Kinh nghiem phat trien kinh te du lich or mot so nvdc va ggi y cho Viet Nam
Nguyin Thj H^ng Um'*' Nguyin Kim Anh'"'
Tom tit: Trong nhimg ndm qua. kinh ti du lich (KTDL) a Viit Nam da phd, tiiin nhanh chdng vd dgi dugc nhOng thdnh tuu ddng khich li. Tuy nhiin. nhOng ddng gdp cua ngdnh ndy cdn chua tuang xung vdi tiim ndng du lich ctia ddt nuac. Trong phgm vi bdi viit ndy, chung tdi khdi qudt kinh nghiim cda mdt s6 nudc (Trung Qudc, Thailand.
Singapore) vi cdc mgt nhu: chinh sdeh cua nhd nudc vi phdt tiiin KTDL; kinh nghlim ddo tgo nhdn lire du lich: xdy dung vd phdt triin sdn phdm du lich: lien kit hgp idc tiong phdt triin KTDL Ddy cd thi xem Id nhirng ggi y hOu ich nhdm khai thdc tdt han Hem ndng vd thi mgnh cua ngdnh du lich d Viit Nam hiin nay. thiic ddy ngdnh kinh li ndy phdt triin mgnh me han nOa tiong thdi gian tdi
Tir khda: Kinh tf du ljch Kinh nghifm qudc ti, Trung Qudc, Thailand, Singapore, Vift Nam Du Ijch Ii nginh kinh ti tdng hpp, cd
tinh lien nginh, lidn vimg vi xi hpi hda cao. Hogt dpng ciia nginh kinh ti niy khdng chi dip irng nhu ciu du Ijch ngiy cing tang ciia ngudi din mi cdn ddng vai tt:d quan ttpng "xuit khiu tgi cho" cic sin phim hing hda vi djch vy. Nhieu nudc da coi KTDL li nginh "cdng nghifp khdng khdi", mang lgi lpi ich vd cimg ldn.
KTDL khdng chi ddng gdp vio ting tnidng kinh te ciia dit nutic, mi cdn tgo dpng lyc phat triin cic nginh kinh ti khic, tgo nhiiu ca hpi viec lim vi thu nhfp cho ngudi din, li phuong tifn quing bi hifu qui hinh inh dit nu(fc,v.v...
TS . Hpc vi$n Chinh trj <5u6c gia Hfl Chi Minh;
Email: [email protected] ' ThS.. Hpc vi«n Chinh'th Qu6c gia H 6 Chl Minh.
Tmng Qudc, Thailand, Singapore li cic nudc khi thinh cdng ttong vifc phit triin nginh kinh ti niy. Qua nghifn ciiu hogt dfng kinh ti du ljch d cic quic gia niy, cd thi nit ra mpt sd bii hpc kinh nghifm sau:
1. Nha nudc quan tarn phit triin kinh te du ljch, coi diy li mpt nginh cdng nghifp khdng khdi
Xdc dinh dung vai tid eua KTDL ti-ong chinh sach phdt triin kinh ti-xd hgi Id mgt trong nhirng yiu td quan trgng hdng ddu diphdt triin KTDL
d ba qudc gia Trung Quoc, Thailand, Singapore, phat ttiin KTDL deu dupc coi li mft ITnh vyc quan ttpng thiic day phit trifn kinh ti vung vi dit nudc. Tir vifc xic djnh vai trd cua KTDL, ci ba nu(k
Kinh nghiem piiat trtAi. 39 deu chu trpng hogch djnh chinh sich vi
I^TDL. tgo mdi trudng chinh sach va phip luft ddng bd, thdng nhit di thiic diy KTDL phat trien nham nang cao site cgnh tranh trong bdi cinh hdi nhap kinh ti qudc te. Cic chinh sich vi KTDL diu dya tt^n bdi canh phit ttiin KTDL qudc ti vi ttong nudc, ket qua nghifn cim thi tmdng, chinh sich ciia ddi thu canh ttanh vi ddi hdi biic thiet phii nang cao ning lyc cgnh ttanh ttong hdi nhfp kinh ti qudc ti.
