qUANTR!-QUANLY
SlJ HINH THANH VA QUAN NIEM DU LICH NONG THON d MOT SO
QUOC GIA TREN THE GlOfi:
KINH NGHIEM CHO PHAT TRIEN DU LICH NONG THON VIET NAM
• BUI TH! LAN HJdNG
TOM TAT:
Du lich nong thon (Rural Tourism) la mot thuat ngu" difOc dung kha phd bie'n d hau he't cac quocgia tren the gidi. d Vidt Nam, thuat ngff nay con kha mdi me, chu'a difOc phd bid'n v^ su"
dung rong rai. Viet Nam la quO'c gia co tiem nang de phat trien du lich nong thon rat ldn. Bai vi6't Ik ke't qua nghien cu'u tai lidu vl sif hinh thanh va quan niem du lich nong thon cua mot so'qudc gia trdn th6'gidi, nham lam ro hdn kh^i nidm du Ijch n6ng thon cl nu'dc ta.
Tfif khda: Du lich n6ng th6n, quan niem, hinh thanh, du lich.
1. Gi^i thidu
Nganh Du lich Viet Nam trong nhffng nam gan dSy da phat trien rat nhanh, phan ldn la nhd vao ngu6n tai nguyen du lich cua mfdc ta v6 cung da dang va phong phu. Trong cac ngudn tai nguyen do, c6 tren 3/4 cac khu di tich van hoa, lich su", khu bao tdn thien nhidn, canh quan thien nhien la nam tai cac vdng ndng thon. Ngay cang nhieu cac diem de'n du hch la d viing nong thon. The nhu'ng, hoat dpng cua nganh Du lich npi dia chi mdi chu yd'u mang lai ldi ich cho Nha nu'dc va khu vifc tu'nhan, cdn nhffng ngu'di dan so'ng d vung nong thon - chu nhan tai nguyen nong thon, nhffng ngifdi da difa di san .sinh thai va van hda cua minh tham gia vao ngudn tai nguyen cho hoat dpng du hch thi lai thu du'dc rat It tff nhffng hoat dong nay.
Trong khi d nhieu nifdc tren the gidi, du lich da dffdc thie't I|p nhff la mot nguon thu nh^p va viec lam cho ngffdi dan nong thon, mang lai gia tri ve nhieu mat cho cdng cupc phat trie'n nong thon
Mdt trong nhu'ng nguyen nhan dan ddn tinh trang trdn la do quan niem ve du lich nong thon d nffdc ta chifa rd rang, chffa du'ng tren gdc dd tai nguyen dd xac dinh chu the cua cac ngudn tai nguyen dd. Muc dich cua vide phat trien cac didm de'n du lich d vung nong thon chffa dffOc quan tam diing mffc. Trong gidi han bai bao nay phan tich mdt so' net chinh ve sff hinh thanh va quan nidm du lich nong thon d mot so' nu'dc tren the' gidi. Tff do, van dung chiing vao dieu kien hoan canh cua nffdc ta, de chiing ta cd each nhin rd hdn vd du lich ndng thon d nffdc ta.
Bao cao la ke'l qua tdng hdp tai lieu nghien cffu trong va ngoai nu'dc cd lien quan de'n du lich nong thdn.
