CAC YEU TO ANH HlTOfNG VA GIAI PHAP DAY MANH LIEN KET PHAT TRIEN DU LICH
TRONG BOI CANH HIEN NAY
Ngay nhan 03/6/2020 Ngay nhan ban siia: 30/8/2020 Ngay duyet dang, 05/9/2020
Nguyln Minh Tuan Trudng Dai hgc Hiing Vuang Email: tuan.tccb.hv@gmail com
Tom tit:
Lien ket phdt tnen viing du lich cho phep khai thac nhimg lai the so sanh vi tdi nguyen du lich, ve hq tdng, ca sd vdt chdt ky thuqt vd cdc ngudn luc khac cua vung ndi chung vd cua cdc dia phuang trong viing tham gia lien ket cho phdt trien du lich cua viing. Viec lien kit phdt trien
viing du lich tdng khd ndng canh tranh vd Id yiu to quan trong de phdt triin du lich trong ca che thi tnrang khi yeu td canh tranh ngdy mdt trd nin gay gdt giira cdc lanh thd vd giira cdc doanh nghiep du lich. Theo do, nghiin ciru ndy fg.p trung phdn tich cac veu td dnh huang din viec thirc hien lien kit giira cdc viing du lich vdi nhau theo khia canh qudn ly nhd nuac (chinh sach, quy hoach, dan vi cung irng dich vu, ca sa hg tdng xd hgi...). Trinca saphdn tich cdc yiu td dnh huang, tdc gid dua ra mdt sd nhirng han chi, qua do de xudt mgt so gidi phdp day manh lien kit phdt trien viing du lich trong bdi canh hgi nhap hien nay. Cdc gidi phdp gdm ndng cao ndng luc vd hieu qud qudn ly nhd nuac; hoan thien cdc ca che, chinh sdch vi lien kit du lich;
lien kit de tao chudi cdc sdn phdm du lich ddc trung, chdt luang cao: day manh phdt trien kit cdu hq tdng kinh te xd hoi phuc vu lien kit, phdt triin du lich.
Tir khoa: Lien kdt, phat trien du lich, tai nguyen du lich, san pham du lich, hieu qua quan ly nha nude.
Ma JEL: L83, 0 1 9
Determinants and solutions for strengthening linkage of tourism development in the current context
Abstract:
In general, the connectivity of the development of the tourism area allows the exploitation of comparative advantages in tourism resources, infrastructure, technical facilities, and other resources of the region, and localities in the participating area's links for the region's tourism development. The integration of tourism area development increases competitiveness is a crucial factor m developing tourism in the market mechanism when competition factors become increasingly fierce between territories and tourism businesses. This paper focuses on analyzing determinants influencing the implementation of links between tourism areas concerning state management (policies, planning, service providers, and infrastructure).
Based on the analysis of determinants, some weaknesses are given and then some solutions are proposed to promote tourism development linkages in the context of the current integration such as capacity building and management efficiency country; complete mechanisms and policies on tourism links; link to create a series of typical and high-quality tourism products.
promote the development of socio-economic infrastructure in service of tourism integration and development.
Keywords. Linkage, tourism development, tourism resources, tourism products, management effectiveness.
JEL Codes: L83, 019
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1. Gidi thieu
Phat trien du lich thanh ITnh vuc kinh te miii nhgn da dugc Chinh phii \^et Nam va chinh quydn cac tinh xac dinh bi sdm. Trong bdi canh lien ket viing va hgi nhap quoc td da trd thanh ydu td quan b-gng, mang tinh quyet djnh kha Idn ddi vdi phat trien du lich ciia Viet Nam cung nhu ciia cac dia phuang. Chinh phii da chi d&o cac ca quan chiic nang d hrmg uong va cac dia phuong tridn khai lap quy hoach phat triSn du lich theo hudng nang cao hieu qua va phat tridn bdn vung va ban hanh hang loat chinh sach dd diy manh phat bidn du Ijch ciia Vi?t Nam.
Lien ket viing du lich dugc xem la mdt he thdng lien ket khdng gian ciia cac ddi tugng du lich va cac co sd dich vu cd lien quan dua tren viec sir dung tdi uu cac ngudn tai nguyen du lich, kdt cau ha ting va ca sd vat chat ky thuat va cac nhan td khac nhim dat dugc hieu qua cao nhit vh kinh te, xa hdi va mdi bndng hudng dfin su phat tridn bdn viing (Pham Trung Luong, 2016). Viec lien kit phat bidn viing du Hch cho phep khai thac nhiing Igi the so sanh ve tai nguyen du lich, ve ha ting, ca sd vat chit ky thuat va cac ngudn luc khac ciia virng ndi chung va cua cac dia phucmg ttong viing tham gia lien ket cho phat bidn du lich cua vung.
