CHlNH TRI -AN NINH THE GlCfJ
Cac bien phap xay diFng long tin va an ninh a khu vifc Bien Dong trong boi canh hien nay
TH.S. NGUYEN THANH IVIINH"
Bdi viel de cap den cdch thuc xdy dung long lin giiia cdc qudc gia trong khu vuc Bien Ddng, thdng qua cdc hogt dgng ciia luc lugng hdi qudn, cdnh sdt bien Irong ca cdu qudc phdng cua cdc qudc gia Irong khu vuc Bien Ddng nhu: tudn Ira chung, dien lap, Irao ddi, chia se ihdng lin vd mgi sd linh vuc khdc ve kiem sodl vd bdo ddm an todn cho hogt dgng hdng hdi qudc le, dm kiem citu hg, citu ngn Iren bien gdp phdn gin giu mdi Iruang bien hod binh, dn dinh phdt Irien kinh te vd gidm bat cdc
nguy ca gdy xung dot vii Irang a khu vuc Bien Ddng trong bdi cdnh hien nay.
1. Nhu cau ve cac bien phap xay dyng long tin tren Bien Dong
Budc sang the ky XXI, mdi trudng bien ngdy cdng trd nen quan trgng ddi vdi cdc qudc gia ven bi8n cung nhu cdc cudng qudc ve hdng hai.
Duy tri hod binh, dn djnh, an ninh, an todn hdng hdi d khu vyc Bien Ddng Id Igi ich chung cua cdc qudc gia trong vd ngodi khu vuc. Do do, mgi no lyc ciia cdc qudc gia trong khu vyc Bien Ddng vd cdng ddng qudc te vi mdt vung bien thyc sy dn djnh, hda binh de phdt trien kinh te la nhu cdu cdp thidt. Cac qudc gia trong khu vyc Biln Ddng cdn kien tri dudng ldi ddi ngoai hda binh, dh tim ra cdc gidi phdp hiru hieu nhdt. Mgt trong nhang gidi phdp hiJu ich dd la thiet lap 'Cue Canh sat biSn Vift Nam, Bo Quoc phong
cdc bien phdp tang cudng xdy dyng ldng tin giua cdc qudc gia xung quanh Bien Ddng thdng qua cdc dien ddn qudc te vd dien ddn khu vyc.
TiJ ngdy 13 den ngdy 17 thdng 6 nam 2011 tai New York (My) da khai mac Hgi nghj ldn thu 21 cdc qudc gia thdnh vien Cdng udc cua Lien hgp qudc (LHQ) ve Ludt bien ndm 1982, vdi sy tham dy cua dai dien 200 qudc gia thdnh vien Cdng udc, cdc nudc thdnh vien LHQ vd cac td chuc qudc te. Dai dien phdi dodn Viet Nam do Thu trudng Bg Ngoai giao Le Luong Minh Idm trudng dodn da cd bdi phdt bieu, trong dd the hien cam ket cua Viet Nam thyc hien mgt cdch nghiem tuc Cdng udc ciia LHQ ve Ludt bien nam 1982 ve gidi quyet tranh chdp chu quyen bien, ddo thdng qua bien phdp dam phdp, hgp tdc ngoai giao hda binh, dya tren cdc nguyen tdc cdng bdng, khdng su dyng vd de dga NhOng vin di KINH i t VA CHfNH TRj IHt GIQI S6 9(185) 201T
Cac bien phap xdy dyng Idng tin va an ninh. Nguyin Thanh Minh su dung vu lire. Phdi hgi^ trong cdng lac bao ve
va giu gin mdi trirdng bien trong sach, chdng d nhiem mdi Irudng bien, hgp lac dau iranh chdng cudp bien, cudp cd \'u Irang. Bai phat bieu da the hien quan diem cua Vicl Nam hi kien quyel phdn ddi sir kien cua ngay 26 thang 5 nam 2011 vd sy kien ngay 09 thdng 6 ndm 2011 lai vimg bien dac qu>cn kinh le cua Viet Nam ddi vdi cdc hanh ddng mang linh chat don phu(mg cua Trung Qudc cho lau liai giam cat c;ip cdc Uiii Binh Minh 02 \a tau Viking II cua Viet Nam Irong hie dang tham dd dia chan \ a dau khi tren
\ung bien thudc qu>en chu quyen cua Vicl Nam chieu theo Cdng udc cua LHQ NC Lual bicn nam 1982. Cac hanh ddng dd cua phia Trung Qudc da xam pham chu quyen, qu>en chu quyen vung bien cua Viet Nam. Ddng llicri, lai Hgi nghi, Trudng doan Viet Nam cung bac bd dudng yeu sach 9 doan cua Trung Qudc d Bien Ddng, khang djnh dudng yeu sdch nay hodn loan khdng cd bat cu CO sd phdp ly qudc te nao, dac biet Iheo Cdng udc cua LHQ ve Luat bien nam 1982.
Qua cdc hdnh dgng neu tren cho Ihay Trung Qudc mudn bien vung bien ihugc chii quyen, quyen chii quyen cua Viet Nam khdng cd Iranh chdp thdnh khu vyc cd tranh chap vdi Trung Qudc, day Id hdnh ddng cd chu y vd dugc tinh todn, chuan bj ky luong, lgi dung tdu hdi quan va tdu cdnh sdt bien Viel Nam chua ra kjp, de thyc hien hanh vi xdm pham. Ngay sau bai phat bieu ciia trudng dodn Viet Nam, cac thdnh vien ASEAN deu nhdt tri vd chia se quan diem cua Viet Nam vd yeu cdu cdc qudc gia ven bien, cdc qudc gia qudn ddo phdi tuan thu nghiem chinh cdc quy djnh cua Cdng udc LHQ ve Ludt bihn ndm 1982. Cdc thdnh vien ASEAN cijng da phdn ddi hdnh dgng ciia phia Trung Qudc va keu ggi cdc ben nghiem chinh thyc hien Tuyen bd ciia cdc ben ve ung xu d Bien Ddng (DOC) va cdc nguyen tdc co bdn cua Luat bien qudc te hien dai, ddc biet Id Cdng udc 1982.
Trudng dodn Viet Nam khdng djnh lai quylt tdm vd lap trudng cua Viet Nam thyc hien nghiem tuc cdc quy djnh cua Cdng udc Luat bien cung nhu Tuyen bd ve cdch ung xu cua cdc
ben d Bien Ddng DOC nhdm xdy dirng khu vyc Bien Ddng thdnh khu virc hod binh, hgp tdc, hiru nghi va dn dinh.
