TAP CHJ CONG THI/dNfi
DU LICH THONG MINH:
XU HU6NG PHAT TRIEN TAT YEU CUA NGANH DU LICH VIET NAM
• P H A M THI THUY U N H
T 6 M TAT:
Caeh mang eong nghiep 4.0 da tac dgng manh me tdi mpi nganh, mpi ITnh vi/c kinh t^'- xa hOi, trong do c6 nganh Du lich. Vdi viec d'ng dung ngay cang sau r^ng cong nghe thong tin vk truydn thong, du lich thong minh la xu htfdng phat trien tat yeu cua nganh Du ljch Viet Nam. Bai vifi'i phan tich ve du lich thong minh va nhO'ng cd hoi de phdt trien du lich th6ng minh d Viet Nam.
Tuf khda: Du ljch thong minh, each mang cong nghiep 4.0, cdng nghe thdng tin - truydn thdng.
1. Dat vSn de
Thuat ngiJ "Du lieh thdng minh" difOc ra ddi du'di tac dong cua cudc each mang cdng nghe 4.0.
dac biet la sir phat tnen manh me cua cdng nghe thdng tin - truyen thdng. da cho phep tao ra eac san pham da dang cho nganh Du ljch. Cd the hieu.
du lich thdng minh la md hinh difdc xay di/ng tren nen tang edng nghe Ihdng tin va Iruyen thdng, trong do. ha tang tich hdp dff lieu du'de phat trien ddng bd, dam bao sir tu'dng lac kip thdi giiJa 3 ben la nha quan ly. doanh nghiep du lich va du khach nhSm tao ra nhffng gia in. ldi ieh va dich \u td't nha't.
Du lieh thdng minh bao gom nhieu thanh phan va Idp thdng minh dtfdc cdng nghe thdng tin - iruyen thdna hd trd (Hlnh I).
Du lich thong minh bao gdm 3 thanh phan chinh:
- Diem de'n thdng minh: La diem dd'n du lich sang tao, dtfdc xay dtfng tren cd s6 ha lang cong nghe tien tie'n, dam bao stf phat trien ben vffng c5c khu vtfc du lich, cd the tie'p can dtfdc vdi moi ngtfdi, lao thuan ldi cho sff tffdng tac cua khdch truy cap va hdi nhap vao mdi trffdng xung quanh, lam tang chat Itfdng cua trai nghiem tai diem de'n, cai thien chat Itfdng cupc sd'ng cua ngffdi dSn.
- Kinh nghiem thdng minh: La nhffng trdi nghiem du lich qua trung gian cdng nghe va si/
tang cffdng trao doi thdng tin qua viec ca nhan hoa, nhan thii'e bd'i eanh vii theo ddi Ihdi gian thtfc.
- He sinh thai kinh doanh thdng minh: LS h?
sinh thai kinh doanh phffe tap tao ra va ho trd vi§c
Hinh 1: Cdc thanh phdn vd ldp cua du lich thong minh Kinh nghiem thdng mmh
He sinh thai kinh doanh thong minh Diem den thong minh
DO LIEU
Q . -o
•D O • ^ X
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Khachdulich thOng minh
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trao ddi cdc nguon lffc du lich ket hdp vdi kinh nghidm du ljch.
Ngtfdi tham gia md hlnh nay cung la nhffng du khdch thdng minh. Hp khdng chi tieu thu ma cdn chia se va tao ra trai nghiem, ed vai trd quan ly va gidm sdt de dam bao sif hoan hao cho nhffng hanh irlnh tie'p theo ciia minh va nhffng du khach khac.
Du ljch thdng minh k6o dai ba ldp iren ca ba thi\nh phan:
- Ldp ihdng tin thdng minh nhdm thu thap dff li^u,
- Ldp trao doi thdng minh ho trd kha nang lien ket.
- Ldp xd 1^ thdng minh cd trach nhiem phan lieh. hlnh dung, lich hdp va su" dung thdng minh dff li?u.
2. Du ljch thdng minh - Xu hu'dng phat trien tfi't yfi'u cua nganh Du lich Vi?t Nam
2.1. Du Ifch thong minh Id xu the phdt trien chung cua du ljch the'gidi
Khae vdi du lich truydn thd'ng, du lich thdng minh chu trpng den ldi ich ciia du khach nhffng lai ddm bdo mffc chi phi tha'p, an loan va thuan lidn nha't tren cd sd ffng dung cdng nghe vh su"
dung cac thid't bj hidn dai, thdng tin, dff lieu loan cau. Nhieu qudc gia tren the'gidi da trien khai du lich thdng minh dffdi nhieu hlnh thffc khae nhau dc tao nen nhffng die'm nha'n va ldi the canh tranh trong du lich. Chau Au dffdc ddnh gia la khu vtfc cd ldi the' va dan dau trong xu htfdng phat trien mdi nay. O chau A. nhieu diem de'n cua Nhat Bdn. Han Qud'c, Thdi Lan, Malaysia, Singapore cflng da dau Itf manh eho du ljch Ihdng minh nhff dp dung vi dicn tff, ma QR, diing da'u van tay de thanh todn dich vu, lam thu tuc san bay, nhan phdng. trai nghiem du lich dffa tren cdng nghe thffc le'ao...