Dfc bift d Trung Qudc. Chinh phu ludn ddng vai ttxi ttm cdt ttong dan dit KTDL phit trien. Trong qui trinh chuyin ddi ca chi tir ki hoach hda quan lieu bao cip sang ca chi thi tmdng, nin kinh ti I Tmng Qudc ndi chung vi KTDL ndi rieng P deu mang dam diu in cua lfnh dgo nhi
nudc. Tu duy md hinh phat ttiin KTDL Trung Qudc dupc xfiy dyng tir thip din cao, tir thuin hiy mang y nghTa phyc vy chinh trj sang kinh doanh theo nhu ciu thi ttudng, til dom giin, thd rap sang tinh ti vi ngiy cing chuyen nghifp. Nhung budc tifn rd rft qua timg giai dogn la kit qua ciia vifc cii thifn mdi trudng chinh sach, thio bd rio cin, giii phdng sire sin xuit vi tri Igi ty do kinh doanh cho xi hpi. Nhi nudc di khdng chi quin ly vT md mi cdn tham gia quan ly vi md (thdng qua doanh nghifp du ljch nhi nudc), di cao tinh ddng bp vdi tinh than trich nhifm rit cao, giii quyet nhanh nhirng nut thit cin trd hoat dpng kinh doanh du ljch. Chinh phu nudc niy ludn tgo dieu kifn tii chinh cho diu tu ca sd vft chat - hg ting, ciing nhu ca sd vft chat - ky thuit phyc vy du ljch, nhim hifn dgi hda cho KTDL di dim bio du(?c nhiing dieu kien vft chit nhit dinh nhim phyc vu tdt nhat cho du khich, gifl chin du khich luu tni dii hon trong chuyin di ciia hp, tii dd KTDL cd thu nhfp nhiiu han vi sg sdm hoin thinh cic myc tieu de ra.
Ve chien lupc cgnh tranh diem din. ci ba qudc gia deu xay dung khi toan difn.
Ndi dung ke hoach nhim nfing cao nang lyc canh tranh trong timg giai dogn, phii hop vdi dinh hming thi tnidng vi yfu ciu thyc tien phit triin KTDL. Trong bdi canh hdi nhfp kinh te qudc ti, dfc biet la cupc khiing hoing kinh tf toin ciu tir cudi nim 2008 din nay, KTDL rit de bj tdn thuong do nhiing biin ddi vi kinh ti, chinh tri, xa hdi vi mdi trudng. Hon nfla, nhu ciu vi xu hudng di du lich cua khich du lich rit da dgng vi ludn thay ddi, nen vifc xfiy dung chien lupc canh tranh va cd ki hogch cy the, Iinh hogt ttong tung giai dogn Ii rit can thift nhim thich iing kip thdi vdi dien bien mdi tren thj tmdng thi giiii.
Chinh phti cd chinh sdeh qudc gia xuyin sudt cho phdt triin KTDL vd coi trong chiin luge KTDL
De hd tt(jr thyc hifn hifu qui cic chiin djch phit ttiin KTDL tdng thi, chinh phu cac nu(ic niy di cung cip cic khoin diu tu Idn til ngudn ngfin sich cho cic hoat dpng xuc tiin, quang bi diim din, phit ttiin ca sd hg ting du ljch, kit hpp vdi cic bifn phip tgo thufn Ipi cho khich du Ijch nhu mien giim thue gia tri gia ting, miln thj thyc. Cy thi:
O Thailand, Chinh phu cd chinh sich quoc gia xuyen sudt di ho ttv cho KTDL.
