Cac nhan to anh hirdng den nang lu'c hap thu cong nghe cua doanh nghiep nho va viTa khu vu'c Dong bang song Hong
TRAN VAN THAMG' Torn tat
Bdi viet sd dung phUffng phdp phdn tich dinh luffng nhdm ddnh gid tdc dgng cua cdc nhdn td de'n ndng luc hdp thu cong nghe cua doanh nghiip nho vd vifa (DNNW) khu vuc Dong bdng song Hdng. Kel qud nghien cdu cho thdy, cdc nhdn td, gom: Vo'n td chdc; Vdn xd hgi; Vdn con ngUdi cd ldc dgng thudn chieu tdi Ndng lUc hdp thu cong nghe; nhdn td Moi trudng hogt dgng cd tdc dgng ngUffc chieu ldi Ndng lUc hdp thu cong nghe.
Tfl khoa: nhdn tddnh hudng, vdn xd hdi, hdp thu cong nghe, ddng bang song Hong Summary
The paper employs quantitative method to assess the impact of factors on the technology absorption capacity of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Red River Delta. The fruit indicates that Organizational capital; Social capital; Human capital have a positive impact on technology absorption capacity while Operating environment factor creates a negative impact.
Keywords: influencing factors, social capital, technology absorption. Red River Delta GIOI THIEU
Nang life ha'p thu cong nghd dffdc xem la mgt irong nhffng nhSn lo' phan anh nhu cau thffe tien va ffng dung ciia cac doanh nghidp dat mdt trinh do cao.
Thffe tidn da cho Iha'y, nang Iffc ha'p ihii cong nghe ciia doanh nghidp he't sffc da dang, tuy thugc vao vj tri, vai tro, kha nang phu thuoc vao chien Iffdc phat trien kinh Id'- xa hgi, quyd't tam cua lanh d^o, chat Iffdng nguon nhan Iffc, quy mo ve von dau tff... Nghidn cffu ve nang Iffc hap Ihu eong nghe ddng vai tro la nigl sff kich thich eho ldi the' eanh tranh co tinh ben vffng cua eac doanh nghiep. Chinh vi vay, viec tim hieu va phan tich cac nhan to' anh hffdng tdi nang Iffc ha'p thu cong nghe cua DNNVV la can thie't,
CO sd LY THUYET VA PHl/ONG PHAP NGHIEN CLfU
Cd sd ly thuy§'t
Nang lu'c hap thu (AC) dffdc nhdc tdi
lan dau bdi Cohen va Levinthal (1990, nang Iffc hap Ihu la mgi kha nang ciia cong ly nhan ra gia tri cua ihong tin, dong hoa no va dd cud'i eiing ap dung chung vao myc dich thffdng mai. Ngoai ra, nghidn cffu con cho tha'y rang, vide thu thap thong tm lidn quan dd'n va cd the anh hffdng de'n kha nang lang doanh so'va canh tranh trdn tht tru'dng ciia cong ty la rat quan trgng de duy Iri ldi the'canh tranh lau dai. Vi vay, bat bugc mot cong ly phai dau lir vao nd Iffc xay drfng nang iffc ban hang Clia minh va chie'm thi phin ldn hdn.
Lane va cgng sff (2006) cho rang, nang Iffc ha'p thu Ciia mgi cong ty phu thudc vao kha nang hieu dffdc cac gia tri tiem nang ciia kie'n thflc mdi (ben ngoai), de dong hda chiing vao eac he thong quan ly ciia nd va ap dung chiing de dat dffdc ldi the' thrfdng mai.
Cac va'n de drfdc nhieu nha nghidn cffu ve nang Iffc ha'p Ihu xff ly trrfdc day lap trung chu ye'u vao vide dinh dang va xac dinh cae nhan to va lien de giup nang cao nang life hap thu cho mgi to ehffe. Tuy nhidn, cd 2 hrfdng chinh cd the drfdc nhan ra iff cac nghien cffu trffde day ve nang life ha'p thu. Thfl nha't, nhffng loai nhan to'naoed the dong gdp cho sff cai ihien nang Iffc ha'p thu (kha nang ciia cac to chffc trong viec xac dinh gia tri, tid'p nhan, dong hoa va sfl dung kie'n thflc tff bdn ngoai dd lam tang ldi ich qua thffdng mai. Thfl
'ThS., Sd Ke hoach va Diu ttJtinh Hong Yen
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 05/10/2019; Ngdy phdn bicn: 15/10/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng: 24/10/2019
HIMH 1: MO HINH NGHIEM DE XGAT
Bien kiem soaf M 6 i tiiicmg ho3l dong
Kha nang khai thac
BAFiG 1: ROTATED COMPONENT MATRIX
VTCI VTC3 VTC7 VTC6 VTC5 VTC4 VTC2 VCN3 VCN2 VCNl VCN4 VCN7 VCN5 VCN6 VXH5 VXH2 VXHl VXH3 VXH4 MT3 MT4 MT5 MTl MT2 KTl KT2 PTI PT2 SCI SC2 CH!