Tir ngay 07 den ngdy 10 thang 6 ndm 2011 lai Surabaya (Indonesia) da dien ra Hgi nghi cua ASEAN, tham dy hgi nghj gdm cd dai dien
10 nude thanh vien ASEAN. Tai hdi nghj, dai dien phia Viel Nam Trg ly Bg trudng Ngoai giao Viel Nam Pham Quang Vinh da cd bai phat bieu. trong dd khang dinh quan diem cua Vict Nam ung hg cdc no lyc tang cudng xay dyng Idng lin va hgp lac vi hod binh, dn djnh, an ninh vd an loan hdng hai d Bien Ddng. Quan di£m dd cua Viet Nam da dugc cdc dai bieu tham dy hdi nghi ddng tinh ung hg \ a nhat tri cao.
He qua cua vice phat trien qudc phdng, chii yeu la hai quan vd cdnh sat bien cua cdc quoc gia Irong khu vvrc Bien Ddng trong bdi c^nh hien nay, la mgt yeu cdu thirc tien dal ra can co mdt sd bien phdp kha dT cdn phdi lien hdnh xay dyng ldng lin \a an ninh tren Bien Ddng. Cac bien phdp xdy dyng ldng tin trong khu vyc Bien Ddng da dugc neu len \ a cdn gdp rut thyc thi ddi vdi cdc qudc gia huu quan trong khu virc Bien Ddng nhdm gidm bdt cdng thang. .Muc dich cua cdc bien phdp \a\ dimg Idng tin Id xay dyng ldng tin giira cae lyc lugng hdi qudn, canh sat bien vd cdc lire lugng lam nhiem vu thyc thi phdp ludt tren bien ciia cac qudc gia trong khu vyc Bien Ddng \a sy hgp lac de lien tdi mot mdi tnrdng bien dugc ddm bdo an ninh va on djnh hod binh de phdt trien kinh te.
Hoat ddng tuan tra chung giua lyc lugng hai qudn, canh sdt bien cua cdc nudc trong khu vyc Bien Ddng dang nga> edng dugc de cao, nhiing hanh dgng dd cua lire lugng qudc phdng cda cac nudc da gdp phan tao nen mdi trudng hod binh, dn djnh vd dieu dd cd the dan tdi cdc bien phap xdy dirng ldng tin nhu cdc thu tyc giiia cdc quoc
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gia trong khu virc Bien Ddng de gidi quyet cac va cham hdi qudn tren bien vd tdng cudng hgp tdc qudc te ve kiem sodt vd ddm bdo an toan hdng hdi nhdm gidm bdt nguy co xung dot tiem tdng d khu vyc Biln Ddng.
€m -NhOng vin di KINH T^ VA CHINH TRj TH^ GIOI S6 9(185) 2011
Nguyin Thanh Minh Cdc bien phap xdy dyng Idng tin vd an ninh..
Trong bdi canh hien nay, cac qudc gia trong khu vyc Bien Ddng cdn tiln hdnh cdc bien phdp xay dimg ldng tin nhdm gidm bdt nguy co xung dot vu trang tilm tang, thdng qua cac thoa thuan boat dgng hgp tac song phuong va da phuong nhu tuan tra chung, dien lap chung giira lyc lugng qudc phdng cua cdc nudc. Nhung boat dgng cd tinh chat quan trgng dd dugc phoi hgp boat dgng giii'a cdc lire lugng lam nhiem vu tren bien nhu: hdi quan, cdnh sal bien cua cac qudc gia trong khu virc Bien Ddng. Ddng thdi, cdc qudc gia xung quanh Bien Ddng can thudng xuyen trao ddi thdng lin, phdi hgp boat dgng tudn tra chung, nhdm quan ly tdt vung bien, gdp phdn giu gin mdi trudng bien hod binh, giam bdt cdng thdng d khu \uc.
Cdc qudc gia trong khu Nirc Bien Ddng du dang cd sy tranh chap chu quyen ve bien, dao nhung deu cd lgi ich vd nguyen vgng chung la duy tri hod binli, dn djnh de hgp lac cimg pbdl trien kinh te. Yeu cau quan Irgng ddi vdi cac qudc gia cd yeu sdch chu quyen Irong khu vyc Bien Ddng dd la cdc tranli chap phai dugc giai quyet bang bien phdp hod binli, dya tren co sd ludt phdp qudc te, trong dd cd Cdng udc cua LHQ ve Ludt bien ndm 1982. Cdc nudc ASEAN vd Trung Qudc can thyc hien day dii Tuyen bd ve cdch ung xu cua cdc ben d Bien Ddng (DOC), dugc ky ket giira ASEAN vd Trung Qudc nam 2002 tai Campuchia. ASEAN vd Trung Qudc cdn tien tdi soan thdo Bg Quy tdc img xu cua cdc ben d Bien Ddng (COC).
Trong chien luge phat trien qudc gia ve bien, hau bet cdc qudc gia trong khu vyc Bien Ddng da vd dang tap trung dau tu kinh phi phdt trien lyc lugng hdi qudn, cdnh sat bien tien hdnh mua sam cdc trang thiet bi hien dai, nhu may bay tiem kich, tdu ngdm. Cdc boat dgng cua lyc lugng hdi qudn, cdnh sdt bien ngdy cdng gia tang vd dugc chu trgng. Qud thyc Id cdc boat dgng nay cd the cdn tang Ien vi tham vgng phdt trien lyc lugng cua hdi qudn, cdnh sat bien trong Biln Ddng dang dugc thyc hien. Trong bdi cdnh hien nay cho thdy, Trung Qudc, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thdi Lan va
Dai Loan dang ddu tu tang cudng cho su'c manh qudc phdng ciia minh, ddc biet Id lyc lugng hai qudn, cdnh sal biln vd khdng quan ven bien.
Tai cd cdc nudc ASEAN cu the Id cac qudc gia Irong khu vyc Bien Ddng dang quan tdm ngay cdng nhieu den kha nang boat dgng cua
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lire lugng hai quan, cdnh sat bien trong ca cdu cua lyc lugng qudc phdng. Vdi nhung ngudn lyc lu sy phat trien kinh le nhanh vd ben virng, cac qudc gia trong khu vyc Bien Ddng da cd mdt sd lugng ldn cdc phuang tien, thiet bj cho cuge chien tranh cdng nghe cao tren bien neu xdy ra gdm ca tdu ngdm, may bay liem kich ciia hai quan, khdng quan va cdc ldu chien lien tien dugc trang bj cdc he thdng ten lira tdm xa. Ben canh sir gia tang sd lugng tdu chien trong lyc lugng hdi qudn cua cac nudc trong khu vyc Bien Ddng, cdn cd nhirng thay ddi rdt ddng ke ve chat lugng, ngodi Trung Qudc vd Thdi Lan cd tau san bay, cdc qudc gia khdc cung dang trong qua trinh hien dai hod trang bj, vu khi va phuang lien cho cdc lyc lugng ldm nhiem vy tren bien nhu hdi quan, cdnh sdt bien.