Thyc chit chinh sich niy khdng cin quan tim KTDL ddng gdp bao nhifu vio GDP, mi chi quan tam du khach din Thailand da chi bao nhieu tiin vio cic hing hda, djch vu de gdp phin phit ttiin kinh ti-xi hpi cho Thailand. Thailand ludn dft myc tieu thu nhgp tii khich du Ijch ndi chung va hifu qui kinh ti-xf hpi cua c i nudc len hing diu. Vi thi, chinh sich qudc gia ciia hp Ii cic nginh phii ho ttpr cho KTDL phit ttien de thuc hifn xuit khiu tai cho.
Ching han, Chinh phu Thailand da ip
40 Thdng tin Khoa hpc xa hdi. s6 12.2016 dung chinh sich hing khdng gii re de thu
hut khach du ljch. Nginh hing khdng sin sing ho trp cho KTDL bing each giim gii ve, til do gdp phin giim gii cho cic chuong trinh du ljch den Thailand. Difu dd da giai thich nguyen nhan tgi sao gii cic chuang trinh du ljch den Thailand rat hpp ly de thu hiit khich qudc te, tii dd dem lai ngudn thu Idn cho dit nudc Thailand, hS trp cho cic nginh kinh tf khic ciing phit trien.
Vdi Singapore, Chinh phu ciing rat coi trpng chien lupc, ke hogch vi cic chinh sich thiic diy phit trien KTDL. Cic nha hogch djnh chinh sach d qudc gia niy dfu nhfn thiic ring, mudn phit triin KTDL trd thinh mpt trong nhflmg nginh kinh te hing diu thi phii dit nd ttong chifn lupc phit ttiin kinh ti-xi hpi ciia qudc gia. Chien lu(?c uu tien phit triin KTDL niy phii thdng qua mpt hf thing CO che, chinh sich ddng bp nhim huy dpng mpi nguon lyc di thyc hifn, dua KTDL phat ttien vdi tdc dp cao vi vihig chic. Hf thing ca chi chinh sich phii xuit phit til nhflng dfc tnmg ciia du Ijch li nginh kinh te tong hgp, cd tinh lien nginh, lien vimg, xf hdi hda cao, mang tinh toin ciu hda, khu vyc hda. KTDL cing phit ttien thi tinh chit xa hdi hda cua nd cing cao, sy lien nginh vi phgm vi hogt dpng cing rdng rii. Ngoii ra, ca chi va cic chinh sich phat ttiin KTDL phai thich img vdi diiu kifn thuc ti, tan dyng dupc thdi CO vi vfn hpi d hing thdi diim.
2. L|p chuxmg trinh xiic tien, quang bi du Ijch
Ldm tdi chiin luge makeling. ,6 chuc xuc liin sdn phdm vd diim din du lick xem ddy Id kinh gidi thiiu sdn phdm du Hch din vdi du khdch
Vifc thyc hifn chiin luijrc xiic tiin, quing bi thuang hifu diim din ciia Trung
Qudc, Thailand vi Singapore ludn dupc xfiy dung, td chiic cdng phu, kich bin chit che vi khoa hpc. Ndi dung quing bi, xiic tiin thudng tfp trung vao mpt hofc hai sin phim cy thi chir khdng dan trii ra nhiiu chi tiet, hang myc, diem dfn. Hp ludn tham gia cic ky hdi cha vtii mpt hofc hai sin pham du lich, khdng nhieu han vi dd ludn li nhumg sin pham da hoin chinh,
"chi cin bim mit khdi ddng"
Trung Qudc dua ra cic chuang ttinh xiic tiin, quing bi du lich rit in tupng, duoc thiet ke thudng xuyen, mang tinh thdng nhat cao vi rat dfc trung. Nhd cdng tie xiic tifn, quing bi cd chat lupng ma qudc gia niy da thiic diy sy phit triin cua KTDL, giiip KTDL Trung Qudc phit ttiin ning dpng va ngiy cing ddng gdp nhiiu hem cho ting tmdng kinh ti eiia dit nutic.