Vi?c lien ket se cho phep han che tdi da tinh trang manh miin va triing lap ve san pham du lich giiia cac dia phuong, Thay vao do sir lien ket se tao ra nhiing san pbim du Ijch dac trung chung cua viing, cd quy md va tinh hap din cao hon de tir dd nang cao dugc tinh canh tranh du lich chung cua virng du lich, dap ling nhu cau ngay cang cao ciia du khach. Sir ra ddi va boat dgng ciia cac td chirc nham ket ndi cac dia diem du lich la can thiet va mang lai bieu qua cao cho boat ddng lien ket (Ghimire, 2001). Ben canh do viec lien ket phat trien viing du lich cdn tao nen kha nang canh tranh cao bon ddi vdi cac ben lien quan nhim thu hut dau tu, thu hiit khach du lich den viing du lich cd tu each la mgt diem den thdng nhat va d6n lanh thd ciia timg dia phuang lien kdt. Lien kdt du lich dugc dl xuit nhu mdt phuang tien de giai quy6t cac cudc xung dot chinh tri bong khu vuc (Cathy & Zheng, 2008). Day la yeu td quan trgng de phat trien du lich trong co che thi trudng khi yeu td canh tranh ngay mgt trd nen gay gat giiia cac lanh thd va giira cac doanh nghiep du lich trong bdi canh hdi nhap bien nay.
d Viet Nam, ly luan va thuc tidn ve lien ket viing trong linh vuc du lich cdn mdi me, dac biet la trong bdi canh hien nay khi ma tinh phirc tap ciia Covid-19 ngay cang diln bien phirc tap. Van de lien ket virng du lich moi chii ydu dugc de cap den trong Chien luge phat trien du lich Viet Nam den nam 2020, tam nhin den nam 2030 (Tdng cue Du Hch Viet Nam, 2012a) va Quy hoach tdng thd phat trien du lich Viet Nam den nam 2020, tim nhin ddn nam 2030 (Tdng cue Du lich Viet Nam, 2012b), Trong dd chi rd giai phap phat huy the manh va tang cudng hen kk giiia cac viing, mien dia phuang hudng tdi hinh thanh san pham du lich dac trung theo cac vimg du lich. Cac nghien ciiu da sd tap bring phan tich thuc trang ve lien ket phat frien viing du lich, chua cd nhiing danh gia, nhan dinh vd cac yeu td anh hudng ve hieu qua quan ly nha nude doi vdi boat ddng lien kk, phat triSn viing du hch.
Trong nghien ciiu nay tac gia di sau vao phan tich vd cac yeu td anh hudng den hieu qua quan ly nha nude v6 du lich, tir dd dua ra cac giai phap nang cao hieu qua quan ly nha nude ddi vdi hoat ddng lien ket, phat trien du lich trong bdi canh hgi nhap hien nay.
2. Cac yeu to anh hu-ong Clin hieu qua quan ly nha nude doi vdi lien ket phat trien du lich Du lich la nganh cong nghiep ddng gop mdt phin quan trgng cho phat trien kinh te d mdi dia phuang.
Vdi tinh chit la nganh kinh te tdng hop cd tinh lien nganh, lien viing va xa hgi hda cao, su phat trien cua nganh cdng nghiep du lich khdng chi nim trong mdt tinh ma ludn phai vuon ra khdi pham vi hanh chinh dia phuang, mdt qudc gia. Trong dd lien kdt chinh la mdt trong nhirng giai phap phat bidn du lich tidt kiem nhung hieu qua khi ma bien gidi du lich giiia cac dia phuang da khdng cdn hien hiiu, thay vao dd la mgt didm ddn chung thdng nhit vdi sir da dang san pham dua tren Igi the rieng biet viing mien Lien kdt phat tt-idn du lich sc tao ra nhimg san phim du lich da dang, phong phu, lam mdi cac diem den, Su lien ket nay la tien dd quan b-gng dd bing budc nang chat lugng cac diem den du lich.
Quan ly nha nude ddi vdi lien kdt phat bidn du lich la viec co quan nha nude su dung bd may, cdng cu (luat phap vd lien kdt phat tridn du lich) ciia minh dd thuc hien chirc nang quan ly dugc phap luat quy djnh ddi vdi boat ddng du Hch ma gin vdi cac hoat dgng dd la cac ca nhan, td chuc va doanh nghiep. Cho nen suy
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cho cung quan ly nha nuoc ddi vdi lien kdt phat bidn du lich chinh la ca quan nha nude thuc thi chiic nang quan ly ddi vdi tat ca nhiing ngudi (hoac td chiic) true tiep cd tham gia hoat ddng h-ong linh vuc du lich ffen mdt dia ban xac dinh.