2. Con dUdng hinh thanh du lich ndng thon 2.1. Du lich ndng thon cdc qud'c gia dang phdt trien
Theo kinh nghiem cua cac quo'c gia nay, nhat ia cac nffdc trong khu vffc chau A, vide ngffdi dan to
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TAP cni CONG THIflfNG
chu'c kinh doanh dich vu du lich d nhffng vung ndng thdn dffdi sff ho trd cua chinh phu da dem lai nhffng ddng gdp dang ke cho cong cupc phat tridn nong thon d nhffng quoc gia nay. O Han Quo'c, du lich nong thon bat dau vao nhffng nam 1994 tff mdt dff an cua chinh phu nham tang thu nhap cho ndng dan, loai hinh phuc vu cd ban la nghi dffdng d cac trang trai do ngffdi nong dan lam chu. Nam 2002, Bd Nong Lam Han Qud'c tid'p tuc trie'n khai tie'p 2000 dff an ve phat trien du lich nong thon tren da't nffdc nay. 6 Nhat Ban, nam 1995, Bd Ndng Lam Thuy san Nhat Ban da thie't lap mot chffOng trinh nha nghi ndng thdn trdn khap da't nffdc. Cac nha nghi ndng thdn nay chu yd'u do cac nong hp hay trang trai ca the dffng ra td chffc. Du khach dffdc phuc vu cac dich vu an nghi tai nha nghi ndng thdn hoac tham gia vao cac hoat dpng hang ngay d day nhff viec trdng trpt. gat hai hay cau ca... Chffdng trlnh nay da gop phan lam hoi sinh viing nong thdn cua Nhat Ban vd'n dffdc xem la gia cdi va tri trd tff sau chid'n tranh the' gidi lan thff hai. O Dai Loan, nam 1998, du Hch nong thdn da trd thanh mot phan ciia phat trien ndng thdn, gdp phan tac ddng tich cffc dd'n sff phat trien ndng nghiep, tang thu nhap cho ngffdi ndng dan va cai thien mffc sd'ng d nhffng viing ndng thdn mdt each cd y nghia.
Tff nam 2004, Nepal da dffdc To' chffc Phiit trien Lidn hdp qud'c (UNDP) hd trd mdt dff an phat trien
du hch ndng thdn nh3m xda ddi giam ngheo.
Tffdng tff, UNDP cung hd trd chinh phu dat nffdc An Dp thffc hidn mot chffdng trinh du lich ndng thdn cd tinh chie'n Iffdc va dai hdi tren khap da't nffdc, nham chd'ng ddi ngheo d khu vffc ndng thdn.
Trung Qud'c la qud'c gia cd qui md to chffc du lich ndng thdn Idn nha't the gidi. Tff nam 2006, chinh phu Trung Qud'c da td chffc nam du lich qudc gia ve du lich ndng thdn, vdi chu de "Cho'ng doi ngheo bang con dffdng phat trien du lich ndng thdn", nham thffc hien td't md'i quan he tffdng hd giffa thanh thi va ndng thdn.
Nhff vdy, d cac qudc gia dang phat tridn, ndi ma nen ndng nghiep cdn chie'm ffu thd', ndn cdng nghiep va dd thi hoda dang tren da hinh thanh va phat tridn, du lich ndng thdn chi mdi khdi dau trong nhffng nam giffa thap ky 90 cua the' ky 20 trd lai day. Phat trien du lich ndng thdn dffdc nhin nhan nhff mot each lam tang ngudn thu nhap, hd trfl chd'ng ddi ngheo va tai to chffc lai ndng thdn thdng qua sff phat tnen du lich ndng nhff mdt nganh nghi phi ndng nghiep. Phan ldn 6 cac qud'c gia nay, phat trie'n du hch ndng thdn da la mdt phan trong chffdng trinh phat trien qud'c gia ciia chinh phu.
Cong ddng cff dan ndng thon la lffc Iffdng chinh to chffc cac hoat ddng kinh doanh du hch d nong thon, dffa tren ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien, nhan van va xa hpi cua viing ndng thdn dd.
Bang 1. Tom tat con dadng hinh thdnh du Ijch nong thon d cac qudc gia dang phat trien
Ten quoc gia
Han Qud'c
Nhat Ban
Bai Loan
AnD6 Nepal
Trung Qud'c Nam thitc hi$n
1994 2002
1995
1998 2000 2004
2006
Con dirdng thuc hi#n Dif andu lich ndng thdn Dilanduljch ndng thdn Chuong trinh du lich
ndng thdn Chuong trlnh phat tridn
ndng thdn DUan du hch ndng thdn Di^ an du hch ndng thdn
Nam qudc gia Du hch ndng thdn
Vai tro to chiic Chinh phu Bd Ndng Lam
Chfnh phu
Chinh phu UNDP UNDP Chinh phii
Muc dich thffc hi$n Phat tnen ndng thdn Phat trien ndng thdn
Tai kien thiet ndng thdn
Tai kien thie't ndng thdn
Chdng doi ngheo Chdng doi ngheo Chong dot ngheo
Loai hinh chii ye'u Trang trai du hch
Home stay
Home stay
Du hch trang trai Du hch ban lang Du hch Du hch ban iang
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QUAN TRI-QUAN IV
2.2. Du Ijch ndng thon d cdc qud'c gia phdt triin
Co the ndi, lich siJ du lich ndng thdn da manh nha hinh thanh tff cac nffdc phat trien, ke tff nhffng nam cua the' ky thff 19, khi nen cdng nghiep cd khi bat dau phat trien manh. Tuy nhien, cho mai dd'n nhffng nam dau cua thap ky 80, du lich nong thdn dffdc khdi xffdng dau tien d cac nffdc thupc chau Au va chau My, phd bie'n nhS't phai kd de'n cac qud'c gia nhff Canada, Hungary, Ha Lan...