- Coi trgng ddu lu cho chiin luge xuc liin du lich
Tong cyc Du ljch Thailand dfc bift coi trpng hoat dpng xiic tiin, quing bi thdng qua hing loat chiin djch vdi ngudn kinh phi tmng binh hing nfm tii 80 trieu din 150 trifu USD. Ngoii ra, cic doanh nghifp IQ hinh du ljch phii ttich nfp 1 USD/1 du khich de ho ttp cho cic hoat dpng ciia Ting cue Du Ijch Thailand. Hifn nay, vdi 36 vin phdng dgi difn trong nudc vi 21 vin phdng dai difn d nudc ngoii, Tdng cyc Du lich Thailand di tich cyc xiic tien, quing bi du lich dit nu(3rc d ci trong vi ngoai nudc. Nhd coi trpng dau tu cho chiin lupc xiic tiin, quang bi du Ijch mi KTDL d Thailand di rit thinh cdng trong vifc thu hut khich qudc ti, dem lai hifu qui kinh ti-xi hdi ngiy cing cao.
3. Dio tao nhan luc cho kinh tl du Ijch - Coi irong bdi dudng, sir dung nhdn luc du lich di xdy dung vd phd, ,riin nhdn luc cho KTDL
Kinh nglii^ phat tnin..
41 Til ket qua nghien ciiu kinh nghifm
ciia ba nudc Tmng Qudc. Thailand, Singapore cho thiy, yiu td quyit dinh di phit trien KTDL li chit lupng nguon nhan luc. Ci ba nudc diu thinh cdng hong vifc thu hiit khach du lich nhd ngudn nhfin lyc du Ijch dupc dio tgo chuyen nghifp, cd kiin thiic vi kinh nghifm chuyen mdn cao, ldng yeu nghi vi^ sy nghiem hie trong cdng vifc. Dgc bift, ba qudc gia tten Ii nhflng ttung tam dio tgo ve ngudn nhin lyc du lich cua khu vyc. Chinh nguon nhfin lyc du ljch chuyfn nghifp, chfit luong cao la mdt ttong nhflng yeu td giup nfing tim vi thi vi nang lyc cgnh ttanh cua hp nhu nhung diim din du ljch qudc ti.
- Chdm lo ddo tgo dgi ngU hudng ddn viin du lich chuyen nghiip
Cd thf ndi, hudng dan vien Ii ngudi quan ttxjng nhit trong vifc gidi thifu vin hda cua dit nudc cho cic du khich qudc tf. Hp Ii dgi difn ciia dit nudc di ddn tiip du khich. do vfy du khich cd yeu quy dit nu(3rc do hay khdng, cd in tupng tot vi mudn quay ttd lgi hay khdng mpt phin khdng nhd Ii nhd dpi ngu huting din vifn du ljch. d Singapore, di dupe trd thinh hudng dan vien chuyen nghifp, dxigc cip thf, ddi hdi phii hpc rit vit vi vi ttai qua qui ttinh thi cir ciing rit khd khin. Chinh vi ly do dd, cho den nay d qudc gia niy da cd dupc dfi ngfl hudng dan vien rit chuyen nghifp. Horn thi nua, dfi ngu hu(3mg dan vien niy rit cd ky ning thu hiit du khich den nhflng noi giii tri, nhumg nai bin hing tgi nhOmg co sd kinh doanh di kem vdi du Ijch gdp phin lam giiu them cho dit nudc minh. Tmng Qudc cung rat chii trpng dio tgo ngudn nhfin luc chuyen nghifp: qudc gia niy da thiit Ifp dupc mgng ludi cic ca sd dio tgo du Ijch rpng khip ci nudc, chuang ttinh dio tgo
da dgng, phuong phip giing day hifn dgi, ket hpp vdi nen ting co sd hg ting chit lupng phu hpp vdi thuc ti li minh chiing rd net nhit vi vin di niy. Ngudn nhan lyc dupc dao tao bii bin da ddng vai trd chii chdt trong thiit ki, thyc hifn cac chuang ttinh xiic tien du ljch hieu qui. KTDL d Trung Qudc chuyin ddi mang tinh dot phi qua 4 giai dogn vi hien dang tham gia vio qua trinh hpi nhfp du ljch loan ciu vtii siic bat mgnh me. Kinh nghifm ciia hp thyc sy quy biu ddi vdi Viet Nam trong qui trinh chuyen ddi tu du lich chinh tti vi thy ddng sang du lj(:h kinh ti vi chii ddng hdi nhgp kinh ti qudc ti.
