DU LICH XANH 0 THAI LAN VA MOT SO Gdi Y CHO VIET NAM
TRI/C(NG T H U A N YEN*
Tom tdt: Viec phdt trien du lick bin vdng gdn vdi bdo ve mdi trUdng sink tkdi, gid gin bdn s&c v&n hoa cdng nku kkdi phuc vd bdo tSn cdc gid tri udt thi vd phi v&t thi dang thu hut diigc sU quan tam cua nkieu qudc gia, to chde vd cd nhdn. Mpt trong nhiing md hinh phdt triin du lich ben vdng khdng the kkdng ki den md hinh Du lick xank dd dugc nhiiu qudc gia dp dung vd thdnh cdng trong do cd Thdi Lan. Bdi viit ndy khdi qudt md hinh Du lich xank d Tkdi Lan, phdn tick lgi the, tiim n&ng ciia du lich Viet Nam, dong then di xudt cdc gidi phdp gop phdn phdt triin du lick xanh Viet Nam.
Tic khoa: Thdi Lan, ViH Nam, Du lick xanh, phdt triin bin vdng du lick.
1. Dat v a n d e
Du lieh xanh Id rapt hinh thffc du lich ben vttog, tdp trung thu hut vd t l chffc eac chuye'n tham quan kham phd dam bao xdy dffng vd khoi phuc tai nguyen xanh'^'.
Ban chat cua du lieh xanh Id t l ehffe du lich de'n nhitog ncri cd dieu kien tff nhign xanh nguygn so, cdc trang trai tu nhan hodc khdeh san ndng thon dam bao nguygn tae bao ton va phat trien tai nguyen thien nhien'^'.
Du Uch xanh Id loai hinh du lieh mang dac diem ciia sU b i n vitog nhdm ddp ffng nhu eau du lieh cua khdch du Ueh va ngUdi dan dia phUtmg, nhung vdn ed the bao ve dupe moi trffdng tai nguygn tU nhien va bao ton vdn hda dia phuong hieu qua nhat.
Nhu vay, du lich xanh bao gora du lich bao
ton, du Hch vi thign nhien, du Hch sinh thdi, du Uch nong nghiep, du lich cpng dong,,. vdi muc tigu bao vg moi tnidng sinh thai, trong dd cd sU tham gia tich cue ciia cpng dong dia phucmg*^',
Du lich xanh cd vai trb he't sffc quan trpng doi vdi sU phat t r i l n ben vitog ndi chung va doi vdi phdt trien du Hch ben vitog noi rieng. Ngoai y nghia gdp phan bao vg, gin giff vd phdt trien cac gid tri tU nhien, da dang sinh hpc, vdn hda cpng dong, su phdt t r i l n ciia du lieh xanh con gdp phdn phat trien kinh te xa hpi, tdng thu nhap, nang cao nhdn thffc eho ngUdi dan dia phuong, dac biet la ngUdi dan nhttog vung sdu, vung xa, noi co cde khu bao ton thien nhign, cdc canh quan hap ddn, nhttog dde trung vdn hda cpng dong ddc sac va dpc dao. Ngoai ra, du lich xanh ' ThS. TrUCfng Thudn Yen, Trufing Dai hpc Hd "Rnh
con gop p h l n vao vile nang eao ddn tri, sffe khoe cpng ding thdng qua cdc hoat dpng giao due moi trffdng, van hda Uch sff ke't hgp nghi ngcri giai tri. Ben eanh cac lgi ich ve kinh te' xa hdi, du Hch xanh dffgc xem nhu la giai phdp hieu qua trong vile giff gto, bao ve va phdt triln moi trUdng sinh thai thong qua qua trinh lam giam sffc ep khai thae nguon lgi tff nhidn phuc vu nhu cau eua khdeh du Hch, ciia ngffdi dan dia phffong khi tham gia vdo boat dpng du lieh.
2. Mo h i n h d u l i c h x a n h t a i T h a i L a n Vdi rd't nhilu lgi the' ve du lich, Thai Lan la qud'c gia dSn dau trong khu vffc Dong Nam A v l nhffng y tUcfng ldm Du lich xanh (7 Green Concepts). Thang 5/2012, Thdi Lan dffpc trao giai thffdng ctia To chffc Du lieh Lff hdnh ehdu A - Thdi Binh Dffong (PATA) eho chig'n dieh 7 Green Concepts. Trong chien dieh nay, Uy ban Du lich Thdi LEUI hffdng vdo nang cao nhdn thffc, hiiu bie't v l du lich xanh cho tdt ea cdc thdnh phan tham gia du lich, tff ede hang Iff hanh, khdeh san, nhd hang, cac diem vui chai dg'n khdch du lieh.