Sff phdt trien cua cdng nghe thdng tin cung dang lam thay doi hoan loan phffdng thtfc tie'p cSn, chia se thdng tin cua khdch du lich. Dac biet, sff biing ndcua mang xa hdi va eac ffng dung tren dien thoai di ddng tac dgng ra't ldn de'n viec Itfa chpn diem den. ndi Iffu tru, dia diem an ud'ng cua khdch du lich. Theo ihd'ng ke, nen tang cdng nghe so va dff lieu se chi phd'i tang trtfdng d khu vffc chau A - Thai Binh Dtfdng vdi 80% chuye'n di du ljch dffdc dat trffc tuye'n, va 87% the' he tre cho rdng, dien thoai thdng minh la cdng eu can thie't chodu lich. Khdng nam ngoai xu the'nay, du lieh
Viet Nam dang tiep can nhanh chdng vdi du ljch thdng minh de tao nen nhieu san pham du lich mdi ha'p ddn, kich thich sff tang trtfdng va phdt Irie'n du lich ben vffng.
2.2. NhSng cd hgi de Viet Nam plidt trien du lich thong minh
2.2.1. The che. chinh sdch md dudng cho phdt Inen du lich tliong minh
The che chinh sach la ye'u td' rat quan trpng de khai thdng. md dffdng va tao dieu kien nen tdng, hanh lang phap ly cho phdt trien du lich thdng minh. Ngay 16/01/2017, Bd Chinh tri ban hanh Nghi quye't 08-NQ/TW. khang dinh quan diem:
"Phat trien du Mch trd thanh nganh kinh te mui nhpn la dmh htfdng chie'n Itfdc quan trpng de phdt trien da't ntfdc". De phdt trien du lich trd thanh nganh kinh te mui nhpn can phai thtfc hien dong bd nhieu giai phdp, trong dd. ta't yeu phai day manh ffng dung khoa hpe edng nghe hien dai.
Luat Du Iich nam 2017 cung khdng dinh "Nha ntfdc cd chinh sach irong viec khuyen khieh ho Ird cde boat ddng ffng dung khoa hpc, cdng nghe hien dai phue vu quan ly va phai trien du lieh". Ddc biet, trong Chi thi so' 16/2017/CT-TTg, lan dau tien thuat ngff "du lieh thdng minh" dffdc nhdc den trong mdt van ban phap quy cua Viet Nam: "...ffu tien phat trien cdng nghiep cdng nghe sd', ndng nghiep thdng minh, du ljch thdng minh, dd thi thdng minh".
Cd the ndi, he thd'ng chinh sdch cua Dang va Chinh phu Viet Nam da md ra dinh htfdng chie'n Itfdc quan trpng de trien khai Ihffc hien ffng dung cdng nghe lien tie'n cho phat trien nganh Du lich.
2.2.2. Du licb thdng minh Id ihj trudng liem ndng ldn cho du lich Viet Nam
Theo thd'ng ke cua WeAreSoeial (weareso- cial.com)nam2018, loan the'gidi cd 4,02 ty ngtfdi dung Internet (ehie'm 53%). gan 3,2 ty ngtfdi diing mang xa hpi, hdn 5,1 ty ngtfdi diing dien thoai di ddng (chie'm 68%) trong dd chu ye'u la dien ihoai thdng minh ed ke't nd'i va sff dung Internet. O Viet Nam vdi gan iOO trieu dan ihi cd de'n 64 irieu ngtfdi sff dung Iniernet (chiem 67% dan so'), 55 trieu ngtfdi diing mang xa hdi (chie'm 57%), hdn 70 trieu ngtfdi dung dien thoai di ddng (chiem 73%). Dieu nay cho tha'y. ty le ngffdi dan sff dung Internet va thie't bi thdng minh tren the gidi va d Viet Nam la rat ldn. Day la tien de ldn de Viet Nam phat trien du lich thdng minh.