O muc chien luge cao ban cdc qudc gia trong khu vyc Bien Ddng dang lo ngai ve mgt khodng trdng quyen lyc cd the phdt sinh trong khu vyc theo bat ky mgt sy cdt gidm ndo ddi vdi sy hien dien cua lyc lugng hdi qudn My vd ve sy phat trien sue manh lyc lugng hdi qudn tren thyc te ciia Trung Qudc. O muc do thdp ban ngoai Trung Qudc, cdc qudc gia cdn lai trong khu vyc Bien Ddng da nhdn thdy cdc Igi ich tren bien, ke cd nhirng yeu sdch ve khdng gian, dja chien luge vd ngudn tdi nguyen thien nhien tren bien.
An ninh kinh te Idu ddi cua khu vyc vd cdc cudng qudc ve hang hdi cd Igi ich d khu vyc Bien Ddng se phu thudc vao ddng chdy cua mdu djch ty do, dieu ma trong tinh hudng xdy ra xung dot vu trang se lam dnh hudng khdng nhd den sy van chuyen hang hod qua khu vyc Bien Ddng.
Trudc day, viec kiem sodt hdng hdi vd bdo ve cdng tdc van tdi ciia tdu thuyen hdu nhu ddnh cho cdc cudng qudc ve hdng hdi tren the gidi.
NhOng vin di KINH it VA C H I N H TRj TH^ GIOI S6 9(185) 201T
Cac bien phap xay dyng Idng tin vd an ninh. Nguyin Thanh Minh nhung trong bdi canh hien nay, dieu dd da dugc
chia se ddi vdi sy quan tdm cua cac qudc gia ven bien ndi chung, cung nhu ddi vdi cac qudc gia trong khu vyc Bien Ddng ndi rieng. Cdn cd mgt mdi quan tam khac nua ma cac quoc gia xung quanh Bien Ddng dang dc cap tdi, dd la cdc ngudn ldi nguyen ngoai khoi, dac bicl la khu vimg day Bien Ddng dugc danh gid la cd trir lugng ldn ve dau md va khi dot.
Trong bdi cdnh hiCMi nay, a khu \ irc Bien Ddng dang cd nhieu lyc lugng boat dgng nhu: hai quan, cdnh sdt bien \a cac lyc lugng ban via trang khac nhu kiem ngu, hdi giam thyc thi nhiem vu tren bien cung vdi mgt so lugng ngay cdng Idn cua cac thiet bi chien ddu tren mdt bien nhu ldu ngdm vd mdy bay tiem kich. Dieu dd cho thay, d day se cd mgt cuge chay dua vu trang cua lyc lugng hdi qudn, cdnh sdt bien giira cdc nudc trong khu vyc, neu cdc hdnh dgng don phuang xdm pham chu quyen vimg bien cua cdc qudc gia khdc vd cdc hdnh vi vi pham ludt bien qudc te khdng dugc ngan chdn vd gidi quyet kjp thdi. Sy phat trien co cdu cua lyc lugng hdi qudn, cdnh sat bien vd mdt sd lyc lugng khdc thyc thi nhiem vy tren bien trong bdi cdnh hien nay d khu vyc Bien Ddng Id ket qud cua sy tang trudng sue manh kinh te, cua ly do chien luge dugc nhdn thuc vd cua sy ty ve, phdng thu cua cdc nudc.
Sy that cho thdy, cdc chuang trinh pbdl trien, cdc bien phdp xdy dyng ldng tin giiJa cdc qudc gia Iai dang dugc trien khai trong mgt bdu khdng khi cdng thdng, phuc tap vd cd phdn thieu sy tin tudng Ian nhau do tuong doi thilu sy hieu biet Ian nhau. Trong khi cd mgt mirc do bdt an nhu vdy, d khu vyc Bien Ddng cdn cd nhimg nguyen nhdn khdc Idm cho khu vyc trd nen cdng thdng phuc tap, nhu viec vi pham cdc nguyen tdc co bdn ciia luat biln qudc ll hien dai, cdc hdnh dgng don phuang vi pham chu quyen bien ddo do quan diem khdc nhau vl chu quyen lanh thd ciia moi qudc gia vdn cdn tdn tai. Nhirng nguyen nhdn dd cd tbl dan din sy xung dot via trang tilm tdng, de gay bdt dn djnh trong khu vyc.
Ben canh dd, cdn cd mdt nguy ca khdc nira, do la sy hieu lam boat dgng giira cdc lyc lugng hdi qudn, canh sdt biln dugc trang bj cdc tdu chien dau mat nudc, ldu ngdm vd mdy bay cua cdc quoc gia trong khu vyc Biln Ddng. Nguy co ndy cdn cao ban bdi sir cd mat cua cdc tdu ngdm, tdu san bay va cac he thdng ten lira tdm xa, nhihig thiet bj hien dai dd ddi hdi trinh dg ldm viec cdc chien binh phdi chinh xdc, he thdng chi huy va dieu hdnh phdi dal hieu qud cao, de trdnh mdc loi va linh loan nham lan khi lien hdnh cdc boat dgng nhu dien tap, huan luyen bdn dan that.
Do dd, vice theo dudi cdc bien phdp xay dyng ldng tin thdng qua cdc thod thudn tudn tra chung, nghien cuu khoa hgc bien, phdi hgp dam bao an lodn hang hdi, hgp tdc dau tranh chong cudp bien, cudp cd vu trang d khu vyc Bien Ddng ndi rieng vd khu vyc chdu A Thdi Binh Duong ndi chung la nhu cdu cdp thiet, cdn dugc trien khai thyc hien theo dung Id trinh, qua cac dien dan dam phdn song phuang vd da phuang trong bdi cdnh hien nay.
2. Ban chat cua cac bien phap xay dumg long tin tren bien
Cdc qudc gia trong khu \ yc Bien Ddng can phdn biet cdc bien phdp xay dyng Idng tin tren bien vdi cdc bien phdp chung, nhdm kiem soat vii khi cua lyc lugng hdi qudn, cdnh sdt bien bao gdm cd cdc bien phdp cd tinh co cdu de han che bode gidm bdt sd lugng hodc chat lugng cua cac thiet bi. Cdc qudc gia trong khu vyc can thong bdo cho nhau khd ndng hoat dgng cua lyc lugng hdi qudn, cdnh sdt bien cimg cdc bien phdp tac chien vd can phdi gidi han cdc hoat dgng hai quan, cdnh sdt bien trong cdc viihg bien thuoc chu quyen vd quyen chu quyin cua moi quoc gia, khdng dugc vi pham chu quyin, quyen chii quyen ciia quoc gia khdc.