Cd nhieu yeu td anh hudng ddn viec thuc hien lien kdt du lich. Trong bai bao nay tac gia chi di vao phan tich cac yeu td anh hudng den viec thuc hien lien kdt du lich d khia canh quan ly nha nude nhu: chinh sach, quy hoach, don vi cung ling dich vu, co sd ha ting xa hgi. Cac yeu td nay dugc tdng hgp bi cac nghien cihi trudc cd lien quan ciing nhu thdng qua trao ddi phdng vin vdi cac co quan quan ly nha nude vd du lich va cac cdng ty du lich. Cu the;
Chu truang, chinh sdch ve liin ket, phdt triin viing du lich
Vai b-6 tham gia chinh cua Nha nude la xay dung cac khung phap ly cho boat ddng va phat trien du lich (cac tieu chuan va quy trinh kidm soat phat tridn), lap ke hoach phat tridn, hd b-g hoat dgng nghien ciiu ciia nganh, Nha nude ciing khuyen khich va trg cip cho phat trifin mang ludi cac nha cung cip thdng tin cho khach du lich nhu cac ca quan du lich dia phuong va viing, qudc gia (Cooper & Abubakar, 2004),
Du hch la nganh kinh te tdng hgp cd tinh lien nganh, lien vimg, cac boat dgng du lich dugc tao thanh bdi nhieu bg phan va can cd sy ket noi, hgp tac, hd trg ciia cac nganh, cac dja phuang, cac vimg vdi nhau. Khi su lien ket trong ITnh vuc du lich chat che se mang lai nhidu Igi ich, trudc het dd la ca hdi md rdng thi trudng de Cling khai thac nhiing Igi thd cua nhau ve tai nguyen du lich, ha ting, ca sd vat chit ky thuat va cac ngudn luc khac cho phat trien du Ijch. Ddng thai, phat tridn cac mydn du Hch va san phim du lich lien ket d quy md lanh thd Idn hem, tao ra dugc nhung san pham co kha nang canh tranh cao hem. Ben canh dd co che lien ket ddng vai trd quan trgng trong viec dieu hanh toan bd sir lien ket viing trong du lich.
Quy hoach phdt trien vung du lich
Quy hoach phat trien vimg du lich la co sd quan trgng de lira chgn phuang an phat trien du Hch va td chirc khdng gian cac boat dgng du lich hgp ly tren lanh thd nhat dinh trong mdt thdi gian xac dinh. Day la mdt trong nhiing yeu td quan trgng anh hudng rat Idn den viec Hen ket, phat trien cac viing du lich. Tuy nhien cd the thay quy hoach viing du Hch cdn nhieu han cbS va bit cap, ket qua chua tuang xiing vdi tidm nang va loi the ciia cac dia phuang; phat trien nhung thieu tam nhin dai h^n nen chua theo kip nhirng yeu td moi. Hien nay trong quy bogcb phat trien viing, quy hoach phat trien nganh, dinh hudng phat trien khdng cd su phan cdng ro rang giiia cac tinh, tieu viing din den canh tranh trong thu but du khach. Ben canh dd, xu hudng hgi nhap, hgp tac, canh tranh toan cau, giao luu md rdng va tang cudng ling dung khoa hgc cdng nghe trong nen kinh te tri thiic tren the gidi dang tao nhirng ca hdi to Idn ddng thdi ciing la thach tbirc ddi vdi phat trien du lich d Viet Nam ndi chung va cac vimg du lich ndi rieng. Neu chiing ta khdng lam tdt khau quy hoach se dan den bien tugng manh miin, trung lap trong viec phat trien vung du lich, gay lang phi tai nguyen du lich.
