NGHIEN CUXJ
Lien ket vung trong phat trien du lich Nghe An:
nhmig van de va phuong huong giai quyet
Nguyfei Thi My Huong Nguy^ Thi Di6p. Nguyen Nang Hung
Truong Dai hoc Vinh
Du lich Nghe An da phat tridn vdi nhip dp tang tmdng nhanh so vdi nhidu noi khac trgn ca nude va dat dugc , nhung kdt qua nhdt dinh, Tuy nhign, ben canh nhung thanh tyu dat dupe, phat trien du lich cfla Nghg An trong
mdi lien kd't vung cdn nhidu hgn chd va bdt cdp; chua cd budc phdt trien ddi pha de khdng dinh thuc sy Id nganh kinh id mfli nhpn. Mpt trong nhung ban che dd la chua cd sy Hgn ket tao sue mgnh ldng hpp, tao tinh da dang trong ban sdc rigng cfla san phdm du lich gifla cac dia phuong trong vung, trong xflc tien quang bd, quan Iy nha nude ve phat trien du Iieh...
I.Datvande
i Lidn kdt la xu thd va cflng la ydu cdu bdt budc trong Iphat trien du lich. Nghe An ndm trong vflng Bdc Tmng
|Bd la 1 trong 7 vung du Ijch duae Bd Van hda, Thd thao
;vd Du lich dinh hudng phat tiidn trong Chien luge phat prien du lich Viet Nam den nam 2020, tdm nhin 2030.
Day la nhung vung cd nhieu Uem nang du lich quan hpng, tuy nhien thdi gian qua, viec lidn kdl khai thac cac sdn pham du Iieh chua dugc cac tinh tiien khai manh mg va thdng nhdt. Danh gia tiem nang va Uiyc 'hang phat tridn du lich cua cac tinh Bdc - Neim Tmng Bd ndi chung va tinh Nghd An ndi rigng, tu dd dua ra cdc giai phap lign kdt phat trien cac san phdm, loai hinh du lich cfla cac tinh, thanh phd vflng Bac Tmng Bd, phu hap vdi xu hudng hdi nhdp kinh td qudc td, ddng Ihdi tim ca hdi hpp tac giua cac ben lign quan trong quan ly, ddu tu vd linh vyc du Ijch va tign kg't phdt tridn du lich la vigc iam cdn thiet.
2. Thu^c tranglien ket vung trong phat trien du lich Nghe An
2.1 Mot so' kd't qua dat dupe
Nghg An la tinh Bdc Tmng Bd vdi ban 2.600 di tich lich sfl, danh thdng, trong do cd 413 di tich dugc xdp hang cap Qudc gia va cap tinh. Dac bigt, cd 3 di tich la Khu Di ti'ch Kim Lidn (huygn Nam Dan) - qud huong cfla Chfl tich Ho Chi Minh, Khu Luu niem Phan Boi Chau va dinh Hoanh San da dupe cdng nhan la di tich lich sfl van hda Qudc gia dgc bidt. Nghd An la nai sinh sd'ng cfla 6 dan tdc Kinh, Thai, Thd, H'Mdng, Kho Mfl, O du vdi nhigu net van hda rigng, den nay vdn cdn luu gifl duae cdc gid tri van hda dac sdc. Ben canh dd, vdi 82 km bd bien, Nghg An cdn cd nhieu bai tdm dep nhu: Cfla Ld, Bai Lu,...; khu Du trfl sinh quy^n midn
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Tay dupe UNESCO cdng nhan la Khu Du tni sinh quyen thidn nhidn thd giai... Day thyc su la nhung Uem nang thuan Ipi d^ Nghg An khai thac va phat huy thanh nhflng san phdm du lich ddc dao, hdp ddn.
Nhdm khai thac, phat huy nhflng tidm nang ndi trgn, dua lich trd thanh ngdnh kinh td dich vu tdng hpp, cd trpng tam, trpng didm, higu qud, cd thuang higu va kha nang cgnh tranh, Tinh fly, UBND Unh Nghg An da tdp trung trien khai thuc hign Nghi quyet sd 92/ND-CP ngay 08/12/2014 cfla Chinh phfl ve mdt s6 giai phap ddy manh phat trien du lich trong thdi ky mdi; thdnh lap Ban chi dao thyc hign Chuang trinh phat tridn du lich Nghg An giai doan 2016 — 2020...