CH2
Component 1
925 92!
915 913 .906 ,897 .884
2
816 .790 .730 .718 .689 ,678 672
3
756 .727 .712 -673 .665
4
.697 682 675 643 .626
5
-860 .847
6
.854 .802
7
,855 829 8
,787 ,766 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kai.ser Normalization.
a Rolauon converged in 6 iterations.
r^guon. Tac gia thLif
hai, cac nha phSn tich da nghien ci(^ cae hinh ihffc gay anh hffdng cua nang jffc hap Ihu dd'i vdi ke't qua thffc hien cong vide (performance) eua cac cong ty.
'Theo hrfdng thff nha't. cae^^ nM nghidn cffu khao sat cac tien de ciia nang Iffc ha'p thu. 6 cap do to chflc, irong cac nhan to drfdc xac dinh, nhff:
Kie'n thffc ban dau cua to chffc (Cohen va Levinthal, 1990; Van den Bosch va cgng sff, 1999); Kinh nghidm tim kid'm tri ihffc (Fosfuri va Tribo, 2008); Chinh thffc hoa; va Kha nang ke't hdp (Van den Bosch va cgng sff, 1999). d cap d6 ridng trf hoac ca nhan, nang Irfc ha'p ihu da drfde chi ra la drfdc thuc day bdi sff trfdng dong giffa cd sd tn thffc, cS'u triic to chffc, chtnh saeh thil lao va he iho'ng cung ffng hidn hanh trong id chffc (Lane va cgng sif, 2006).
Theo hffdng thff hai, cdc nghien cflu tap trung vao vai tro cua nang Iffc ha'p Ihu va eac tac dgng ma nd cd the gay ra do'i vdi boat dgng ciia to chflc, Huber (1991) cho rang, thdng qua kinh nghidm, cdc x6 chffc hge hdi va cd dffdc nhffng ky nang va hieu bie't mdi. Cac md'i quan hd mdi drfdc xay difng, kinh nghidm drfdc chia se, phd' bie'n va cuoi ciing drfdc dong hda Irong ea'u trtic td chffc hien ed. Dieu da xay ra la cac kho tri thffc hidn hffu se ttf dieu ehinh va tff lam mdi minh. Trong qua irinh nay, gia tn Clia kho kid'n thffc hien cd ciia doanh nghidp tang Idn, giup td ehffe cd them nang Iffc va kha nang dap ffng nhu cau mdi cua moi trrfdng. Tdm lai, nang liXc ha'p thu dffdc cho la ddng vai tro quan trgng trong vide cho phep cac to chflc md rgng kid'n thflc va ky nang va trd thanh dgng Iffc cat thien kha nang dong hda cua to chflc, sff dung thdng tm trong tffdng lai va khai thac kid'n thffc mdi de dd'i phd vdi cac mo'i de dga nhan ra dffdc ve ke'l qua Ihifc Ihi cdng vide va vi thd' canh tranh (Jimenez-Jimenez va Sans-Valle, 2005).
Dffa trdn kd't qua tong hdp cac cong Itinh nghien cffu trffde day, tac gia da dl xuat ra mo hinh nghidn cffu nhff Hinh 1-
Trong dd:
Bie'n phu thudc: Nang life ha'p thu eong nghd (drfdc the hien qua 4 thanh phan la: Kha nang sao --hen fSC); Kha nang phan tich (PT); K, j chuyen hda (CH); va Kha nang k ^ ([^jj
Bii'n dgc lap: Vo'n con VCN);
Vo'n xa hgi (VXH); Vd'n tc j ^ - ) '
66
Bii'n kiim sodt: Mdi trrfdng hoat ddng Clia dia phrfdng (MT). Day la nhan td bao gom cac cd che', chinh sach, quy dinh...
cua dia phrfdng co anh hrfdng ldi nang Irfc ha'p thu cong nghd ciia DNNVV.