Ndng luc qudn ly cua Nhd nude vd cua chinh quyen dia phuang
Thuc te cbi ra rang, mgi hoat ddng phat tnen (ma boat ddng du lich la mgt bd phan) deu phai dugc Nha nude (gdm chinh quyen trung uong va chinh quyen dia phuang) quan ly. Ndi nhu the cd nghTa la ca quan quan ly nha nude cd vai trd quan trgng va mang tinh quyet djnh ddi vdi phat trien hoat ddng du lich ndi chung va hoat dgng lien ket phat trien du lich ndi rieng. Tu tuong nhan thiic va thai do cua lanh dao dia phucmg la yeu td tac ddng manh den hoat dgng lien ket, phat trien du lich. Ndu lanh dao nhan thiic dugc vai trd ciia boat ddng lien ket du lich se cd nhimg uu tien, tao mdi trudng thuan Igi, chii ddng trong viec tim kiem sir lien kdt, phat trien boat ddng du lich cua dia phuang dat trong mdi lien ket vimg va hdi nhap qudc te. S\r hoat dgng hieu qua ciia cac co quan xiic tien du lich tai dia phuang ciing cd vai trd het siic quan trgng va la mdt trong nhiing nhan td quan trgng day manh boat dgng lien ket, phat bidn du lich.
Cdc dan vi cung ung dich v{i cho khdch du lich
Cac dan vi cung img du lich bao gdm cac cdng ty lir hanh, khach san, nha hang, chit lugng ciia he thdng khach s ^ , nha hang, co sd vui choi va thu hudng cac dich vu bilu diln nghe thuat.... Trong chuoi cung ling du lich, cac doanh nghiep lu hanh ddng vai trd la cau ndi giira cung va cau trong boat dgng du lich. Trudc day cac doanh nghiep lu hanh thudng nam vai trd chinh trong viec phan phdi khach va phan chia Igi ich cho cac doanh nghiep khac tham gia vao chudi cung iing du lich. Tuy nhien ciing vdi su phat trien ciia cdng ngh?
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thdng tin, hi?n nay xu hudng khach du lich bj sip xdp cho chuydn di cua minh khdng thdng qua cac hang III hanh ho^c mua chuong trinh tour ngay cang gia tang. Vdi xu hudng nay, vai trd ciia cac doanh nghiep lir hanh ngay cang ban che trong chuoi gia tri du lich.
Ben canh dd, trong xu thd hdi nhap hien nay vai h-d ciia cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh khach san, luu tni b-ong chudi cung iing du Hch ngay cang tang. Hiu hdt cac khach san ddu da thiet lap he thdng tiep thi dire tiep toi khach du lich, gi^m su phu thudc vao cac doanh nghiep Iii hanh thdng qua cac kenh quang ba, dat chd tren m^ng Internet. Cac khach san da chii ddng tap frung vao viec da dang hda san pbim dich vu, nang cao chat lugng phuc vu de dap img nhu ciu ngay cang da dang ciia khach du lich.
Su lien kdt giiia cac ben tham gia trong chudi cung iing du lich da dugc hinh thanh fren co sd hudng tdi dat dugc cac Igi ich chung va phat tridn theo hudng hieu qua, bin virng, tao ra kha nang canh tranh cao bon cho san pham du lich. Lien ket phat trien du lich phai dam bao Igi ich gia tang kinh ti, gia tang viec lam va phat b-ien xa bdi van minh ciia dia phuang. Tir dd gdp phin phat tridn dii nude. Tuy nhien, hien nay du Hch Viet Nam vin thieu cac md hinh lien ket tdt, hieu qua, cd su dinh hudng ciia Nha nude, tao ra gia bi va siic canh tranh cao bon ciia san pham. Chinh vi vay, mac dii san pham du lich hien nay dang phat triln mdt each d at nhung phan Idn cdn tning lap va chua phong phii vd ndi dung.
Ca sd vdt chdt hq tdng xa hdi
Su phat trien co sd ket ciu ha tang la mdt dieu kien vat chit hang diu quydt dinh ddn boat ddng lien kdt, phat trien du lich. Co sd vat chat ha tang xa hdi bao gdm be thdng giao thdng dudng bd, nha ga, san bay, ben cang.,. va cac dich vu bd trg (dich vu luu fru, van chuyen, ngan hang, buu chinh - viln thdng, y tl.,.). Day la mdt trong nhung yeu td can trd true tilp den lien ket viing du Hch vi nd la yeu td tien de de dam bao cho khach du lich de dang tiep can den cac diem du lich va dugc thoa man cac nhu cau ve thdng tin lien lac va cac nhu cau khac trong sudt chuyen di ciia hg. Thyc tl cho thay, neu he thdng co sd vat chat, giao thdng phat bien se thu hiit mgt lugng Idn du khach. Tuy nhien, ndu be thdng ha tang khdng ddng bd, chat lugng kem va qua tai, trong mgt sd trudng hgp viec van hanh, khai thac giiia cac tinh khdng thdng nhit, khdng theo nguyen tic ddi ben ciing cd loi, gay khd khan trong viec thyc hien ben ket.