Viec ddu tuphat trien du Ijch da dupe cac dia phuong va cac nganh tridn khai ddng bp, toan dign, higu qua.
Theo do, cac boat ddng xflc lien du lich dugc day mgnh; hg tdng du lich va co sd vat chat ky thuat nganh du lich dugc quan tam dau tu; cdng tdc quan ly tai nguyen, bao ve mdi irudng duae tang cudng; thudng xuygn nang cao chdt lupng cac diem ddn du Ijch, cd sd luu trfl du lich, tang cudng quan ly hogt ddng lu hanh va hudng ddn du Ijch... Ddng thdi, cac loai hinh du lich cflng dupe phat trien theo hudng da dang gan vdi nhflng net dac trung, ban sdc cua tflng dja phuong, tflng cpng ddng nguoi. Dac biet la sy kdt hop, ngn kdt boat ddng tour du Ijch vdi cac dia phuang lan can nhu Ha Tinh, Thanh Hda... cflng dugc chfl trpng nhidu ban. Do vay, lugng khach du lich ddn vdi Nghe An da lign tyc tang Ign qua cac nam.
Theo thdng kd, lupng du khach ddn vdi tinh Nghe Adi tap tmng tai mdt sd khu du lich truyen thdng nhu Khu di tich Kim Lien, thi xa Cua Ld... Trong do, chi tinh rigng tai Khu di tich Kim Lign, trong nam 2018 da ddn va phyc vu hgn 2,0 higu luot khach, tang 30% SQ vdi cflng ky nam 2017, trong dd cd gdn 1 van luot
khach qude td; Thi xa Cua Ld da ddn gan 2,8 tridu lupt, tang 13,4% so vdi nam 2017 va dat 103% kd hoach nam. Trong do khach luu trfl dat 1,56 tridu lupt, tang 11,2% so vdi nam 2017. , dat 101% kd hoach nam.
Doanh thu tu cac hoat ddng dich vu, du lich dat 2.851 ty ddng, tang 25,4% so vdi nam 2017, dgt 106% kd hoach nam... Tai cac didm ddn nhu: Khu di tich lich sfl Tmdng Bdn, Khu sinh tiiai Mudng Thanh Didn Lam, du Ijch cpng ddng Con Cudng va Vudn qud'c gia Pu Mat... cung thudng xuyen thu hflt ddng lupng khach tham quan, nhdt la vao cac djp Id, td't. Tinh chung trgn dja bdn toan tinb, nam 2018, cac didm du Ijch d Nghd An da ddn va phue vu trdn 6 trigu luot khach du lich, tdng thu tfl khach du Ijch udc dat 7.410 ty ddng.
Khdng chi day mgnh kdl nd'i, hpp lac vdi cde dja phuang hong vflng Nghd An cdn kdt ndi, hgp tac phat tridn du lich vdi nhieu Unh, thanh nhu: Lam Ddng, dgc btel la Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh. Chuang trinh hpp tac phat tridn du Ijch giai dogn 2014 - 2018 gifla Nghd An va Thanh phd Ho Chi Minh - dia phuang giau tiem nang phat trien du lich da dupe thyc hidn higu qua la mpt minh chflng. Chuang trinh nay da gdp phdn khai thdc, quang bd nhidu san phdm du lich vd ngudn, tham cac di tieh Iieh su d tinh Nghd An va Thanh phd H 6 Chi Minh; kdu gpi doanh nghigp ddu tu vao du lich.
Trong 4 nam tfl 2015-2018, Cdng ty Dich vy Lfl hdnh Saigontourist Id dan vi lu hanh d Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh lign phong khai thac mdt sd tuyg'n, diem du lich d Nghd An, da phyc vu khoang 52.000 luot du khach trong nude vd qudc te dd'n kham pha, trai nghigm ve dep cfla qug huong xfl Nghd.
