI
BPTT thdng thodng Tdc dgng cua BCS Thulc trdnh thai
Thulc trdnh thai Bap cao su (BCS) Dung cg to cung Tinh chu ky Phdng benh LQBTD Trdnh mang thai Khong rd Trdnh thai tarn thdi Phdng b#nh LQBTD Cd thi nhilu biln chOng
Nam n 220 238 89 115 201 236 11 240 22
4 90,9
%
98,3 36,8 47,5 83,1 97,5 4,5 99,2
9,1 1,7
No n 225 222 77 38 193 209 27 183 31 40
94,5
%
93,2 32,2 15,9 81,1 87,8 11,3 76,9 13,0 16,8
Tong n 445 460 166 153 394 445 38 423 53 44
92,7
%
95,8 34,6 31,9 82,1 92,7 7,9 88,1 11,0 9,2 Kit qua trinh tidy tren bang 5 cho thay
VTN bilt den rlt nhilu cdc bidn phdp trdnh Uiai. Trong dd bign phdp dugc bilt nhilu nhat td thulc trdnh thai vd bao cao su chilm 92,7- 95,8%. Bao cao su dug'c cdc bgn bilt den vdi
chde nang phdng bdnh Idy qua dudng tinh dye chilm 82,1%, trdnh ti^ cho bgn gdi chilm 92,7%. Chi cd 7.9% s l hgc sinh khdng rd v l chde nang ctia bao cao su. Tdc dyng trdnh thai tgm tiidi cOa vidn tr^h thai dd dug'c da s l VTN
biet din (88,1%). Tuy nhidn ve each dCing vd cdc biln chdng khi sd dyng ttiuoc thi duac t»lt
den rat it vd khdng chlnh xdc, chi cd 9,2% cho rang khi dung Uiulc cd the gdy biln chdng.
Bdng 6. Kiln thdc ve van de thy thai vd mang thai.
Cdc vin d l Thdi dilm
d l cd thai Diu hidu cua cd thai Hdu qud ciJa nao phd thai tuli VTN
Ngay sau sach kinh GiOa 2 kj kinh Bit cO thdi gian ndo Kinh nguydt chdm iai Co thi thay dli Khdng rd Khdng d l Iai hdu qua Vidm nhilm nhong khdng ddng lo
B l l9i nhieu di chOng ndng n l
Nam n 201
26 73 99 16 32 24 57 161
83,1
%
10,7 30,1 40,9 6.6 12.2 9.9 23.6 66.5
No n 176 70 115 181 42 11 9 30 199
73.9
%
29.4 48,3 76,1 17,6 4,6 3,8 12,6 83,7
Tong n 377
96 188 280 58 43 33 87 360
78,5
%
20,0 39,1 58,4 12.0 9.0 6.9 18.1 75.0 Kit qud trdn bdng 6 cho thiy cd 20% VTN
hiiu diing v l thdi dilm d l cd thai nhat trong chu ky kinh, tdi 78,5% cho ring ngay sau sgch kinh, vd 39,1% cho rang bit cd thdi gian ndo. Kinh nguydt chdm Id diu hidu dug'c VTN bilt din nhilu nhit vdi ty Id 58,4%. Cdn 9,0%
VTN khdng rd v l cdch nhdn bilt khi ed thai.
Cd 75% VTN bilt hdu qua ciia vide cd thai Id cd thi d l Igi nhilu di chdng ndng n l . Cd 18,1% cho ring cd thi vidm nhilm nhung khdng ddng lo. 6,9% VTN cho ring ngo phd thai d tuli VTN khdng d l Igi hgu qua gl.
Bdng 7. IQln thdc v l bdnh Idy truyln qua dudng tinh dye.