- Ddo tgo tdt dgi ngU diiu hdnh du lich Diiu hinh du lich li nhflng ngudi thiit ki chuang ttinh du lich, dft cac djch vy cho khich vi bin giao mpi chi tiit vi doin khich cho hudng din vien ttudc khi ddn mpt doan khich quoc ti vio dit nudc minh. O Singapore, nhflng ngudi diiu hanh du ljch diu lim vifc rit cham chi bit ke thdi gian. Bit cir khi nio cd tmdng hpp cfn giai quyit, bit cii phit sinh nio xiy ra.
hp thudng ngay lfp hic din gfp doin khich vi giai quyit nhanh chdng.
4. Xay d^n^ vi da dang hda san pham du ljch Dk xfiy dyng vi da dgng hda sin pham du ljch, cin quan tam din nhflng yeu td sau:
- Phdi huy gid tri van hda. lin ngudng vd nhiing yiu Id hdp ddn khdc trong xdy dirng sdn phdm du lich
Phit huy cic gii tti vin hda, tin ngudng vi nhflng >'iu td h ^ din khic ttong xay dyng sin phim du Ijch la mdt nhan td tao ra sy khic bift ttong sin phim du ljch cua timg vung, ttmg q i ^ gja. Niu Tmng ()udc vi Thailand da rit thinh cdng ttong khai thic cic gii tti vin hda, ttn ngudng thi Singapore lgi tao nen sy hip din ddi vdi
42 Thdng Hn Khoa hpc xa hdt. sd 12.2016 du khich bing sy ddc dio trong khai thic
sin phim "du Ijch xanh". \'a quan trpng li ca ba qudc gia di tgo nen nhirng sy khac bift cho nhflmg sin pham du Ijch ciia qudc gia minh df thu hut du khach.
Thailand di phit huy tdt cic gii tri vin hda, tin nguOng trong xay dung sin phim du ljch. Trung Qudc cung tgo sy khic bift ve sin pham du Ijch tren nen ting gii tri van hda, tren co sd khai thic cic gii tri vin hda-lich sii de cung iing ra thj ttudng nhiiu sin pham du lich ddc dio. khic bift. an tupng.
Singapore cung phit ttien sin phfim
"du Ijch xanh" vi xay dung thuang hifu vdi nhflmg yeu to hip dan khic biet An tupng diu tien ciia du khich vdi dit nude Singapore li cinh quan \a mdi tmdng rit sgch. Chinh dieu nav di lim nen mpt Singapore khic bift vdi cic qudc gia khic. Mft khic, quoc gia niy cung chii trpng phit triin sin phim du Ijch cgnh tranh phii hpp vdi nhu cfiu thj tmdng (casino). Dfc ttung nhit ciia sin phim du Ijch li chuang trinh du Ijch, Singapore cung cip cho thj trudng qudc ti nhiiu chuong trinh du Ijch. ttong do cd sin pham casino phii hpp vdi nhu ciu, thj hiiu ciia nhieu du khich. Hp phfin mang thj tmdng khich du Ijch qudc ti va dua ra nhftng chuang trinh phii hi;^) cho timg thj tmdng. Cic chuang trinh cho du khich chiu Au khic chuang trinh cho du khich chau A vi chiu Uc, chau My... Ngay ci trong cimg mpt thj ttudng thi cung cd cac chuong trinh phyc vy rieng cho timg nudc khic nhau, tiiy theo nhu ciu vi khi ning chi tra cua timg du khach. Mfe dii Ii dit nuiic nhd be nhung Singapore da trd thanh mpt diem din hip dan ttong con mit du khich khip nai trfn thi gidi. Vdi no lyc ciia Cyc Xiic tiin du Ijch, cua cic ca quan hftu quan Chinh phii vi cic doanh nghifp du Ijch, Singapore du kiin sd xay dyng
thinh mpt thii dd cua du Ijch, mpt hire tranh sinh dpng vi hap din ciia "nginh cdng nghifp khdng khdi" trong tuong lai khdng xa.