Hinh thffc du lich nay chu ye'u nham thoa man nhu cau du lich ngay mdt da dang ciia khach du lich.
- 0 Canada, tff nam 1961, mot bp luat ve khai kh£n va qui hoach da't ndng nghiep da dffdc ban bd', mot ban ke khai cac loai tai nguyen thien nhien thich hdp cho sff dung vao muc dich giai tri ngoai trdi da dffpc thffc hien. Qua do, chinh quyen dia phffdng cac viing ndng thdn da thu thap nhffng thdng tin can thie't de vach ra cac chie'n Iffdc va nhffng chffdng trinh hanh ddng cu thd.
- 0 Phap, chu trffdng ve quy hoach cac khu vffc ndng thdn da khuye'n khich mdt sd'hoat ddng thiic day du lich ndng thdn. Nam 1976, chinh phu Phap ke't hdp vdi Hiep hdi ndng dan va td chffc hoat ddng du lich d vung ndng thdn. Chffdng trinh nay da lam tang gia tri viing ndng thdn. Cd tdi 100 chie'n dich vung da't ddn khach da dffdc phat ddng tai Phap trong giai doan nay. Dieu quan trpng la 1/3 so' sang kie'n da dffdc de xua't tff dia phffdng. Ke't qua nam 1982, 1/4 sd'khach du lich Phap da hffdng ve cac tuye'n du lich ndng thdn, da hinh thanh mdt hien tffdng mang tinh dai chiing ciia du Hch trong khdng gian ndng thdn.
- O Y, nam 1966, Hiep hpi toan qud'c ve ndng nghidp va du lich da dffdc sang lap tff nhifng ngffdi ndng dSn tre va c^c nha kmh te. Muc tidu hoat dpng ciia td chffc nay hffdng de'n van de nhay cam dang dffdc xa hdi quan tam la bao ton thien nhien va bao ve viing ndng thdn.
- Vffdng qud'c Bi vdi dia hinh da dang, khung canh thien nhidn thd mdng. Dac biet, viing ndng thdn cd nhieu rffng, ddng cd xen lln vdi nhffng lau dai co' kinh, toa lau dai, nha cd, lang cd,..
Nhidu dff an quy hoach phat trien du lich ndng thdn d nffdc nay dffdc tie'n hanh. Cd sd v$t chS't lffu trii d vung ndng thdn cua Bi thffc cha't la nhu'ng ngdi nha ciia cff dan dja phifdng hoac nha nghi thff hai dffdc tu bo de ddn khach du lich.
- Hien tai Anh, My, Dffc va Ao la nhffng qudc gia thdng tri thi trffdng du lich ndng thdn toan ciu vdi 20 - 30 ngan doanh nghiep tren mdi nffdc.
3. Quan ni^m du lich nong thdn Song song vdi cac quan diem ve sff hinh thanh du lich ndng thdn nhff da neu d tren, Cdn cd nhieu quan niem du lich ndng thdn tren kh3p cac qud'c gia tren the'gidi. Ddn cff mpt sd'dinh nghla va quan niem du lich ndng thdn nhff sau: Theo OCDE (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), trong an pha'm Chid'n Iffdc du lich va phat trien ndng thdn, xua't ban tai Paris nam 1994, thi: Du lich ndng thdn la du Hch didn ra d ndng thdn. Tuy nhien, xem xet sau hdn, cd quan diem cho rang, khdng cd mpt dinh nghia ve du lich ndng thdn nao mang tinh chung nha't cho ta't ca cac vung cac qud'c gia. Theo cdng ddng chau Au nam 1986 thi: Ba't ky hoat dpng nao nganh du Hch to chffc d nhffng viing ndng thdn deu la du lich ndng thdn. Cdn tac gia Meinhard Breiling, 2006 cho rang: du lich ndng thdn la tS't ca nhffng gi khdng thudc ve du lich dd thi.