Mdt s l kiln thOc Bdnh idy
qua dodng tinh dgc
Bdnh ndo LQBTD
Phdng b^nh LQDTD
Nguy hiim chit ngodi KhIng ddng io Khdng mic nlu 2 ngodi khoe mgnh Ai cOng cd t h i mac nlu QHTD khdng an todn HiV
Vidm gan B Vidm gan A Giang mai Khdng bilt DCing BCS DCing thulc trdnh thai Chung thOy vdi 1 ngodi
Nam n 29 29 12 172 218 72 12 211 0 230
32 67
12.0
%
12.0 5.0 71,1 90,1 29,7 5,0 87,2
0 95,0 13,2 27,6
NO n 39 13 18 168 229 33 5 180
3 216
69 88
16,4
%
5,5 7,6 70,6 96,2 13,9 3,2 75,6 1,3 90,8 29,0 37,0
Chung n 68 42 30 340 447 105 34 391 3 446 101 155
14,2
%
8,8 6,2 70,8 93,1 21.9 7.1 81.4
0.6 92.9 21,0 32,3
Cdc so lieu trong bdng 7 cho thay cd 6,2- 8,8% V T N cho rang benh lay truyen qua dudng tinh due Id bdnh khdng ddng lo ngai va khdng the mac neu 2 ngudi khde mgnh.
70,8% VTN cho r i n g bdnh c d the Idy cho bat c d ai n l u QHTD khdng an todn. Bdnh dug'c VTN b i l t den nhilu n h i t Id HIV, giang mai vdi ty Id 81,4% v d 9 3 , 1 % . Bdnh vidm gan B Igi d u a c VTN biet den rat it, chi cd 21,9%. Cd 0,6% V T N khdng biet ddn bgnh Idy qua
d u d n g tinh dye. Cd 92C,9% VTN b i l t r i n g dung BCS cd t h i phdng dug-c bdnh Idy qua d u d n g tinh dye, quan hd chung thiiy v d i 1 ngudi Id 32,3% v a cdn 2 1 % VTN cho r i n g dOng t h u l c trdnh thai c d t h i phdng bdnh Idy truyln qua dudng tinh dye.
3.3. Thai d o ciJa VTN v d SKSS
Thai do ciia V T N v d i cdc khla cgnh h i i u b i l t ve bdnh Idy qua dudng tinh dye vd quan hd tinh dye dug'c trinh bdy trdn cdc bang 8, 9.
Bang 8. Thdi dg ve benh Idy tmyen qua dudng tinh dye.
Gidi Thdi dp "^ • — — _ _ _ ^ ^ Vd sinh b$ phdn sinh
dgc (BPSD) hdng ngdy Khi bi bdnh Idy qua dodng tinh dgc
Can thilt Khdng d n thilt LP ling Khdng quan tdm Ghesd
Nam n 114 128 136 99 7
%
47,1 52,9 56,2 40,9 2,9
No n 187
51 125 103 10
%
78,6 21,5 52,5 43,3 4,2
Chung n 331 179 261 202 17
%
62,7 37,3 54,4 42,1 3,5 Cdc s l lidu trong bdng 8 cho tiily cd 62,7% mdc benh Idy qua dudng tinh dye thi cd 54,4%
VTN cho r i n g v g sinh BPSD hdng ngdy Id d n VTN td thdi dd lo l i n g , 3,5% t h i y ghd sg- vd thilt, 37,3% cho r i n g khdng d n thilt. Khi bj 42,1% khdng quan tdm den v i n de ndy.
Bdng 9. Thai dg v l quan hg tinh dye vd t»dn phdp trdnh thai.
Thdiddvl SO dgng BPTT khi QHTD QHTD, mang thai a tuli VTN
Gidi
Bong]^
Khdng ding y Dong tinh Khong quan tdm Phdn dli
Nam n 230
12 34 41 167
%
95,1 5,0 14,0 16,9 69,0
No n 217
21 23 92 123
%
91,2 8,8 9,7 38,7 51.7
Chung n 247
33 67 133 290
%
93,1 6,9 11,9 27,7 60,4
K i t qua trdn bang 9 cho t h i y 93,1% VTN V T N , 11,9% d i n g Bnh v d 27.7% khdng d i n g y v d i v i ^ s o dgng cdc BPTT trong quan tdm.