Coi trgng viic ndng cao sdc cgnh tianh cda sdn phdm du lich
Vf quy md vi chat lugmg sin pham du ljch: Sin pham du lich ddng vai trd rat quan trpng trong vifc nang cao sire cgnh tranh cua KTDL moi viing, moi quoc gia.
Sin phfim du ljch dan difu, kem hip dan se yfu thi trong cgnh tranh vi khd cd thi Idi keo dupc du khach. Vi vfy, da dgng hda vi nfing cao chit lupng sin phim du Ijch chinh la chien lupc ma ci ba nudc dfu coi trpng de dip irng nhu ciu cua thi ttudng. Vifc diu tu phit triin du ljch sinh thii, vin hda, du Ijeh sy kien, chuyen di.
mua sim, nghi dudng, leo niii, Ifn biin,...
theo huting khic bift da thyc sy mang Igi hifu qui, gdp phin nang cao nang luc cgnh tranh cua ba nudc ttong thdi gian qua.
v i sin phim du ljch dfc thii: ba nudc diu quan tfim phit triin sin phim du Ijch dfc thii di tao lpi thi trong canh tranh.
Ching hgn, sin phim dfc thii cua Tmng Qudc la cic sin pham du Ijch mang dfm tinh van hda, Ijch sir; sin phim du lich dfc thii ciia Thailand la cic sin phim du Ijch mua sim, ll hpi; sin phim du Ijch dfc thii ciia Singapore Ii du ljch xanh, casino...
v i chiin lupc gii ci: Thailand Ii nudc rfit thinh cdng trong chiin lupc gii ci sin phim du ljch. Hp thudng to chiic cic sy kifn di thu hut khich du Ijch vao miia thap diim nhu chiin djch "sieu giam gii", giim gii ve miy bay vi cac djch vy mft dit... Dfy Ii bii hpc quan trpng nhim giim tinh chit miia vy, kich thich nhu ciu du Ijch, ting xuit khiu tgi cho vi nang cao hifu qui kinh doanh cho doanh nghifp du lich thuang mgi vi djch vy. dfc bift la cic ca sd luu tni.
Kinh nghi«m phat h 1 ^ . . .
43
Quan ldm xdy dung vd phdt ti-iin san phdm du lich Id uu lien tiong chiin luge phdi iriin KTDL
O Thailand, di phit triin sin phim du ljch nham nfing cao sire cgnh tranh ttong hpi nhap kinh ti qudc ti, Tdng cue Du Ijch Thailand dk xuit xay dung chinh sich qudc gia ve phat triin du Ijch sinh thai dung hudng vi hinh thanh he thdng du ljch bin vumg. Du Ijch van hda va sinh thai lien quan din quan Iy ngudn tai nguyfn thien nhien vi nhan van, phit triin xa hdi, sy tham gia ciia cdng ddng dan cu vi nhflng cai thien cupc song ciia hp. Vi viy. chinh sich gin vdi nhung vin di nay dupc Thailand xem la chinh sich tdng thi, trong do moi vin di Igi cd tic ddng tich cyc din vin di khic nhim lim clio ci hf thdng dupc tdt hon nhu: mdi sinh, quan ly ngudn tii nguyen du Ijch, du Ijch bin vOmg, phit triin kinh ti-xi hpi, su tham gia cua cpng ddng dja phuang. NhOng chinh sach vi chiin lupc dd gin vdi yeu cau diu tu phat triin kit ciu hg ting vi dj^ch vu du Ijch, kiin tnic canh quan, bio vf mdi tmdng. td chiic quin ly vi khai thic cic khu du Ijch vin hda vi sinh thai.