Mo hinh Du Hch xanh d Thai Lan bao gora 7 npi dung chinh: i) Tam Xank (Green Heart): khuye'n khieh khach du lich ed trach nhiem xd hpi va y thffc bao ve mdi trUdng d cdc diem du lieh; ii) Hgu cdn Xanh (Green Logistics): khuye'n khieh viec sff dung cde phuong tien giao thong than thien vdi moi trudng nhdm gidm thilu cdc tac dpng true tig'p vd gidn tig'p tdi moi trudng; iii) Diim din xanh (Green Destinations): thtic d l y viee quan ly cdc dia diem du lieh theo hUdng co trach nhiem, tdn trpng mdi trudng; iv) Cdng dong xanh (Green Community): ho trg hoat dpng du lich dUa vdo cpng dong d ca nong thdn va thanh thi de nang cao viec bao ve moi trUdng, truyln tho'ng, lo'i sd'ng cila ngUdi
dan ban dia; v) Hogt ddng xanh (Green Activities): thue day cac hoat ddng du lieh phu h t ^ vdi cpng dong dia phuong, tao dieu kien cho khdch du Uch t h a m gia va trai nghiem cac gia tri vdn hda ma khdng ldm phuong hai den moi trucmg; vi) Dich vu xanh (Green Seruice): khuye'n khich tat ca cae nhd cung cap dich vu du Ueh tao aih tuong ngay tff dau d l tao dh tugng va thi^n cam do du khdch nhd vao vigc dam bao tieu chuan dich vu cao ke't hop vdi ton trgng va bao ve moi trffdng; vii) Cpn^
Xanh (Green Plus): khuye'n khich traeh nhiem xa hpi ciia doanh nghiep (CSR) thdng qua cac hoat dpng ho trg cgng dong noi doanh nghiep hoat dpng; cdc hoat dpng kinh doanh hffdng tdi cdc sdng kien tiet kiem nang lugng hoac phat trien ede nguin nang lUdng tdi tao vd cac san phim than thien vdi moi tnfdng''*'.
Tren co sd danh gia t i l m nang du lich cua minh, Thai Lan da quy hoach cac vCing du lich vdi cac tuyen du Uch trpng diem phuc vu chie'n lugc Du lieh xanh. Miln Bdc gom Chiang Rai, Mae Hong Son, Lampang, mien Trung gom Prachuap Khiri Khan, Phetchaburi, Samut Sakhon; mien Dong Bac gim Nakhon Ratchasima, Surin, Ubon Rachathani; m i l n Nam gom Krabi, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat. De hien thuc hoa chig'n luoc nay, Thai Lan da xiic tien nhieu md hinh du lich, bao gom:
Du lich ndng nghiep: Du lich nong nghiep bao gom nhilu boat dpng Ugn quan de'n nong nghiep rad du khach cd the tham gia khdm pha nhti: trong Ida, trong hoa, rau qua va chdn nu6i. Thong thudng, du lich nong nghigp kg't hgp vdi du lich "home- stay". Du khdeh song vdi nhffng ngudi ndng ddn, quan sdt, thara gia vao eac boat ddng . hdng ngay cua hp. Cdc tour du lich nong I nghiep d Thai Lan trai dai tff cdc khu vUc doi nui d mien bac, cac vUdn eay dn qua ciiaj
TrUdng Thudn Yen - Du lich xanh d Thdi Lan vd mot sd gdi y cho Viet Nam 37
Rayong, Chanthaburi d&i nhung l a i ^ ca d miln nam. Mpt s6' md lunh du lieh nong nghiep noi bat d Thai Lan bao gim:
Vudn trai cdy Supattra nkm cf tinh Rayong, each Thu dd Bangkok khoang hai gid di xe 6 t l , dffgc menh danh Id t h i i n dudng cua cac loai trdi cay nhipt ddi. Vudn rpng gan 1.500 ha vdi trgn hai mUoi loai trai edy (mit, sau rigng, budi, xodi, raang cut..), p h l n edn lai Id rttag cao su va nuoi ong lay mat. Mli khu dupe t l chffc theo mdt kilu rigng bigt dffgc rad cffa quanh ndm, du khdch dugc phuc vu t ^ tinh chu dao vdi nhitog hffa tiec trdi edy, tham quan cay trong, chup anh lUU niem...