Nhihig de nghj ve kiem sodt cdc trang thiet bj, vu khi qudc phdng, tinh minh bach trong chinh sdch qudc phdng, an ninh vd chu truang ciia cdc qudc gia ve hod binh vd gidi quyet cac tranh chap chu quyen bien, ddo Id nen tdng quan trgng de xdy dyng long tin giOa cdc qudc gia 6 -NhOng vin di KINH T^ VA C H I N H TRj IHt GIOI S6 9(185) 2011
Nguyin Thanh Minh Cdc bien phap xay dyng Idng tin va an ninh...
trong khu vyc Bien Ddng. Phdi hgp thyc hien cdc bien phdp xay dirng ldng tin thdng qua cdc thod thuan tuan tra chung, nghien ciru khoa hgc bien chung, hgp tac dau tranh chdng cudp bien, cudp cd vii trang, phdi hgp cung nhau tim kiem cull hg, cuu nan tren bien, la nhirng bien phap xay dyng ldng tin de lam giam nguy co xung dot vd khdng cdn cdc boat ddng don phuong gay phuang hai den lgi ich cua cdc qudc gia khac.
Trong bdi cdnh hien na>. vi linh phuc tap cua tinh hinh d Bien Ddng dang cd nhieu dien bien cang thdng gay quan ngai cho khu vyc va the gidi, ddc biet la quan diem cua cdc qudc gia ve tranh chap chu quyen bien, dao. ty do hang hdi, khai thdc tai nguNcn. nen cdc bien phap xay dimg long tin tren bien la each thirc lot nhat lam gidm cdc nguy co dan den xung dot vu trang, ddy Id nhiing van de cap thiet ciia khu vyc, phii hgp vdi xu the hgp tdc, hod binh, liuii nghj ciia khu vyc vd the gidi.
Cdc bien phdp xdy dyng ldng tin tren bien cd thi dugc dp dyng dudi nhieu dang khac nhau.
Chung cd the dugc dp dyng d cap do song phuang bode da phuang, khu vyc hay loan cdu.
Cdc bien phdp xdy dyng Idng tin cd the cd mgt myc tieu chinh trj. Vi dy, cdc thod thudn khdng dugc tiln hdnh cdc boat dgng dac biet nhu tap tran, dien tap bdn dan that tai mdt viing bien dang cd tranh chdp thyc sy chieu theo Cdng udc cua LHQ vl Ludt biln qudc tl nam 1982. Ddc biet yeu cdu cdc quoc gia trong khu vyc khdng dugc phdt triln mdt sd ky thudt chiln tranh tren biln nhat djnh, hodc phdi thyc hien nghiem chinh tuyen bd cua cdc ben ve irng xir d Bien Ddng DOC nam 2002, dl tiln tdi soan thao vd thdng qua Bd quy tdc ung xir a Bien Ddng COC vdo thdi gian thich hgp. N I U COC dugc soan thdo vd thdng qua thi COC se cd tinh chat phdp ly rang huge cao hon DOC. Mgt myc tieu khdc dl tang cudng xdy dyng long tin dd la cdc qudc gia xung quanh Biln Ddng can trao ddi thdng tin vl kilm soat hdng hdi, thdng bdo cho nhau bilt trudc vl ke hoach boat dgng hudn luyen, diin tap bdn dan that cua lyc lugng hdi qudn, cdnh sdt biln cua cdc qudc gia trong khu vyc.
Tuy nhien, cung cd mdt sd chdng eheo giua cac bien phap xay dirng ldng tin vdi kiem sodl vu khi, niu nhu cdc bien phap xdy dirng Idng tin ban chi cac boat dgng theo mdt each nao dd. Vi du, chi do vl quyin kilm soat vu khi nhu da dugc lam rd trong Cdng udc cua LHQ ve Ludt biln nam 1982 (UNCLOS), tren thyc tl diu Id mgt viec kilm sodt vii khi lan mdt bien phdp xay dirng ldng tin. UNCLOS dal ra nhirng gidi ban dac biet doi vdi tdu chiln khi chung thyc hien quyin qua lai vd hai, va quy djnh rang tdu ngdm phai ndi khi di qua vd hai d lanh hdi viing tilp gidp lanh hai cua cdc qudc gia ven bien, cdc qudc gia quan dao.
Bdi canh hien nay cd nhieu co hgi de dp dung cdc bien phap xdy dyng ldng lin Iren bien dugc djnh hudng ve mat chinh trj d khu vyc Biln Ddng. Cac bien phdp cd trien vgng thdnh cdng la nhimg bien phap cd co sd rd rang trong cac boat ddng thyc tl cua cac lyc lugng hdi quan, canh sat biln, khdng quan trong khu vyc thyc hien kl hoach dinh ky hdng nam, ngodi ra cdc qudc gia cdn phdi thdng bdo cho nhau biet ve cac kl hoach dien tap ban dan that tren bien.
Hien nay, cd hai khd nang dd Id cd mgt che do kilm soat va an todn hdng hdi trong khu vyc Bien Ddng vd mgt che do hgp tdc khu vyc nhdm trdnh dung do, bien cd song phuang tren bien.
3. Kiem soat va dam bao an toan hang hai Trong bdi cdnh hien nay, d khu vyc Bien Ddng can cd mdt co che hgp tdc giiia cdc qudc gia ve kiem sodt vd an toan hdng hdi todn dien, nhirng nhiem vy ndy bao gdm kiem sodt hdng hdi, ke cd viec thanh lap mdt bdng chay tdu cho tdt cd cac tdu trong khu vyc, cdn phdi dp dyng chi do ndy vdo bdt ky thdi gian ndo. Lap ke hoach kilm sodt boat dgng cua hdi qudn, cdnh sat bien chu yeu Id boat ddng diin tap bdn dan that, tap tran vd cdc boat dgng nhdm bdo ve cdc tdu thuyen di qua khu vyc Bien Ddng.
Cdc qudc gia can chung sue theo ddi cdc hoat ddng bdt hgp phdp, gdm cd budn ldu, cudp bien, cudp cd vii trang, di cu bat hgp phdp, hay hdnh vi ddnh cd vi pham chu quyen vd quyen chu NhOng vin di KINH T^ VA CHJNH TRj IHt GIOI S6 9(185) 2011-
Cac bien phap xay dyng Idng tin va an ninh. Nguyin Thanh Minh quyen ciia qudc gia khac, de cd c;ich Ihirc phdi
hgp cimg nhau giai quyet cac su vu lien ihdng qua bien phap ngoai giao ho;i binh \a dua Ircn cac nguyen lac co ban cua luat bicMi qudc tc hien dai.
Phdi hgp boat dgng chdng cuap bicMi can phai dugc thudng xuyen tien hanh, tiac biet hi ir khu vyc eo bien Singapore \ a eo bien Malacca.
Tang cirdng cdng lac phdi hgp hao dam an loan hang hai dgc ihco nhung luscn dudng bien iilidn nlijp cd sd lugng ldn lau thu>'en qua lai trong khu MIC. KICMU soat \a theo ddi d nhiem mdi trudng bien, va chung sire lien hdnh c;ic boat ddng xu ly d nhiem mdi trucrng bicn Iheo \cu cau cua lual bien, ddc biet cac qudc gia trong khu virc cimg chia sc cac thdng lin \a ihdng bdo linh hinh NC boat ddng hang hdi va cac boat dgng dan phuang cua minh nhu dien lap, huan luyen bdn dan that tren tren bien cho cac qudc gia khac nam rd tinli hinh trdnh sy hieu lam.