Oppermann, 1996 thi phat bieu: du Hch ndng thdn gdm du Hch ndng trai vi nhffng viing cd cdng ddng sinh sd'ng, khdng bao gdm nhffng hoat dpng trong nhffng vung giai tri ngoai trdi nhff nhffng vffdn qud'c gia, rffng hay nhffng vung ndi hoang da.
Tuy vao dieu kien ndng thdn va muc dich phat trien du Hch ndng thdn ciia tffng qud'c gia ma d mdi nffdc con dffdng hinh thanh va hoat dpng cung nhff nen tang cho hoat dpng du lich ndng thdn cung ra't khac nhau. Tff dd vai trd chii dao, lffc Iffdng thifc hien phat tridn du lich ndng thdn cijng khiic.
4. Ket Iu3n
Trong thffc te va ly thuye't, cd sff khac biet ldn ve du lich ndng thdn d cac q^ud'c gia phat trien va qud'c gia dang phat trien. O cac qud'c gia dang phat trien, ngffdi ta xem du lich ndng thdn nhff mdt cdng cu tai td chffc lai khu vffc d ndng thdn, da dang hda thu nhap tff ndng nghiep, gdp phan chd'ng ddi ngheo, phat huy sffc manh npi lffc ciia cdng ddng va phat huy bao tdn cac gia tn di san van hda cdng ddng, cung nhff viec bao vd mdi trffdng. Cdn d cdc qud'c gia phat tridn thi du Hch ndng thdn Iai phat tridn theo chieu sau, nham muc dich phuc vu nhu cau du lich trong dieu kien ngay cang khan hie'm cac khu vffc ndng thdn •
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TAP CHi GONG THIftfNG
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
7. Akca. H. 2006. Assessment of rural tourism in Turkey using SWOT analysis. Journal of Applied Sciences 6 (13):
2837-2839.
2. Arahi, Y. 2008. Rural Tourism in Japan: The regeneration of rural communities.
3. Knowd, I. 2001. Rural Tourism: Panacea and Paradox. Exploring the Phenomenon of Rural Tourism and Tourism's Interaction with Host Rural Communities. Retrieved on 6 August 2010 from,
4. MacDonald. R.. and Jolliffe. L . 2003. Cultural rural tourism evidence from Canada. Annals of Tourism Research. 30 (2): 307^322
5. Rattanasuwongchai, N. 2000. Rural Tourism-the impact on rural communities II. Thailand.
6 Rdiz. T, L. Puczkd. 1998. Rural Tourism and Sustainable Development in Hungary; In: D. Hall - L. O'Hanlon eds.: "Rural Tourism Management: Sustainable Options" International Conference, Conference Proceedings;
Scottish Agricultural College, Auchincruive, Ayr, Scotland, UK, pp.450-464.
Ngay nhSn bai: 4/6/2019
Ngay phan bien danh gia va su'a chu'a: 14/6/2019 Ngay chap nhan dang bai: 24/6/2019
Thdng tin tdc gid:
TS. BUI THI LAN HLfCfNG
Khoa Khuye'n nong va Phat trien ndng thdn
Trtfcfng Can bp Quan ly nong nghidp va Phat trien ndng thon 2
THE ESTABLISHMENT AND CONCEPTS OF THE RURAL TOURISM IN SOME COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD:
EXPERIENCE FOR VIETNAM TO DEVELOP THE RURAL TOURISM
• Ph.D BUI THI LAN HUONG
Department ot Agriculture Exstension and Rural Development School of agriclutral management and rural development officials II ABSTRACT:
Rural tourism is a widely used term in most countries around the world. In Vietnam, despite the country has great potential for the rural tourism development, the rural tourism term ts quite new and is not widely used. By reviewing and smdying the establishment and concepts of the rural tourism in some countnes in the world, this article is to clarify the concept of the mral tourism in Vietnam.
Keywords: Rural tourism, concept, establishment, tourism.
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