QHTD v d 6.9% khdng dong J . 60.4% VTN 3.3. T h u v hdnh cua VTN v l SKSS phdn d l i v i n d l QHTD v d mang thai d t u l i Thoc hdnh cua VTN v l SKSS dope trinh
bay trdn cdc bdng 1 0 - 1 3 .
Bdng 10. Thoc hdnh ve sinh trong nhOTig ngdy cd kinh nguydt a VTN no.
—- Tuli Thoc hdnh ~~~-~-~-...^
Chl dd sinh hogt S l l l n
thay bdng
Han chl kidng khem Hpn chl van ddng Han chl tdm giat An uIng du chat
< 3 lln /ngdy 3-5 lln /ngdy
> 5 lan /ngdy
15 n(%) 28 (05.9)
68 (87.2) 6(7.7) 58 (74.4)
0(0) 78 (100)
0(0)
16 n(%) 17 (28,1) 68 (87,2)
6 (7,6) 57 (70,1)
1 (1,0) 74 (95,7) 0 (0,8)
17 n(%) 20 (28,0) 60 (70,2) 10(15,9) 2 (9,0) 0 (0,7) 72 (87,8)
7 (8,5)
Ting n(%) 68 (28,6) 196 (82,4) 25(10,5) 147 (61,8)
4(1,7) 224(94,1)
10 (4,2) Kit qua- trdn bdng 10 cho thiy cd 82,4% han chl tdm gidt, vd 4,2% tdng codng vdn VTN nO h9n chl vdn ddng manh trong nhOng ddng. Cd 94,1% VTN thay bdng v | sinh 3-5 ngdy cd kinh, 28,6% dn uIng kidng. 10.5% lln mdtngdy. vd 1.7%dodi 3lln/ngdy
Bdng 11. Thoc hdnh v l ve sinh BPSD hdng ngdy vdi nO.
Thoc hdnh Vd sinh BPSD So dgng nodcvd sinh
Tuli Thodng xuydn Thinh thodng Chi khi cd kinh nguydt Node s^ch Dung dich ve sinh Xd phdng tim
15 n(%) 72 (92.3)
1(5.1) 2 (2.6) 30 (38.5) 44 (56.4) 4(5,2)
16 n(%) 62 (79,5) 15(19,2) 1 (1,3) 31 (39,7) 42 (53,8)
5(6,4) 17 n(%) 53 (64,6) 29 (35,4) 0(0) 27 (32,9) 54 (65,9) 1 (1.2)
Chung n(%) 187(78,6)
48 (20.2) 3(1,3) 88 (37,0) 140 (68,8) 10(4,2) Kit qud trdn bdng 11 cho thiy cd 78,6%
VTN nd thudng xuydn vd sinh BPSD hdng ngdy, cdn 1,3% chi rda BPSD khi cd kinh
nguydt. 58,6% VTN nd vg sinh bd phdn sinh dye blng dung djch nude vg sinh vd 37%
dCing nude sgch.
Bdng 12. Thoc hdnh v l mpt s l vin de sinh ly d VTN nam Thoc hdnh "
Sau mdng tinh thi V I sinh BPSD hdng ngdy
Tuli Khdng idm gi V# sinh BPSD Thodng xuydn Bdi khi Hiim khi
15 n(%) 39(48,1) 30 (37,0) 32 (39,5) 28 (34,6) 21 (25,9)
16 n(%) 29 (35,8) 40 (49,4) 36 (44,4) 18 (22,2) 27 (33,3)
17 n(%) 39 (48,8) 32 (40,0) 46 (57,5) 23 (28,8) 11 (13,8)
Chung n(%) 107(44.2) 102 (42,1) 114(47.1) 69 (28.5) 59 (24.4) Cdc s l li|u trdn bdng 12 cho thiy sau
m|ng tinh cd 42.2% VTN khdng Idm gi. 42.1%
v$ sinh BPSD. Cd 47.1% VTN thodng vd sinh
BPSD hdng ngdy, 28,5% thinh thodng mdi v | sinh vd 24,4% chi vd sinh BPSD sau khi m|ng tinh.