Cac boat ddng cd sy phdi hgp nhu dien tap, hudn lu\en, ludn tra chung tren bien gida cdc nudc ban ddu se khd thyc hien va chua dugc sdn sdng chap nhdn ddi vdi tdt ca cac boat dgng dd. vi do cac nudc chua thyc sir hieu nhau, tin tudng ldn nhau. Nhung dd Id mdt sy ggi y ve nhung boat dgng cd ich cho viec tang cudng xdy dyng ldng lin giiia cdc qudc gia, nhdm tranh cdc bien cd song phuang cd the xdy ra tren biln.
Nguge lai, viec thiet lap ke hoach cho cac boat ddng mang tinh chdt don phuang vd nhay cam nhu huan luyen bdn dat that, dien tap trong thdi diem md tinh hinh khu vyc Bicn Ddng cd nhiing dien bien phirc tap, Ihi viec tiln hanh thyc sy cac boat ddng phdi hgp ludn tra chung, dien tap chung ciia lyc lugng hai quan, canh sdt bien, nghien eim khoa hgc biln chung sc lam gidm bgt tinh hinh cdng Ihdng trong bdi canh hien nay d khu vyc Bien Ddng
Lgi ich ve bien phdp xdy dyng an ninh va ldng tin ddi vdi cdc qudc gia trong khu virc Bien Ddng hien nay rdt quan trgng nhdm tao mgt mdi trudng hod binh, dn dinli dl ciing nhau phdt triln kinh tl. Tuy nhien, cung cd mdt so khd khan nhat djnh trong viec tao lap cdc boat dgng ma khdng mang lai lgi ich chung cho loan
the cac quoc gia trong khu vyc. Nhu sy ddnh bat ca bat hgp phap cua ngu dan cua cdc qudc gia xung quanh Bicn Ddng, cac hdnh vi xdm pham vimg bicn Ihugc chu quyin va quyen chu quyen ciia qudc gia khac de thdm dd ngudn tdi nguyen bicn, day la nhirng ITnh vyc dan den sy bat ddng ve lgi ich giiia cac qudc gia him quan vd ldm cho khu vyc tnr nen cang thang, dc gay bat dn.
Mac du cd nhiing khd khan tren, nhung se cd nhiing Igi ich rd rang lir che do an todn hdng hai va kilm soat cac banh dgng don phuang gdy bat on trong khu vyc, neu cac qudc gia trong khu vuc BiCn Ddng tien hanh hgp lac xdy dyng Idng lin thdng qua cac co che hoat dgng cd sy hgp Uic cung nhau nhu; nghien cuu khoa hgc bien chung, luan tra chung giiia cdc lyc lugng lam nhiem vu tren bien, phdi hgp tim kiem curu hg, cuu nan iren biC-n.
Cac thod thudn ve ludn tra chung. nghien cihi khoa hgc bicMi chung, phdi hgp ddu tranh chdng cudp bien, cudp cd \ u trang, phdi hgp tim kiem eim hg vd ciru nan giua cdc qudc gia trong khu vyc se cai thien viec kiem sodt cdc vung bien trong khu \ ye Bien Ddng mgt cdch cd hieu qua vd phu hgp \di cdc ngu\en tdc co bdn ciia luat bien qudc te hien dai dac biel Id Cdng udc cua LHQ vl Ludl bicn ndm 1982.
Cdn \e mat chien luge, mgt co che hgp tac qudc te nhu va\ la dieu minh chung cho sy chuan bj san sang cua ciic nudc Uong khu vyc Bien Ddng lien ldi mdt gidi phdp hod binh cimg nhau hanh dgng, nhdm bdo ddm an ninh, an todn hang hai, gdp phdn gin giii mdi tnrdng bien hod binh, dn dinh Uong khu \ uc de phat trien kinh te.
Su Ihanh cdng cua Hiep djnh Xd My da de lai bai hgc kinh nghiem cho cdc qudc gia ven bien Irong qud trinh xay dyng Idng tin de tim ra phuang thirc tdi im cho viec gidi quyet tranh chdp chu quyen bien ddo thdng qua bien phap hgp tdc ngoai giao hod binh, dieu dd da ddn den nlitrng ggi y ve cdc thod thudn da phuang va song phuang ddi vdi khu vyc Bien Ddng.
Thod thudn giiia Viet Nam vd Malaysia ve viing khai thdc chung ndm 1992, thod thudn yl 8 -NhOng vin di KINH T^ VA CHJNH TR| IHt GIOI So 9(185) 2011
Nguyin Thanh Minh Cac bien phdp xay dyng Idng tin va an ninh..
tudn tra chung giiia lyc lugng Hai quan Viet Nam vd lyc lugng Hai quan Trung Qudc, thod thuan ve tuan tra chung giira lyc lugng Cdnh sat bien Viet Nam vd lyc lugng Kilm ngu Trung Qudc, thod thuan ve tuan tra chung giiia lyc lugng Hdi quan Viet Nam vdi lyc lugng Hdi quan Hodng gia Thai Lan, thod thuan vl tudn tra chung giiia lyc lugng Cdnh sdt biln Viet Nam vdi lyc lugng Cdnh sdt bien Campuchia, tliod thudn vl nghien cuu khoa hgc biln chung giua Viet Nam, Trung Qudc vd Philippines. Day Id nliung thod thudn lan ddu lien da dugc thyc hien mdt each hod binh vd tdn trgng Idn nhau giira cdc qudc gia d khu vyc Bien Ddng dien ra trong mdt thap nien vira qua, cdc thod thuan dd da gdp phdn lam gidm bdt sy cdng thang vd tdng cudng sy hieu bilt lan nhau, ngi dung ciia cdc thod thudn dd ciing dugc xem Id tien de cho viec tien tdi dam phdn hod binh, nham gidi quyet vdn de phdn djnh bien hien nay giiia cdc nudc.
De thyc hien cdc thod thudn hgp ldc qudc tl ve tuan tra chung, nghien ciiu khoa hgc biln chung se gap mgt sd van de trd ngai nhu sau:
Nhiing ngi dung cua cdc thod thudn song phuang ve tudn tra chung giiia cdc nudc trong khu vyc Bien Ddng chua thyc sy dugc cdc qudc gia trong khu vyc Bien Ddng de cao vd duy tri thudng xuyen. Cdc thod thuan dd chua dugc phd bien mgt cdch rgng rai ddi vdi cdc qudc gia cd yeu sach chu quyen trong khu vyc Bien Ddng.