Cae gia thuye't, gdm:
HI: Nhan id' vdn con ngffdi (human capital) cd lac ddng tich cffc de'n nang Iffc hap thu cong nghd cua DNNVV.
H2: NhSn td vdn xa hgi (social capital) cd tac ddng tich crfc de'n nang Iffc ha'p thu cong nghe cua DNNVV.
H3:Nhantdvdntdchffc(organizational capital) CO tac dgng tich cffc de'n nang lu'c ha'p ihu cong nghd cua DNNVV.
H4: Moi trffdng hoat dgng cd tac dgng tich cffc dd'n nang life ha'p thti cdng nghe Clia DNNVV.
Phffdng phap nghidn clhi MSu nghidn cffu drfdc Iffa chgn theo phrfdng phap lay mSu thuan ttdn. Theo dieu kien dieu ira thffe id' ve ihdi gian, nhan Irfc va tai ehinh, lac gia da xay drfng mau ban dau la 500 quan sal.
Ke't qua khao sat thu ve 422 mau hdp le cd the sff dung dd' phan lich dff Heu cho nghien cffu. Cac dff Hdu sau khi thu ihap drfde l£im sach va drfdc phan tich bang phan mem SPSS 20.0. Khao sat drfdc Ihrfc hidn iff thang 01-09/2018 (5ai vie't sd dung cdch vie't sd thdp phdn iheo chudn qudc te).
KET QUA NGHIEN CL/U Phan tich nhan to' kham pha (EFA) Ke'l qua phan tieh EFA cho iha'y, KMO = 0.866 thoa man dieu kidn KMO
> 0.5. Nhff vay, cd thd' kd'l luan phan lich nhan to' la thich hdp vdi cae dff lieu da cd. Tffdng Iff nhff vay, kd't qua kiem dinh Barlett cho tha'y, p = 0.000 < 5%, nghia la cac bie'n cd quan he vdi nhau va CO du dieu kidn de phan lich nhan to' bang kiem dinh EFA, Dffa Iren kd't qua phan tich ciia bang Total Variance Explained ta tha'y, Tong binh phffdng tai nhan td' xoay "Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings" dat 65,942% dat ydu cau. Ta't ca cac nhan to' drfdc rut trich xua'l vao nhom nhff Bang 1.
Danh gia do tin cSy cua thang do Ke'l qua danh gia do tin cay ciia thang do thong qua he so' Cronbach's Alpha cho tha'y, cac thang do deu dat do tin cay (Bang 2), Cac thang do, gdm: Vd'n id chflc; Vd'n xa hgi; Vo'n con ngffdi dat do tin cay irfdng do'i cao.
BANG 2: TONG HOP DANH GIA DO TIN CAY CUA THANG DO CAC BIEN DOC LAP, BIEN PHCI THUOC. BIEM KIEM SOAT Cac thang
do
Von to chiJc
Von xa hoi
Von con ngifcfi
Kha nang sao chep Kha nang khai thac Kha niing phan lich Khanang chuyen hoa
Moi irifftng hoai dpng
Cronbach's Alpha
0,97
0 776
0.855
0.656
0,725
0,642
0.669
0 702 S6' bie'n quan sat
7
5
7
2
2
2
2
.S Big'n quan sSt VTCI VTC2 VTC3 VTC4 VTC5 VTC6 VTC7 VXHl VXH2 VXH3 VXH4 VXH5 VCNi VCN 2 VCN3 VCN4 VCN5 VCN6 VCN7 SCI SC2 KTl KT2 PTI PT2 CHl CH2 MTl MT2 MT3 MT4 MT.'>
Trung binh thang do
n£'u loai bien
23 685 23-472 23,678 23 607 23 915 23.872 23.512 22 713 22.547 22.737 22.754 22,585 32 488 32.675 32.711 32 55 32 249 32 555 32-517 3.4573 3.4739 3.981 3 981 4 3886 44171 3 6991 3-4147 14 244 14.287 14,182 14.171 1431
PhiTifng sai thang do n@'u oai bi^'n 91.133 93 423 88.034 89,493 85.898 90-197 93,3 11 222 11.289 11,292 12,077 10 994 26,388 26,025 25-717 26 908 28 596 27,397 26 906 1,023 091 0 883 0,988 0,476 0 434 0 852 0,98 7 6909 7,7442 7.636.5 7,8616 7 4353
fil l
0.9114 0 8544 0.9177 0,8984 0,8937 0.8983 0,8915 0,5417 0,5624 0.5279 0-5086 0.607 0 6168 0,6761 0.7128 0,5918 0,3687 0 5705 0,5934 0,489 0 489 0.569 0 569 0 474 0,474 0-503 0.503 0.4495 0,4589 0 4882 0.4269 0.4657