Hign nay, chuang trinh hpp tac gifla hai dia phuong giai dogn 2019-2025 dang dugc tung budc trien khai vdi vide td chue cac doan khao sat, xay dung cac chuong trinh tour kich cdu du Ijch den Nghe An; hd trp dao tgo ngudn nhan lyc linh vuc du lich...Vdi vide di chuyen thuan Ipi bang dudng hang khdng tfl Vinh vao Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh, cac thanh vien trong gia dinh chj rat hao hflng vdi chuydn du lich ddn d thanh phd maing ten Bdc, tham nhieu di tich van hda lich sfl y nghia nhu Bdn Nhd Rdng, Dia dgo Cu Chi, Rflng Sac Cdn Gid... Ngupc lai, ban bg cfla chj d Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh cam thay rdt thfl vj khi dugc den lang Sen - tham qud huang Bac Hd, tham dao chd Thanh Chuong, bien Cfla Ld...
2.2 Bat cap tronglidn ket viing nham phat trien du lich Nghe An
Su chdng ldn quy hoach cac nganh la mdt trong nhflng diem nghdn ddi vdi lidn kdt vung hong phdt tridn du lidchj Nghe An. Dang lg, khi xac dinh phat trien du lich Id hudng uu Ugn Ehi can tap tmng vao viec quy hogch dd cd sy phat trien ddng bd. Nhung trdn thyc td, quy hoach phat trien du Ijch cfla cac dia phuang lgi chua lidn kdt, tham chi mau thudn vdi nhau.
Mgt sd dia phuang dat uu tign cd du Ijch vd cdng nghiep khidn dau tu vao tung Hnh vyc dnh hudng ldn.
Neu uu Ugn phat trien du lich thi cac khu cdng nghiep phai vao sau ben trong. Thdi gian qua, mdt sd van de lien quan d nhidm mdi trudng ven bien la hau qua da thdy. Vide giai quydt hau qud nay rdt tdn kdm va mat ngudn Iuc xa hdi. Nhung nam gdn day, 4 Unh Nghg An, Ha Tinh, Thanh Hod, Quang Binh ddu it nhidu chiu anh hudng cfla su cd mdi tmdng bien, UTJC Udp tac ddng den nganh Du Ijch, nhung vi thidu lign ket nen khdng cd tidng ndi chung de de nghj mdt chinh sach hd trg cho du Ijch vugt qua khd khan.
xay dung thuang higu du lich mdi dja phuang cdn manh mfln, mgnh ai nay iam, Dac biet, hgn che ve san phdm, djch vu du hch Nghd An va vflng Bac Trung Bp, boat dgng du Ijch cua khu vuc nay cdn mang Unh mua vu Idn, dac biet la tgi cac tinh Nghe Put, Ha Tinh, Thanh Hoa, Quang Binh - nhflng noi chiu anh hudng ldn do yeu td thdi tiet.
Lign kdt la van ve cd't yeu trong chidn luge phat trien du Ijch trdn cd sd "Budn cd bgn, ban cd phudng".
Cd nghia Id viec phdt tridn du hch can phai lidn kdl vdi nhau nhu vide td chflc tour tuydn, ban chd vide dgc lap tflng tinb, tung vung midn ma doanh nghigp du hch khi thyc hign tour thudng lign ket cac diem den, cac san pham du ijch vdi nhau. Rieng vdi Nghe An, cflng vdi xay dyng chidn luge va phat tridn du Ijch, dgc bidt la xay dung va hinb Ihanh cac san phdm du Ijch, tinh nen hop tdc nhidu hon vdi cac hang du Ijch, vdi nhung ngudi chuyen td chflc cac tour du Ijch d Viet Nam dd tmyen di thdng didp Nghg An la dia danh tuygt vdi ma du khach khdng the khdng dat ehan tdi khi den vdi dat nude Vigt Nam.Didm manh nhat cd thd dg dang nhan thdy cfla nganh Du lich Nghg An chinh la ve dep ty nhidn cua manh ddt va con ngudi nai day.