- Coi trong vice cung cdp cdc dich vu hi) Irg cho KTDL
O Thailand, vifc cung cip thdng tin vi hudng dan cho du khich Ii nhifm vu quan trpng cua nginh du Ijch. Ngoii ra.
cic doanh nghifp du Ijch Thailand cd thi gidi thifu cic san phim du lich cua minh, Tdng cyc Du ljch d qudc gia nay sa ho trp kinh phi xiic tien quan he cdng chiing.
quang ba de thu hut khach du Ijch tmy cfp vi cgp nhgt thdng tin.
5. Lien kit. hprp tac trong phat triin kinh tc du lich
Vdi tinh chit li nginh kinh ti tdng hpp, cd tinh lien nginh, lien \iing va xi hpi hda cao, sy phat trien KTDL khdng
chi bd hep trong mdt qudc gia, lanh thd mi ludn vuon ra khdi phgm \ i hanh chinh mdt dja phuong, qudc gia vi khu vuc.
Vifc lien kit KTDL gifla cic linh thd khac nhau cho phep khai thic nhung Ipi the ttiong ddi cua nhau \ i tai nguyen du Ijch. vi vj tri trong giao thuang, vi hg ting, ca sd vat chit ky thuft vi cic ngudn luc khic di phat triin KTDL. Ddng thdi, lien kit KTDL gifla cic chu thi hinh chinh cdn tgo nen khi ning cgnh tranh cao hom dpi vdi cic ben lien quan nhim thu hut diu ttr tir cic ngudn vdn trong vi ngoii nudc, thu hiit khich du Ijch din moi dja bin nhim thu Ipi nhufn, ddng thdi giai quyet vifc lim cho ngudn lao ddng tai dja phuang.
Cic nudc cd nin du Ijch phit triin nhu Singapore, Thailand... di lien kit. hpp tic tir rit sdm. Hp lien kit di kit ndi chuang trinh du Ijch, tgo ra nhung sin pham du Ijch die trung, chuyen biet cho moi qudc gia. Hinh thiic lien kit cua hp la lien ket ndi vimg, ngogi vimg va lien kit da nginh. Dfc biet. d Thailand su lien kit gifla KTDL vdi nganh hing khdng rit chat che. nhim ^tgo ra nhflng chuang trinh du Ijch hap dan \di mft bing gii ci canh tranh... de thu hut khich du Ijch qudc ti.
6. Mien thj thuc cho khach du Ijch, tgo mdi trudng chinh trj dn djnh, dam bao in ninh, an toan cho du khach
Miln thj thuc cho khich du lich Ii chinh sich cd tinh chiin lupc nhim thu hiit khach qudc ti. Thailand da ip dung tit thanh cdng chinh sach niy. diiu do di gdp phfin thiic diy vifc thu hut khach qudc ti den nudc niy thdi gian qua. Trong bdi canh hien nay, mien thj thyc van duac coi li mpt ttong nhftng chinh sich quan trpng nhim ting tinh canh tranh. qua dd kich thich nhu cfiu vi thiic day khach du Ijch lya chpn diem din.