Mat khdc, cdc thod thudn dd chua trd thdnh hinh mau chung cho tdt cd cdc qudc gia trong khu vyc Bien Ddng, mdt sd qudc gia khdc chua sdn sang de tien hdnh cdc bien phdp gay dyng Idng tin thdng qua cdc thod thudn ve tuan tra chung, nghien cuu khoa hgc bien chung, mgt sd qudc gia den nay vdn chua tham dy vdo cdc boat dgng tudn tra chung, nghien cuu khoa hgc bien chung ciia khu vyc nhu Malaysia, Singarpore.
Cdc thod thuan dd chi gidi ban d cdc boat dgng tren cdc vimg bien ke can hodc chdng lan, trong khi dd cdc vimg bien ma cdc qudc gia cd yeu sdch chu quyen hau nhu khdng dugc thyc hien. Vi vdy, cd the coi cdc thod thudn Id mgt sy
gidi ban ca ve quyen cua cac qudc gia ven bien cd lien quan ciing nhu sy ty do qua lai vd hai cua tdu thuyen cdc nude khdc theo ludt hdng hdi vd luat bien qudc te hien dai trong cac viing bien ciia khu vyc Bien Ddng. Bdi vi Irong liic phdi hgp dien tap, tuan tra chung thi khu vyc bien dd bj gidi nghiem ddi vdi cdc phuang tien van tai bien mudn hdnh trinh qua khu vyc.
Thanh cdng cua cdc thod thudn hien hanh chi mang tinh chdt song phuong giiia hai qudc gia, chua cd sy phdi hgp da phuang trong khu vyc Bien Ddng, trong tuong lai, cdn cd sy phdi hgp tudn tra chung vdi sy cd mat cua nhieu qudc gia tham dy. Mat khac, lgi ich ciia nhieu qudc gia
1 r
Irong boat ddng tren bien cdn khac nhau, den ndi khdng the thyc hien dugc cdc thod thudn mang tinh chat da phuang.
Cac boat ddng ngdm dudi nudc cua tdu ngam bj loai ra khdi nhiing thod thudn ve bien cd tren bien hien hanh cd lien quan den hdi quan cua mdt sd cudng qudc, nhung trong bdi cdnh hien nay, cdn xem xet viec dua chiing vdo bdt cu mdt thod thuan khu vyc ndo nhdm tdng cudng xay dung Idng tin. Ddi vdi sy boat ddng an todn dudi mat nudc cua tdu ngdm se Id mdt mdi quan tam dac biet vd cd the cdn phdi xem xet den viec thiet lap mgt co quan tu vdn ve boat dgng cho tdu ngdm trong khu vyc Bien Ddng tien hdnh theo trinh ty thu tyc md hien nay dang dugc hdi qudn NATO vd hdi qudn cdc nudc Tay Au khdc dp dyng, dd Id co che thdng bdo thdng tin ve sy boat dgng cua tdu ngdm, thdi gian, khu vyc vd myc dich boat dgng. Hien nay, co quan loai ndy cua My vd ddng minh dugc dat tai Yokosuka, Nhdt Bdn.
4. Cac bien phap xay dyng long tin tren bien va luat bien quoc te
Cdc bien phdp xdy dyng Idng tin tren bien cd lien quan mat thiet quan trgng den ludt bien vi tat cd cdc qudc gia trong khu vyc Bien Ddng diu cd mdi quan tam rieng ddi vdi ludt bien. Tren 160 qudc gia da ky Cdng udc ndm 1982 cua LHQ vl Ludt bien, trong khu vyc Biln Ddng, Philippines vd Indonesia Id nhiing qudc gia qudn ddo ciing NhOng vin di KINH Tl^ VA CHJNH TRj TH^ GIOI S6 9(185) 201T
Cac bien phap xdy dyng Idng tin vd an ninh. Nguyin Thanh Minh da phe ehudn Cdng udc nam 1982 nhdm cd gang
hit sire dl cd dugc lgi ich md rgng vung bicn do Cdng udc 1982 mang lai.
Cac che do vc quycMi qua lgi ct) bicn, vc vimg ddc quyen kinh Ic \ a qudc gia quan dao rat quan trgng d khu vyc Bicn Ddng. Tuy nhiC'ii, day cung la ITnh \ ye ton lai nhung dieu b;it dn nhicu nhat \c cac khia canh giao ihdng hang hai ciia ludt bien. Vi du, nhiing \ an de chua dugc giai quyel nhu tranh chap chu quyen ve bicn, dao cd lien quan den cac khia canh hang hai qudc le cua ludt bien da dugc xac djnh nhu sau:
Mat la, qu\en qua lai vd hai ciia lau hai qudn, canh sdt bien qua vung lanh hai, trong mdt pham \ i hep ban Id quyen qua lai cdc co bien qudc le vd cdc tuyen dudng bien quan ddo di qua cdc viing nudc cua qudc gia quan ddo, vd ddc biet Id lieu sy qua lai dd cd phdi Id ddi tugng md cdc qudc gia ven bien yeu cau phdi cd sy thdng bdo trudc cho hg, hay thdm chi la phdi dugc hg cho phep trudc hay khdng.
Hai Id, bdn chat cua che do tdi phdn cd the dp dyng cho viing ddc quyen kinh le da dugc UNCLOS ggi Id che do rieng, vd sy lien quan cua nd tdi ty do hdng hdi qudc tl, ddc biet Id ddi vdi cdc tdu hdi qudn, cdnh sdt bien.
Ba Id, sy cdn bdng ve quyen cua cac qudc gia ven bien vd cdc qudc gia sir dung trong vung nudc qudn ddo, vd ddc biet Id mdi quan he giira quyen qua lai ban che cdc tuyIn dudng biln quan ddo vdi quyen qua Iai vd hai trong cdc viing nudc qudn ddo, khd ndng dp dyng cac quy ehudn cua UNCLOS nhu Id ludt thdng le qudc te, ddc biet Id mure do md cdc qudc gia ngodi hiep djnh cd the yeu cdu dugc hudng mdt sd Igi ich cua mgt so quyen mdi do UNCLOS Idp ra, ddc biet Id quyen qua Iai cdc eo bien qudc te vd cdc tuyen dudng bien qudn ddo.
Nhiing dilu ndy cd tbl se Iai xudt hien trong pham vi cua mgt vdi bien phdp xdy dyng ldng tin tren bien cd the dugc xem xet dh dp dyng cho khu vyc Bien Ddng trong bdi cdnh hien nay.