Khi khach du lich ghe tiiam bat cfl dja phuong nao cfla xfl Nghd nhu Pu Mat hay Bai Lu... canh quan thidn nhidn ddu dem dd'n mpt cam nhan tuygt vdi.
Chua hdt, ngudi dan noi day rat men khach, khidn nhflng ngudi khach ghd tham ludn cam thay dupe chao ddn va cd ca hpi hpc hdi nhieu didu mdi me ve ban sdc van hda vflng mi^n. Didm ydu Idn nhdt cfla tinh la chua cd nhieu du khach bidt va tim ddn thudng thuc ve dep ty nhidn cflng nhu trai nghidm cudc sd'ng ddi thuang nai day.
Du da ky bidn ban hgp tac lign kdt phat hidn du Ijch 4 Unh Bdc Tmng bp nhung trdn thuc td vide lam dupe cdn it. Hinh thuc, ndi dung, hogt dpng lign kd't cdn don dieu, chua cd chidu sau ndn su lan tda chua cao, Cflng vdi dd, chua cd bd nhan dign thuang higu djnh vi diem ddn cfla 4 tinh; ngan sach bd tri chd boat ddng lidn kdt cdn hgn chd, thidu dn djnh.
3. Qiai phap tang cirong lien het vung nhim phat trien du Ijch Nghe An
Dd du lich phat trien ben vflng, Nghe An cflng nhu cac dia phuang vung Bdc Trung Bd can cd nhflng giai phdp ddng bd, trong dd tap trung vao nhflng vdn de
sy
NGHIEN CUU
RESEARCH
dang cdn la hgn chd, cdn giai quydt Uido gd. Dd Id Tuong ty, loai hinh du Iieh sinh Uiai ndu xem xet vigc edng tac quy hoach, xflc tien quang ba, xay dyng san ket hop giua khu vuc midn Tay cac tinh Thanh Hda, phdm du hch vua dac thfl vua phong phu, dao tgo Nghg An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binhvdl du lich bidn se tao nguon nhan lyc. Chu hpng dung mflc cdng tac quy dugc sdn pham hap ddn. Du Ijch tim hidu Ijch su cdeh hoach du lich vd quan Iy, ddu tu theo quy hogch. Tidp mgng ed the khai thac d mgi vung. Ddn nay, cd thd tyc tap tinng thuc hidn ddng bd nhidu bien phap tich dua du lich dd thi vao danh mye dd thu hflt du khach.
cue, phat trien theo chieu sau, dn djnb, khdng ngiing Bi tridn khai cac boat ddng lign kdl phat tridn sdn phdm, loai hinh du lich giua cac tinh thanh vdi nhau can day mgnh khau td chflc quan ly. Day la giai phap ddng vai Ud quan trpng. Trong dd, can phat huy vai trd cfla ban didu phdi phat tridn du lich cac vflng du lich./.
nang cao nang Iuc eanh tianb, khdng dinh va giu vung thuong higu trdn ca sd khai thac td'i da va hieu qua tiem nang, lgi thd cua mdi Unh.
Ngudn nhan lyc du lich d Nghd An cung nhu cac tinh vflng Bac Tmng bd can dupe dao tao ve nhan thflc, kidn thflc nghidp vu, y thuc hach nhigm dd cd the lan tda thanh phuong thflc thyc hanh du Ijch cd hach nhiem, hudng tdi sy phat trien du lich bdn vflng.
Mdi dia phuang trong vflng ed the mgnh vd vj tri dia
ly, ngudn luc phat tridn, tidm nang du lich. Vi vay, cdn Ve phat trien du Ijch trd thanh nganh kinh td mOi Tai lieu tham khao
Dang Cdng sdn Viet Nam (2017), Nghi quyet sd 08- NQ/TW cfla Bd Chinh tri ngay 16 thdng 01 nam 2017 ket nd'i cac chudi gia tri de laa thanh nhflng san pham
du lich hdp dan theo tiJng nhdm loai hinh cung cap cho du khach.Cdn lien kdt phat tri^n cdc san pham du I|ch eua cdc Unh trong vflng tiong cflng mot ddng san phdm. Hidn tai, du lich tim hidu van hda duae du khach nhidu thi trudng ua chudng va cd kha nang hinh thanh nhieu san pham du Ijch tim bieu bdn sdc van hda mien bien, midn nfli.