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Theo thdng ke cua Hiep hdi Thffdng mai dien tff Viet Nam (VECOM). i< le khach du lich trong nffdc dat phdng khdch san trtfc tuven va dat tour trffc tuyen dat hdn 60%; i\ Ie khdch du Iich qudc te sff dung hai dieh vu nay dat hdn 75%. Mdt khao s;il khac vdi khdch du Iieh qud'c teden Viet Nam cho tha'y, cd tdi 71% du khach tham khao thdnglin diem de'n tren Internet: 64%: dat chd va mua dich vu trtfc luye'n trong ehuyen di de'n Viet Nam. Nhtf vay ed the tha'y. khach du Iich sff dung Internet, cdc tien ieh thdng minh, ede thiel thdng minh de llm kie'm ihdng tin du lich. tham khao diem den.
so sdnh va Itfa chon cdc dich vu du ljch hdply. thtfc hien edc giao dieh mua tour, dat phdng, mua \ e may bay. thanh todn trffc tuye'n,.. ngay cang cd xu htfdng gia liing. Hp dang trtfc liep trd thanh nhffng vi "khdeh du lich thdng minh" tiem nang cua du lieh Viet Nam.
Mac du vdi loai hlnh du lieh mdi nay. khdeh hang liem ndng ldn nhffng thi trtfdng du lieh irtfc luye'n lai Viet Nam \'<in cdn nhieu han che. Cac edng ty Iff hanh online ihtfdng hieu toan cau nhtf Agoda.com. booking.eom. Traveloka.com.
Expedia.com dang ddc ehicni thi Irtfdng \di khoang 80% lhi phan. Trong khi dd. chi ed khoang 10 doanh nghiep Viel Nam kinh doanh du lich tfffc luye'n nhff Ivivu.com. chudu24.com. mylour.vn.
iripi.vn, vnti'ip.vn.. Vi \ a \ . du Uch thdng minh se la
"thi trtfdng mau md"cho edc ddn \ i kinh doanh du lich Viet Nam.
2.2.3.- Su chu dcjng i a ticb cUc tiep can Du lich thdng minh cua ngdnh Du Itch
Du lieh thdng minh la mdl ITnh vtfc khd mdi me d Viet Nam, Tuv nhien, de nam bat dtfdc xu the cung nhtf ed nhffng giai phap ffng dung khoa hpc cdng nghe nhdm phat tnen du lieh thdng minh. thi ngiinh Du ljch Viet Nam Iffeac cdquan quan ly du lieh. eae dia phtfdng de'n cdc doanh nghiep du lieh da chu ddng tie'p can loai hlnh du lich mdi nay.
Tbd nhdi. cac cd quan quan ly du ljch tai Viet Nam da phd'i hdp vdi cac cd quan. to chffc. ddn vi trong va ngoiii ntfdc lo ehtfe cac hdi thao. hdi nghi.
tpa dam vdi quy md ea'p tinh, cap nganh, cap qud'c gia \a cap qud'c te xoay quanh chQ de nay.
Thd hai, \ iee hd trd cung ca'p Ihdng lin du lieh.
Hlnh thffe cung cap thdng tin du Iich phd bie'n nha'l hien nay la thdng qua cac he thd'ng website, cdng thdng tin. trang Ihdng tin dien iff, bao dien iff. Hien
!()()% edquan quanlV du lieh vd hau het cac doanh
nghiep du Uch Viet Nam da ed wehsiie neng, Ng;i\ nay, vdi stf phdt trien cua edng nghe lap trinh web, eho phep cac nha lap trinh thiet ke. tieh h^p nhieu tinh nang. tien ich da dang tren nen idng web hd trd edc hoat ddng du lich nhtf: Ban 66 du lich dien tff, chffc nang booking online, thanh todn irtfc tuye'n, ttf van trtfe tuye'n, chdm sde khdch hdng trtfc tuye'n. cde ehffe nang quy ddi tien te. dff bdo ihdi tie't,, tham chi cd the lao ra sff ttfdng ldc tn/c lie'p cua khdch du lich nhtf gdp >'. phan dnh, hlnh luan ve cac stf ki&ndu lich. Ben canh cdc hd ihd'ng website, mang xa hdi ciing la mdl trong nhffng kenh quan trong trong viec chia se thdng lin. trdi nghiem du Ijch va gdp phan quang bd du lich.
Thd ho, vice sffdung nhieu phan mem. nen ich thdng minh. Cdc dia phffdng du hch cung dang phoi hdp tich cffe vdi cde tap doan vien thdng d^ U-ien khai nhffng dtf dn du lich thdng minh, sdn xud't cdc phan mem, lien ich thdng minh cho nganh Du ljch nhtftien ich ve ban dd. llm dffdng, tram bus. travel guide. Dac biel lii cdc Uianh phd ldn nhff Ha Npi trong ndm 2018 da dtfa vao sffdung 2 phan m^m lien ieh thdng minh hd trd du khach gdm hp ihd'ng ihuye't minh tff ddng tai di tich Van Mic'u - Quo'c Tff Gidm va phan mem hffdng dan tham quan Hoang Thanh Thang Long, Dau ndm 2018. Dd Ndng ciing da dffa vao sff dung ffng dung Chatboi
"Da Nang Fantasticity", day la cdng nghe dtfdc siJ dung dau tien tai Viet Nam va Ddng Nam A (ciing vdi Singapore).