Mgt ly do khdc cho thdy, trong he thdng ludt bien qudc te hien dai cdc bien phdp xdy dyng
ldng lin tren biln rat quan trgng, vi cdch nhin doi vdi luat bien trong khu vyc Bien Ddng co phdn khac nhau giira cdc qudc gia cd yeu sdch chu quyen. Cd the thay, khi nguoi Bde My hodc ngudi chfiu Au ndi ve cdc vdn de cua ludt bien Ihi each nhin ciia hg duimg nhu Id bao gom tat cd cac quoc gia ven bien vdi mgt viing duyen hdi cd gidi ban (lanh hdi, viing tiep gidp lanh hdi vd viing dac quyen kinh tc) dugc bao quanh bdi cdc viing bien quoc te rgng Idn. Trgng tdm cua hg Id hdi phan qudc te dd la sy quan tdm hdng ddu.
Tai khu vyc Bicn Ddng trgng tdm ciia cac qudc gia cd phan hoi khdc vd tiiy theo timg giai doan ljeh sir khac nhau md trgng lam ciia cac quoc gia cd phan khac nhau, trong dd ty do tren bien to ra tuong ddi il quan trgng. Tuy nhien, budc vao thdp nien ddu cua the ky XXI da cd sy dieu chinh vc chien luge qudc gia \e bien cua cdc qudc gia xung quanh Bien Ddng. Dieu d6 cd the dugc ggi Id each nhin tir trong ra ngodi.
Phan ldn sy quan tam dugc tap trung vdo quyen cua cdc qudc gia ven bien \e vimg lanh hdi va vimg ddc quyen kinh te ciia hg, ddc biet Id cac vimg nudc qudn ddo \ a vimg ddc quyen kinh te.
Ly do cua sy khdc biet trgng tdm cd the thay dugc tir ban do cua khu virc Bien Ddng. \'di cdc viing nudc quan ddo lien sdt nhau \a cdc \Tjng dac quyen kinh te 200 hdi ly \e quanh cdc quoc gia ven bien \ a cac hdn ddo thi chi cdn tuong ddi it vimg ldnh hdi qudc le theo dimg nghia cua nd.
Nhung thirc le da chimg minh, khi bien phap xa> dyng ldng tin tren bicMi hod hgp vdd luat bien qudc te hien dai, ddc biet Id Cdng udc cua LHQ ve Luat bien ndm 1982, thi chiing khdng ngan cdn ty do boat dgng cua cdc lyc lugng hai qudn, cdnh sdt bien cua cdc nudc trong vimg bien qudc te. Vi cdn cd nhiing cdch nhin khdc nhau ve ludt bien vd cho den nay hdu het cac bien phdp xdy dyng long tin tren biln ra ddi tuong ddi chdm so vdi cdc khu vyc khdc tren the giai ddi vai cdc quoc gia ven bd Biln Dong, vd cdc bien phdp xay dyng Idng tin dugc dp dung Id khong de ddng, ddi hdi phdi cd thdi
t r *
gian de cdc qudc gia tiep can.
10 -NhOng vin di KINH it MA CHJNH TR! TH^ GIOI So 9(185) 2011
Nguyin Thanh Minh Cac bien phap xay dyng Idng tin va an ninh...
Ngay giai doan tir nam 1984 1985 theo dl nghj cua Tdng thu ky LHQ, mgt nhdm cdc chuyen gia da tien hdnh mgt cdng trinh nghien cuu todn dien ve cuge chay dua vii Irang tren bien, vdi y djnh phan tich nhiing mdi quan he ve an ninh bien qudc te, ty do tren vung bien qudc te, ve cdc tuyen dirdng bien qudc le va ve viec khai thdc cdc ngudn lai nguyen bien.
Nghien ciru nay da gdp phan xac djnh cac vung bien cd kha ndng lien hdnh cac bien phap xay dirng ldng tin tren bien va viec giai quyel cac bat ddng ve chu quyen bien ddo. Cdng trinh nghien ciai ddc biet lo ngai trudc viec lual bien qudc le hien dai, luat \'e chien tranh hai qudn va cdc hiep djnh \'e kiem sodl \u khi, dac biet la Hiep udc Kiem sodl vd khi dudi day bien khdng cd sy hdi hod vdi nhau. Ludt bien la mdt bd phdn cua ludt qudc le quan tdm den cd cdc viing nudc quan ddo, cdc vimg dac quyen kinh te, viec qua lai cdc eo bien... Trong khi mgt sd ludt ve chien tranh hdi qudn da dugc dy thdo tir nhieu nam trudc vd khdng phdn anh dugc nhiing sy phdt trien to ldn cua ky thuat cua lyc lugng hdi qudn trong nhiing thdp ky gdn day.
Nghien cuu nay ciing chi ra rang, tu tudng ve sir dyng bien mgt each hod binh la tu ludng dugc quy djnh trong UNCLOS, cd vdi tu each la mdt nguyen tac chung (Dieu 301) Ian trong quan he vdi viing bien qudc te (Dieu 88), vdi viing dac quyen kinh te (Dieu 58), vdi viing day biln qudc te (Dieu 141), ke cd nhiing tram dac biet dugc xdy dyng trong viing ndy (Dieu 147), va vdi nghien ciiu khoa hgc bien (Dieu 240).
Sau khi LHQ cdng bd cdng trinh nghien cun ndi tren thi mgt sd hgc gid da md rdng nghien cuu sang cdc mdi quan he cua ludt bien vd cac bien phdp xay dyng long tin tren bien. Trong boi cdnh hien nay, mdt sd hgc gid da coi UNCLOS Id nin tang ludt bien qudc te hien dai dl dya vdo dd xay dyng cac sang kien ve kiem sodt vii khi trong tuong lai. Tuy nhien, nhiing quan dilm khdc thi than trgng hon, mdt sd quan dilm cua cdc hgc gid trong khu vyc Bien Ddng da lap ludn rdng, mgt che do xdy dyng ldng tin dya tren cdc dilu khodn rieng biet cua Cdng udc ve
luat biln nam 1982 se ddn den mdt loat khd khan vl cd phdp ly lan chiln luge Iheo nghTa rdng nhdl ciia ngdn tir. Mdi lo ldng dd la cac bien phdp xdy dyng ldng lin Iren biln cd the Ihiel lap mdt dang
"quyin tdi phdn dang sg", ma hieu lyc tren het Id cac qudc gia ven bien se ldng dugc quyen kiem sodl ddi vdi cac viing nudc phu can vd ban che quyen qua lai cua cac tdu chien nudc ngodi den boat ddng Irong cac viing nudc lanh hai, tiep gidp lanh hai va vung dac quyen kinh te.