Tidp theo, du hch nghi dudng cflng hay hudng tdi kdt hpp giua nghi dudng bidn va nghi dudng nui.
nhpn.
Phat tridn du hch trong each mang cdng nghidp 4.0 (2018), Nha xudt ban Dai hgc qud'c gia TP H 6 Chi Minh Tinh fly Nghd An (2017), Chuong hinh hanh dpng sd 55-CTr/ru vd phdt trien du lich hd thanh nganh kinh te mui nhpn hdn dia ban tinh giai doan 2017 -2030
Vidn NC & PT Du ijch (2012), Bdo cdo tdng hpp Quy hoach ldng thd phat tridn du lich vflng Bdc Tmng BO ddn nam 2020, tdm nhin den nam 2030, Hd Ndi.
Doanh nghiep nho va vua:...
TiSp theo trang 65
hudng tham gia vad mgng ludi san xudt qud'c Id tu nhung san pham cd ham lupng lao dpng ldn nhu ddt may, chd bidn thyc phdm, cdng nghigp nhe, sdn xudt linb kign may mdc...
3.4. Tan dung kidn thiic va cdng nghe nham cai thien mdi trudng kinh doanh
Thdng qua vigc tham gia vao mang ludi va thi trudng loan cau, cac nude tung budc sd tan dung dupe kidn thflc vd cdng nghd, bao gdm: nhan luc chdt lugng cao, cac chuygn gia ddu nganh, cac imdng dai hpc, cac tmng tam cdng nghe tu cac qud'c gia tien tidn de phdt trien kinh te. Cac nen kinh te dang phat trien cd the tham gia GVC bdng each md cfla thi trudng dd giao dieh vd ddu tu trye tiep, cdi thign mdi truang kinh doanh va tang cudng nang lyc cgnh tranh hong nude dd tham gia vao thuang mai qud'c td.De tang cudng lgi ich ed dupe tu vigc tiiam gia vdo GVC, chinh phfl cac nude can hd hg bdng cdeh tgo ra moi tmdng phap ly minh bach (cdc qud'c gia cd hg thdng phap ly hpp ly thudng xuat khdu nhieu ban), cflng cd mdi trudng kinh doanh yong nude, xay dyng ca sd hg tdng can thidt, hd trp ddu tu vao cdc tdi san tri thfle nhu nghidn cuu va phat hien (R&D), chfl y Id den ky nang lao ddng va nang luc qudn ly.
5 4 K I N H TE C H A U A - T H A I B I N H D U T I N B ( T H A M E 1 Z / Z D l =
3.5. Nang cao hieu qua boat dpng kinh doanh Vd ban chdt, hieu qud kinh doanh eua mdt doanh ngnidp chinh la lpi nhudn. Cdc doanh nghidp hay cdc qudc gia, vdi tu each Id cac chfl the khi tham gia vad GVC sd tan dung dupe Ipi the cua minh. Trdn Cd sd do, hp sd tap tmng phat huy diem mgnh, nP lyc giam chi phi, nang cao chat lupng dich vy, tdi da hda doanh thu de dgt duoc mdt mflc loi nhuan cao hon./.
Tai lieu tham khao
Fisher, E. and R. Reuber (2000). "Industrial Clusters and SME Promotion in Developing Countries", Commonwealth Trade and Enterprise Paper No. 3.
Michaelas, N., F. Chittenden, and P. Poutziouris, (1999)." Financial Policy and Capital Stmcture Choice in U.K. SMEs: Empirical Evidence from Company Panel Data", Small Business Economics, 12, 113-130.
Weston, J. F. and Copeland, T. E. (iggg)
"Managerial Finance", CBS College Publishing, Nghi dinh sd 39/2018/ND-CP (ngay 11 Uiang 3 nam 2018) Quy dinh chi tidt mdt sd didu cua Luat h6 trp doanh ngbigp nhd va vua.