Vffdn phong lan b tinh Nonthaburi cd (Ugn tich khoang 8 ha chuyen trong gid'ng lan Dmdro. Phan ldn, cde cong vigc nhU tudi nffde va phan deu dugc cd gidi hda.
Dilm dac biet la Ian d day co than cay rat mdp, khde raanh, khong cd thuoc bao ve thue vdt eung nhU kieh thich tang trUdng nhUng tro hoa khd dong loat. Hdng ndm, vUdn hoa thu hut mpt lUpng khach dg'n thdm quan kha ldn.
Nong trai Chokchai (huyen Pak Chong) thupe tinh Nakhon Ratchasima, each Bangkok 159 km. Ndng trai dffpc chia thanh hai khu la khu thara quan du lich va khu to chffc cam trai. Trong do, khu tham quan du lieh hoat dpng nhff mot khu chan nuoi bd sffa. Du khdch tdi ddy dugc hda vao khong khi trong Ianh, thudng thffc nhttog san p h i m tff sffa.
Du lick sinh thdi: trong nhitog nam g i n ddy du lich sinh thai da trd thanh mpt loai hinh du lieh hap ddn du khdeh d Thdi Lan.
Nffde nay hien ed 79 vUdn quoc gia ctmg vdi nhieu khu bao ton thign nhign. Cde vffdn quo'c gia Id ncfi sinh song cua nhilu loai thii quy hiem. Thai Lan da ket hgp du lieh sinh thai vd du lich mao hiem tao nen san pham dpe dao phuc •vu du khdeh. Tai cac vffdn
quoc gia d phia Bac Trekking Id mpt loai hinh du lich pho bie'n trong khi dd tai cac vUdn quo^c gia d phia Nam thi ldn va tham quan dffdi nUdc lai rat pho bil'n. Ngodi ra, khdm pha hang ddng Id mot loai hinh du lich dugc nhilu du khach Ua thieh. Cde diem du lich sinh thdi n l i bat bao gom:
Khao Yai, nghia Id "ngpn niii rpng ldn", each Bangkok chi hon 170 km, I n tuong dau tien cua du khdeh khi ddt chan de'n manh dd't ygn binh nay la nhiihg mang xanh Hen tuc trai dai tren khap mpi neo dudng vd bau khong khi trong lanh, thodng dang. De'n day, du khach se dupe trai nghiem cam gidc manh tren nhitog ehig'e xe ehuyen dung leo lgn d i n tan (Hnh ntii.
Nhd vdy, du khdch se duge tan mat chiem ngffdng ca mpt quan the thign nhign bao la, himg •vT cung he dpng vat phong phu.
Vffdn hoa Dasada Flower: day la vudn hoa cd khong gian lang man, tho mpng vdi nhilu lodi hoa, cay cdi ndra ben nhffng dli nui nhap nho va ho nUdc trong vdt. Ddy cung Id noi d l du khdch tiep xtic, tim hieu vd g i n gui hon vdi cude sd'ng eua ngUdi ddn ban dia khi trUc tie'p tham gia vao cdng doan ddng gdi mun cffa de trong hoac hdi nhitog cay nam tffcri ngon tai trang trai trong ndra "Panorama Farm". Du khdeh con ed the tim hiiu ve ncfi san xud't ra nhttog chai rUgu vang nho, nhdra nhi nhffng co'c nigu vang thcfm nffc tai PB VaUey Khao Yai Winery.
