DINH Dl/ONG VA THU'C AN CHAN NUOI
ANH HLfONG CAC ML/C XO TRUNG TINH DEN SU TIEU HOA CHAT H 0 U CO d IN VITRO CUA KHAU PHAN BO THIT
Nguyen Btnh Truong'* vd Nguyen Van Thu^
N g a y n h a n bai b a o : 20/02/2020 - N g a y n h a n bai p h a n bien: 23/03/2020 N g a y b a i b a o d u p c c h a p n h a n d a n g : 27/03/2020
T O M T A T
Thi nghiem n a y n h a m m u c dich xac dinh s u tieu hoa vat cha't hiiu co 6 in vitro vai miic NDF hqp ly trong khau p h a n bo thiL d u o c thie't ke' theo the thiic hoan toan ngau nhien voi 6 nghiem thiic (NT) la 6 miic NDF (%) trong khau p h a n d u a vao vat chat kho (DM) la 35, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65 tuong ling vdi NDF35, NDF41, NDF47, NDF53, NDF59, NDF65 va 3 lan lap lai, Cac thuc lieu thiic an trong khau p h a n la co Voi, day la Bim Bim, rom va thiic an h5n h o p (TAHH). TAHH vdi cac thuc lieu gom cd tain va kho dau nanh ly trich voi miic protein tho (CP) on dinh trong khau p h a n cho tat ca N T la 14,6% (vat chat kho). Thi nghiem d u o c tieh hanh theo p h u o n g phap ty le tieu hoa in vitro ciia Goering va Van Soest (1970), theo doi 0-72h vol nhiet d o bon dieu nhiet !a 39,5°C. Ket qua thu d u o c cho tha'y ty le tieu hoa chat hiiu co (OMD) khac biet co y nghTa thong ke (P<0,05) giii'a cac NT 6 cac thdi diem 0, 12, 24, 48, 72h. 6 72h, gia tri OMD a i a cac NT thap d a n t u NT NDF35, NDF41, NDF47, NDF53, NDF59, NDF65 va khac biet co y nghia thong ke (P<0,05), T u o n g t u khi tang miic NDF tii' 35% len 65% trong khau p h a n da lam ty le tieu hda xo trung tinh giam dan d cac NT (P<0,05). Ke't qua d i n g chi ra miic NDF trong khau phan 47-59% cho ty le tieu hda chat hiiu co va xo trung tinh d in vitro cd trien vpng cho cac nghien ciiu tie'p theo de iing d u n g trong chan nuoi bo thit.
Tit k h o a : Xa trung tinh, su tieu hoa, gia sue nhai lai.
ABSTRACT
Effect of dietary levels of neutral detergent fiber o n in vitro organic matter digestion of beef cattle
The aim of this experiment was to determine the in vitro organic matter digestibity (OMD) of beef cattle effected b y dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels. It was arranged in a complete radomized design with 6 treatments and 3 repications The treatments were 35, 41, 47, 53, 59 and 65 NDF (%) correspondmg to NDF35, NDF41, NDF47, NDF53, NDF59 a n d NDF65 treatmenL The dietary ingredients were elephant grass [Penisetum purpureum), Operculia turpethum, rice straw and concentrate (broken rice a n d soybean extraction meal) with the fixed crude protein of 14.6% (DM basis) for all the treatments. The research method was following the suggestions of Goering and Van Soest in 1970 Results showed that the OMD was significantly different (P<0,05) among the tre- atments at 0,12,24,48 and 72h mcubation. At 72h, the OMD values of treatment NDF35 (85,1%) and NDF41 (82.7%) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than these of the rest of treatments, hicreasing NDF levels m diets from 35 to 65% was gradually reduced O M a n d NDF digesdbility. The results also indicated that the dietary levels (%) of NDF from 47 to 59 promisingly gave the in vitro OM and NDF digestibility values, which could be used in further studies to apply for beef produchon.
Keywords: Neutral detergent fiber, digestion, ruminants.