Bang 13. Thirc hdnh ve cdc bien phdp tranh thai vd quan he tinh dgc.
Thoc hdnh Quan he tinh dgc Dd so dgng BPTT Khdm b^nh Idy qua dodng tinh dgc
Gidi Ba quan hd Chu.a bao gid Ba so dgng Choa so dgng Bd di khdm Choa bao gid
Nam n 2 240
0 242
14 228
0,8
%
99,2 0,0 100 5,8 94,2
NO n 1 237
0 238
17 221
0,4
%
99.6 0.0 100 7.1 92.9
Ting n 3 477
0 480
31 449
%
0,6 99,4
0,0 100 6,5 93,5 Kit qud trdn bang 13 dio thiy chl cd hai
nam vd mdt nd dd tdng QHTD. 100% cdc em hgc sinh chua sd dyng BPTT ndo. Chi cd 6,5% cdc em dd tdng di khdm tgi cdc trung tdm y te v l cdc t)dnh Idy qua dudng tinh due.
4. K £ T LUAN
100% s l dli tu?ng da ddy thi, tuli ddy thi cua v| thdnh nidn nam tmng binh Id 13,62 ± 1,06; ciia nd 12,71 ±0,8.
4.1. Kiln thuv cua v\ thdnh nidn v l SKSS - 20,6% vj thdnh nidn nd hiiu dung cdch tinh mgt CKKN binh thudng, 66,8% bilt CKKN binh thudng Id 28-30 ngdy, 53.8% biet thdi gian cd kinh trong mgt CKKN binh thudng la 3-5 ngdy.
- 100% vj thdnh nidn nam bilt v l mdng tinh, 15,7% chua biet ve thO ddm, cd 57,0%
hiiu dting ddy Id hidn tug'ng binh thudng.
- Bign phdp trdnh thai duac VTN bilt nhieu nhit Id Uiulc trdnh thai (92,7%) vd bao cao su (95,8%), 82,1% VTN biet tdc dyng phdng bdnh LQDTD cua bao cao su, 88,1% biet tac dyng trdnh thai tgm thdi cua vien trdnh thai, 88,8% biet cdc BPTT td intemet.
- 92,9% hiiu diing ve QHTD khdng an todn, d n 13,0% cho ring khdng cd vin d l gi khi QHTD tuli VTN. Chi cd 47.9% VTN hiiu ring QHTD ed the gdy dnh hudng tdi hgc tdp-
- 20% hiiu diing thdi dilm de ed thai nhit trong chu ky kinh, 58,4% bilt khi cd thai kinh nguygt, 6,9% cho ring ngo hiit thai d tuli VTN khdng d l Igi hdu qua gi.
- 6,2-8,8% hiiu sai ve bgnh LTQDTD, 81,4 - 93,1% biet HIV vd giang mai Idy qua dudng tinh dye, 92,9% bilt diing bao cao su cd thi phdng dug'c bdnh LQDTD.
4.2. Thdi dd cQa v[ thdnh nidn v l SKSS - 70,4% VTN quan tdm den vin d l SKSS, 62,7% lo ling nlu mic bdnh LQDTD, 93,1%
ding y sd dyng cdc BPTT trong QHTD, 60,4% phan dli QHTD d tuoi VTN.
4.3. Thuc hdnh cua vj thdnh nidn v l SKSS - 4,2% VTN nd tdng cudng vdn ddng khi cd kinh nguygt, 94,1% thay bdng vd sinh 3-5 lln mgt ngay, 78,6% m'a BPSD hdng ngdy, 56,8% rda bang dung dich vd sinh.
- 42,2% VTN khdng lam gl sau mdng tinh, 47,1% vd sinh BPSD hdng ngdy.