Khu du Ueh Kanehanaburi: nhd vao lgi thg' dia hinh thung lung rong ldn bao quanh bdi nui doi vd nhitog eanh ritog nguyen sinh cung ba eon sdng noi tie'ng Khwae Noi, Khwae Yai, Mae Klong hpp Iffu vdi nhau n i n Kanehanaburi cd khi hdu mat rae quanh ndm. Vi the nffi ddy rat thich hgp cho cac hoat dpng vui choi giai tri gdn Uln vdi sdng nude thu vi nhU vugt thdc, tdm thdc giffa dai ngan nui ritog bao
la vdi phuong phap massage b i n g nUde rat thu -vi. Ben eanh do, Kanehanaburi c6n thu hut du khdeh vdi trai nghiem hoan toan dpe dao, mdi la trgn litog nhitog chu voi khong 16 de du ngoan canh sdc. Ngoai ra, d day con ddc tntog bdi cdy elu bae ngang qua song Kwai, sd hifu net dep thign nhien vdi ra't nhieu dap, ho
Du lick cdng dong: Id mpt xu hUdng trai nghiem du Uch mdi, day trdch nhiem vd mang lai lgi ich cho ca khdch du lich, hoat dpng dieu hdnh du lieh l i n ngffdi dan ban dia. Du Ueh cpng d i n g mang lai eho du khdch nhffng trai nghiem ve cupe sd'ng cua ngffdi dan ban dia trong khi ngudi dan ban dia dugc tham gia trffc tie'p vdo cac boat dpng du lich vd chiu trdch nhiem bao ve tdi nguygn thien nhign, m6i tnidng vd van hda dia phudng. Du Uch cpng ddng giiip tao vigc lam, nang cao thu nhap, bao ve di san, thuc dly binh ddng. Mpt so san pham du lich dUa vdo cpng dong dang chu y bao gom: Ban Ko Klang, huyen Muang, tinh Krabi tao ra mpt san p h i m du lich bdng cdch trinh bdy each sd'ng eua ngffdi (ian (Ua phuffng; Tai Local Alike, ngffdi ddn dia phuong tham gia vao viec thiet ke' cac chuye'n di vd cac hoat ddng de du khaeh cd t h i trai nghiem nhU dan dia phutmg.
Trong eac nUdc Tieu vung sdng Mekong, Thai Lan khdng phai Id nudc co lgi the' ldn nhd't ve tai nguyen vd cdc nguon lUc de phdt trien eac mo hinh du lich. Tuy nhien, thffe tg' cho thay, trong nhttog nam qua, nhd ap dung cde chinh saeh du Ueh hieu qua. Thai Lan dd trd thdnh mot trong nhitog nffde dan diu ve du lieh, nhd't Id vl phdt trien eae mo hinh Du lich xanh.
Thdnh eong ciia md hinh Du lich xanh eua Thai Lan Id cd the Id vi du ddng tham khao eho viec phat trien du Hch cua ede nffde trong khu vue hien nay, trong dd ed Viet Nara.
3. Ltfi t h e v a t i e m n a n g c u a d u lich
\ ^ p t N a m
\ ^ e t Nam ndm trong vanh dai khi hau nhi?t ddi gid mua, vdi VA then tich la (iia hinh doi mii vd cao nguyen, dffdng bdr bien dai 3.260 km, han 4.000 hdn dao ldn nho, ed sU da dang sinh hpc kha eao, ciing nhff cac he sinh thai ddc tntog. Ve he sinh thdi tu nhien, Vipt Nam cd mdt s6' he sinh thdi ddc tntog gom he sinh thai san ho d Viet Nam khd gilu ve t h d n h p h l n lodi, tuong duong vdi cac khu vUc giau san hd khdc 6 Tay Thdi Binh DUOng; h i sinh thai dd't ngfiip nudc d cac •vung ed nhffng dac thii riing, trong dd noi bat la cac h i sinh thai ngap man ven bien trai ddi dpc bd bien ttt Mdng Cai deh Mui Nai. He sinh thai vting eat ven b i l n eua \ ^ e t Nam da dang vdi 60 van ha, tap trung chu ye'u d ven bien mien Trung (30% tong dien tich). Cdc nhdm he sinh thai edt hinh t h a n h trgn cae loai eat khac nhau, bao gdm he sinh thai vung eon cdt trdng vang, hg sinh thai •viing dd't eat biln, he sinh thai vung dd't cat dd... He sinh thai rffng nhiet ddi vdi net dde trUhg la he thong cac khu rffng ddc dung Id noi lUu trff cdc nguon gen quy cua nUdc ta phan bo d khdp tff Nam ra Bac, tff dat Uen tdi cac hai dao.
Viet Nam cung la noi hoi ttj ciia 54 dan toe anh em, moi mot dan tde diu co truyen tho'ng lieh siJf, ddc tntog vdn hda, phong tuc tap qudn, trang phuc truyln thd'ng, ngon ngff rieng tao nen sU da dang eua vdn hoa vd su giao thoa ciia cac nen vdn hda trong cpng dong dan eU nen Vtet Nam cd nhieu dieu kien phdt trien Du lich xanh. .