3. Giai phap nang cao hieu qua quan ly nha nude doi vdi lien ket phat trien du lich 3.1. Han che trong lien ket phdt trien du lich
Lien ket phat trien du Ijch trong ngu: canh ciia Viet Nam cdn bdc Id mdt sd nhirng ban che sau:
Thir nhdt. hieu qua lien ket phat trien du lich cdn tuong doi thap, boat ddng lien ket phat trien du lich bong thdi gian qua chua cao, cdn manh miin. Cdng tac quy hoach du lich manh miin, thieu su Hen ket. Giiia cac dia phuong chua cd sy lien ket trong xay dung quy hoach, ke hoach phat trien du lich vi vay chua phat huy hit dugc gia tri ciia tai nguyen du lich cua bing dia phuong trong chudi ben ket, gay lang phi yong dau tu xay dung co sd ba tang.
Thu hai, viec phdi hgp, lien kit Wong boat dgng du lich giira cac viing chua thudng xuyen va rd net. Kha nang bd trg lin nhau giii'a cac dia phuang chua cao, viec to cbiic thuc bien cbinb sach phat trien du Hch ddi khi cdn hinh thiic. Chua xay dyng dugc sy lien ket, hgp tac giua cac dan vi kinh doanh du Hch.
Thu ba, cdng tac quan ly nha nude vl du lich cdn mdt sd bat cap, su phdi hgp giiia cac cap, cac nganh bong viec thyc hien cac muc tieu va nhiem vu, giai phap phat trien du lich thieu chat che, thu dgng. Mgt bd phan dgi ngu can bg cdng cbiic quan ly nha nude kha nang tac nghiep chua cao, chua kip thdi tham muu trong viec ban hanh cac ca chi, chinh sach. quy hoach phat trien du lich nhat la trong bdi canh hdi nhap hien nay.
Thu tu, cdng tac thu hiit doanh nghiep Idn diu tu vao du lich cdn han che, ca che khuyen khich phat dien du Ijcb chua ro net. Tinh chuyen nghiep khi xay dung san pham du lich, -\iic tien quang ba du Uch chua dugc nang cao. San phim du Hch chua phong phu, chua tao dugc nhidu san pham du lich mdi, ddng thdi chua tao dugc ban sic, thuong hieu rieng cd ciia viing. Gia tn gia tang ham chira d-ong san pham du lich thap, thilu ddng bg va thilu lien kit trong phat trien san pham du lich.
Thir ndm, chit lugng dich vu chua cao, cdng tac xuc tien quang ba du lich chua that su chuyen nghiep.
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mdi dung d quang ba hinh anh chung, chua tao dugc tilng vang va sire hip din dac thii cho ding san pham, thuong hieu du Ijch cho vung. Kinh phi nha nude diu dr cdn han che, chua tao duoc hieu iing kich ciu du Uch.
Thirsdu, viec bd bi ngudn Iyc dau tu xay dung kit ciu ha ting cac khu du Hch khdng drong iing. khdng tao dugc siic hip din thu hut diu tu. He thdng ca sd vat chit ha ting tilp can didm din ciia cac viing cdn thieu ddng bd. He thdng ca sd vat chit ky thuat, co sd luu tni va dich vu du lich phat triln nhanh nhung nhin chung tam cd quy md, tinh chit tien nghi va phong each san pbim du Ijch nhd le, van hanh chua chuyen nghiep, chua hinh thanh dugc he thdng cac khu du lich qudc gia vdi thuang hieu ndi bat yong bdi canh hdi nhap qudc t l hien nay.
3.2. Gidi phdp hoan thien
Hieu qua quan ly nha nude ddi vdi lien ket phat trien du lich the bien gia tri tac ddng cua quan ly nha nude ddi vdi boat dgng du lich va the bien qua hieu qua phat tnen kinh tl - xa hgi cua cac dia phuang thyc hien lien ket. Hieu qua quan ly nha nude ddi vdi lien ket phat trien du Hch phan anh true tilp kli qua va chat lugng viec quan ly boat dgng lien ket cua chinh quyen ma cu the la gdp phin thiic diy kinh tl phat trien (gia tang tdc do tang trudng kinh te mgt each ben virng), cai thien mdi trudng song va giai quyet tdt cac van de xa hgi.