Cac mdi quan ngai cua cac qudc gia trong khu vyc Bien Ddng do cac hanh ddng don phuong gay bat dn tinh hinh khu vyc Bien Ddng cd the dugc gidi quyet bang bien phdp xdy dyng ldng lin giiia cdc qudc gia trong .vhu vyc thdng qua cdc thoa thuan tuan tra chung, nghien ciru khoa hgc bien chung, phdi hgp dau tranh chdng cudp bien, cudp cd vu trang. Cdc bien phdp nay cd the dugc chap nhdn khi vd chi khi dp dung cho vimg bien cd sy tranh chap that sy, trir khi phdi thira nhdn rang cdc vimg ddc quyen kinh le ciing cdu thdnh "cac vimg bien qudc tl" vi muc dich dd. Mat khdc, cdc qudc gia ven bien tren the gidi vd Irong khu vyc, it nhdt Id ban dau, cd the se khdng tdn thdnh cdc bien phdp dp dung cho nhiing vimg nudc ndi thiiy, lanh hdi vd vimg tiep gidp lanh hdi, hodc cdc vimg nudc qudn ddo ciia cdc qudc gia ven bien vd qudc gia quan dao, cho du thyc te la chii quyen ciia hg ddi vdi hai khu vyc dac quyen kinh te vd Idnh hai bj han che bdi quyen qua lai vd hai, bdi quyen qua lai eo bien vd qua lai tren cdc dudng bien qudn dao Iheo quy djnh cua Cdng udc 1982.
Khu vyc Bien Ddng cd the thich hgp cho che do an loan vd kiem sodl hang hdi, cdc qudc gia trong khu vyc Bien Ddng cd viing ldnh hdi rdng ldn do lgi ich cua Cdng udc 1982 mang lai.
Khu vyc Bien Ddng bao quat cdc tuyen dudng bien chien luge sdng cdn vd cdc "diem nut cd chai" giiia chau A va Bac Australia. Khd khdn ddi vdi vimg nay Id nd cd the bao gdm hai qudn ddo Hodng Sa vd Trudng Sa cua Viet Nam trong khu vyc Bien Ddng dang Id muc tieu tranh chap ve chu quyen cua nhieu qudc gia xung quanh khu vyc Bien Ddng. Ve quan ddo NhOng vin di KINH T^ VA CHJNH TRj TH^ GIOI S6 9(185) 2011- 11
Cdc bien phap xay dyng Idng tin yaan^niiih. Nguyin Thanh Minh Hoang Sa thudc chu quyen cua Vict Nam bicn
nay Trung Quoc dang chicm ddng Irai phep, qudn dao Trirdng Sa hicMi nay la iKvi Iranh chap giua 5 nudc 6 ben. Trong ciiui Irinh gl;ii qu>el tranh chap trudc UCMI cac qudc gia can phai cd sy hieu bill, lin cay lan nhau Ihdng qua c;ic bicn phdp xay dyng ldng lin, ldn trgng c;ic nguyen ific ciia lual phap quoc tc. dac bicl hi Cdng udc cua l.HQ \'e Lual bien nam 1')<S2.
Ket luan
Hien tai chua the dua ra dugc nhdng cau Ira ldi 10 rang cho nhirng \an dc da dugc neu len.
nghien cuu chi dua ra nhirng cach thuc liep can nhdm xay dyng long lin giira cac qudc gia trong khu vuc Biln Ddng. dac biet la thdng qua cac tliod thuan NI phdi hgp boat dgng nhu: trao ddi thdng lin, luan tra chung \a diC-n lap cua ceic lyc lugng hdi qudn, canh sdt bicn va phdi hgp kiem sodl an todn hdng hai. Cac van de lien quan deu rdt phirc tap vd cdn cd nhieu ITnh vyc lien quan din nhilu lgi ich vd mdu thuan lan nhau giiia cac qudc gia trong khu vyc Bien Ddng. Bdi vay. cdc qudc gia trong khu vyc Bien Ddng can phdi xem xet tdt cd cdc nhdn td ve chien thudt, chien luge vd
chinh ni cung vdi cdc nhan Id ndy sinh tir li^t biln quoc te hien dai vd tu viec dp dung ludt biln cua Ciic qudc gia trong khu vyc Bien Ddng.
Nhung da cd mgt nhu cau ngay cdng tdng doi vdi cac bicn phap xay dyng ldng tin tren bien trong khu virc Bicn Ddng, cho nen cdc qudc gia huu quan can lien hanh cac cudc hgi thao quoc te va khu vuc vl van de nay. Mgt each cd the lam dugc dieu nay la bat dau bang vdi cuge thao luan giua cac lyc lugng hai quan. cdnh sdt bien cua Ciic quoc gia Irong khu vyc ve khia canh chien ihual cua cac bien phdp xay dyng Idng tin tren bicn. Cac ngi dunjj de thdo luan la nhOmg van dc ma thyc lien yeu cdu nhdm giam bdt nguy ccr xung dot lai Bicn Ddng va tang cudng sy hieu biet lan nhau nhu: hgp lac trong viec kiem soat hang hai, tudn Ira chung, ihao luge dien lap, hgp lac bao vc van tdi bien. nghien ciru khoa hgc bien chung... Mdt bien phdp xay dyng Idng lin IrC-n bicn khd dT Id khdi xudng mot cudc ddi thoai vdi myc dich dat den sy hieu bill chung dh phdi hgp boat dgng trong khu vyc, nhirng khia canh tren vdn chua dugc cac quoc gia trong khu vyc Bicn Ddng thyc hien mot each cd hieu qua*
Tai lieu tham khao:
1. Bg trudng Bd Qudc phdng Viet Nam Phiing Quang Thanh lai Hgi nghj an ninh chdu .A lan thu 10 td chirc tai Singapore ngav 5 thang 6 nam 2011.
2. Thir trudng Ngoai giao Le Luang Minh, Bai phat bieu lai Hgi nghi ldn thir 21 cua cdc qudc gia ihdnh vien Cdng uac 1982 Id chirc tai NewYork. My tir ngay 13 den 17 thang 6 ndm 2011.
3. Thu tudng Nguyen Tan Dung bai phat bieu \e Bao ve chu quyen vd quyen ldi phdn cua I iet Nam Iren cdc viing bien vd hai ddo cua Td qudc. nhan kv ni$m tuan le bien va hdi ddo Viet Nam nam 2011, ngdy 8 thdng 6.
4. Nguyen Thanh Minh (2011): Cde nguyen ldc ca ban ciia Chien luge bien Viet Nam, Tap chi Nghien eim Ddng Nam A, sd (8).
5. Nguyen Thanh Minh (2011): Tii^tn ndng bien Viet Nam vd chinh sdch hgp ldc qudc te ve bien trong thdp nien ddu thi} ky XXI. NXB. Trudng Dai hgc Kinh te Qudc dan. Ha Ngi.
6. R. Deyanov (1990): The Role and Security Objective of Confidence Building Measures at Sea, UN, Department for Disarmament Affairs, Naval Confidence Building Measures.
7. Tdi lieu tham khdo Ky yeu hgi thao qudc gia ldn thir 2 ve Bien Dong (2011).
8. Tdi lieu tham khdo Ky yeu hgi thdo qudc te ve Bien Ddng (2010).
12 -NhOng vin di KINH T^ VA CHJNH TR! IHt GIOI So 9(185) ''Oil