44 ThOng lin Khoa hpc xa hpt. sd 12.2016 Mdi ttudng chinh tti dn djnh. dit
nudc an binh, mdi tiudng sinh thii trong sgch Ii dieu kifn ly tudng cho vifc thu hut khich du ljch. Diy Ii mdt trong nhiing thi mgnh cua KTDL d Singapore. Qudc gia niy hifn dupc coi Ii mdt trong nhiing diem tham quan an toin nhit the gidi. Cac bifn phip an ninh dupc thit chft ttong cac khu vyc quan ttong, nhumg ncri nhay cim khic nhim dim bio cho Singapore vfin tiep tyc Ii diem den an toan trong tuang lai. Vfin de an toin giao thdng ciing dupc du khich quan tam khi di du Ijch tgi nudc ngoii. Tai Singapore, cic phuomg tifn giao thdng chip hinh rfit dung luft, tai ngn giao thdng rit it, hiu hit ngudi dfin diu cd y thirc cao ttong viec chap hinh luft If giao thdng. Ngudi tham gia giao thdng, dfc bift li du khich thudng hay di bp di tham quan, cd the yen tim sang dudng vi chi can in mit tten cdt den tin hifu li doin xe d td s6 dimg di nhudng dudng. Ben cgnh dd, logi bd cic phiin toil va lo ling cho du khich ttong chuyin du Ijch Ii diiu mi Singapore di lim rit tdt. 0 quoc gia niy hiu nhu khdng bao gid cd in xin hay chfeo k6o du khich. Diiu niy li mpt trong nhftng yiu to khiin khich du ljch qudc ti hii Idng vi dinh gii cao.
Thailand ttutic day thu hut dupc nhiiu khich du Ijch cflng chinh nhd lpi thi tten.
Thu nhfp tir khich du Ijch cua Thailand chiim tdi gin 7% GDP vi du ljch cung li nginh giii quyit dupc nhiiu vifc lim cho ngudi lao dpng. Nam 2008, nhd nin chinh hi dn djnh mi nginh thu vi 540 ty bgt (khoing 15,4 ty USD). Nhung sau khi xiy ra bit dn vi chinh tti, xi hpi, KTDL d Thailand da chju thift hgi nfng ni. Nam 2009, sau khi cic cupc biiu tmh nd ra, nginh du Ijch da bj thiet hgi rat Idn - dpt suy giim manh nhit cua KTDL d Thailand trong gin 5 thfp ky qua. Theo con sd thdng ke, miic thift hgi cua nginh nay
ttong nfm 2009 da len tdi 200 ty bgt, han 2 trifu ngudi lim trong nganh du Ijch bj inh hudng, thgm chi mit \ iec lim. Nhflng diln bifn trong KTDL d Thailand cho thiy.
neu de xiy ra nhirng bien cd phiic tap uong cic nginh dich vu, nhat Ii nhumg nginh lien quan din ngudi nudc ngoai, thi inh hudng xiu se rit ldn, vifc khic phyc hfu qui sg rit khd khan va tdn kem thdi gian, tiin bgc.
Nhumg kinh nghiem tren la nhflmg bii hpc bd ich mi Vift Nam cd thf vi cin vfn dung dk phit triin KTDL ttong hpi nhfp kinh te qudc te. Tuy nhifn trong qui trinh vfn dyng, ciii chii y din tinh dfc thii ciia quoc gia di di ra nhung chii ttirong, chinh sich phit triin phii hpp nhim dem lai hifu qui KTDL cao nhit a
Tii lifu tham khao
1. Nguyin Trimg Khinh (2012), Phdi triin dich vg la hdnh du Ifch tron^
diiu hin hoi nhgp kinh ti qudc ti:
Kinh nghlim ctia mgt sd nudc Ddng A vd ggi y chinh sdeh cho Viit Nam, Lufn in Tiin sT Kinh ti, Hpc vifn Khoa hpc xi hpi, Vifn Khoa hpc xi hpi Vift Nam.
2. Martin Oppermann vi Kye Sung Chon (1997), Tourism in Developing Countries, Intemational Thomson Business Press.
3. Susan A.Weston (1996), Commercial Recreation & Tourism An Introduction to Business Oriented Recreation, Brown & Benchmark.
4. Vifn Nghien ciiu vi Phit triin Du Ijch (2012), Phi duyi, Chiin luge phdi triin du lich Viii Nam. ldm nhin din ndm 2030, www.itdr.org.vn.
5. Cic ttang web:
www.tourism.gov.my;www.tourismth aiIand.org;www.un wto.org; www. wttc.
org; wv^fw.visitsingapore.com