Chi tinh rieng v l cae di tich d Viet Nam, trong so khoang 40.000 di tich hien c6 thi hon 2.500 di tich dugc Nha nUde ehinh thffc xl'p hang. Tigu bieu nhat la eo do Hue, thanh pho' co Hpi An, thdnh dia
TrUdng Thudn Yin - Du lich xanh d Thdi Lan vd m0t sd gdi y cho Viet Nam
My San... Ngodi cdc di tieh lieh sff, vdn hod, cdch mang, nhieu nghe thti cdng truyln thd'ng vdi ky ndng dpc ddo, nhilu l l h l i gan Uln vdi cac sinh boat vdn hod, vdn nghg ddn gian dac sdc cua cdng dong 54 ddn tde eung vdi nhitog n i t rieng, tinh te"
cua nghe thudt I m thffc dffgc hod quyen, dan xen tren n i n kien true phong canh ed gid tri triet hpe phuong Dong da tao cho Vigt Nam sffe hap dan v l du lieh.
Mac du cd tiem nang rait ldn song viec phdt t r i l n Du lieh xanh d Vilt Nam radi d giai doan diu. Dd'i vdi nhieu nude tren the gidi, trong dd cd Viet Nam, Du lieh xanh
• ^ ^ l a loai hinh du lich mdi ca ve khdi niem lan to ehffe quan ly va khai thae tai nguygn phuc vu cho muc dich du lich. Cdng tac nghien ctfu, dieu tra co ban va quy hoach phdt t r i l n Du lieh xanh con ban ehe'. Nhieu dia phuong, nhieu cong ty Iff hdnh dd c6' gang xay dffng rapt so' chffong trinh, tuyg'n du Hch mang sde thai eua Du Hch xanh song quy m6 vd hinh thffc cdn don (iieu, md nhat, san pham va do'i tffdng thi trUdng cdn chua ro ngn it ed kha ndng thu htit khdeh. Mdt khde, viee dao tao nghigp vu cho dpi ngii can bp dieu hdnh quan ly, hUdng ddn vien du lieh xanh cdn ehffa dap ffng dffpc nhu clu phat triln. Do nhu cau thi tnidng, Viet Nam cung da cd cde mo hmh du lich nhu tham quan, nghien cilu d mdt sd khu vUdn qud'c gia (Cdt Bd, Cue Phuong, Ba Be, Nara Cdt Tign, Tara Nong, U Minh,..); thdra hiem, nghien ctiu vung nui eao nhff Fansipan;
tham quan miet vffdn, song nUdc dong bang song Cffu Long; ldn bien (Ha iong - Cat Ba, Nha Trang...), thdm hiem hang dpng (Phong Nha, Thien Cung), du lich edng dong gan vdi lang eo Phudc Tich (Thffa Thign Hue'...), kham pha ldng chdi bkng thuyin nan (Quang Ninh)...tuy nhign, ket qua vdn chua dupc nhu raong muon.
Thue te' phat trien du lieh ca nUdc thdi gian qua eho thdy, so lUOng du khdch tham gia cae loai hinh du Uch xanh d Viet Nam con rat han che. P h l n ldn du khach den ede vUdn quo'e gia, khu bao ton thiin nhign Id tff ede nffde Tdy Au, Bac My, AustraUa.
Khdeh npi dia chu ye'u la sinh •vign, hpc sinh, can bp nghien cffu. Trong so' khach du lich quoc tg' den Viet Nam hdng nam chi cd khoang 5- 8% tham gia vdo tour du Uch sinh thdi- tff nhign va khoang 40- 45%
tham gia vdo cdc tour du Uch sinh thdi- nhan vdn (nam 2015).
4. M$t s o giai p h a p p h a t trie'n D u Uch x a n h cT Vi^t N a m
Tff nhtfng t h a n h qua ma du lich Thai Lan da vd dang dat dffge, chung ta co the rut r a mot so' bdi hpc tham khao, dong thdi la nhitog giai phap cho viec phat t r i l n rao hinh du Uch nay d Viet Nara, eu t h i nhff sau:
Thd nhdt, can nang cao y thffc ciia ngudi ddn trong viee bao v | radi trUdng tif nhien, tai nguygn nhdn vdn, hUdng mpi ngudi vdo Du Ueh xanh.