Cronbach's Alpha nd'u loai bi€^n
0,9643 0 9683 0,9637 0 9651 0,9663 0.9651 0 966 0,7377 0 7304 0 7426 0.7483 0715 0 8349 0.8259 0,8204 0 8384 0.8417 0,8413 0,8382
0 6566 0,6528 0.6409 0 6658 0 6501
Dieu nay la phu help va dirOc diT doan trirdc, v! cac thang do nay khong phay thang do mdi, ma la thang do tac gia ke thita til nghien ciJu tnrdc. Con cac thang do Kha nang sao chep; Kha nang phan tich;
Kha nang chuyen hda dLtcfc chap nhan la dat do tin cay bdi la cac thang do mdi, nen yeu cau chi can he so' Cronbach's Alpha > 0.6 va cac bie'n do lirdng cd he so' tirong quan bie'n tdng > 0.3. Hai thang do
67
HINH 2:
NANG KET QUA LfTC HAP
CFA THANG DO CAC NHAN TO TAG DQNG DEN THy CONG NGHE QUA DNNVV {CHQAN HOA)
HINH 3 : KET QUA CFA MO HINH DO LdCiNG TCJl HAN ( C H C A N HOA)
la Kha nang khai thac va Moi trffdng hoat ddng mac du 1^ thang do mdi^, nhffng dam bao sff dung dffiJc khi hd s6 Cronbach's Alpha dat tren 0.7.
Phan tich nhan td' khang dinh (CFA) CFA thang do cdc nhdn tdtac d^ng den nang lUc hdp thu cdng nghe
Ke't qua phan lich CFA {Hinh 2) cho Iha'y, Chi-square/df=2.983; GFI-0.937;
TLI=0.925; CFI=0.934; RMSEA=0.042.
chffng to mo hinh thang do cac nhan to tae dpng de'n nang Iffc hS'p thu cdng nghS cua doanh nghigp phu hpp vdi dff Heu cua thi trffdng. Cac thang do, gom:
Vo'n con ngifdi; Von xa hoi; Vo'n lai chinh; Moi trffdng hoat ddng .. khdng co sff Iffdng quan giffa cac sai so' ciaa mdt so biS'n va dat tinh ddn hffdng,
CFA thang do gid tri gia tdng vUfft trdi Thang do gia tri gia tang vffpt troi la mgt Ihang do ddn hffdng, Vi vay, nghien cffu se kiem dinh chung cung vdi gid tri npi dung cua cac Ihang do cac nhan to' tac dong de'n nang Iffc ha'p Ihu cong nghe eua DNNVV trong mo hinh do lu'dng tdi han.
Mo hinh do lUdng tdi hgn Ke't qua CFA mo hinh do Iffdng ldi han ( e n h 3) cho ihay, Chi-square/df=2.760;
GFI=0.933; TLI=0,925; CFI=0.933;
RMSEA=0.039, chffng to mo hinh thang do cac nhan to' tac dpng de'n nang Iffc ha'p Ihii cong nghe cua doanh nghiep phu hdp vdi dff lieu cua Ihi trffdng va khang dinh tinh ddn hu'dng eua thang do kh^i niem cae nhan lo eua doanh nghiep tac ddng de'n nang Iffc ha'p thu cdng nghe.
Kiem dinh mo hinh nghien cdu Kiem dinh mo hinh ly thuye't chinh thtic Kel qua SEM mo hinh ly thuye't (Htnh 3) dffpc th^ hien tren Hinh 4 cd: Chi-square/df=3.162; GFI=0.940;
TLI=0,928; CFI-0.936; RMSEA=0.044, chffng to md hinh ly thuye't thich hdp vdi dff lieu cua thi trffdng.
Kiem dinh cdc gid thuye't nghien cdu Ke't qua kiem dinh mo hinh ly diuyet chinh thffc cd 4 gia thuyet: HI, H2, H3, H4.
K6't qua ffdc Iffdng (Bang 3) cho thay, nhan lo: Vo'n id chffc (VTC); Von xa hpi (VXH); Vo'n con ngu'di (VCN) tac ddng cung chieu den Nang Iffc ha'p thii cong nghe (HTCN) va cd y nghia tho'ng ke (P
< 0.05). Rieng Moi trffdng tn chffc (MT) cd tae dpng ngifpc chieu den Nang liic hap thu cong nghe. Chffng i . :ang. cac gia thuyet: HI, H2, H3, H4. h ; -j au-pc chap nhan.