1.fiATVi(N0i
Gia sue nhai lai co kha nang tan dung tot nguon thuc an tho chuyen hoa thanh nang
' Tnrong Dai hgc AnGiang, Dai hoc Quoc Gia TP Ho Chi Minh^ Tnrong Dai hgc Can Tho
' Tac gia lien h?. ThS. Nguyen Binh Truong - Truong Dai hgc An Giang, So' 18 Ung Van Khiem, TP, Long Xuyen, Tinh An Giang Dien thoai. 0983 377 424 Email' nbtruongPagu.edu.vn
l u g n g b o i h e v i s i n h v a t d a co. C h a t x o k h o n g h o a t a n t r o n g d u n g m o i t r u n g t i n h ( n e u t r a l d e t e r g e n t fiber - N D F ) d u g c x e m n h u la c h i tieu d a n h gia c h a t l u g n g ciia t h u c a n g i a s u e ( M e r t e n s , 2014), H a m l u g n g N D F c u a c a c loai t h i i c a n t h o t h u o n g ra't bie'n d o n g ( D a n h M o v a N g u y e n V a n T h u , 2008) v a s u g i a t a n g h a m I u g n g N D F t r o n g k h a u p h a n t h i i c a n
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lam giam ty le tieu hoa cac cha't dinh duong 6 gia siic nhai lai (Vu Chi Cuong va ctv, 2009).
Ben canh do, sir gia tang muc NDF trong khau phan Iam giam su heu thu vat chat kho va sinh truong bo Iai Sind (Danh Mo, 2009).
Tuy nhien, ty Ie tieu hoa NDF tang len da cai thien dugc tang kho'i lugng (TKL) ciia bo thit (Rahman va ctv, 2009). Arelovich va ctv (2008) tuong trinh la lugng NDF tieu thu co mo'i quan he chat che voi Iugng chat kho tieu thu va gia tri nang luong thuan can thie't cho tang trucmg. Tuy nhien cac nghien cuu anh huong cac muc do NDF de'n tieu hoa duong chat 6 bo thit 6 Viet Nam con rat han che'. Vi vay, muc tieu cua nghien cuxi nay la xac dinh va de xua't muc NDF cua khau phan hgp ly cho cac nghien cuu tie'p theo ve tieu hoa va nuoi duong true tie'p tren bo thit can thie't cho su khuye'n cao ung dung.
2. VAT LIEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUfU 2.1. Thai gian, dia diem va vat lieu
Thi nghiem duoc thuc hien tu thang 03/2019 den thang 05/2019 tai phong thi nghiem E205, Bp mon Chan nuoi, Khoa Nong ngMep, Truong Dai hgc Can Tho. Thuc an trong khau phan dugc phoi tron theo ty le cua cac NT tu nguon thuc heu la co Voi, Bim Bim, rom kho va TAHH {gom co ta'm va dau nanh ly trich).
2.2. Bo tri thi nghiem
Thi nghiem duoc bo' tri theo the thuc hoan toan ngau nhien va thuc hien voi 6 NT va 3 lan lap lai. 6 NT la 6 muc NDF 35% {NDF35), 41%
(NDF41), 47% (NDF47), 53% (NDF53), 59%o (NDF59) va 65% (NDF65) dua theo cac nghien cuu cua Arelovich va ctv (2008); Konka va ctv (2015); Filho va ctv (2016).