- Cd 2 nam vd 1 nu da QHTD, 100% hgc sinh chua sd dyng BPTT ndo, 6,5% tdng di khdm bgnh LQDTD.
T A I L I $ U THAM K H A O
1. Trdn Trgng Khue (1998) Nghidn cdu kiln thdc thdi dg, hdnh vi cua vj thdnh nidn v l sdc khoe sinh sdn tgi 4 xd huydn
_ VQ thu. tinh Thdi Binh nam 1998. Ludn vdn Thge sy Y te cdng cgng. Ha Ngi- 2. Hodng Thj Hi^p vd cs. (2002) Sdc khoe
^^ Vj thdnh nidn d Vidt Nam. Chuong trinh hg'p tdc y te Vigt Nam - Thuy Diln. NXB Y hgc, Hd Ndi.
3. Nguydn Thi Bich Hlng (2003) Nghidn cdu sy hiiu bilt mdt s l kiln thdc ve sdc khoe sinh sdn vj thdnh nidn cua hgc sinh ddn tdc mdt s6 trudng ndi tni tinh San La.
4. Pham Quang Nggc (1999) Nghien cdu sy hiiu bilt mdt s l kiln thdc v l sdc khoe sinh san vj thdnh nidn d thdnh phd Hai Phdng. Ludn vdn Thge sy khoa hgc, Dai hgc Su phgm Hd Ndi.
5. Chu Thj Xuyin (1997) Bdo edo nghidn cdu trong phgm vi quic gia v l sdc khoe sinh sdn vj thdnh nidn vd vai bd cua cdc phuang tidn thdng tin dgi chiing. Hd Ndi.
6. Hodng Thjnh (1999) Bdo cdo phdn tich ndi dung thdng tin dgi chiing v l cdc vin d l sdc khde sinh sdn vj thdnh nidn tgi Vidt Nam, Hd Ngi.
7. Nhan VQ. Minh Hang ND, et al (1996), Reproductive Behaviour of unmarried Urtsan Students of Age 17-24 in Vietnam.
SUMMARY Knowledge, attitude, practice of the adolescence on reproductive health at Dong Thuy Anh Junior high school in Thai
Binh
Tran Minh Hau, Dang Thi Kim Anh Thai Binh Medical University We conducted an interviewing survey on 480 students at Dong Thuy Anh high school (Thai Thuy district. Thai Binh province) aiming at evaluating the recognition, attitude and
practice of the adolescence on reproductive health. The subject included 242 males and 238 females. The result showed that: 1) Far knowledge: 20.6% females understood to estimate correctly a normal menstrual cyde.
66.8% knew that a normal menstrual cyde is 28-30 days: 100% males knew nocturnal emission, 15.7% did not know atmut masturbation, 57.0% understood that it was a normal phenomenon: 92.7-95.6% knew contraceptive methods were contraceptive pill and condom: 82.1% knew that condom could prevent from sex related diseases, and 88.1%
knew about the effect of contraceptive pill:
20% understood correctly the easy getting pregnancy period in a menstrual cycle: 92.9%
understood correctly about unsafe sex. Only 47.9% of the juveniles understood that sex could affect studying process. 81.4-93.1%
knew HIV and syphilis are transmitted through sexual route. 2) For attitude: 70.4%
concerned about reproductive health, 62.7%
worried when getting sex related diseases, 93.1 % agreed with opinhn to use contraceptive methods in sex, 60.4% opfjosed to sex at juvenile period. 3) For practice: 4.3%
Increased movement at menstruation, 94.1%
changed sanitary napkin 3-5 times per day.
78.6% often cleaned genitals dally, 58.5%
washed by feminine hygiene solutbn, 42.2%
did nothing after a nocturnal emission. 47.1%
offen cleaned genital daily. There were 2 males and 1 female had sex and never used any contraceptive measures, 6.5% ever went to clinic for sex related disease.
Key words: addescence. reproductive healUi