De phat trien du lich theo hudng lien ket va hdi nhap, nganh du Hch can thyc hien ddng bd cac giai phap ve CO che chinh sach, ve quan ly nha nude, ve dau tu, thi trudng, biyen truyen quang ba, dao tao ngudn nhan luc, bao ve tai nguyen va moi trudng.,., cu the:
Mgt Id, ndng cao ndng luc vd hieu qud qudn ly nhd nude
Tang cudng nang luc va hieu qua quan ly nha nude ve du licb thdng qua viec hoan thien he thdng phap luat, tieu chuan, quy chuan trong ITnh virc du lich; kien toan bd may quan ly nha nude ve du Hch, md hinh td chiic quan ly nganh dap img yeu cau phat trien du lich trong bdi canh hgi nhap hi?n nay.
De thuc hien lien ket viing hieu qua va ben virng, Trung uong can ban hanh mgt sd co che chinh sach dac thii cho vimg, nhat la chuong trinh phat trien ket cau ha tang kinh te - xa hgi viing; chuong trinh dau tu theo chieu sau cac chudi san pham du lich dac trung cua viing. Xay dung chuong trinh lien ket viing that cu the, trong dd dam bao sy phan cdng trach nhiem ciia cac Bd, nganh va dia phuong trong qua trinh thyc hien Hen ket.
Nang cao vai trd tham muu, chi dao ciia ca quan quan ly nha nude ve du Hch. Xay dyng va ban hanh co che chinh sach thao go khd klian, tao mdi trudng thdng thoang, bd trg va khuyen khich doanh nghiep dau tu vao cac khu, diem du Hch trgng diem cua tinh; day manh xa hdi hda trong xiic tien quang ba va dao tao du lich.
Ben canh dd can nang cao trinh do chuyen mdn cho ddi ngu chuyen gia lam cdng tac quy hoach phat trien du lich de tang cudng bieu qua va tinh kha thi ciia cdng tac lap quy hoach,
Hai la. hodn thi^n cdc ca che, chinh sdch trong lien kit. phdt triin du lich
c i n sdm hoan thien cac co che, chinh sach lien ket, phat trien viing du lich. Cd co che dieu phdi lien ket vung. Bd nganh trung uang can ddng vai trd dieu phdi cac chuong trinh, du an Hen ket phat trien vung du Hch va kiem tra, ddn ddc cac dia phuang trong viec thuc hien cac chuong trinh lien ket.
Tao lap cac co che, chinh sach de thuc day lien ket vimg du lich va phat trien cac chudi gia tri san pham du lich dac trung nhu du lich tam linh, du lich sinh thai, du Hch nghi dudng... Tang cudng hgp tac giiia cac dia phuong trong viing ve viec hoach dinh cac chinh sach lien ket ndi vimg va giiia cac dia phuang trong vimg.
Tao ra sy lien ket, phdi hgp giira cac ca quan quan ly nha nude ve du Ijcb, cac doanh nghiep du lich, vira bao dam hai boa Igi ich ciia mdi dia phuong, vira phat huy siic manh tdng hop du lich chung ciia toan vimg.
Ba Id, cdc tinh, thdnh phd cdn co su lien kit ngay trong xdy dung quy hoach, ke hoach phdt tnen du Ijch vd qudn ly quy hoach du lich
Ra soat mgt each tdng the va mang tinh he thdng cac quy hoach du lich dang cdn hieu Iyc, tien hanh so kit viec thyc hien quy hoach theo giai doan, phan tich, danh gia cu the chat lugng, tinh ben vihig. tinh ddng bo cua mdi quy hoach theo hudng uu tien khai thac tiem nang, the manh ciia timg dia phuong tren co sd quy hoach tdng thi phat yidn du Hch ctia cac viing, Quy hoach tdng the phat yien du lich va chien luge phat dien
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du Hch Viet Nam den nam 2020, tim nhin din nam 2030.
Trong viec Quy hoach tdng thi phat yien kinh td - xa hdi ciia vung ndi chung, Quy hoach tdng thd lien kit viing du lich ndi rieng, cin cd ca che giam sat thyc hien chat che nhim bao dam lien kit hieu qua, tranh phat trien triing lap, gay lang phi ngudn Iyc cua Nha nuoc va xa hgi. Cin xac dinh ro chirc nang rieng dya yen Igi the so sanh ciia bing dia phuang trong khdng gian lien kit viing vdi tu each la dilm din du lich chung. Day chinh la co sd dl cd dugc nhimg "phan cdng" hgp ly giira cac dia phucmg ftong viing lien ket. Khai thac cd hieu qua Igi the dac tbii cua ding dia phuang nhim tao dugc nguon Iyc tot nhit cho chien luge phat friln chung cua vung, ban che dugc tinh tning lap ve chiic nang d-ong phat triln trudc khi cd sy lien kit phat triln du lich theo viing. De thuc hien dugc yeu cau nay cin thiet phai cd dl an/phuong an vdi nhirng ngi dung lien kit cy the tren co sd quy hoach tdng the phat triln du lich ciia viing.