Bang 1. Cong thuc va thanh phan duong chat cua cac nghiem thiic {%) trong thi nghiem
Cong thiic ciia cac nghiem thiic (%DM)
Thanh phan dudng cha't giiia cac nghiem thiic
Thanh phan Co Voi 15 ngay Co Vol 25 ngay Co Vol 65 ngay Day la Bim Bim dai 50cm Day la Bim Bim 301-350cm
Rom kho Tam Dau nanh ly trich
Ure Tong
DM OM CP EE CF NDF ADF NFE ME, Kcal
NDF35 4,88
39,1 30,2 6,09 14,7 4,87 0,22 100 92,8 94,7 14,6 3,40 20,2 35,0 29,4 57,0 2.358
NDF41
24,8 27,3 21,6 6,57 11,7 7,76 0,23 100 93,1 94,5 14,6 2,84 22.3 41,0 31,1 55,4 2.323
NDF47
42,0 24,9 5,14 8,08 10,7 8,72 0,40 100 93,2 94,2 14.6 2,50 24,9 47.0 33,5 53.3 2.273
NDF53 4,84 56,4 7,95 3,00 8,05 6,79 12,6 0,45 100 93,5 94,0 14,6 2,13 26,6 53,0 35,4 52,0 2.241
NDF59
74,7 1,49 8,03 2,51 12.5 0,80 100 93.8 93,9 14,6 1,91 29,9 59,0 38,5 49,8 2.182
NDF65
87,9 1,49 6,08 1,06 1.34 2,14 100 94,4 93,3 14,6 1,96 33,4 65,0 42,4 49,6 2.045
Ghl chu. DM: vat cha't kho 6 trang thdt phong thi nghiem, OM: vat chdi hiru ca, CP: protein tho, CF: xa tho, EE:
beo tho, NDF. xa trung tinh, ADF. xa axit, Hemi hemicellulose. Ash khoang tong so, NFE: chiet chat khong dam, ME. ndng luang trao doi NDF35, NDF41, NDF47, NDF53, NDF59. NDF65: cdc NT co NDF trong khau phan 35, 41, 47, 55, 59, 65% tinh tren DM
TAHH dugc tron voi thuc lieu gom co tam, dau nanh voi muc CP on dinh trong khau phan cho cac NT la 14,6% (DM) va ure
dugc dimg de can bang muc CP trong khau phan. De dap ung yeu cau cung loai NDF on dinh, co Voi o cac ngay hioi 15, 25 va 65;
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va doan than la Bim Bim khac nhau dugc su dung trong khau phan ciia thi nghiem (Bang 1). Day la Bim Bim thu mau tinh tir ngon vao de'n vi tri 50cm tu'ong ung vgi ten mau day la Bim Bim chieu dai 50cm, doan than la vi tri thu 301-350 tuong iing voi ten mau day la Bim Bim doan 301-350cm the hien qua hinh 1 va 2.
,. s W f
Hinh 1. Day la Bim Bim chieu dai 50cm
Hinh 2. Day la Bim Bim doan 301-350cm Chi tieu theo doi gom co:
Thanh phan dudng chat ciia cdc thuc lieu Bang 2. Thanh phan (%DM) duong
DM, OM, CP, CF va EE dugc phan tich theo AOAC (1990); NDF va ADF dugc xac dinh theo Van Soest va ctv (1991); ME dugc uoc tinh theo cong thiic ciia Abate va Mayer (1997).
Ty le tieu hoa OM va NDF 6 in vitro dugc xac dinh tai cac thoi diem 0, 12, 24, 48 va 72h.
Ty Ie tieu hoa 6 in vitro dua theo mo ta cua Goe- ring va Van Soest (1970); Nguyen Van Thu va Peter Uden (2003). Ty le tieu hoa OM va NDF dugc tinh toan dua tren cac cong thuc sau:
OMD% = 100- [(KL^.^-KL,,^^p/(KL^=^xD- MxOM)]x]00 (1)
NDFD% = 100- [(KL^.^-KL^^^ )/(KL^.^xD- M>^NDF)]«100 (2) " ' """'^
(KL^.,: kho'i luong mau sau say, KL^^^ : khoi lugng mau sau nung, KL^=^: kho'i lugng mau)
2.3. Xu ly so lieu
So' lieu tho cua thi nghiem dugc xu Iy so bg tren phan mem Microsoft Office Excel 2007, sau do phan tich phuong sai (ANOVA) theo mo hinh GLM tren phan mem Minitab Release 16,1 (Minitab, 2010), Khi co su khac biet giija cac gia tri trung binh cua cac NT se dimg phep thu Tukey (Minitab Release 16.1) de tim su khac biet tung cap NT (P<0,05).