Thd tu, stf tich ctfc tie'p can Cdch mang cdng nghiep 4.0 de iheo kip xu hffdng kinh doanh mdi.
ddp ffng nhu eau du Iich da dang cua du khdch cua cac doanh nghiep du lieh Viet Nam. Nhieu doanh nghiep dang tff lam mdi nilnh de trd thanh nhffng doanh nghiep Ihdng minh vdi cac hoal ddng kinh doanh hau he't dffdc trien khai iri/c luye'n, nhtf: markeling, quang bd san ph^m;
nghien cffu md rpng lhi trffdng: ttf van, cham f>6c khach hang; thtfc hien cdc giao dich mua - bdn, thanh loan... Nam 2016. san giao dich du ljch tri/c tuye'n (Tripi) dau tien xua't hien tai Viet Nam, cho phep giao dich cdc tour tron gdi, khach san va ve may bay. Dac biel. Tripi cdn eho phep khdch hang llm kiem, so sanh gid eac san pham du iich va cap nhat chinh xdc 24/24 tinh trang san phim.
IVIVU (ivivu.com) cung la mpt trong nhffng san giao dich du lich ldn. cho phep khdeh du lich tim kie'm thdng tin, so sdnh. Itfa chon va thtfc hi^n
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cdc giao dich ddt tour, mua ve mdy baj. ddt nhien. de phdt trien du lich thdng minh. Viet Nam phdng khdch san vdi hdn 300 tour du lich, hdn can tie'p tuc hoan thien the ehe chinh sach. xac 5.000 khach san tai Viet Nam va 345.000 khdch dinh md hlnh va trien khai thi diem, phat trien san loan the'gidi de du khdch lffa chpn. ngudn nhan Iffe cd trinh dp edng nghe va tdng Nhtf vay cd the tha'y, du Mch thdng minh la xu ctfdng hdp tac qud'c ie'\e khoa hoc edng nghe. day hffdng phdt men ta't ye'u ciia du lieh the gidi ndi manh cdng tac tuyen iruyen. nang cao nhan thffc ehung va nganh Du lich Viet Nam ndi rieng. Tuy ve phat trien du Hch thdng minh •
TAI LlpU THAM KHAO
i.TS. Le Quang Ddng (2019). Cdch mang cdng nghiep 4.0 va tien trinh phat tnen du lich thdng minh iai Vi^i Hi\m, http://itdr.org viUngliien_cuu/cach-mcuig-cong-ngliiep-4-0-va'lien-trinh-phai-irien-du-Hcli-i}iong-minii-tai- vift-nam/.
2, Tdng cue Dulich (2018), "Xu liUehig plicii Irien cua du lich ilie gidi va tac ddng tdi du lich Vici Nam", Hpi ihdo khoa hoc,
.1. NgujcnThi Kieu Trang (2018). Sd ItfOc ve Du lich thong minh. Trtfdng Cao ddng Cdng nghe thong iin Hffu Nglii VivM H^n.bttp://viethcinit.edu.vii/20l8/03/l3/.w-luoc-ve-du-licli-tlwng-miiih/
4. l-l6 Ha (2018), Mf) hlnh du lich thdng minh: Diem nha'n phdt trien nganh kinh te'xanh, Tap chi Kinh leva De/
thj. So thdng 2 nam 2018.
Ngay nh§n hai: 18/3/2020
Ngay phan hi^n danh gia va suTa chO'a: 28/3/2020 Ngay ChS'p nhdn ddng bai: 8/4/2020
Thdng lin Idc gid
ThS. PHAM THI THUV LINH
Khoa Kinh te'cd sd, Trifdng Dai hpc Kinh te'-Ky thuat cdng nghidp
SMART TOURISM: AN INEVITABLE DEVELOPMENT TREND OF VIETNAM'S TOURISM INDUSTRY
• Moster, PHAM THI THUY LINH Faculty of Fundomento! Economics, University of Economics - Technology for Industries ABSTRACT:
The Industry 4 0 has had a strong impact on all sectors and all socio-economic fields, including tourism sector. With the increasing information and communication technological advances, the smart tourism has become an inevitable development trend of Vietnam's tourism industry. This article analyzes the smart tourism and opportunities for developing the smart tourism in Vietnam.
Keywords: Smart tourism, Industrj 4.0. informalion and communication technology.
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