Thd hai, cln dau tu ndng eao ehd't lugng san pham du Ueh, lam du lich xanh khong chi la dUa ra nhung san p h i m du lieh dUa tren nguon tai nguyen sdn ed ma eon sang tao ra ede san pham du lich thdn thien vdi moi trffdng, mang ddc tntog vdn hda vung mien, dam bao tinh ddc dao vd ddc sdc ciia cpng dong dan cu. Xay ditog he tho'ng san pham chat lugng, dac sie, da dang va dong bp, cd gia tri gia tang cao; Trdnh to ehffe dan trai, tran lan, trttng ldp, dia phfftfng ndo cung phat trien rapt san pham, cln tao diem nha'n rigng cho radi dia phffOng, hmh thdnh he tho'ng khu, tuyg'n diem du Hch trai dai cd tinh chat vffa Idiac biet, vffa bo sung cho nhau.
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Thd ba, quan tam phat trien ha t a n g eo sd vat chd't ky thudt. Vdi mo hinh Du lieh xanh c l n quy hoaeh khdng gian cong eong gan vdi tff nhign, trdnh be tong, cot thdp hda cdc danh t h i n g , cU tieh vdn hda, lich sff, dde biet c l n quan tam ddn ha t i n g giao thong, tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho viee di lai cua du khaeh; xay dffng mang Iffdi thong tin truyen thdng, dap dng nhu cau Uen lac cho khdch khi de'n thara quan.
Thd tu, tang cffdng cong tac dao tao, phdt t r i l n nguon nhan lUc ca ve so' IffOng ldn cha't lugng trong dd ehu y phdt trien nguon nhdn lue dia phuong, cd t h i ddo tao de chinh nhitog ngUdi dan (3ia phuctog trd thdnh nhitog hudng ddn vien, nhttog ngUdi phue •vu du lich chuygn nghiep.
ThiX n&m, day manh cong tdc xdy diing hinh anh, tao thi trUdng quang bd, gidi thieu cac san p h i m du lieh xanh, xay ditog thucmg hieu du lieh xanh; phan Ioai nhu edu khdeh du Hch nhdm phue vu tdt nhd't eho tttog loai khach; day manh xuc tie'n, gidi thieu san pham du lich theo hudng ehuyen nghiep.
Tkd sdu, ddi vdi cac eo quan nha nUdc cln ed ede chinh saeh hd trg, phat trien cdc mo hinh du Uch xanh, quan tdra de'n •viec bao ton, gin giff tai nguygn trong qua trinh phdt trien du Ueh; ddt eac tru sd d nude ngoai nhdm phuc vii eong tde quang bd, hpp tac, phat trien du lich giffa cac nudc trong khu vUe cimg nhU quo'e tg'.
Thd bdy, quy hoaeh tong the du lieh, xdy dung cde tuyg'n, diem du lieh ehuyen phuc vu du lieh xanh, ban dau ed t h i theo mo hinh 7 Green Concept d Thai Lan;
phat huy the manh vd tang cudng lien kg't giffa cac dia phffong, vung de hinh thanh cac san p h i m du lich ddc tntog ciia tuyg'n du lich theo tttog vung./.
C H U THICH
1. Lukichev AB(2011), Bdn chdt cua bin vdng vd du lick sinh thdi. Tap chi du lich sinh thai Lien bang Nga.- ' 1. - tr 3-6.
2. Kutuzov A.V.(2002). Vcd tro cua du lich sink thai trong viec /ilnh thdnh mpt he tiling nguyen tdc mdi ve mdi triidng, Ky yeu Hpi nghi quoc te lan thff 13 eiia nhd khoa hpc tre tff ngdy 26-30 thdng 12 nam 2002
"Con, tu nhien, xa hpi vd cde van de thuc te ". - St. Petersburg. - trang. 719.
3. Rani Yxichayacun (2003), Du lich the gidi vd plidt triin du licIi T/idi Lan theo chudn gudc ti. Tap huan chien lugc phat trien du lich cpng dong ben vitog, trang 124-127.
NXB Bangkok, Thai Lan.
4. httpV/?greens.tourismthailand.org/en.html.
TAI L I E U THAM KHAO 1. Department of Tourism. Project: Promote
and Develop Green Tourism 2014. Thailand 2. Kutuzov A.V (2002). Vai tro ciia du lich sinh ;
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