Bdn la, liin kit giira cdc dia phuang trong viec hinh thdnh nen chudi cdc sdn phdm du lich dac tnrng, chdt luang cao
Ddi vdi cac viing du Hch cd tinh tuang ddng cao ve tai nguyen du lich tbi viec lien ket se cho phep ban che hieu qua tinh trang manh miin va dning lap vd san phim du lich giiia cac dia phuang. Thay vao dd sy lien ket se tao ra nhiing san pham du licb dac tnmg chung ciia viing cd quy md va tinh hap dan cao ban de tir dd nang cao dugc tinh canh tranh du lich chung ciia vimg du hch.
Da dang hda cac loai hinh hen ket du Hch gdm lien ket toan vung, Hen ket giiia cum cac dia phuong trong vung, lien ket giua cac khu/diem du licb vdi nhau, lien ket giua viing vdi cac dia phuong, khu vyc trong ca nude, lien ket qudc te tao san pham du hch dac trung ciia viing. Khuyin khich cac doanh nghiep du lich, hiep hdi du lich giiia cac dia phuong trong viing lien ket vdi nhau nham binh thanh cac doanh nghiep du lich cd quy md Idn, thuang hieu manh, tham gia sau hon vao chudi gia yi d tam qudc gia, khu vyc va vuon ra qudc te.
Nam Id, tdng cuang bo tri ngudn luc, thu hut vdn ddu tu; day manh phdt triin kit cdu hq tdng kinh te - xd hdi phuc vu lien kit, phdt triin du lich
Chii ygng diu tu phat trien he thdng ca sd ha tang ddng bd de phuc vu kinh te - xa hdi ndi chung va nganh du lich ndi rieng. Theo dd, tao co chd khuyen khich doanh nghiep lien kit diu tu phat Men du licb lien vimg, thay ddi tu duy tir phat trien "diem du licb" thanh "viing du hch", "khu du lich". Hoan thien he thdng ket ciu ha ting du licb, dac biet la he thdng giao thdng cua bing dja phucmg trong vimg, khdp ndi vdi be thdng giao thong Hen vung, khu vyc va quoc te. Chii trgng tim kiem ca che dau tu phat trien va tao budc dot pha trong xiic tidn triln khai nhiing cdng trinh cd tam anh hudng Idn, tao ra ben ket phat trien du licb theo viing.
Tap bxing diu tu kit ciu ha tang giao thdng den cac diem tai nguyen du Hch de tang cudng su lien kit chudi tai nguyen du Hch phyc vu da dang hda san phim. Khuyen khich, thu hiit dau tu xay dung he thdng CO sd luu ttii va dich vu theo sat xu hudng nhu ciu thi frudng; dau tu ha tang, md rdng, da dang boa cac loai hinh dich vy vui choi giai fri tai cac khu vyc trgng diem phat trien du hch. Tan dung nang luc ket cau ha tang giao thdng hien cd, phat huy tdi da Igi tbi dia ly ciia viing, tap trung cai tao nang cip kit hgp xay dung mdi mang ludi giao thdng hien dai, dong bg; phat yiln da dang cac loai hinh van tai, ket ndi lien thdng giira cac phuang thiic van tai (dudng thiiy, dudng bg, dudng sit, dudng bang khdng,...), phat yiln cac loai binh giao thdng mdi, hien dai gin vdi quy hoach, phat biln he thdng giao thdng cdng cdng da dang phii hgp vdi cac dd thi, cac viing trgng diem ve du licb.
Uu tien diu tu ha tang khung cac khu du licb, cac dilm du licb qudc gia va ddi vdi cac dilm du Hch tiem nang dugc dinh hudng trong quy hoach dl tao dieu kien thuan Igi cho dau tu phat d-iln cac cdng trinh vat chat ky thuat, san pham djch vu...
Uu tien vl von vay, ho trg vl giai phdng mat bing va hd fro thue dat dn dinh lau dai ddi vdi cac dy an diu dr phat yiln san phim du Ijch dac thii cd siic canh franh. uu tien cac dy an phat trien san pham du Hch
"xanh" than thien vdi mdi trudng. Khuyin khich diu dr vao phat men cac loai hinh vui choi giai tri bien dai, mao hidm, dac thii.
Sdu Id. ddy manh bin kit vd tdng cudng hogt ddng xiic tien. qudng bd du lich, xdy dung thuang hieu du lich todn vimg.