3.KETQUiiVATHA0LUAN
3.1. Thanh phan duong chat cac loai thiic an trong thi nghiem
chat ciia thiic an trong thi nghiem
Thuc lieuCo Voi 15 ngay Co Vol 25 ngay Co Voi 65 ngay Day la Bim Bim dai 50cin Day la Bim Bim doan 301-350cm Rom
Tam Dau nanh ly trich Ure
DM 94,3 94,8 94,5 93,0 93,5 94,1 90,6 90,3 100
OM 95,7 95,5 95,5 95,8 96,5 95,8 90,0 89,9
CP 11,5 9,85 8,34 18,1 9,19 4,99 8,33 42,4 288
EE 2,73 1.66 1,99 4,07 4,18 1,94 1,57 1,34
NFE 62,6 53,1 50,0 50,5 56,2 56,3 79,5 41,3
CF 18,9 30,9 35,2 22,7 27,0 32,6 0,60 4,85
NDF 57,4 64,6 68,4 35,5 42,1 64,8 6,23 15,6
ADF 35,3 40,7 44,2 33,3 36,8 46,9 1,37 9,58
Hemi 22,1 23,9 24,2 2.20 5,30 17,9 4,86 6,02
ME, kcal/DM 2311 2,141 2 076 2 770 2 247 2.015 2 187 3,049
Ke't qua Bang 2 the hien gia tri duong chat cua CO Voi 15 ngay tuoi vol CP la 11,5% va ME la 2.311 kcal/l<g DM; 25 ngay tuoi CP la 9,85%
va ME la 2.141 kcal/kg DM; 65 ngay tuoi CP la 8,34% va ME 14 2.076 kcal/kg DM. Gia tri CP va ME CO Voi giam theo tuoi, nhung NDF tang
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tuong ling la 57,4; 64,6 va 68,4%. Ke't qua nay phii hgp theo nghien ciin ciia Vu Chi Cuong va ctv (2010) voi su gia ting NDF theo thoi gian sinh truong co Voi 35 den 50 ngay tuoi tuong ung la 68,1 va 74,1%. Day la Bim Bim chieu dai 50cm co gia tri CP la 18,1% va ME la 2.770 kcal/kgDM, va giam khi day la Bim Bim doan 301-350cm la 9,19% va ME la 2.247 kcal/
kg DM, NDF thi tang tii 35,5% len 42,1%. Ket qua nay phii hgp voi nghien cuu ciia Nguyen Thi Vinh Chau va Nguyen Van Tliu (2014) voi CP la 14,2% va NDF la 39,0% voi day la Bim Bim chieu dai khoang 1,5m. Rom co NDF la 64,8% phii hgp vdi ke't qua ciia Nguyen Van Thu va Nguyen Thi Kim Dong (2011) la 64,9%.
3.2. Ty ! | tieu hoa chat hmi co
Ke't qua ttr Bang 3 the hien, OMD tai thdi diem Oh ciia NDF35 la 62,9% cao co y nghia thong ke so voi NDF41, NDF47, NDF53, NDF59 va NDF65, Urong img la 55,1; 52,7;
41,2; 37,6 va 31,7%. Thoi diem 12h sau khi il, tieu hoa OM la 74,1% oia NDF35 cao co y nghia so vai cac NT con Iai. 6 thai diem 24h, OMD oia NDF41 la 76,4% khac biet khong co y nghia voi NDF35 la 79,2%, nhung cao co y nghia so voi NDF47 la 68,0%, NDF53 la 64,8%, NDF59 la 63,2% va NDF65 la 58,0%. Tuang hr, ty le tieu hoa OM giam dan khi tang muc NDF til 35% de'n 65% a thdi diem 48h. Ke't qua nay
phii hgp voi nghien ciiu ciia Mpemba va ctv (2018) la OMD da giam 41,9-33,4% khi NDF khau phan tang tir 64,6% deh 76,6% trong dieu kien in vitro tu nguon thuc lieu co kho va TAHH.
Tai thoi diem 72h, OMD tich luy ciia NDF35 va NDF41 hrang ung la 85,1 va 82,7%
khac biet khong co y nghia (P>0,05), nhung cao CO y nghia voi cac NT khac va tha'p nha't o NDF65 la 68,2%.. Tieu hoa OM ciia NDF53 la 73,8% thap hon so voi NDF47 la 76,2% va cao hon voi NDF59 la 71,4%, tuy nhien nhimg khac biet nay khong co y nghia thong ke (P<0,05). Ty le tieu hoa OM o in vitro qua cac thai diem 12, 24, 48, 72h u nay cao hon muc NDF54,2 oia Nguyen Van Thu va Nguyen Thi Kim Dong (2011) tir nguon nguyen lieu ram kho il voi ure 21 ngay cimg thoi diem theo doi la 25,6; 28,1; 40,3 va 41,5%. Su khac biet nay co the anh huong tir nguon nguyen lieu ciia thi nghiem nay chi co 8% rcmi so vai hoan toan 100% rom.