68
KET LU^N
Ke' qua nghien cffu cho tha'y, Vo'n to chffc (VTC); Von xa hpi (VXH); Von con ngffdi (VCN) CO tac dpng thuan chieu con Mdi trffdng hoat dpng ed tae dong ngffdc chieu ldi Nang Iffe hS'p thu c6ng nghe cOa cdc DNNVV vung Dong bang song Hong. Tr6n cd scf dd, lac gia de xua't mdt so'kien nghi nham hoan thien mdi trffdng kinh doanh, tff dd nSng eao nang Iffc ha'p thu cong nghd cho DNNVV viing D6ng bang sdng Hong, nhff sau:
Vi phia Nhd nudc: Thie't ke' lal cac chffdng Irinh h6 trp phu hpp cho DNNVV;
dong thdi, cd cac bien phap de gta fang cp hpi tham gia/hffdng Idi Iff chinh sach ho trp cua Nha nudc do'i vdi khu vifc doanh nghiep nay; tich cffc day manh viec phoi hdp thffc hien cae chffdng trinh hd trd DNNVV giffa cac bp, nganh, dia phu'dng;
md rpng pham vi ap dung cac chinh sach ho trd cho nhieu nhdm dd'i tu'dng chff khong lap trung vao mpt nhdm doanh nghiap chu chot nhu hien nay. Dam bao cd chS' chia s^ Ihong dn va bao cao chua dffdc thffc hien nghidm hie va day du.
Ve phia doanh nghiip: Nang cao nhan thffc va sff quan t^m eua DNNVV vdi nang Iffc hap Ihu cdng nghd cua minh, Cai thidn chS'l Iffdng cua Ihong tin tai chinh va bao cao cua DNNVV de giiip cac cd quan quan ly irong viec ihifc hien chinh sach ffu dat va hd trd doanh nghiep (vi du v^ thue', lin dung). Nang cao nang Iffc va tam nhin cua doi ngu lanh dao DNNVV.Q
HINH 4: KET QUA SEM MO HINH LY THUYET CHINH THCTC (CHUAN HOA)
Cfih5quare= 1074 993, dfe 340, P= 000 ,Cl!i.Bquarefdr = 3162 ,GFI= 940, TLI - 928, CFI - 936 ,RMSeA= 044
BANG 3: KET QUA KIEM DjNH MOI QUAN HE NHAN QUA GICifA CAC KHAI NIEM TRONG MO HINH LY THUYET CHJNH THtTC
(CHUAN HOA) Quan hf
NLHT <— VTC NLHT <— VCN NLHT <— VXH NLHT <— MT
Estimate ,377 534 ,377 ,279
SE ,030 .035 .030 .022
CR 12.522 15 395 12 522 12 830
P
*.*
t . .
***
0,117 Tiong do- Estimate: gid tn Udc tuong trung binh. SE : Ci(: gid iri tdi lian. P. mdc y nghTa. *-'^*: p < 0,001-
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Cohen, W., and D. Levinthal (1990). Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35( 1), 128-152
2. Fosfuri, A., & Tribd, J. A. (2008). Exploring Ihe antecedents of potential absorpdve capacity and its impact on innovation performance. Omega, 36(2), 173-187
3. Jansen, J, J. P., Van Den Bosch, F, A, J , & Volberda. H, W, (2005). Managing potential and realized absorptive capacity: How do organizational antecedents mRttei'l Academy of Management Journal, 48(6), 999-1015
4. Jimenez-Jimenez, D., & Sanz-Valle, R, (2005). Innovation and human resource management fit: an empirical study. International Journal of Manpower, 26(4), 364-381
5. Huber (1991). Organizanonal Learning: The Contributing Processes and the Literatures, Organization Science, 2( I)
6. Lane, P. J., Koka, B. R., & Pathak, S. (2006). The Reificalion of Absorptive Capacity: A Critical Review and Rejuvenation of the Construct, The Academy of Managemeni Review, 31 (4), 833-863
7. Van Den Bosch, F. A. L, Volberda, H. W., & De Boer, M. (1999). Coevolulion of Firm Absorptive Capacity and Knowledge Environment: Organizational Forms and Combinative Capabilities, Organization Science, 10(5), 551-568