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Tang cudng cdng tac xuc tien quang ba du Hch theo hudng chuyen nghiep, hien dai bi ngi dung din phuong thiic, phat huy ngudn luc nha nude va toan xa hdi frong boat dgng xiic tien quang ba cua cac ca quan ngoai giao, cong ddng ngudi Viet d nude ngoai va cac co quan truydn thdng.
Day manh cac chuong yinh hgp tac, lien kit quang ba, gidi thieu, xiic tiln du lich. Sii dung cdng nghe thdng tin de quang ba tao siic manh trong hoat dgng xiic din quang ba du Ijch, thu hiit diu tu. chuyen giao cdng nghe giiia cac dia phuong nham nang cao gia tri va vi thd cua du lich.
Ket ndi cac su kien, ll hgi rieng cua ding dia phuong yong viing de tao ra chuoi sy kien du Hch mang tinh dac tnmg ciia vimg nhim thu hiit khach du lich, dac biet bi cac thi dirdng trgng dilm. Thudng xuyen td chiic cac diln dan xiic tien dau tu du lich toan vimg nhim diy manh thu hiit diu tu nude ngoai, nhat ta dau tu tir cac tap doan kinh doanh du lich xuyen quoc gia.
Thanh lap cdng thdng tin dien tOr, xay dung co sd dii lieu du Hch va cac ITnh vyc cd lien quan, xac lap thuang hieu (bieu tugng, khau bieu), hinh thanh td bao chuyen nganh du lich (song ngii Viet Anh, Viet Trung, Viet Nga,. ) su dung chung cho toan vimg. Ben canh do can chii y den thi trudng khach du bch tiem nang de cd nhiing quang ba, gidi thieu ve du Hch viing phu hgp.
4. Ket lu^n
Tac gia da lam ro nhiing vin dl ly luan chu yeu ve phat trien du Hch theo hudng lien ket va hgi nhap qudc te, cac yeu to anh hudng den bieu qua phat trien du lich theo hudng lien ket va hgi nhap qudc te nhu: Chu truong, chinh sach lien ket, phat trien viing du lich; Quy hoach phat trien viing du lich; nang lye quan ly ciia CO quan ly ve du licb.., Vi vay ttong thdi gian tdi, dl nang cao hieu qua quan ly nha nude ddi vdi lien ket du lich trong bdi canh hdi nhap qudc tl cin dua ra nhirng chinh sach, quy dinh cu the, ro rang, dam bao quyen Igi ciia cac ben tham gia. Thuc hien tot vi?c quy hoach, phan vung du lich ciing nhu tang ngudn hd trg tir ngudn vdn ngan sach trung ucmg de dau tu nang cap hoan thien ket cau ha tang phuc vu cho phat tnen du lich, Ddi mdi be thdng quan ly nha nude ddi vdi hoat dgng ben ket du lich. Nghien ciiu, de xuat nhirng sira ddi, dieu chinh va hoan thien he thdng phap luat Hen quan den Hen ket, phat yien du lich theo hudng tinh gian, rd rang, minh bach va thuan Igi trong qua trinh thyc hien. Ben canh do, can phai cd nhiing bi?n phip nang cao trinh do van dung luat phap cua cac cap chinh quyin, the chi hoa cac quy djnh phap ly tao niem tin cho cac doanh nghiep va ngudi dan.
Tai lieu tham khao
Cathy, H., & Zheng, G, (2008), Regional tourism collaboratinon m the Peari river delta, Chma, International CHRJE co/i/erertce - Refereed track, 12, 1-8
Cooper, M. & Abubakar, B. (2004), 'The role of tourism bureaux in the development of tourist attracbons in Australia A case stad-y ofUervey Bay, Queens\and\ Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 1(2), 1-10.
Ghimire, K.B. (2001), 'Regional Tourism and South-South Economic Cooperation', The Geographical Journal, 167(2), 99-100.
Pham Trung Lucmg (2016), Lien ket vimg trong qud trinh tdi ca cdu kinh le vd chuyen doi mo hinh lang trudng d Vi?t Nam, Ky yiu Hoi thao. Ha Npi, thang 4 nam 2019, trang 967-978,
Tdng cue Du lich Viet Nam (2012a), ChiSn luac tdng thi phdt then du lich Vi^t Nam den ndm 2020, tdm nhin 2030, Nha xuit ban Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi.
Tdng cue Du Hch Viet Nam (2012b), Quy hoach long the phdt trien du lich Vi^t Nam den ndm 2020, idm nhin 2030, Nha xuit ban Chinh tri Qudc gia. Ha Npi
si 279 thing 9/2020 «;» ^i'lU'-'I'talril'll