Su gia tang miic NDF tir 35% de'n 65%» da Iam giam dan tieu hoa OM 6 tung thdi diem theo doi va tich lijy d 72h. Bdi vi, gia tri OMD cao d NT CO mii'c NDF tha'p do ham lugiig dan xua't khong dam (NFE) cao nen cd kha nang Ien men nhanh so vai mire NDF cao trong khau phan.
Bang 3. Ty I^ tieu hoa in vitro chat hiru co giua cac nghiem thiic tir 0-72h
Thcri diem (gio) NDF41 NDF47 NDF53 NDF59 NDF65 SE
62,9- 74,1' 79,2' 85,8^
85,1=
55,1'- 69,2'' 76,4^
81,0'' 82.7'
52,7^
64,0' 6 8 , ^ 73.5=
76,2*
41,2' 37,6' 31,7'i 0,001 0,904 59,1'' 52,3' 48,5* 0,001 0,773 64,8' 63,2= 58,0'' 0,001 0,596 70,7'' 68,0' 64,3' 0,001 0,462 73,8^- 71,4' 68,2'' 0,001 0,578
Giu chu. Cdc chit cdi khde nhau tren cdc gid tri trung binh cimg hang id sir sai khde co y nghla thong ke vdi a-=i},t)5 3.3. Ty le tieu hoa xo Irung tinh d in vitro cua
cac nghiem thuc
Bang 4 cho tha'y ty le tieu hoa NDF tai thdi diem 0 va 12h khac biet khong cd y nghia thdng ke giiia cac NT (P>0,05). Tai thdi diem 24 gid sau khi u, ty le tieu hoa NDF tang len va khac biet co y nghia giiia cac NT (P<0,05).
Su tieu hoa NDF (NDFD) ciia NDF35 la 45,6%
so vdi NDF41 la 43,7%> va NDF47 la 41,6%
(P>0,05), nhung cao hon cd y nghTa tho'ng ke (P<0,05) vdi NDF53, NDF59 va NDF65 (39,6;
37,8 va 36,1%), Kongphitee va ctv (2018) cho bie't khi tang muc NDF khau phan 45,2-63,2%
da lam NDFD giam 64,7% xudng 51,9% trong dieu kien in vivo. O thdi diem 48 va 72h, ty le tieu hoa NDF d in vitro ciia NT NDF35 va
46
KHKT Chdn nuoi so 257 - thdng 6 nam 2020DINH Dl/ONG VA THl/C AN CHAN NUOI
41 cao hon cd y nghla tho'ng ke (P<0,05) so co ty Ie NDF tha'p thi tieu hoa in vitro tie'p tuc NDF47,53, 59 va 65, Ket qua nay phii hgp vdi tang cham tii' 48-72h.
cong bd ciia Madrid va ctv (2002) vdi thiic an
Bang 4. Ty le tieu hoa xo trung tinh d in vitro (%) giira cac nghiem thuc
T h o i d i e m (gio) 0
12 24 48 72
N D F 3 5 0,28 29,9 45,6'' 61,5'' 60,3^
N D F 4 1 0,10 29,1 43,7""
56,3'' 59,8''
N D F 4 7 1,09 28,0 41,6=^"
4 9 , T 54,5''
N D F 5 3 0,08 27,7 39,6'"'''
48,7=
54,3'' N D F 5 9
0,86 26,0 37,8"' 4 8 , 3 ' 53,8''
N D F 6 5 1,07 24.2 36,1'' 47,0' 52,4''
P 0,995 0,091 0,001 0,000 0,001
SE 2,126 1,325 1,118 0,835 1.074
f D ( % )
0 g i d
Hinh 3. Ty le tieu hoa NDF theo thdi gian ii mau 3.4. Su quan he giua ty le tieu hoa chat hiiTi CO va xa trung tinh
Ty le tieu hda OM va NDF dii co khac biet giiia cac NT cd y nghia thd'ng ke (P<0,05) qua cac thdi diem theo ddi, tuy nhien chiing CO diem chung la tang dan theo thdi gian va tuong dong ve ty le tieu hda d cac muc NDF trong khau phan tha'p nha't la d NDF65 va cao nha't la d NDF35, Nhu the'khi tang ham lugng NDF trong khau phan thi tieu hda OM va NDF se giam va md'i tu'ong quan tuye'n tinh giiia hai chi tieu nay theo phucmg trinh y=l,27x-47,8 vdi R-0,715 (Hinh 4). Tuy nhien, cac NT d miic 47, 53 va 59% NDF, gia tiri tieu hda NDF gan nhu tuong duong nhau (Bang 4 va Hinh 3). Harper va McNeill (2015) chi ra rang d miic thap NDF trong khau phan ciia bd thit cd the kho dat dugc d cac vimg nhiet ddi va can nliiet ddi do su han che've gia tri dinh dudng ciia thiic an va di truyen ve sinh trudng ciia bd tha'p hon, muc NDF cao hon trong khau phan du'oc coi la mot muc tieu kha thi hon trong cac he thdng chan nuoi nhiet ddi, Trong thuc te'
san xua't vdi miic tang khoi lugng tuong do'i chan nuoi bd lay thit tai tinli An Giang cd mtic NDF khau phan 49,7-57,9% vdi Iugng thii'c an bo sung la 10,7-27,8% (Nguyin Binh Trudng va Nguyen Van Thu, 2019). Ne'u tang muc NDF trong khau phan (63-69%), tieu thu DM, CP, ME va tang khd'i lugng cua bo lai Sind giam dan theo ke't qua nghien cuu ciia Danh Md (2009). Theo thdi gia 2020, thuc lieu khau phan NDF35, NDF41, NDF47, NDF53, NDF59, NDF65 la 1,264, 1.181, 1.198, 1,162, 1.061, 785 dong/kg. Vi vay, miic NDF 47-59% trong khau phan cd trien vgng cho viec giam gia thanh san pham va tan dung cac nguon thiic an xo to't hon cho cac nghien ciiu tie'p theo trong dieu kien chan nudi bd thit.
N D F D (%)
Hinh 4. Su quan he giiia ty le tieu hoa chat huu CO va xo trung tinh 4.KETLUiH
Tang miic NDF tii 35% len 65% da lam giam dan ty le tieu hoa chat hihi co va xo trung tinh, CO moi quan he tuyen tinh giiTia OMD va
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NDFD vdi ham sd y=l,27x-^7,8 vdi R^0,715 va nen tie'p tuc nghien aVu muc NDF 47-59%
trong khau phan bd thit d cac nghien cuu tieu hda tru'c tiep de cd the iing dung trong san xuat.
TAI LI|U THAM KHAO
1. A h a t e A.L a n d M, M a y e r (1997), Prediction of the useful e n e r g y in tropical feeds from p r o x i m a t e c o m p o s i t i o n a n d in vi\'o d e r i v e d energetic contents: 1. Metabolisable e n e r g y Small R u m . Res., 25 51-59
2 A O A C (1990) Official m e t h o d s of analysis (15th edition), W a s h i n g t o n , DC, 1: 69-90.
3 A r e l o v i c h H . M . , A b n e y C S , , Vizcarra J.A. a n d G a l y e a n M.L. (2008). Effects of Dietary N e u t r a l Detergent Fiber o n Intakes of D r y Matter a n d N e t Energy b y Dairy a n d Beef Cattle: A n a l y s i s of Published Data The Professional A m . Sci„ 24- 375-83
4. N g u y e n T h i VTnh C h a u va N g u y e n V a n T h u (2014). A n h h u o n g cua m u c x o t m n g tinh (NDF) trong k h a u p h a n d e n s u t a n g t r u o n g . tieu h o a d u o n g chat, chat l u o n g q u a y thit v a cac chi tieu d i c h m a n h t r a n g cua tho lai {dia p h u o n g X N e w Z e a l a n d ) 6 DBSCL, T a p chi Khoa hoc T r u o n g Dai h p c C a n Tho, P h a n B, N o n g n g h i e p , T h u y san va C o n g n g h e Smh hpc 35.38-47
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